Iron crossing. Railway crossing, rules, signs, penalty for railway crossing. All offenses can be recorded

Railroad crossing- place of intersection highway from railway tracks on the same level, equipped necessary devices, ensuring traffic safety and improving the conditions for the passage of trains and vehicles. Depending on the traffic intensity of the railway. and road transport crossings are divided into 4 categories (see table 1).
By location they distinguish: moving common use- at the intersection of the railway. public roads with public roads and municipal roads, as well as streets; non-public use - at intersections with highways of individual enterprises and organizations. It is not allowed to reopen crossings on the public railway network: I, II and III categories in sections with train speeds of more than 120 km / h; IV category at the intersection of three or more main railway lines. tracks, when crossing tracks in recesses and other places where visibility conditions are not provided, as well as in cases where crossings are required to be serviced by a duty worker.
According to the method of traffic control, regulated crossings are distinguished - equipped with crossing signaling devices or serviced by attendants, and unregulated - without signaling or on duty. At crossings without an attendant, drivers of vehicles located at a distance of not more than 50 m from the nearest rail must be provided with visibility of the approaching train in accordance with established norms(see table 2).

Management of the crossing by duty workers with or without signaling is established: in sections with train speeds of more than 140 km / h, as well as in the presence of tram or trolleybus traffic; moving category I; Category II, located on sections with a traffic intensity of more than 16 trains per day and not equipped with automatic traffic signaling with a white-moon flashing light and automatic monitoring of the malfunction of crossing signaling devices by the station attendant or train dispatcher, and crossings without signaling only in cases where the road crosses three and more main ways; Category II under unsatisfactory visibility conditions and on sections with a traffic intensity of more than 16 trains per day, regardless of visibility conditions; Category III under unsatisfactory visibility conditions on sections with a traffic intensity of more than 16 trains per day and in all cases with a traffic intensity of more than 200 trains per day.
Crossings are usually located on straight sections of railways and roads outside of cuts and places where satisfactory visibility conditions are not provided. Crossings of railways by roads should be carried out mainly at right angles (Fig. 3.90). If this condition cannot be met, the acute angle between the intersecting roads must be at least 60°. Existing crossings, located at a sharper angle, must be rebuilt simultaneously with the reconstruction of roads.

At existing crossings, for at least 10 m from the outermost rail, the road in the longitudinal profile has a horizontal platform or a large-radius vertical curve or a slope due to the excess of one rail over the other when the intersection is in a curved section of the track. The longitudinal slope of the road approaches to the crossing for at least 20 m in front of the site should be up to 50%o. During the reconstruction and construction of new motor roads, the approaches are established in such a way that for at least 2 m from the outermost rail the motor road in the longitudinal profile has a horizontal platform.
The road approaches to the crossing for at least 50 m are designed with a longitudinal slope of up to 30%o. When approaching the crossing of unpaved automobile roads (without a hard surface), a hard surface is laid on both sides for a distance of 10 m or more from the head of the outermost rail. Newly created protective forest plantations must provide drivers of vehicles within 50 m from the crossing the visibility of an approaching train at a distance of at least 500 m.
The width of the flooring laid at the crossing should be equal to the width of the carriageway of the highway, but not less than 6 m, and in places of cattle driving - not less than 4 m. The path under the flooring can be both on wooden and on reinforced concrete sleepers. With outer side rail gauge flooring is laid at the same level with the top of the rail heads; it is not allowed to deviate the top of the rail head located within the carriageway by more than 2 cm relative to the pavement. Inside the track, the flooring is made 1-3 cm higher than the rail heads. With rubber cord or polymer material flooring, the lowering of its inter-rail part relative to the level of the rail heads is not allowed. Depending on the design of the crossing, in order to ensure the unhindered passage of wheel sets of rolling stock, counter rails can be laid within the flooring. Their ends, at a length of 50 cm, are bent inside the track by 25 cm. The width of the gutter is set to 75-110 mm, and the depth is at least 45 mm.

Barrier posts, traffic light masts, crossing signaling, fences, railings and guide posts are located at a distance of at least 0.75 m from the edge of the carriageway. Guide posts (Fig. 3.91) are installed on both sides of the crossing over a distance of 2.5 to 16 m from the extreme rails every 1.5 m. .2 m, and barrier nets are suspended from mechanized barriers. At crossings with heavy traffic of vehicles, as well as high-speed traffic of passenger trains, special railway barrier devices can be used. crossings (UZP) from unauthorized entry of vehicles. Crossings equipped with such devices must have footpaths and sound alarms.

On the approaches to crossings from the railroad. e. install permanent signal signs “C” about the whistle blowing by train drivers, and warning signs from the side of the highway before all crossings without an attendant road signs: "Single-track railway", "Multi-track railway". If there is a traffic signal at the crossing, these signs are placed on the same support with traffic lights, and in its absence - at a distance of at least 20 m from the near rail.
Signal signs "C" are located on the right side in the direction of train movement at a distance of 500-1500 m from crossings, and on hauls where trains circulate at speeds of more than 120 km / h, at a distance of 800-1500 m. Before crossings without attendants with unsatisfactory visibility conditions, in addition, additional signal signs "C" should be installed at a distance of 250 m from the crossing (on sections where the speed of trains is more than 120 km/h, at a distance of 400 m). Before crossings without attendants and not equipped with crossing signaling, if the drivers of vehicles located at a distance of up to 50 m from the near rail are not provided with visibility of the train at the estimated distance, as well as during the performance of work at the crossing, a road sign "Movement without stopping is prohibited" is installed . At the approaches to the place for driving cattle, at a distance of 20 m from the outermost rails, signs are placed with inscriptions in Russian and local languages: “Beware of the train! Place for driving cattle, and at a distance of 3-4 m from the outer rail across the tracks for driving cattle - posts to prevent vehicles from entering the road. On electrified lines on both sides of the crossing, prohibitory road signs "Height restriction" with the number on the sign "4.5 m" are additionally placed at a distance of at least 5 m from the barrier, and in its absence - at least 14 m from the outermost rail.
At approaches to crossings from motor roads, warning signs “Railway crossing with a barrier” or “Railway crossing without a barrier” are also installed at a distance of 150-300 m, and in settlements - at a distance of 50-100 m from the outermost rail.
Crossings with attendants are equipped with barriers, which are located on the side of the highway on the right side (in the direction of movement of vehicles) on both sides of the crossing, while the bars of the barriers in the closed position are installed at a height of 1-1.25 m from the surface of the carriageway. Automatic, semi-automatic and electric barriers must block at least half of the carriageway of the highway on the right side, the left side of the road with a width of at least 3 m is not blocked. The bars of these barriers are of standard length 4, 6 and 8 and are equipped with red reflective devices. Mechanized barriers block, as a rule, the entire carriageway roads and have signal lights used at night, as well as during the day with poor visibility (fog, blizzard and other adverse conditions). Signal lights installed on the barrier bars of mechanized barriers should be directed towards the road: when the barriers are closed - red signals (lights), when the barriers are open - transparent white signals (lights); in the direction of the railway paths - control transparent-white signals (lights) both in the open and in the closed position of the barriers.
Mechanized barriers are located at a distance of at least 8.5 and not more than 14 m from the outermost rail; automatic, semi-automatic and electric barriers - at a distance of at least 6, 8 and 10 m from the outer rail, depending on the length of the barrier bar (4; 6; 8 m). The normal position of automatic and semi-automatic barriers is open, and that of electric barriers and mechanized barriers is closed. In some cases, at crossings with heavy traffic of vehicles, as well as at crossings transferred for service to employees of other services, for electric barriers and mechanized barriers, the open position may be set as normal.
To protect the crossing during the repair of the track, structures and devices, spare horizontal-turning barriers of manual action are used, installed at a distance of at least 1 m from the main barriers in the direction of the highway and blocking its carriageway no less than the main ones. These barriers must have devices for fixing them in the open and closed positions and hanging a signal light. Barriers of barriers (main and spare) are painted with alternating stripes of red and white color, tilted (when viewed from the side of the road) to the right horizontally at an angle of 45-50 °. Strip width 500-600 mm. The end of the barrier bar must have a red stripe 250-300 mm wide. The bars of the barriers are equipped with red reflective devices.
To separate traffic flows of opposite directions on roads with several lanes in both directions, horizontal markings are applied at a distance of 100 m before crossings. The marking is also applied at a distance of at least 5 m from the barrier or traffic light, and in their absence - at a distance of at least 10 m from the nearest rail.
On the railway at crossings with attendants, special premises for attendants are being built - buildings of crossing posts with access along the railway. path towards the highway. From the side of the railway Exit paths must be guarded with railings.
All crossings of categories I and II, as well as categories III and IV, in the presence of longitudinal power supply lines or other permanent sources, must have electric lighting. Illumination within the crossing must be at least: I category - 5 lux; II category - 3 lux; Category III - 2 lux; IV category - 1 lux. In necessary cases, to inspect passing trains, crossings are equipped with floodlights. At crossings with attendants, radio communication is provided with train locomotive drivers, direct telephone communication with the nearest station or post, and at sections with dispatcher centralization - with a train dispatcher. The telephone call is supplemented by an external call (howler).

On roads before crossings equipped with signaling, traffic lights are installed with two horizontally located and alternately flashing red signals (Fig. 3.92). Traffic lights are installed on the right side in the direction of movement of vehicles. In some cases (depending on visibility conditions and traffic intensity) signals (lights) of traffic lights may be repeated on the opposite side of the road. At separate crossings without an attendant, according to the conditions approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia, a traffic signal is used with two alternating flashing red signals and one white-moon flashing signal, indicating that the movement of vehicles is allowed when the red signals are turned off (Fig. 3.92.6).

All drivers, before getting a license, thoroughly study the rules of the road, but the number of accidents is still growing every year. And sadly, many accidents occur precisely at the intersection of railway tracks - more often due to the fact that the driver ignores the sign of a railway crossing without a barrier.

What road signs are installed before the railway crossing

Road signs in front of railroad crossings are not always intuitive. And, if the icon of a locomotive in a triangle can be correctly interpreted even by those who are not familiar with traffic rules, then many people can interpret the depicted fence in different ways. Therefore, it is worth remembering which road signs are installed in front of such difficult sections of the road. Let's list the signs:

• 1.1 - indicates that there is a barrier. Also, a traffic light, sound alarm and barrier devices on the road can be installed on this site. Agree that it is not difficult to drive such a difficult section of the road with all these attributes correctly. And the barriers on the road will block the way even for the most notorious reckless drivers.

• 1.2 - indicates that there is no barrier here. Such signs outside settlements are used twice: first at a distance of one hundred and fifty to three hundred meters in front of a dangerous place, and then at least fifty meters before it.

• 1.3.1 - informs that there is a railway track ahead, on which only one train can move (single-track track).

• 1.3.2 - the railway has two or more gauges. This dangerous place it is necessary to move, observing additional safety rules, since there is a high probability of not noticing another train.

• 1.4.1, 1.4.2 and 1.4.3 - are located to the right of the road, and 1.4.1 has three red lines inclined to the right (indicates that it is from 150 to 300 m to the difficult section), 1.4.2 - two inclined (distance - 100 m) and 1.4.3 - one inclined (50 m).
• 1.4.4, 1.4.5 and 1.4.6 - to the left of the road, they show oblique "\" of this type. The number of slopes and the distance are identical, as described above.

• 2.5 - prohibits passage without first stopping the car.

Plates in the form 8.1.1 will additionally report the distance to the dangerous area.

Railway crossing sign without barrier

It is with this part of the theoretical information that it is worth understanding very carefully and strictly applying all the requirements in practice. It is important to know that the road workers took care to install the sign 1.2 together with the signs 1.4.1 (1.4.4) at a maximum distance of three hundred meters. This is considered a warning that it is worth preparing for the fact that a very difficult segment of the path lies ahead. You should be very attentive not only to the signs, but also to control the entire situation on the road. Additionally, other signs are also installed, if suddenly someone did not notice the first warning.

Fifty meters before the dangerous area, the main icon 1.2 will be placed with the pointer 1.4.3 on the right and 1.4.6 on the left.

Within the boundaries of settlements, such a sign is not often installed, only in cases where the railway is rarely used for trains. On the territory of cities and settlements, the sign "railway crossing without a barrier" (has No. 1.2) is used only once - fifty meters from the railway track.

Outside built-up areas, this sign is usually used twice. Such a badge can additionally be installed at a greater distance from the railway tracks - this will be reported by an additional plate 8.1.1. Dangerous areas can be equipped with an alarm (sound and light), as well as a traffic light. Great importance have pointers 1.3.1, 1.3.2. Provided that the railway track is multi-track, there is a possibility of not noticing another train after the first one is not completely out of sight.

Railway crossing sign with barrier

This sign, which has No. 1.1, as described above, is installed twice outside the settlements. It is also equipped with pointers in order from 1.4.1 to 1.4.6. The railway section at the place of passage for vehicles, which is indicated by the sign "railway crossing with a barrier", can be serviced by an attendant, or can be automated. Alarms are usually installed in dangerous areas, and barrier devices may also be raised.

When the barrier is raised, passage through the railway track is allowed. Must comply special rules to cross it. At this time, the so-called queue rule begins to operate. Whoever stands closer - he passes. It is not necessary to create congestion, even if there is no train nearby yet. Everyone is in a hurry and no one likes to stand extra time in front of the barrier.

Rules of passage through the railroad tracks

It is allowed to cross railway tracks only in specially designated places - at equipped crossings. If an unsafe place is not equipped with a barrier, then a sign is usually installed here indicating that it is necessary to stop (No. 2.5). The requirement must be met to ensure that there is no train nearby. In conditions of very poor visibility, it is still recommended to get out of the car in order to listen for whether the approaching train is beeping. Negligence and neglect of elementary safety rules is.

It is necessary to drive through the rails in low gear so that the car does not stall at the most dangerous moment. You should keep a distance from another car - before starting to move, you must wait for the car driving in front to completely cross the unsafe place. Stopping on the railway tracks is prohibited - it is very dangerous for life.

In the area between the icons 1.4.1 (on the left - 1.4.4) and 1.4.2 (on the left - 1.4.5), you should start decelerating; Only very slow moving vehicles are allowed to overtake. After the signs with two inclined stripes have passed, it is no longer possible to overtake vehicles that are moving and standing in front of the canvas. Passage through the rails is carried out in one row, if the road is single-lane.

On the site after the icon with one inclined strip, parking is prohibited, stopping (if necessary) is allowed. On the rails, you can not make a U-turn, overtake and stop on them. If there is more than one railway track, then passage immediately after the train has passed is prohibited, since another train may follow the other track. It is recommended to enter the rails only after the vehicle in front has completely crossed them. This is necessary in order to avoid a prohibited stop on the tracks, if the car in front stalls, barely passing dangerous area.

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Purpose and classification of railway crossings

For crossing railways at the same level with automobile, city and other types of roads and passing through the railway tracks of urban, automobile and horse-drawn transport, agricultural, road-building and other self-propelled vehicles, driving livestock, as well as the passage of pedestrians, they construct railway crossings. The intersections of railways with motor roads at the same level are established by the head of the road. The passage of vehicles and self-propelled vehicles, as well as the passage of livestock across the tracks in unspecified places, is prohibited; The duty to monitor the fulfillment of this requirement rests with the employees of the railway transport.

The main requirement for railway crossings- it's theirs working condition and good visibility. Visibility is considered satisfactory when, while being at a distance of 50 m or less from the crossing, the train approaching from any side is visible at least 400 m away, and the crossing is visible to the driver at least 1000 m away. To ensure greater traffic safety, the crossing railway with roads it is desirable to do at right angles. In difficult conditions, this angle can be reduced to 60°.

The arrangement of crossings through the station tracks is possible only in places that do not affect the useful length of the tracks and active exhaust and running tracks. The device for moving in the necks of local stations from the side of the traction economy is not recommended, since this place of the station is the most loaded movement of locomotives and shunting work.

Within the station, it is desirable to place crossings between the entrance signal and the entrance arrow, this ensures free passage of vehicles in the event of an arriving train stopping at a closed entrance signal. In relation to turnouts, crossings are located at a distance of no closer than 5 m from the wits or from the root of the cross, which guarantees the arrows from clogging. From the end of the passenger platforms, the crossing should be no closer than 100 m.

Railroad crossings subdivided into the following categories:

I - crossings at the intersection of the railway with motor roads of categories I and II; with streets and roads with regular bus, tram or trolleybus traffic; when crossing four or more main paths.

II - crossings at the intersection of the railway with highways of category III; with roads and streets having regular bus traffic, but with an intensity of less than 8 train-buses per hour during peak hours; with city streets that do not have trolleybus or bus traffic; with motor roads, when the largest daily work of the crossing exceeds 50 thousand train crews; at the intersection of three main paths.

III - crossings at the intersection of the railway with motor and horse-drawn roads with the highest daily work of more than 10 thousand train crews and satisfactory visibility and more than 1 thousand train crews with unsatisfactory visibility, if according to all other indicators they cannot be attributed to moving I and II categories.

IV - all other crossings at the intersection of the railway with low-traffic roads.

Crossings of categories I and II are routinely replaced by crossings at different levels (bypasses). It is not allowed to build new crossings of category I or open tram or trolleybus traffic on existing ones in any case.

Depending on the intensity and speed of trains and road transport, equipment with automation devices and visibility conditions, crossings are divided into guarded and unguarded. Crossings of I and II categories and partially of III category are serviced around the clock by duty officers for crossings. Guarded are also crossings within the stations with a large shunting work.

Responsibilities of a moving attendant- Ensuring the safe movement of trains and road transport at the crossing. He must open and close the crossing in a timely manner, give the established signals, monitor the condition of passing trains and, in case of detection of malfunctions that threaten traffic safety, take measures to stop them.

Arrangement and equipment of crossings

Railroad crossings must be(Fig. 1):

• typical reinforced concrete or wooden flooring;
• entrances;
• barriers blocking completely or partially the carriageway of the road, with signal lights on the barrier bars;
• clearance gates (on electrified lines) with a width not less than the width of the crossing, and a height of not more than 4.5 m, in order to prevent the possibility of a break or short circuit of the contact wire with bulky loads;
• warning signs "Beware of the train" from the side of the highway, installed 20 m from the nearest rail, and signal signs "C" (whistle) from the side of the approach of trains.

The width of the railway crossing is taken equal to the width of the carriageway, but not less than 6 m, which allows simultaneous two-way traffic. As an exception, until the reorganization, crossings from carriageway not less than 4.5 m, but the passage of agricultural vehicles on such crossings is not allowed.

Rice. one - General form guarded railway crossing: 1 - crossing post; 2 - railings (fences); 3 - automatic barrier; 4 - spare barriers (manual); 5 - overall gate; 6 - warning sign "Beware of the train"; 7 - road sign "Railway crossing with a barrier"; eight - culvert; 9 - columns; 10 - tubes for installing portable red signals; 11 - barrier traffic light; 12 - reinforced concrete slabs flooring; 13 - signal sign "C"

Entrances to the crossing are fenced with posts installed on the sides of the highway. Columns depending on local conditions set for at least 16 m, and if the height of the embankment of entrances is more than 1 m - throughout the entire length of such an embankment every 1.5 m. A railing is arranged between the railway track and the barriers. If livestock is often driven along crossings, then, if necessary, the railings are replaced by fences, and barrier nets are hung from the barriers.

Along the track rails for the free passage of the crests of the wheels of the rolling stock, gutters 75-95 mm wide and at least 45 mm deep are arranged; in curves with a radius of less than 600 m, the width of the gutter is increased to 110 mm. To prevent tractor caterpillars or metal sledge skids from shorting the electric rail circuits, the top of the flooring between the track rails is arranged 30-40 mm above the rail heads.

On each side of the crossing, the road must have horizontal platforms at least 15 m from the outer rail when the crossing is located in a recess (Fig. 2, a) and at least 15 m - on the embankment (Fig. 2, b). Approaches to the sites should not be steeper than 0.05 and should have an asphalt, concrete or stone surface.

Rice. 2 - Longitudinal profile of the railway crossing: a- in the recess; b- on the embankment

barriers installed on both sides of the crossing at a distance not closer than 8.5 m from the outermost rail. The height of the barrier in the closed position is 1.25 m. In case of two-way traffic on the crossing, the barrier must block on the right side for the movement of vehicles up to 2/3 of the width of the carriageway, and on the left side there may be an unblocked part of the road with a width of no more than 3 m. of the carriageway for at least 20 m from the barriers to the side of the road is applied with white paint " centerlines» not less than 0.1 m wide. Lanterns on barrier bars of barriers, when they are closed, show red light in the direction of the auto-drawn road, and when open - transparent white.

Barriers happen automatic action and manual control. When a train approaches, at crossings with automatic barriers and automatic traffic signaling, the sound signal, red flashing lights light up at the barriers and traffic lights that protect the crossing from the side of the approach of road transport, and after a while, sufficient for the removal of cars from the crossing, the barriers automatically close.

Automatic alert signaling apply also at barriers of manual control. When a train approaches, it gives sound and light signals. The signaling start time is calculated so that the crossing can be released before the train arrives. Automatic signaling traffic lights are installed on the side of the highway on the right side no closer than 6 m from the extreme rail. Traffic light or sound alert automatic alarm all crossings of I and II categories must be equipped, and depending on the intensity and speed of trains and road transport and visibility conditions - and crossings of III and IV categories.

The equipment of railway crossings with barriers is of great importance. traffic lights(Fig. 3), which are installed on the right side of the railway track at a distance of at least 15 m and not more than 800 m from the crossing. The red light on them is turned on by pressing a button if there is an obstacle to the movement of trains at the crossing. Entrance, exit, checkpoint and route traffic lights located at the same distance from the crossing can be used as barriers, if the visibility of the crossing from the place of their installation is provided.

Rice. 3 - Barrier traffic light

The mechanized barrier is actuated by the person on duty at the crossing. The normal position of automatic barriers is open; they are closed only for the duration of the passage of each train, and non-automatic - closed. These barriers open only when it is necessary and possible to pass through the crossing automobile transport, agricultural machinery or livestock. In some cases, at crossings with heavy traffic, the normal open position of non-automatic barriers can be set.

All guarded crossings must have direct telephone connection with the nearest station or post (on sections with dispatcher centralization - with the train dispatcher on duty) or radio communication. All crossings of categories I and II, as well as the rest, if they are located near permanent sources of energy supply, must have electric lighting. Movement through the railway crossing of bulky vehicles, agricultural, road, construction, low-speed and other machines and mechanisms, transportation of especially heavy loads (large factory equipment, powerful transformers, bridge trusses, and so on) are allowed in each individual case only with the permission of the relevant persons and under the supervision of the road foreman or foreman of the track, and on electrified sections with a height of the transported load of more than 4.5 m and in the presence of a representative of the distance of the contact network.

Railway crossings are places where both trains and locomotives, as well as automobile and other transport, move.

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The requirements for railway crossings are to equip them with appropriate devices (barriers and others) and service by duty officers, who must strictly follow the rules in their work.

General provisions

The railway at the place of its intersection with the highway forms a crossing. In this zone, the movement of vehicles is regulated.

For this purpose, barriers, traffic lights, signs are installed on the road in many cases (regulated intersection), and a duty officer works.

In other cases (unregulated intersection, usually outside the boundaries of settlements), only a “Stop” sign is installed, suggesting the obligation of the driver to stop in front of the rails and establish that the crossing is safe.

Basic concepts

A railroad crossing is an area where a road at one level crosses one or more railroad tracks.

The equipment of the crossing includes barriers, warning and signal signs, clearance gates.

Vehicles traveling on the road include primarily automobile and urban vehicles (buses and trolleybuses), but also agricultural, horse-drawn and road construction vehicles.

Vehicles traveling by rail are primarily trains, but also separately locomotives and, in addition, railcars.

Purpose of appointment

The purpose of a railroad crossing is to allow all vehicles, as well as cyclists, herdsmen and pedestrians, to cross the railroad tracks.

Due to the presence of such sections outside this zone, it is prohibited by law to run or cross the railway.

What regulations govern

Among the legal acts that regulate the functioning of the railway crossing, we should mention:

• regulations traffic(SDA);
• regulations technical operation(abbreviated as PTE) of the railway;
• instructions for the operation of railway crossings.

Sanctions for violation of traffic rules are established in.

The standards related to the characteristics of the equipment, the requirements that exist for moving, are introduced by the following documents:

Requirements for railroad crossings

The main requirements for these areas are their defect-free condition in accordance with the regulations and a high (or at least acceptable) level of visibility.

As an acceptable level of visibility, a situation is considered when the driver, at a distance of fifty meters before the crossing, is able to see the train that is moving towards the crossing and is himself at a distance of four hundred meters from it.

For his part, the driver of a train or locomotive must have a railway crossing in his field of vision, already when he is a kilometer away from it.

It is determined that the desired angle between the railway tracks and the road should be straight (90o).

If necessary, it is allowed to make this angle different, but so that it is at least 60 degrees.

The width of the crossing must coincide with the carriageway of the route. It cannot be less than six meters. In this case, the movement of cars and all other categories of transport is allowed on both sides.

A deviation from this rule is allowed, in which the width of the crossing is only 4.5 meters, provided that the railway tracks do not cross agricultural vehicles on it. All other categories of transport are allowed to move along such a crossing through the railway.

Statement by device

It has been established that the intersection of the road and the railway is allowed where the crossing will not affect the useful length of the tracks and on the tracks that serve to perform maneuvers for the formation of trains and their disbandment, as well as for the movement of locomotives from the depot to the train and its return to the depot .

If we are talking about creating a crossing within the railway station, then it is recommended to equip it on the segment between the input signal and the input arrow.

Thus, automobile and other vehicles will be able to move freely through the intersection, since arriving trains will stop at the closed entrance signal.

In relation to the turnout, the crossing should be placed at a distance of at least 5 meters from the wits. In this case, it will be possible to avoid clogging of the arrows during movement.

It is undesirable to place a crossing in the neck of the station, since the movement of trains is very intensive in this zone, and numerous train maneuvers are also performed here.

What equipment should be

The railway crossing is required to be equipped with equipment from the following list:

On the path of non-public use

A non-public railway track is a railway access track that is designed for operation in the course of servicing certain organizations.

It adjoins public roads directly or through a special access road.

It has been established that the arrangement of the crossing on the tracks of this category is carried out in accordance with general requirements to moving, including in terms of the required equipment.

To regulated crossings

At such crossings, by definition, a barrier is installed on the right on both sides of the road, which makes them adjustable.

Photo: sign 1.1 Railway crossing with a barrier

The distance between the barrier and the first rail that the vehicle needs to cross from that side must be at least 8.5 meters.

When closed, the barrier must reach a height of up to 1.25 meters. On a two-way road, the barrier must cover up to 2/3 of its width, while its unblocked part must not exceed 3 meters.

The axial median line should be marked on the road surface for 20 meters from the barrier in the direction from the railway tracks.

This line should be 10 centimeters wide and the proper color is white. The lantern placed on the beam of the barrier must face the driver, whose movement the barrier regulates.

When the barrier is lowered, the lantern should glow red; when it is raised, the lantern should glow white.
It is defined that by default the automatic barrier should be in open mode.

Against, hand device must be kept closed. If it is the second option that is equipped at the crossing, then it is assumed that the duty officer opens the barrier only if necessary to let cars or agricultural machinery through.

It is also possible to accept the open position as the default position for a manual barrier if heavy traffic is observed at this intersection.

Along with barriers, other equipment is used at controlled crossings.

Thus, a traffic light with automatic signaling for drivers is placed to the right of the highway at a distance of at least 6 meters from the first rail in relation to the driver.

Photo: traffic light at a railway crossing

This traffic light without fail it is required to equip at crossings that belong to the first and second categories.

At the same time, at crossings classified as the third or fourth category, such traffic lights are placed provided that there is heavy traffic and a significant speed of passing this zone by trains and cars and other categories of transport.

Barrage traffic lights are also installed for drivers. They are placed according to right side from railway tracks, in the range from 15 to 800 meters of distance from the crossing.

A controlled crossing should be equipped with telephones, if it is impossible to install this species communication information exchange is carried out by means of telephone communication.

Crossings, which are assigned the first and second categories, are equipped with electric lighting.

At crossings of the remaining two categories, the use of such lighting is carried out if there are nearby sources of sufficient power.

On the road, when approaching a regulated crossing, sign 1.1 is put up. If the move lies outside locality, the required distance to install the sign is 150–300 meters to the intersection.

In the case when the crossing is located inside the settlement, the sign is placed at a distance of 50–100 meters from the tracks.

Without barrier

At a crossing without a barrier, otherwise called unregulated, a number of the above-mentioned devices are accordingly absent. It does not have a barrier and other means of signaling, there is no person on duty.

When driving along such an intersection, the driver vehicle is obliged to act in accordance with the requirements, while observing every precaution.

The driver is warned about approaching this zone by sign 1.2. It is also required to install it outside the settlement at a distance of 150-300 meters from the railway tracks, and within the boundaries of the settlement - at a distance of 50-100 meters.

Photo: sign 1.2 Railway crossing without barrier

At the same time, in practice, in the vast majority of cases, a crossing without a barrier is arranged in places located at a distance from any settlements.

Directly in front of the railway tracks at such a crossing, a sign is placed, 2.5 (Stop), prohibiting movement without stopping.

Photo: stop sign at a railway crossing

The driver must stop in front of this sign on the stop line and determine if the train is approaching the intersection.

Demand from employees of these paths

Employees who service moving must meet the appropriate requirements.

Before taking office, they are required to complete training in a specialty program approved by the Department of Personnel in consultation with the Office of Tracks and Facilities. After preparation, the level of knowledge of the applicant is checked.

Video: movement through the railway tracks

Who is responsible for the breach

Responsibility for non-compliance with regulations relating to the maintenance of crossings lies with the relevant personnel.

In other words, it is provided for employees whose official duties include maintaining crossings in proper condition, including:

Also, these employees are responsible if they themselves create a threat to traffic safety.

What punishment awaits the driver for non-compliance with safety rules when driving through intersections

The penalties for a driver who fails to comply with the rules relating to crossing railroad crossings are contained in the Code of Administrative Offenses. In the general case, the sanction will be a fine, which is 1000 rubles.

However, when it comes to:

• parking or stopping directly at the intersection;
• driving at a prohibitory traffic light or an indication of a duty officer;
• movement, when the barrier is in the lowered position or has already begun to lower,
  then an alternative sanction is provided along with a fine of 1000 rubles, namely from 3 to 6 months of deprivation of rights.

The choice in this case is at the discretion of the person imposing an administrative penalty (traffic police inspector).

In addition, for violations from the above list, a more severe sanction for a second violation is applied, namely the deprivation of a driver's license for up to a year without a fine as an alternative.

The railway crossing is an integral part of the country's infrastructure. And traffic through it, as well as on other sections of roads, is regulated by the relevant articles of the SDA.

At the same time, the railway crossing is a place of increased danger. Therefore, in relation to these sections of roads, more stringent traffic rules are provided.

A railroad crossing is a section of a motorway that intersects at the same level as a railroad track. On this section of the road, special signs are always installed warning of danger.

According to the rules of passage at railway crossings, it is possible to cross the railway track only in the places designated for this. Neglect of this rule is punishable by fines or deprivation of a driver's license for up to 6 months.

True, many motorists still violate the norms of crossing the railway. This can be partly explained by the fact that trains do not always run on the tracks. Accordingly, drivers, seeing a free road and trying to reach their destination faster, deliberately violate the rules of moving. Such actions require separate consideration.

Railway crossings are of two main types:

1. Adjustable.

This type is equipped with identification marks and special designs, which also serve as warning signals:

• traffic lights;
• barrier;
• a shield preventing further passage.

At regulated crossings, a duty booth is installed, which regulates the traffic flow in this section. In addition, when a train approaches, an audible alarm is activated.

1. Unregulated.

This type of crossing is not equipped with the above structures. However, appropriate road signs are also installed near it, notifying the driver, in particular, of the need to make a stop before driving through the railway track.

List of railroad signs

As already mentioned, a railway crossing, regardless of what type it belongs to, is necessarily equipped with special road signs. Their absence gives the driver grounds to challenge the decision of the inspector to issue a fine in cases where the first does not comply with the rules for crossing these sections of the motorway.

The first road sign, which appears in the rules under the index 1.4.1, was installed approximately 150-300 meters before the railway roadbed.

It has three red slashes. A sign with index 1.2 is also placed on the same support in cases where the tracks are not equipped with a barrier. It is from this point that the driver should start decelerating. Overtaking of slow moving cars is still allowed here. To keep road signs always visible to the motorist, they are duplicated on the other side of the motorway.

The second sign with index 1.4.1 and two inclined lanes is installed at a distance of 100-200 meters from the railway track. Overtaking is prohibited on this section of the motorway.

Crossing of crossings is carried out only in one line. If the width of the highway allows organizing multi-lane traffic, appropriate markings are applied to the road, and additional signs are installed next to it.

The third sign with the same index and one inclined strip is mounted at a distance of 50-100 meters.

On this stretch, not only overtaking is prohibited, but also parking. However, if the need arises, the driver has the right to make a stop. In cases where a barrier is provided, sign 1.2 is additionally installed.

Prohibited actions

Near the railway track it is prohibited:

• turn the car around;
• make overtaking;
• move backwards;
• stop the car.

Directly in front of the rails, additional road signs with indexes 1.3.1 or 1.3.2 must be placed. They indicate the width of the railway track. The first type of sign reports a single-track road, the second - a multi-track one.

This rule applies to all types of railway tracks:

• it is allowed to start moving towards the railroad tracks only when the vehicle in front has crossed them.

This is due to the fact that the first car can, for some reason, stop right behind the rails. Accordingly, the vehicle traveling behind will brake directly on the railway track.

Crossing the railway road is prohibited:

• if the moving train is within sight;
• the barrier is closed;
• at the traffic light, a prohibitory signal lit up;
• the attendant gives a prohibiting signal;
• immediately after the crossing there is a traffic jam.

These rules are set out in the relevant legislative norms and their violation is punishable by fines.

Stop must be made near:

• stop sign;
• at the stop line.

In the absence of these signs, the stop is made:

• 5 meters before the barrier;
• 10 meters to the railway line.

Features of the railway crossing

It is necessary to cross railway crossings at the maximum possible speed. In this case, it is recommended to take into account the quality of the roadway. Movement through the tracks should be done strictly at a right angle.

When a traffic light and a barrier fail, the duties of the traffic flow controller at the railway crossing are taken over by the person on duty.

If sign 1.3.2 is installed on this section of the road, then it is strictly forbidden to cross the tracks immediately after the train has passed. It is necessary that the train retire to a distance that allows you to inspect the second track for an approaching oncoming train.

Quite often, crossings are equipped with a special sign 2.5. It signals that crossing this section of the motorway is possible only after the car has come to a complete stop. It is necessary to make it in order to make sure that there are no approaching trains. In order to avoid an accident, this action is recommended to be performed regardless of the presence of certain warning signs, barriers, etc.

When moving at night and in fog, it will not be superfluous to stop in front of the tracks and go outside, listening to the sounds of an approaching train.

Car stalled on the road

When crossing railroad tracks, there is a possibility that the vehicle will suddenly stall.

In the event of such a situation, it is necessary to remove the car from the rails as soon as possible.

But before that, you need to enable alarm and take passengers to a safe distance from the tracks. If there is a booth on duty at the crossing, the latter must be informed about what happened. He can warn oncoming trains of a problem, and they will slow down a bit.

In cases where the train is already approaching the place where the car stalled, the driver should make circular movements with his hand, thereby signaling to the driver that an unexpected obstacle has arisen on the tracks. The latter in such circumstances begins to reduce the speed of the train.

Penalties