Cn fire extinguishing design. Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules. Some digression into international experience

SP 5.13130.2013 Fire protection systems. Settings fire alarm and automatic fire extinguishers. Design norms and rules

1. 1 area of ​​use
2. 2. Regulatory references
3. 3. Terms, definitions, designations and abbreviations
4. 4. Abbreviations
5. 5. General provisions
6. 6. Water and foam fire extinguishing installations
7. 7. Fire extinguishing installations with high expansion foam
8. 8. Robotic fire extinguishing systems
9. 9. Gas fire extinguishing installations
10. 10. Powder fire extinguishing installations of modular type
11. 11. Aerosol fire extinguishing installations
12. 12. Autonomous fire extinguishing installations
13. 13. Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations
14. 14. Fire alarm systems
15. 15. The relationship of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment objects
16. 16. Power supply of fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations
17. 17. Protective earth and nulling. Safety requirements
18. 18. General considerations for selection technical means fire automatics
19. Appendix A List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms
20. Appendix B Groups of premises (industries and technological processes) according to the degree of fire hazard, depending on their functional purpose and fire load of combustible materials
21. Appendix B Method for calculating the parameters of AFS during surface fire extinguishing with water and low expansion foam
22. Appendix D Method for calculating the parameters of fire extinguishing installations with high-expansion foam
23. Appendix D. Initial data for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents
24. Appendix E Method for calculating the mass of a gas fire extinguishing agent for gas fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing by volumetric method
25. Annex G. Technique for hydraulic calculation of low pressure carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations
26. Appendix H Method for calculating the area of ​​the opening for relieving excess pressure in rooms protected by gas fire extinguishing installations
27. Appendix I. General provisions for the calculation of powder fire extinguishing installations of a modular type
28. Appendix K. Method for calculating automatic aerosol fire extinguishing installations
29. Annex L. Method for calculating overpressure when supplying fire-extinguishing aerosol to a room
30. Application M. The choice of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load
31. Annex H. Places of installation of manual fire detectors depending on the purpose of buildings and premises
32. Appendix O. Determination of the set time for the detection of a malfunction and its elimination
33. Annex P. Distances from the upper overlap point to the measuring element of the detector
34. Appendix R. Methods for improving the reliability of a fire signal
35. Appendix C. The use of fire detectors in the equipment of automatic fire alarms in residential buildings
36. Bibliography

FOREWORD

Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the development rules - by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 No. 858 "On the Procedure for the Development and Approval of Codes of Rules".

The application of SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" ensures compliance with the requirements for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those built in areas with special climatic and natural conditions established by the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ " Technical regulation on fire safety requirements.

Information about the set of rules SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules":

• DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Federal State budget institution"All-Russian Order" Badge of Honor "Research Institute of Fire Defense" (FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)
• APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Order of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences natural Disasters(Russian Emergency Situations Ministry)
• REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
• IN REPLACEMENT

1 AREA OF USE

1.1 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" establishes norms and rules for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm installations.

1.2 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" applies to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those built in areas with special climatic and natural conditions. The list of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms is given in Appendix A.

1.3 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" does not apply to the design of automatic fire extinguishing installations:

• buildings and structures designed according to special standards;
• technological installations located outside buildings;
• warehouse buildings with mobile racks;
• warehouse buildings for storing products in aerosol packaging;
• warehouse buildings with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m;
• cable structures;
• reservoirs of petroleum products.

1.4 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" does not apply to the design of fire extinguishing installations for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:

• reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals and etc.);
• decomposing when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of combustible gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides, etc.);
• interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite, etc.);
• spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).

1.5 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" can be used in the development of special specifications for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm installations.

Other documents

SP 7.13130.2009 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire requirements

PDF, 211.3 KB

1. Automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations must be installed in buildings and structures in accordance with the design documentation developed and approved in the prescribed manner. Automatic fire extinguishing installations must be provided with:

1) the estimated amount of fire extinguishing agent sufficient to extinguish a fire in a protected room, building or structure;

(see text in previous edition)

2) a device for monitoring the operability of the installation;

3) a device for alerting people about a fire, as well as the personnel on duty and (or) the fire department about the place of its occurrence;

4) a device for delaying the supply of gas and powder fire extinguishing agents for the time necessary to evacuate people from the fire room;

5) a device for manually starting a fire extinguishing installation, with the exception of fire extinguishing installations equipped with sprinklers (sprayers) equipped with locks triggered by impact dangerous factors fire.

(see text in previous edition)

2. The method of supplying a fire-extinguishing agent to the fire site should not lead to an increase in the fire area due to spillage, splashing or spraying of combustible materials and to the release of combustible and toxic gases.

3. In project documentation for the installation of automatic fire extinguishing installations, measures must be taken to remove the fire extinguishing agent from the room, building and structure after it has been supplied.

(see text in previous edition)

4. Automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations, depending on the algorithm developed during their design, should provide automatic fire detection, supply of control signals to the technical means of alerting people about a fire and managing the evacuation of people, control devices for fire extinguishing installations, technical means of controlling the smoke protection system, engineering and technological equipment.

(see text in previous edition)

5. Automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations should provide automatic informing of the personnel on duty about the occurrence of a malfunction in the communication lines between the individual technical means that are part of the installations.

(see text in previous edition)

6. Fire detectors and other means of fire detection should be located in the protected room in such a way as to ensure timely fire detection at any point in this room.

(see text in previous edition)

7. Fire alarm systems must provide light and sound signals about the occurrence of a fire on the control panel in the premises of the staff on duty or on special remote warning devices, and in buildings of functional classes fire hazard F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, F4.2 - with duplication of these signals to the control panel of the fire department without the participation of employees of the facility and (or) the organization broadcasting this signal.

We bring to your attention the answers to questions in accordance with GOST R 53325-2009 and the Code of Rules (SP 5.13130.2009), which are given by specialists of the Federal State Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia Vladimir Leonidovich Zdor, Deputy Head of the Research Center for Fire and Rescue Equipment, and Andrey Arkadievich Kosachev, Deputy Head of the Research Center for Fire Prevention and Fire Emergency Prevention.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

GOST R 53325-2009

clause 4.2.5.5. “... If it is possible to externally switch the technical characteristics of fire detectors, the following requirements must be met:

- each value of the set technical characteristic must correspond to a certain marking on the fire detector, or this value must be available for control with the control panel;
- after mounting the fire detector, there should not be direct access to the adjustment means.

Question: If non-addressed smoke detector has 3 levels of sensitivity programmed from an external remote control, in what form should this be reflected on the detector label?

Answer: The marking of the detector, if it is possible to adjust its sensitivity, is applied at the location of the adjustment element. If the detector is adjusted from an external control panel, then information about the set value must be read either from the control panel or from the service equipment (the same external control panel).

clause 4.9.1.5. "... The components of the IPDL (receiver and transmitter of a two-component IPDL and the transceiver of a single-component IPDL) must have adjustment devices that allow you to change the angle of inclination of the axis of the optical beam and the aperture of directivity of the IPDL in the vertical and horizontal planes."

Question: Most likely, did you mean “IPDL pattern”?

Answer: There is definitely a typo in the text. It should read "beam pattern".

clause 4.9.3. "Methods for certification testing of optical-electronic line fire smoke detectors." 4.9.3.1. “... Determining the threshold of operation of the IPDL and interrupting the optical beam of the IPDL is carried out as follows. Using a set of optical attenuators, installed as close as possible to the receiver to minimize scattering effects in the attenuators, the detector threshold is determined by successively increasing the attenuation of the optical beam. If, after installing the attenuator, within no more than 10 s, the IPDL generates a “Fire” signal, then the value of the detector response threshold is fixed. The threshold value of each detector is determined once.
IPDL transferred to standby mode. An opaque partition blocks the optical beam for a time (1.0 ± 0.1 s). Control the preservation of IPDL standby mode. Then, the optical beam is blocked with an opaque partition for a time of 2.0 ± 2.5 s. The issuance of the IPDL signal "Fault" is controlled.
The IPDL is considered to have passed the test if the measured response thresholds meet the requirements specified in 4.9.1.1, the ratio of the maximum and minimum response thresholds does not exceed 1.6, the IPDL retained the standby mode when the optical beam was blocked for a time (1.0 ± 0.1) s and issued a notification "Fault" when the optical beam was blocked for a time (2.0 ± 0.1) s.

Question: Why does clause 4.9.1.10 of this document state the requirement “more than 2 s”, but here the range is (2.0 ± 0.1) s?

Answer: An error has been made while editing the document. The time value indicated in paragraph 3 of the clause ((2.0 ± 0.1) s) should be read as in paragraph 2 ((2.0 ± 2.5) s).

clause 4.10.1.2. “... In terms of sensitivity, aspiration detectors should be divided into three classes:

- class A - high sensitivity (less than 0.035 dB / m);
- class B - hypersensitivity(in the range from 0.035 to 0.088 dB / m);
- class C - standard sensitivity (more than 0.088 dB/m").

Question: Is it correct to understand that this paragraph refers to the sensitivity of the detector processing unit itself, and not the sensitivity of the hole?

Answer: The sensitivity of the aspiration detector cannot be considered separately: the sensitivity of the hole and the sensitivity of the processing unit, since this detector is a single technical tool. It should be noted that smoky air can enter the processing unit from more than one opening.

clause 6.2.5.2. "...Fire annunciators should not have external volume controls."

Question: What is the reason for this requirement?

Answer: The volume level created by voice annunciators is regulated by the requirements of clause 6.2.1.9. The presence of a volume control available for unauthorized access negates the fulfillment of the requirement of this paragraph.

clause 7.1.14. “... FACPs interacting with fire detectors via a radio channel communication line must ensure the reception and processing of the transmitted value of the controlled fire factor, analysis of the dynamics of this factor change and decision-making about the occurrence of a fire or a malfunction of the detector.”

Question: Does this requirement mean that all radio channel fire detectors must be analog?

Answer: The requirement applies to the control panel, not to the detectors.

SP 5.13130.20099

clause 13.2. "Requirements for the organization of fire alarm control zones."

clause 13.2.1.“... With one fire alarm loop with fire detectors (one pipe for air sampling in the case of an aspiration detector), which does not have an address, it is allowed to equip a control zone, including:

- premises located on no more than two interconnected floors, with a total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises of 300 m2 or less;
- up to ten isolated and adjacent premises with a total area of ​​not more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while the isolated premises must have access to a common corridor, hall, vestibule, etc.;
- up to twenty isolated and adjacent rooms with a total area of ​​​​not more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, vestibule, etc., if there is a remote light signaling of fire detectors above entrance to each controlled room;
- conventional fire alarm loops should unite the premises in accordance with their division into protection zones. In addition, fire alarm loops must connect the premises in such a way that the time for determining the place of fire by the on-duty personnel with semi-automatic control does not exceed 1/5 of the time, after which it is possible to safely evacuate people and extinguish the fire. If the specified time exceeds the given value, the control shall be automatic.
Maximum amount non-address fire detectors powered by an alarm loop must ensure the registration of all notifications provided for in the control panel used.

Question: Maximum number of rooms controlled by one aspirating detector pipe?

Answer: One aspiration detector can protect as many rooms located in accordance with clause 13.2.1 as one unaddressed wired alarm loop with fire point detectors, taking into account the area protected by one aspiration detector.

clause 13.9.4. “... When installing pipes of aspiration smoke fire detectors in rooms with a width of less than 3 m, or under a raised floor, or above a false ceiling and in other spaces with a height of less than 1.7 m, the distances between the air sampling pipes and the wall indicated in Table 13.6 may be increased by 1, 5 times."

Question: Does this item also allow a distance increase of 1.5 times between the air sampling holes in the pipes?

Answer: The location of the air sampling openings, as well as their size, in the aspiration detector is determined by technical specifications these detectors, taking into account the aerodynamics of the air flow in the pipes and near the air sampling openings. As a rule, information about this is calculated using a mathematical apparatus developed by the manufacturer of the aspiration detector.

GOST R 53325-2009 and SP 5.13130.2009: contradictions

1. Stability of technical means to electromagnetic interference.

To exclude equipment failures, including false alarms of fire protection systems, in terms of electromagnetic compatibility, our country has a fairly serious regulatory framework. On the other hand, in the Code of Rules of SP 5.13130.2009, its developers remained in their old positions: clause 13.14.2. "... Fire control devices, fire control devices and other equipment operating in fire automation installations and systems must be resistant to electromagnetic interference with a degree of rigidity not lower than the second according to GOST R 53325."

Question: Do the detectors belong to the above "other equipment"?

(In all European countries the standard EN 50130-4-95 applies. This standard establishes requirements for electromagnetic compatibility for absolutely all security systems (OPS, ACS, SOT, SOUE, ISO), including fire alarms and automation).

Question: The lower limit of compliance with the requirements of this technical safety equipment standard is our Russian 3rd degree of rigidity?

Answer: In the National Standard GOST R 51699-2000 “The compatibility of technical means is electromagnetic. Immunity to electromagnetic interference of technical means burglar alarm. Requirements and test methods» harmonization with the above EN 50130-4-95 was carried out, which once again proves the inexpediency of using in modern conditions electromagnetic environment of technical facilities with the 2nd degree of rigidity as the main sources of failures in systems.

Question: In accordance with what recommendations can and should the required degree of rigidity be chosen in order to fulfill the requirements of paragraph 17.3 of SP5.13130.2009 "Technical means of fire automatics must have parameters and designs that ensure safe and normal functioning under the influence of their environment"?

Answer: Resistance of technical means (TS) to electromagnetic interference (EMI).

To increase the protection of the vehicle from EMF, it is necessary to complicate both the electrical circuit diagram, and the design of the vehicle, which leads to their rise in price. There are objects where the EMF level is very low. The use of vehicles with a high degree of EMF protection at such facilities becomes economically unprofitable. When a designer chooses a TS for a particular object, the degree of rigidity of the TS execution in terms of EMC should be selected taking into account the magnitude of the EMF at the object according to generally accepted methods.

2. Fire tests of fire detectors.

Questions:

a) Why, when transferring the requirements of GOST R 50898 “Fire detectors. Fire tests" in Annex H of GOST R 53325 "Fire fighting equipment. Technical means of fire automatics. General technical requirements. Test Methods” from the procedure for conducting fire tests, were graphs of the dependence of optical density on the concentration of combustion products and the optical density of the medium on time (Fig. L1-L.12) for test fires removed? The lack of control over the development of test fires will allow accredited testing laboratories to make incorrect measurements, which can discredit the tests themselves?

b) Why did the procedure for placing the tested detectors disappear from the procedure for conducting fire tests?

c) In paragraph 13.1.1 of the Code of Rules of the joint venture

5.13130.2009 provides that: "... It is recommended to select the type of a point smoke detector in accordance with its sensitivity to various types of smoke." At the same time, in the procedure for conducting fire tests, Appendix H of GOST R 53325 removes the classification of detectors according to sensitivity to test fires. Is it justified? There was good technique choice.

Answer: The introduction of simplification into the process of conducting fire tests in comparison with the provisions of GOST R 50898 was made in order to reduce their cost. As practice has shown, the test results according to Annex H of GOST R 53325 and GOST R 50898 have minor discrepancies and do not significantly affect the content of the test conclusions.

3. Fire detectors, installation rules.

In SP 5.13130.2009 Appendix P there is a table with distances from the upper overlap point to the measuring element of the detector at different angles ceiling slope and room height. A reference to Appendix P is given in clause 13.3.4: “Point fire detectors should be installed under the ceiling. If it is not possible to install the detectors directly on the ceiling, they can be installed on cables, as well as walls, columns and other load-bearing building structures. When installing point detectors on walls, they should be placed at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the corner and at a distance from the ceiling in accordance with Appendix II. The distance from the top point of the ceiling to the detector at its installation site and depending on the height of the room and the shape of the ceiling can be determined in accordance with Appendix P or at other heights, if the detection time is sufficient to perform fire protection tasks in accordance with GOST 12.1.004, which must be confirmed by calculation ... ".

Questions:

Answer: Point fire detectors should include point heat, smoke and gas fire detectors.

b) What distances from the ceiling to the measuring element of the detector are recommended when detectors are installed near the ridge and near the sloping ceiling in the middle part of the room? In which case is it recommended to adhere to the minimum distances, and in which maximum - according to Appendix P?

Answer: In places where the convective flow “flows”, for example, under the “horse”, the distance from the ceiling is chosen large according to Appendix P.

c) At angles of inclination of the overlap up to 15 arc. deg., and consequently, for horizontal ceilings, minimum distances from the ceiling to the measuring element of the detector, recommended in Appendix P, are from 30 to 150 mm, depending on the height of the room. In this regard, is it recommended to install the detectors directly on the ceiling using brackets to meet the recommendations given in Appendix P?

d) Which document contains the methodology for calculating the performance of fire protection tasks, in accordance with GOST 12.1.004, when installing detectors at other heights than those recommended in Appendix P?

e) How should the deviation from the requirements of paragraph 13.5.1 of SP5 in terms of the height of the installation of the IDPL be confirmed, and where is the methodology for carrying out the calculations indicated in the note?

Answer (d, e): The method for determining the time of occurrence of the limit values ​​of fire hazards that are dangerous to a person at the level of his head is given in Appendix 2 of GOST 12.1.004.
The time of fire detection by fire detectors is carried out according to the same method, taking into account the height of their location and the values ​​​​of fire hazards at which the detectors are triggered.

f) Upon detailed consideration of the requirements of clause 13.3.8 of SP5, there are obvious contradictions in the content of tables 13.1 and 13.2. So, if there are linear beams on the ceiling with a room height of up to 3 m, the distance between the detectors should not exceed 2.3 m. The presence of a cellular structure ceiling beams at the same height of the premises implies large distances between the detectors, although the conditions for the localization of smoke between the beams require in this case the same or more stringent requirements for the distances between the detectors?

Answer: If the size of the floor area formed by the beams is less than the protection area provided by one fire detector, table 13.1 should be used.
In this case, the distance between the detectors located across the beams decreases due to poor spreading of the convective flow under the ceiling.
In the presence of a cellular structure, spreading is better, due to the fact that small cells are filled warm air faster than large compartments at linear arrangement beams. Therefore, detectors are installed less frequently.

SP 5.13130.2009. In the requirements for the installation of point smoke and heat detectors, reference is made to clause 13.3.7:

clause 13.4.1. “... The area controlled by one point smoke detector, as well as the maximum distance between the detectors, the detector and the wall, with the exception of cases specified in 13.3.7, must be determined according to table 13.3, but not exceeding the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in the technical specifications and passports on detectors of specific types.

clause 13.6.1. The area controlled by one point heat fire detector, as well as the maximum distance between the detectors, the detector and the wall, except for the cases specified in clause 13.3.7, must be determined according to table 13.5, but not exceeding the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in the technical specifications and passports for announcers".

However, no cases are specified in clause 13.3.7:
clause 13.3.7. The distances between the detectors, as well as between the wall and the detectors, given in tables 13.3 and 13.5, can be changed within the area given in tables 13.3 and 13.5.

Question: Does it follow from this that when arranging detectors, only the average area protected by a fire detector can be taken into account, without observing the maximum allowable distances between the detectors and from the detector to the wall?

Answer: When arranging point fire detectors, it is possible to take into account the area protected by one detector, taking into account the nature of the spreading of the convective flow under the ceiling.

clause 13.3.10"... When installing point smoke detectors in rooms with a width of less than 3 m or under a raised floor or above a false ceiling and in other spaces with a height of less than 1.7 m, the distances between the detectors indicated in Table 13.3 may be increased by 1.5 times."

Questions:

a) Why is it said that it is allowed to increase only the distance between the detectors, but does not say about the possibility of increasing the distance from the detector to the wall?

Answer: Since, due to the limitation of the spreading of the convective flow by the structures of the walls and ceiling, the flow is directed along a limited space, the distance between the point detectors is increased only along a narrow space.

b) How does the requirement of clause 13.3.10 compare with the content of clause 13.3.7, where in all cases it is allowed to provide only the average area protected by a fire detector, without observing the maximum allowable distances between the detectors and from the detector to the wall?

Answer: For narrow spaces no more than 3 m in size, the spreading of smoke is still difficult.

Since clause 13.3.7 refers to a possible change in distances within the protection area provided by one detector, then clause 13.3.10, in addition to clause 13.3.7, states that it is permissible to increase the distance by only 1.5 times for such zones .

clause 13.3.3.“... In the protected premises or allocated parts of the premises, it is allowed to install one automatic fire detector if the following conditions are simultaneously met:

... c) identification of a faulty detector using light indication and the possibility of its replacement by the duty personnel within the set time determined in accordance with Appendix 0 ... ".

Questions:

a) Does SP 5.13130.2009, clause 13.3.3, subparagraph c) allow the identification of a faulty detector using the light indication on the control panel or on the control panel / control panel display panel?

Answer: clause 13.3.3 allows any means of determining the malfunction of the detectors and its location for its replacement.

b) How should the time for detection of a malfunction and replacement of the detector be determined? Are there ways to calculate this time for different types of objects?

Answer: The operation of facilities without a fire safety system, where such a system is required, is not allowed.

Since the failure of this system, the following options are possible:

1) the technological process is suspended until the system is restored, taking into account clause 02 of Appendix 0;

2) the functions of the system are transferred to the responsible personnel if the personnel is able to replace the functions of the system. It depends on the dynamics of the fire, the scope of functions performed, etc.

3) a reserve is introduced. The reserve (“cold” reserve can be entered manually (replacement) by the staff on duty or automatically if there are no duplicate detectors (“hot” reserve), taking into account clause O1 of Appendix O.

The operating parameters of the system must be given in the design documentation for the system, depending on the parameters and significance of the protected object. At the same time, the system recovery time given in the project documentation should not exceed the allowable time for the suspension of the technological process or the time for transferring functions to the duty personnel.

clause 14.3.“... To form a control command according to clause 14.1 in the protected room or protected zone, there must be at least:

• three fire detectors when they are included in the loops of two-threshold devices or in three independent radial loops of single-threshold devices;
• four fire detectors when they are included in two loops of single-threshold devices, two detectors in each loop;
• two fire detectors that meet the requirements of clause 13.3.3 (a, b, c), connected according to the “AND” logic circuit, provided that the faulty detector is replaced in a timely manner;
• two fire detectors connected according to the OR logic, if the detectors provide increased reliability of the fire signal.

Questions:

a) How to determine the timeliness of replacing a faulty detector? What time should be considered necessary and sufficient to replace the detector? Do you mean Annex O in this case?

Answer: Valid time manual reserve introduction is determined on the basis of the standard level of human safety in case of fire, the accepted level of material losses in case of fire, as well as the probability of fire at an object of this type. This time interval is limited by the condition that the probability of exposure to dangerous fire factors on people during a fire does not exceed the normative one. To estimate this time, the methodology of Appendix 2 of GOST 12.1.004 can be used. Estimates of material losses - according to the methodology of Appendix 4 GOST 12.1.004.

b) What should be understood by the increased reliability of the fire signal? Do you mean taking into account the recommendations set out in Appendix P? Or something different?

Answer: In the near future, requirements will be introduced for the mandatory parameters of technical means of fire automatics, as well as methods for checking them during tests, one of which is the reliability of a fire signal.

Technical means using the methods given in Appendix R, when tested for the effects of factors not related to fire, have a greater reliability of the fire signal compared to conventional detectors, which are switched on according to the logic "AND" to increase reliability.

4. Alert

SP 5.13130.2009 clause 13.3.3. It is allowed to install one automatic fire detector in the protected premises or allocated parts of the premises, if the following conditions are simultaneously met:

... d) when a fire detector is triggered, a signal is not generated to control fire extinguishing installations or fire warning systems of the 5th type according to, as well as other systems, the false operation of which can lead to unacceptable material losses or a decrease in the level of people's safety.

SP 5.13130.2009 clause 14.2. Formation of control signals for warning systems of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd type for smoke removal, engineering equipment controlled by a fire alarm system, and other equipment, the false operation of which cannot lead to unacceptable material losses or a decrease in the level of people's safety, is allowed to be carried out when one fire detector, taking into account the recommendations set out in Appendix R. The number of fire detectors in the room is determined in accordance with section 13.

Questions:

Regarding the 4th type of notification, there is a contradiction. In accordance with clause 13.3.3 d), it is allowed to install ONE detector per room (of course, if the other conditions of clause 13.3.3 are met) when generating a control signal for a type 4 notification. In accordance with Section 14, the formation of control signals for a type 4 notification should be carried out when at least 2 detectors are triggered, which means that their number in the room should be determined in accordance with clause 14.3. Which of the conditions should be considered decisive in terms of the number of detectors installed in the room and the condition for generating control signals on the type 4 COME?

Answer: clause 13.3.3, paras. d) does not exclude the installation of one fire detector while simultaneously fulfilling the conditions a), b), c) to generate control signals for fire warning systems and evacuation management (SOUE) of the 4th type in case this does not lead to a decrease in the level of safety people and unacceptable material losses in case of fire. In this case, fire detectors must protect the entire area of ​​the control zone, be controlled, and it must also be possible to replace faulty detectors in a timely manner.
Increasing the reliability of the fire detection system is provided in this case manually.
Insufficient reliability of the fire signal when using a single conventional detector can lead to an increase in false alarms. If the level of false alarms does not lead to a decrease in the level of people's safety and unacceptable material losses, such an option for generating a control signal for the 4th type of SOUE can be adopted.
In clause 14.2, it is allowed to generate a signal to start the SOUE of types 1-3 from one fire detector with increased reliability of the fire signal without switching on the reserve, i.e. with reduced reliability, also if this does not lead to a decrease in the level of people's safety and unacceptable material losses in the event of a detector failure.
The options for generating the control signal of the SOUE, given in clauses 13.3.3 and 14.2, suggest justification for ensuring the level of safety of people and material losses in a fire when these options are used.
Options for generating control signals, given in clause 14.1. and 14.3 does not imply such justifications.
In accordance with paragraph A3 of Appendix A, the design organization independently chooses protection options depending on the technological, structural, space-planning features and parameters of the protected objects.
Art. 84 p. 7.... It is determined that the fire alarm system must function during the time necessary for evacuation.

Questions:

a) Should the sirens, as elements of the warning system, also be resistant to the effects of temperatures characteristic of a developed fire? The same question can be raised in relation to power supplies, as well as control devices.

Answer: The requirement applies to all components of the SOUE, depending on their location.

b) If the requirements of an article of the law apply only to communication lines of warning systems, which in this case must be carried out with a fire-resistant cable, should switching elements, switchboards, etc., also be fire-resistant?

Answer: The stability of the technical means of the SOUE to the effects of fire factors is ensured by their execution, as well as their placement in structures, rooms, and areas of rooms.

c) If we assume that the fire resistance requirements do not apply to the sirens located in the room in which the fire occurs, since people are evacuated from this room in the first place, should the conditions for the stability of the communication lines with the sirens installed in different rooms be ensured? , upon destruction of annunciators of the emergency room?

Answer: The stability of electrical connecting lines must be ensured unconditionally.

d) What regulatory documents regulate the methodology for assessing the fire resistance of the elements of the warning system (NPB 248, GOST 53316 or others)?

Answer: Methods for assessing stability (resistance) from the effects of fire factors are given in NPB 248, GOST R 53316, as well as in Appendix 2 of GOST 12.1.004 (for assessing the time to reach the maximum temperature at the location).

e) In which paragraph of the joint venture are the requirements for the duration of the uninterrupted operation of the SOUE? If in paragraph 4.3 of SP6, then a significant amount of previously manufactured and certified equipment does not meet these requirements (an increase in the time of operation in alarm by 3 times compared to the requirements of NPB 77).

Answer: The requirement of clause 4.3 of SP 6.13130.2009 applies to power sources. At the same time, it is not excluded to limit the power supply in the alarm mode to 1.3 times the task execution time.

f) Is it possible to use receiving and control devices with the function of monitoring the control circuits of remote annunciators as control devices for the SOUE at the facilities? This refers to PPKP that meet the requirements of clause 7.2.2.1 (а-е) of GOST R 53325-2009 for PPU (“Granit-16”, “Grand Master”, etc.).

Answer: Control and receiving devices that combine control functions must be classified and certified as devices that combine functions.

Source: "Security Algorithm" No. 5 2009

Questions on the application of SP 5.13130.2009

Question: Should the provisions of clause 13.3.3 of SP 5.13130.2009 be applied to addressable fire detectors?

Answer:

The provisions of clause 13.3.3 are as follows:
“In the protected premises or allocated parts of the premises, it is allowed to install one automatic fire detector if the following conditions are simultaneously met:


c) detection of a faulty detector and the possibility of its replacement within a specified time, determined in accordance with Appendix O;

Addressable detectors are called addressable because of the ability to determine their location by their address, determined by the addressable control panel. One of the main provisions that determine the possibility of applying clause 13.3.3 is the provision of clauses. b). Addressable detectors must have automatic performance monitoring. In accordance with the provision of clause 17.4, Note - “Technical means with automatic performance monitoring are technical means that have control of components that make up at least 80% of the failure rate of the technical means.” “Hardware whose reliability is in the range external influences cannot be determined, must have automatic health monitoring. If it is impossible to determine a faulty fire detector in the address system, it does not comply with the provisions of paragraphs. b). In addition, the provision of clause 13.3.3 can only be applied if the provision of clause 13.3.3 is provided. in). Estimation of the time required to replace a failed detector with a performance monitoring function for objects with an established fire probability when one detector is installed in accordance with clause 13.3.3 of SP 5.13130.2009 is carried out based on the following assumptions in the following sequence.

Answer:
According to SP5.13130.2009, Appendix A, Table 2A, Note 3, GOST R IEC 60332-3-22 is indicated, which provides a method for calculating the combustible mass of cables. You can also see the named technique in the electronic magazine "I am an electrician." In the journal, the calculation method is given with detailed explanations. The amount of combustible mass for different types of cables can be found on the website of the Kolchuginsky Cable Plant (www.elcable.ru), in the section background information on the help page technical information. I ask you not to forget that behind the suspended ceilings, in addition to cables, there are a large number of other communications, and they also certain conditions may burn.

Question: In what cases should an APS ceiling space be equipped?

Answer:
The need to equip the APS ceiling space is determined in accordance with the provision of clause A4 of Appendix A to SP 5.13130.2009.

Question: Which fire detection system should be preferred for the earliest possible fire detection?

Answer:
When using technical means, one should be guided by the principle of reasonable sufficiency. Technical means must fulfill the tasks of the goal at their minimum price. Early fire detection is primarily related to the type of fire detector and its placement. When choosing a detector type, the dominant fire factor should be determined. In the absence of experience, you can use the calculation methods for calculating the time of occurrence of the limit values ​​​​of fire hazards (blocking time). The fire factor, the onset time of which is minimal, is predominant. By the same method, the time of fire detection by various technical means is determined. When solving the first target task - ensuring the safe evacuation of people, the required maximum fire detection time is determined as the difference between the blocking time and the evacuation time. The resulting time, reduced by at least 20%, is the criterion for choosing technical means of fire detection. At the same time, the time of generating a fire signal by the control panel is also taken into account, taking into account its algorithm for processing signals from fire detectors.

Question: In what cases should information about a fire be transmitted to the control panel 01, incl. over the radio?

Answer:
Fire alarms are not used for themselves, but to achieve the goals of the goal: the unconditional protection of life and health of people and the protection material assets. In the case when fire extinguishing functions are performed by fire departments, a fire signal must be transmitted unconditionally and in time, taking into account the location of this unit and its equipment. The choice of transmission method, taking into account local characteristics, is the responsibility of the design organization. It should always be remembered that the cost of equipment is a small part of the funds compared to the losses from a fire.

Question: Should only cables with high fire resistance be used in fire protection systems?

Answer:
When using cables, one should be guided, as always, by the principle of reasonable sufficiency. Moreover, any decisions require their justification. SP 5.13130.2009 and new edition SP 6.13130.2009 requires the use of cables that ensure their durability for the duration of tasks in accordance with the purpose of the systems in which they are used. If the contractor is not able to justify the use of the cable, then cables with maximum fire resistance can be used, which is more expensive solution. As a methodology for justifying the use of cables, a method for calculating the time for the onset of the limit values ​​of fire factors dangerous to humans can be used. Instead of temperature limits for a person, temperature values ​​\u200b\u200bare set that are limiting for cables of a certain type. The time of occurrence of the limit value at the height of the cable suspension is determined. The time from the start of the impact to the failure of the cable can be taken equal to zero.

Question:
What method can be applied to calculate the operating time of the ng-LS cable of fire alarm connecting lines, which would comply with Article 103 No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008, will the use of the ng-LS cable and time calculations be sufficient for detection by detectors of fire factors and transmission alarm signal to other fire protection systems, including warning.

Answer:
To calculate the operating time of the cable, you can apply the method of calculating the critical duration of a fire according to the limiting temperature at the height of the cable placement according to the method for determining the calculated values ​​​​of fire risk in buildings, structures and structures various classes functional fire hazard, order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation No. 382 of 06/30/2009. When choosing the type of cable in accordance with the requirements of Art. 103 of the Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 06/22/2008, it is necessary to ensure not only the preservation of the operability of wires and cables in fire conditions for the time necessary for the components of these systems to perform tasks, taking into account the specific location, but also the wires and cables must ensure operability equipment not only in the fire zone, but also in other zones and floors in the event of a fire or high temperatures along the cable lines.

Question:
What does clause 13.3.7 of SP 5.13130.2009 mean “The distances between the detectors, as well as between the wall and the detectors can be changed within the area shown in tables 13.3 and 13.5”?

Answer:
The protection areas for heat, smoke and gas point detectors are set in tables 13.3 and 13.5. The convective flow that occurs when a fire occurs in the absence of environmental influences and structures has the shape of a cone. Design features rooms can influence the shape of the convective flow, as well as its spreading under the ceiling. In this case, the values ​​of the released heat, smoke and gas are also preserved for the changed form of the spreading flow. In this regard, in paragraph 13.3.10 of SP 5.13130.2009, instructions are directly given to increase the distances between the detectors in narrow spaces and ceiling spaces.

Question: How many heat detectors should be installed in apartment hallways?

Answer:
The amended version of Annex A SP 5.13130.2009 does not provide for the installation of heat fire detectors. The choice of the detector type is carried out when designing, taking into account the features of the protected object. One of best solutions is the installation of smoke detectors. In this case, one should proceed from the condition of the earliest formation of a fire signal. The number of detectors is determined in accordance with the provisions of clause 13.3.3, clause 14.1, 14.2, 14.3 of SP 5.13130.2009.

Question: Should the “Exit” indicator be on all the time, or does it only turn on in case of fire?

Answer:
The provision of clause 5.2 of SP 3.13130.2009 quite definitely answers the question: “Exit light annunciators ... should be turned on for the time people stay in them.”

Question: How many fire detectors should be installed in the room?

Answer:
The provisions of SP 5.13130.2009, as amended, fully answer the question posed:
"13.3.3 It is allowed to install one automatic fire detector in the protected premises or allocated parts of the premises, if the following conditions are simultaneously met:
a) area of ​​the room more area protected by a fire detector, specified in the technical documentation for it, and not more than the average area specified in tables 13.3-13.6;
b) automatic monitoring of the fire detector performance under the influence of environmental factors is provided, confirming the performance of its functions, and a notice of serviceability (malfunction) is generated on the control panel;
c) detection of a faulty detector is ensured and the possibility of its replacement within the set time, determined in accordance with Appendix O;
d) upon activation of a fire detector, a signal is not generated to control fire extinguishing installations or fire warning systems of the 5th type according to SP 3.13130, as well as other systems, the false operation of which can lead to unacceptable material losses or a decrease in the level of people's safety.
"14.1 Formation of signals for automatic control of warning systems, fire extinguishing installations, smoke protection equipment, general ventilation, air conditioning, engineering equipment of the facility, as well as other actuators of systems involved in ensuring fire safety, should be carried out from two fire detectors switched on by logical scheme "AND", for the time in accordance with Section 17, taking into account the inertia of these systems. The placement of detectors in this case should be carried out at a distance of no more than half of the normative distance, determined according to tables 13.3 - 13.6, respectively.
"14.2 Formation of control signals for warning systems of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th type according to SP 3.13130.2009, equipment for smoke protection, general ventilation and air conditioning, engineering equipment of the facility involved in ensuring the fire safety of the facility, as well as the formation of commands to turn off the power supply of consumers interlocked with fire automatics systems, it is allowed to carry out when one fire detector is triggered that meets the recommendations set out in Appendix P, provided that false triggering of controlled systems cannot lead to unacceptable material losses or a decrease in the level of people's safety. In this case, at least two detectors are installed in the room (part of the room), switched on according to the OR logic. In the case of using detectors that, in addition, satisfy the requirement of clause 13.3.3 b), c), one fire detector can be installed in the room (part of the room).
“14.3 To generate a control command according to 14.1 in the protected room or protected area there must be at least: three fire detectors when they are included in the loops of two-threshold devices or three independent radial loops of single-threshold devices; four fire detectors when they are included in two loops of single-threshold devices, two detectors in each loop; two fire detectors that meet the requirement of 13.3.3 (b, c)".
When choosing equipment and algorithms for its operation, it is necessary to take measures to minimize the probability of false alarms of these systems. At the same time, a false alarm should not lead to a decrease in the safety of people and the loss of material values.

Question: What systems other than fire-fighting are referred to as "other"?

Answer:
It is known that apart from fire fighting systems, which include a warning and evacuation control system in case of fire, a fire extinguishing system, a smoke protection system, a fire signal can be transmitted to control engineering, technological means, which can also be used to ensure fire safety. The control sequence algorithm for all technical means must be developed in the project.

Question: For what purposes are fire detectors switched on according to the logical schemes "AND" and "OR"?

Answer:
When fire detectors are turned on according to the “AND” logical scheme, the goal is to increase the reliability of the fire signal. In this case, it is possible to use one detector instead of two standard ones, which implement the function of increasing reliability. Such detectors include detectors called "diagnostic", "multicriteria", "parametric". When turning on fire detectors according to the logical scheme "Or" (duplication), the goal is to increase reliability. In this case, it is possible to use detectors that have a reliability no less than two duplicate standard ones. Calculation justification takes into account the level of danger of the object and, if there are justifications for the performance of the main functions, the composition of the fire protection system is assessed and the requirements for reliability parameters are determined.

Question: Please clarify clause 13.3.11 of SP 5.13130.2009 in terms of: is it possible to connect a remote optical alarm (VUOS) to each fire detector installed outside false ceiling, even if there are two or three detectors in the loop, and this loop protects one small area, about 20 m2, a room 4-5 meters high.

Answer:
The requirements of clause 13.3.11 of SP 5.13130.2009 are aimed at ensuring the possibility of quickly detecting the location of a triggered detector in the event of a fire or false positive. When designing, a variant of the detection method is determined, which should be indicated in the design documentation.
If in your case it is not difficult to determine the location of a triggered detector, then the remote optical indication may not be installed.

Question:
I ask you to give an explanation about the remote start of the smoke exhaust system, art. 85 No. 123-FZ "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements". Is it necessary to install additional trigger elements (buttons) near the fire alarm IPR for remote manual start of the building's supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems to fulfill clause 8 of Art. 85 No. 123-FZ? Or an IPR connected to a fire alarm can be considered a starting element, in accordance with paragraph 8 of Art. 85.

Answer:
Signals to turn on the smoke protection equipment should be generated by automatic fire alarm devices when automatic and manual fire detectors are triggered.
When implementing a smoke protection control algorithm based on addressable equipment, the loop of which includes addressable manual fire detectors and addressable executive devices, the installation of remote manual start devices at emergency exits may not be provided for by the design solution. In this case, it is enough to install these devices in the premises of the staff on duty.
If it is necessary to ensure separate switching on of smoke protection equipment from other fire automation systems, such devices can be installed at emergency exits and in the premises of the personnel on duty.

To be continued…

SP 5.13130.2009

SET OF RULES

Fire protection systems

FIRE ALARM AND FIRE EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATIONS, AUTOMATIC

Design norms and rules

Systems of fire protection. Automatic fire-extinguishing and alarm systems. Design and regulations

OKS 13.220.10 OKP 48 5487

Introduction date 2009-05-01

Foreword

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On technical regulation", and the rules for applying sets of rules - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for the development and approval of sets of rules" dated November 19, 2008 N 858

About the set of rules

1 DEVELOPED FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 " Fire safety"

4 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in information system common use- on the official website of the developer (FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) on the Internet

INTRODUCED Amendment No. 1, approved and put into effect Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia of 01.06.2011 N 274 from 06/20/2011

Change #1 was made by the database manufacturer

1 area of ​​use

1.1 This set of rules has been developed in accordance with articles 42 , 45 , 46 , 54 , 83 , 84 , 91 , 103 , 104 , 111 -116 Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-

Federal Law "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements", is an normative document on fire safety in the regionstandardization of voluntary use and establishes norms and rules for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm installations.

1.2 This set of rules applies to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those being built in areas with special climatic and natural conditions. The need to use fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations is determined in accordance with Appendix A, standards, codes of practice and other documents approved in the prescribed manner.

1.3 This set of rules does not apply to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations:

- buildings and structures designed according to special standards;

- technological installations located outside buildings;

- warehouse buildings with mobile racks;

- warehouse buildings for storing products in aerosol packaging;

- warehouse buildings with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m.

1.4 This set of rules does not apply to the design of fire extinguishing installations for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:

- reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);

- decomposing when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of combustible gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides);

- interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);

- spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).

1.5 This set of rules can be used in the development of special specifications for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm installations.

This set of rules uses Normative references to the following standards:

GOST R 50588-93 Foam agents for extinguishing fires. General technical requirements and test methods

GOST R 50680-94 Automatic water fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 50800-95 Automatic foam fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 50969-96 Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 51043-2002 Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Sprinklers. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 51046-97 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishing aerosol generators. Types and basic parameters

GOST R 51049-2008 Fire fighting equipment. Fire pressure hoses. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 51052-2002 Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Control nodes. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 51057-2001 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishers are portable. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST 51091-97 Automatic powder fire extinguishing installations. Types and basic parameters

GOST R 51115-97 Fire fighting equipment. Trunks fire monitors combined. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 51737-2001 Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Detachable pipeline couplings. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 51844-2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire cabinets. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 53278-2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire valves. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 53279-2009 Connecting heads for fire fighting equipment. Types, basic parameters and dimensions

GOST R 53280.3 Automatic fire extinguishing installations. Fire extinguishing agents. Part 3. Gas extinguishing agents. Test Methods

GOST R 53280.4-2009 Automatic fire extinguishing installations. Fire extinguishing agents. Part 4. Fire extinguishing powders general purpose. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 53281-2009 Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. modules and batteries. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 53284-2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishing aerosol generators. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 53315-2009 Cable products. fire safety requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 53325-2009 Fire fighting equipment. Technical means of fire automatics. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 53331-2009 Fire fighting equipment. Trunks fire manual. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST R 53329-2009 Robotic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test Methods

GOST 2.601-95 ESKD Operational documents GOST 9.032-74 ESKS Paint coatings. Groups, technical

requirements and designations GOST 12.0.001-82 SSBT Basic provisions

GOST 12.0.004-90 SSBT Organization of labor safety training. General provisions

GOST 12.1.004-91 Fire safety. General requirements GOST 12.1.005-88 SSBT General sanitary and hygienic requirements for

air working area GOST 12.1.019-79 SSBT Electrical safety. General requirements and

nomenclature of types of protection GOST 12.1.030-81 SSBT Electrical safety. protective earth,

zeroing GOST 12.1.033-81 SSBT Fire safety. Terms and Definitions

GOST 12.1.044-89 SSBT Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination

GOST 12.2.003-91 SSBT Industrial equipment. General safety requirements

GOST 12.2.007.0-75 SSBT Electrical products. General safety requirements

GOST 12.2.047-86 SSBT Fire fighting equipment. Terms and definitions GOST 12.2.072-98 Industrial robots. robotic

technological complexes. Safety requirements and test methods

GOST 12.3.046-91 SSBT Automatic fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements

GOST 12.4.009-83 SSBT Fire equipment for the protection of objects. Main views, accommodation and service

GOST R 12.4.026-2001 SSBT Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of application. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test Methods

GOST 3262-75 Steel water-gas pipes. Specifications GOST 8732-78 Hot-formed seamless steel pipes.

Assortment GOST 8734-75 Cold-formed seamless steel pipes.

Assortment GOST 10704-91 Electric-welded straight-seam steel pipes.

Assortment GOST 14202-69 Pipelines of industrial enterprises.

Identification coloration, warning signs and labels GOST 14254-96 Degrees of protection provided by casings GOST 15150-69 Machinery, instruments and other technical products.

Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of operation, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of environmental climatic factors

GOST 21130-75 Electrical products. Grounding clamps and grounding signs. Design and dimensions

GOST 23511-79 Industrial radio interference from electrical devices operated in residential buildings or connected to their electrical networks. Norms and methods of measurements

GOST 27331-87 Fire fighting equipment. Classification of fires GOST 28130-89 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishers, installations

fire fighting and fire alarm systems. Conditional graphic symbols

GOST 28338-89* Piping connections and fittings. Conditional passages (nominal dimensions). ranks

Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the effect of reference standards, sets of rules and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website federal agency on technical regulation and metrology on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly information indexes published in current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this set of rules, one should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

3 Terms and definitions

In this set of rules, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:

3.1 automatic start of the fire extinguishing installation: Starting the installation from its technical means without human intervention.

3 . 2 automatic installation		firefighting		Installation
firefighting,	automatically	triggered		excess

controlled by the fire factor (factors) of the established threshold values ​​in the protected area.

3 . 3 automatic water feeder: A water feeder that automatically provides the pressure in the pipelines necessary for the operation of the control units.

3 . 4 automatic fire detector: fire detector,

reacting to the factors accompanying the fire.

3 . 5 autonomous fire extinguishing installation: fire extinguishing installation,

automatically performing the functions of detecting and extinguishing a fire, regardless of external power sources and control systems.

3 . 6 autonomous fire detector: fire detector,

responding to a certain level of concentration of aerosol products of combustion (pyrolysis) of substances and materials and, possibly, other fire factors, in the body of which an autonomous power source and all components necessary for detecting a fire and direct notification of it are structurally combined.

3 . 7 aggregate fire extinguishing installation: Fire extinguishing installation

which technical means of fire detection, storage, release and transportation of fire extinguishing agent are structurally independent units mounted directly on the protected object.

3 . 8 addressable fire detector: A fire detector that transmits its address code to the addressable control panel along with a fire notice.

3 . 9 accelerator: A device that, when a sprinkler is triggered, opens the sprinkler air signal valve when little change air pressure in the supply pipeline.

3 . 1 0 gas fire extinguishing battery: A group of gas fire extinguishing modules united by a common manifold and a manual start device.

3 . 1 1 distribution pipe branch: A section of a distribution pipeline row located on one side of the supply pipeline.

3 . 1 2 water-filled installation: An installation in which the supply, supply and distribution pipelines are filled with water in standby mode.

Note - The unit is designed to operate at positive temperatures.

3.13 water feeder: A device that ensures the operation of the AFS with the estimated flow rate and pressure of water and (or) aqueous solution specified in the technical documentation for a specified time.

3 . 1 4 air installation: An installation in which, in standby mode, the supply pipeline is filled with water, and the supply and distribution pipelines are filled with air.

3 . 1 5 auxiliary water feeder: A water feeder that automatically maintains the pressure in the pipelines necessary to operate the control units, as well as the estimated flow and pressure of water and (or) an aqueous solution until the main water feeder enters the operating mode.

3.16 gas fire detector: A fire detector that reacts to gases released during smoldering or burning materials.

3.17 fire extinguishing aerosol generator (GOA):A device for obtaining a fire-extinguishing aerosol with specified parameters and supplying it to the protected room.

3.18 hydraulic accelerator: A device that reduces the response time of a deluge signal valve with a hydraulic drive.

3.19 AUP standby mode: The state of readiness of the AFS for operation.

3 . 2 0 dictating sprinkler (sprayer): Sprinkler (sprayer),

the highest located and (or) remote from the control node.

3 . 2 1 remote start (start) of the unit: Switch on (start)

manual installations from trigger elements installed in or near the protected room, in the control room or at the fire station, near the protected structure or equipment.

3.22 remote: Control panel located in a control room, a separate or fenced off room.

3.23 differential thermal fire detector: Fire detector that generates a fire notification when the temperature rise rate is exceeded environment set threshold.

3.25 deluge fire extinguishing installation: fire extinguishing installation,

equipped with deluge sprinklers or foam generators.

3.26 deluge sprinkler (sprayer):Sprinkler (sprayer) with

open outlet.

3.27 smoke ionization (radioisotope) fire detector:

Fire detector, the principle of operation of which is based on the registration of changes in the ionization current resulting from exposure to combustion products.

3.28 smoke optical fire detector:fire detector,

reacting to combustion products that can affect the absorbing or scattering ability of radiation in the infrared, ultraviolet or visible spectral ranges.

3.29 smoke fire detector:A fire detector that reacts to particles of solid or liquid products of combustion and (or) pyrolysis in the atmosphere.

3.30 stock of fire extinguishing agent: The required amount of fire extinguishing agent stored at the facility in order to restore the estimated amount or reserve of fire extinguishing agent.

3.31 shut-off and starting device: A locking device installed on a vessel (cylinder) and ensuring the release of a fire extinguishing agent from it.

3.32 Regulatory (for sprinkler AFS) or design (for deluge AFS) area within which the normative irrigation intensity and, accordingly, the normative or estimated flow extinguishing agent.

3.33 fire alarm control zone (fire detectors):

The set of areas, volumes of the premises of the object, the appearance of fire factors in which will be detected by fire detectors.

3 . 3 4 inertia of the fire extinguishing installation: The time from the moment the controllable fire factor reaches the response threshold of the sensing element of the fire detector, sprinkler sprinkler or stimulating device until the fire extinguishing agent is supplied to the protected area.

Note - For fire extinguishing installations, which provide for a time delay for the release of a fire extinguishing agent in order to safely evacuate people from the protected premises and (or) to control process equipment, this time is included in the inertia of the AFS.

3 . 3 5 intensity of fire extinguishing agent supply: The amount of fire extinguishing agent supplied per unit area (volume) per unit time.

3.36 delay chamber: A device installed in line with a pressure alarm designed to minimize the possibility of false alarms caused by a sprinkler alarm valve opening slightly due to sudden pressure fluctuations in a water supply.

3.37 combined fire detector: fire detector,

responding to two or more fire factors.

3 . 38 local control panel: Control panel, located in close proximity to the controlled technical means of AUP.

3.39 linear fire detector (smoke, heat): A fire detector that reacts to fire factors in an extended, linear zone.

3 . 4 0 main pipeline: The pipeline connecting switchgears gas fire extinguishing installations with distribution pipelines.

3 . 4 1 maximum differential thermal fire detector: A fire detector that combines the functions of maximum and differential thermal fire detectors.

3 . 4 2 maximum thermal fire detector: A fire detector that generates a fire notice when the ambient temperature exceeds a set threshold value - the detector response temperature.

3.43 local activation (start) of the unit:Switching on (starting) the installation from starting elements installed in the room pumping station or fire extinguishing station, as well as from starting elements installed on fire extinguishing modules.

3.44 minimum irrigation area: The minimum area on which, when the AFS is triggered, the fire extinguishing agent acts with an irrigation intensity not less than the standard one.

3.45 fire extinguishing module:

3 . 46 modular pumping unit: Pumping unit, the technical means of which are mounted on a single frame.

3 . 4 7 modular fire extinguishing installation: fire extinguishing installation,

consisting of one or more modules combined unified system fire detection and actuation, capable of independently performing the function of fire extinguishing and located in or near the protected room.

3.48 fire extinguishing module: A device in the body of which the functions of storing and supplying a fire extinguishing agent are combined when a starting pulse is applied to the module drive.

3 . 4 9 impulse fire extinguishing module: Fire extinguishing module with a fire extinguishing agent supply duration of up to 1 s.

3 . 5 0 Nozzles: A device for dispensing and distributing a gaseous fire extinguishing agent or fire extinguishing powder.

3.51 nominal (conditional) pressure: The highest overpressure at a working medium temperature of 20 °C, which ensures the specified service life of pipeline and valve connections having certain dimensions, justified by the strength calculation for the selected materials and their strength characteristics at a temperature of 20 °C.

3 . 5 2 nominal (conditional) passage: A parameter used for piping systems to characterize fittings such as piping connections, fittings, and fittings.

3 . 5 3 normative intensity of fire extinguishing agent supply:

The intensity of the fire extinguishing agent supply, established in the regulatory documentation.

3.54 standard fire extinguishing concentration: fire extinguishing concentration,

established in the current regulations.

3 . 5 5 fire extinguishing spray: Combustion products of an aerosol-forming composition that have a fire-extinguishing effect on the fire.

3.56 extinguishing agent: A substance that has physical and chemical properties that make it possible to create conditions for the cessation of combustion.

3.57 fire extinguishing concentration: The concentration of a fire extinguishing agent in a volume that creates an environment that does not support combustion.

3.58 sprinkler: A device designed to extinguish, localize or block a fire by spraying water and (or) aqueous solutions.

3 . 5 9 sprinkler with status control: sprinkler sprinkler,

ensuring the issuance of a signal to the AFS control system and (or) to the control room about the actuation of the thermal lock of this sprinkler.

3 . 6 0 sprinkler with controlled drive: Sprinkler with a locking device for the outlet, which opens when a control pulse is applied (electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, pyrotechnic or combined).

3 . 6 1 main feeder: A water feeder that ensures the operation of a fire extinguishing installation with the estimated flow rate and pressure of water and (or) aqueous solution for a specified time.

3 . 6 2 room leak parameter: The value that numerically characterizes the leakage of the protected premises and is defined as the ratio of the total area of ​​permanently open openings to the volume of the protected premises.

3.63 supply pipeline: The pipeline connecting the control unit with distribution pipelines.

3.64 incentive system: A pipeline filled with water, an aqueous solution, compressed air, or a cable with thermal locks, designed for automatic and remote activation of water and foam deluge fire extinguishing installations, as well as gas or powder fire extinguishing installations.

3 . 6 5 supply pipeline: The pipeline connecting the source of fire extinguishing agent with the control units.

3.66 fire stop device: A device designed to supply, regulate and shut off the flow of fire extinguishing agent.

3 . 6 7 fire detector (PI): A device designed to detect fire factors and generate a signal about a fire or about the current value of its factors.

3 . 6 8 flame fire detector: device that responds to electromagnetic radiation flame or smoldering hearth.

3.69 fire post: A special room of the facility with a round-the-clock stay of personnel on duty, equipped with devices for monitoring the status and control of fire automatics.

3.70 fire alarm: A device for generating a signal about the operation of fire extinguishing installations and (or) locking devices.

3.71 premises with mass stay of people: Theater halls and foyers

cinemas, boardrooms, meetings, lecture halls, restaurants, lobbies, cash halls, industrial premises other

premises with an area of ​​50 m or more with permanent or temporary

stay of people (except emergencies) with more than 1 person. per 1 m

3.72 fire control device: A device designed to generate control signals for automatic fire extinguishing equipment, smoke protection, warning, other fire protection devices, as well as monitoring their status and communication lines with them.

3 . 7 3 fire control panel (PPKP): Device,

designed to receive signals from fire detectors, provide power to active (current-consuming) fire detectors, output information to light and sound annunciators of duty personnel and centralized monitoring consoles, as well as generate a starting impulse for starting a fire control device.

3.74 fire control and control device: Device,

which combines the functions of a fire control panel and a fire control device.

3 . 7 5 AUP operating mode: Fulfillment of the AUP of its functional purpose after operation.

3.76 sprinkler: Sprinkler designed for spraying water or aqueous solutions (average droplet diameter in the sprayed flow is more than 150 microns).

Note - It is allowed to use the term "irrigator" instead of the term "sprinkler".

3 . 7 7 switchgear: locking device,

installed on the pipeline and providing the passage of a gas fire extinguishing agent into a certain main pipeline.

1 area of ​​use
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General provisions
5 Water and foam fire extinguishing systems
5.1 Fundamentals
5.2 Sprinkler installations
5.3 Deluge installations
5.4 Water mist fire extinguishing installations
5.5 Sprinkler AFS with forced start
5.6 Sprinkler-drencher AFS
5.7 Installation piping
5.8 Control units
5.9 Water supply of installations and preparation of foam solution
5.10 Pumping stations
6 Fire extinguishing systems with high expansion foam
6.1 Scope
6.2 Classification of installations
6.3 Design
7 Robotic fire complex
7.1 Fundamentals
7.2 Requirements for installing a RPK fire alarm
8 Gas extinguishing installations
8.1 Scope
8.2 Classification and composition of installations
8.3 Extinguishing media
8.4 General requirements
8.5 Volumetric fire extinguishing installations
8.6 Quantity of gas extinguishing agent
8.7 Timing
8.8 Receptacles for gaseous extinguishing agent
8.9 Piping
8.10 Incentive systems
8.11 Nozzles
8.12 Fire fighting station
8.13 Local start devices
8.14 Requirements for protected premises
8.15 Local fire extinguishing installations by volume
8.16 Safety requirements
9 Modular type powder fire extinguishing installations
9.1 Scope
9.2 Design
9.3 Requirements for protected premises
9.4 Safety requirements
10 Aerosol fire extinguishing installations
10.1 Scope
10.2 Design
10.3 Requirements for protected premises
10.4 Safety requirements
11 Autonomous fire extinguishing installations
12 Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations
12.1 General requirements for control equipment of fire extinguishing installations
12.2 General signaling requirements
12.3 Water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Requirements for control equipment. signaling requirements
12.4 Installations of gas and powder fire extinguishing. Requirements for control equipment. signaling requirements
12.5 Aerosol fire extinguishing installations. Requirements for control equipment. signaling requirements
12.6 Water mist extinguishing installations. Requirements for control equipment. signaling requirements
13 Fire alarm systems
13.1 General provisions when choosing types of fire detectors for the protected object
13.2 Requirements for the organization of fire alarm control zones
13.3 Placement of fire detectors
13.4. Point smoke detectors
13.5 Linear smoke detectors
13.6 Point thermal fire detectors
13.7 Linear thermal fire detectors
13.8 Flame detectors
13.9 Aspirating smoke detectors
13.10 Gas fire detectors
13.11 Independent fire detectors
13.12 Flow detectors
13.13 Manual call points
13.14 Fire control devices, fire control devices. Equipment and its placement. Room for staff on duty
13.15 Fire alarm loops. Connecting and supply lines of fire automatics systems
14 Interrelation of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment of facilities
15 Power supply of fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations
16 Protective earthing and zeroing. Safety requirements
17 General provisions taken into account when choosing technical means of fire automatics
Annex A (mandatory) List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms
Annex B (mandatory) Groups of premises (industries and technological processes) according to the degree of fire hazard, depending on their functional purpose and fire load of combustible materials
Appendix B (recommended) Methodology for calculating the parameters of AFS for surface fire extinguishing with water and low expansion foam
Annex D (recommended) Method for calculating the parameters of fire extinguishing installations with high-expansion foam
Annex D (mandatory) Initial data for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents
Annex E (recommended) Method for calculating the mass of gas fire extinguishing agent for gas fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing by volumetric method
Annex G (recommended) Methodology for hydraulic calculation of low pressure carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations
Appendix H (recommended) Method for calculating the opening area for releasing excess pressure in rooms protected by gas fire extinguishing installations
Annex I (recommended) General provisions for the calculation of modular type powder fire extinguishing installations
Appendix K (mandatory) Method for calculating automatic aerosol fire extinguishing installations
Annex L (mandatory) Method for calculating excess pressure when fire extinguishing aerosol is supplied to the room
Appendix M (recommended) Selection of fire detector types depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load
Annex H (recommended) Locations for installation of manual fire detectors depending on the purpose of buildings and premises
Annex O (informative) Determination of the set time for detecting a malfunction and eliminating it
Annex P (recommended) Distances from the upper overlap point to the measuring element of the detector
Annex P (recommended) Techniques for improving the reliability of the fire signal
Bibliography