Wall cube. Building block calculator. How to calculate concrete for a column base with a reinforced concrete grillage

In the conditions of the financial crisis, it is important not only to economically erect a building, but also to correctly and accurately calculate the amount of bricks required for brick luggage.

This will help not only to correctly calculate the cost of the necessary building materials, but also to avoid additional costs. If you don't know how to count brickwork , you will almost certainly get either less or more of the material required for the construction.

Algorithm for calculating the material for building a building

For correct calculations you need:

• Measuring device - tape measure

You need to start with these important points how to calculate cubature brickwork:

More about t here.
If the laying is planned in one brick, the figure obtained in the calculations must be multiplied by 2, if it is one and a half bricks, then you need to multiply by 3, and multiply by 4 if the laying will be in two bricks.

1. After the amount received, add a safety stock, in case of unforeseen costs of building materials.

If you decide to start building brick house, any outbuilding on your site, then purchase the main construction material in advance is the right decision.

In an unstable economy, there is no certainty that building materials will not rise in price or that their price will remain unchanged. Of course, the existing calculations are not nearly as accurate as you would like. There is a possibility that the brick may not be enough, and you will have to buy the missing amount. It is to prevent such incidents that a safety stock is taken.

It is necessary not only to protect yourself from a lack of material, but also to insure against a possible breakdown of the material.

After the calculations of the bricks necessary for the construction are completed, do not forget about necessary tools for masonry. They can also be purchased in advance and with the onset of heat, start construction work.

Important point! When calculating the amount of building material needed, keep in mind that the dimensions of imported bricks differ from domestic ones. Therefore, before starting the calculations, check the dimensions of the brick, this will help to make accurate calculations.
For a better disclosure of the topic and if you still have questions, we recommend watching this video:

Measure everything necessary distances in meters. The volume of many three-dimensional figures is easy to calculate using the appropriate formulas. However, all values ​​substituted into the formulas must be measured in meters. Thus, before substituting values ​​into the formula, make sure that they are all measured in meters, or that you have converted other units of measurement to meters.

• 1 mm = 0.001 m
• 1 cm = 0.01 m
• 1 km = 1000 m

Before purchasing any building material, it is necessary to determine as accurately as possible right amount, otherwise you can lose some amount due to the remaining surplus or the need for additional purchases, as well as the unaccounted for the possibility of fraud by unscrupulous sellers. Timber, logs, boards and similar wood products, as you know, are sold in cubic meters, which means that you need to know in all subtleties the calculations for determining the volume of these materials, as well as converting the required number of pieces into cubes and back. And in the case of purchasing timber for building a house, when calculating the required amount of this building material, it is also necessary to take into account the design and features of the future building.

Basic calculations - volume determination and conversion from pieces to cubes and vice versa

Calculating the cubic capacity of timber, boards and similar lumber is very simple. To do this, you need to know the thickness, width (height) and length of the product. And, as you know from a school textbook on geometry, you need to multiply these dimensions:

V = T ∙ H ∙ L, where

V is the volume of timber, m 3;

T is the thickness;

H - width;

L is the length.

Before calculating, dimensions should be given in one unit of measurement: mm, cm or m. It is better in meters, so that later you do not have to convert from mm 3 or cm 3 to m 3.

Beam size chart

For example, let's calculate the cubic capacity of a bar 150x200. These dimensions, as you know, are indicated in mm. That is, the thickness of the product is 0.15 m, and the width is 0.2 m. The standard length of timber and boards is 6 m (sometimes also indicated in mm - 6000). Or maybe another. But for example, let's take exactly 6 m. Then the volume of this lumber:

0.15 ∙ 0.2 ∙ 6 \u003d 0.18 m 3.

Now you can convert the required amount (in pieces) of this product into cubes. Let's say you need 49 pieces:

0.18 ∙ 49 \u003d 8.82 m 3.

Knowing the volume of one product, you can also calculate the cube of the timber, that is, determine how many of its units (pieces) are in 1 m 3. To do this, you need to divide 1 cube by the cubic capacity of one product already calculated or taken from the reference tables (in this example, 0.18 m 3):

1 / 0.18 \u003d 5.55555 ... pcs.

In the same way, the amount of this type of timber is calculated for any volume.

The nuances of calculations - how not to make mistakes and not let yourself be deceived

As follows from the above methodology and calculation examples, it is very easy to calculate the required volume of timber in pieces or cubic meters. However, it must always be remembered that in 1 cubic meter there is not an integer number of these products. For the example given in the example with dimensions of 150x200 and a length of 6 m - 5.55555 ... pcs. Unscrupulous, most often retailers of timber cleverly take advantage of this.

For example, you need 1 cube of this material from the example. The seller, of course, releases 5 products, but takes the amount as for a whole cube. The overpayment will be the cost of half a bar.

And let's say that the same 49 bars from the example are needed to build a house. And if the seller considers according to the following scheme, then you will have to significantly overpay for the timber received:

• 1 cube - 5 products 150x200 6 m long;
• 49/5 = 9.8 cubes payable.

This is a divorce the purest water for 5 units of timber. They are superfluous and not needed, however, they will be paid, but not received. Above, in the calculation examples, the data of 49 products have already been translated into cubes - this is 8.82 m 3. That is, a "particularly enterprising" seller will deceive an inattentive buyer by:

9.8 - 8.82 \u003d 0.98 m 3 timber,

which is 0.98 / 0.18 \u003d 5.44444 ... pcs. this lumber (0.18 - the volume of one product calculated above).

Therefore, it would be most correct to calculate in advance exactly the number of units (pieces) of material, and only then, using these data and the dimensions of the timber or board, calculate their actual cubic capacity.

That is, in the case of purchasing one cubic meter in the above example, you must first decide how many bars you really need to take - 5 or 6. And then we consider their cubic capacity:

0.15 ∙ 0.2 ∙ 6 ∙ 5 (or 6 pcs.) \u003d 0.9 (or 1.08) m 3.

And for 49 units of this timber:

0.15 ∙ 0.2 ∙ 6 ∙ 49 \u003d 8.82 m 3.

Then you will have to pay exactly for these 0.9 (1.08) or 8.82 cubic meters, having received exactly 5 (6) or 49 products. Moreover, both the quantity in pieces and the volume in m 3 must be indicated in the invoice for the timber sold by the seller.

Other features of calculating the cubature of lumber

One more important feature, which you should know for the correct calculation of the cubic capacity of the timber or boards when they are purchased. The actual length of lumber usually always slightly exceeds the standard or declared by the manufacturer of this product. So, instead of 6 m, the average length of the considered timber, as a rule, is 6.05 m. This is due to the fact that the ends of the lumber are not processed after it has been cut, because of which they may turn out to be uneven, go at angles, and be different or simply be dirty. Of course, these 5 cm do not need to be paid. But some cunning sellers, although quite rarely, still try to take into account even this when calculating cubic meters, which is pure deception.

And regarding the calculations for grooved and profiled timber. The presence of spikes, grooves, and other protruding or turned places should not be embarrassing. The calculation of the cubic capacity of such materials is no different from determining the volume of ordinary products that are even on all sides. For grooved and profiled lumber, the rule applies that only the main part (working width) of the product is measured and taken into account, and all structurally necessary and / or decorative elements are not included in the calculations. This provision applies to absolutely all types of timber.

Purchase of large volumes of materials - calculation of storage and dense cubic meters

When to Purchase a large number of timber, their cubic capacity is calculated somewhat differently than discussed above. For example, a timber and a board are needed for the construction of an impressive spacious house, as well as various other outbuildings near it. At the same time, the necessary lumber, for sure, will be different sizes in cross section and length. To measure and calculate each type of required material with similar purchase volumes is an occupation that can take more than one day.

For such cases, there is a specific calculation method. It is based on two important concepts:

1. 1. Dense cubic meter of wood. This is the name of the volume occupied only by wood and not having voids in it, as well as gaps. It is determined by measuring individual timber pieces, and then subsequent calculation of their total cubic capacity.
2. 2. Foldable cubic meter. This is the name of the volume occupied by the most densely stacked lumber in a stack and having voids, as well as gaps between individual wood products. It is determined by measuring the stack, and then multiplying the dimensions of the latter. Moreover, in such a package, the main amount of material should have approximately the same length, and the remaining products may be shorter, but not longer. It is allowed to have short sawn timber in piles, which should be tightly stacked one after another.

In order to quickly calculate the large volume of required purchased lumber, which is already prepared and stored in the form of a stack, the latter is first measured, and then its cubic capacity is calculated. This will calculate the folding cubature. Then its value must be multiplied by a special conversion factor. The result is the volume of only wood ( dense cubic meter), that is, exactly those materials that are bought and will be paid for.

The value of the conversion factor is regulated by a number of standards for lumber: GOST 6782.2-75, 6782.1-75, 6564-84, OST 13-24-86 and others. For timber and boards, depending on their moisture content and the type of wood from which they are made, it is in the range of 0.74–0.82.

We consider the required cubic capacity of timber for building a house

• Height external walls measured from the foundation level. Let's denote it as H.
• The height of the internal partition walls, if any, and should be made of timber.
• The length of the outer and internal walls.
• The number and length of the bars used in rafter system, as floor beams and, as well as in its other structures - if it is provided for by the project.

Then we select the thickness of the material for each of the above structural elements. For outdoor and indoor bearing walls depending on the purpose of the house being built and the region where it is being built. For non-bearing partitions - at your own discretion. The plinth (lowest) crown of the outer walls is usually slightly thicker than the rest of the timber for them. For other elements of the structure, the thickness of the material is selected based on the conditions of its operation, as well as the required strength of the structures in which it is used. In a well-designed project, by the way, the thickness of the timber used for the walls, the basement crown, and other building structures should already be indicated.

Now only pure arithmetic remains. First, we calculate the perimeter of the house - we add up the length of all its external wall structures. For a simple rectangular or square structure, you just need to add up its width and length, and multiply the resulting value by 2. Then we calculate the cubature of the base crown:

V C = T C ∙ Z C ∙ I, where

V C - total cubic capacity of basement lumber, m 3;

T C - thickness of the basement, m;

Z C - its width (height), m;

I - the perimeter of the outer walls, m.

Calculate the remaining height of the outer walls, m:

h \u003d H - Z Ts, where

H - total height, m.

We calculate the area of ​​​​external wall structures without a basement crown, m 2:

If the thickness of the material of the basement crown is the same as that of the entire wall, then the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe latter, m 2:

We calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe inner walls, the thickness of the lumber in which is the same as that of the outer ones, m 2:

S В1 = H В ∙ L В1 , where

H B - the height of the internal walls, m;

L B1 - the total (total) length of the internal walls, the material thickness of which is the same as that of the external ones, m.

We calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe internal walls, the thickness of the timber in which is different, m 2:

S B2 = H B ∙ L B2 , where

L B2 - the total length of the internal walls, the material thickness of which is different, m.

We calculate the cubature of the main lumber - for external walls and internal partitions from the same timber, m 3:

V S = (S Н + S В1) ∙ Z S , where

Z S - selected thickness of the product, m.

We determine the volume of material for internal partitions from another timber, m 3:

V B = S B2 ∙ Z B, where

Z B - selected material thickness for these partitions, m.

The results obtained (V C, V S and V B) are divided by the length of the purchased lumber and its selected width (height). Get the amount of material in pieces. We round this value to an integer value, and then we recalculate V Ts, V S and V V, as described in the second chapter.

To save on lumber, you should calculate the total areas of window, door and other openings for the corresponding walls. Then their values ​​\u200b\u200bshould be subtracted from S H, S B1 and S B2, respectively. After that, we calculate V S and V B using the same formulas. Then we increase the obtained values ​​​​by 10-20% - so that there is a margin just in case.

The cubic capacity of the timber for the rest of the elements of the house in which it is used is calculated even more simply. Its total length is calculated, which we multiply by the thickness and width selected for the material.

Our visitors often ask the question: how to calculate required amount bricks and wall blocks to build a house? Especially for private developers, we posted an example of calculating the number of bricks for construction two-story house size 10 by 10 meters (200 m2) with a ceiling height of 3 m (simplified version).

1. Determining the length of the outer walls: 10+10+10+10=40 m.
2. Determining the area of ​​the outer walls. To do this, the resulting length of the outer walls must be multiplied by the height of the house, i.e. 40*6=240 m2
3. Brick laying should be chosen. For example, let's take a laying of 2.5 bricks, while laying of 2 bricks will be made of double brick and one row (in half a brick) - from a single front.
4. In order to find the required number of bricks, you need to multiply the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe outer walls by the number of bricks in 1m2 of masonry (see table), 240 * 104 = 24960 pieces of double brick and 240 * 51 = 12240 pieces of front single brick.

Thus, for the construction of the house chosen by us, we need 24960 pcs. double stone and 12240 pcs. facing brick.

It should be noted that window and door openings were not taken into account in the calculation. However, even such a calculation allows you to determine the required amount of bricks, which in turn will help to draw up a budget and construction estimate. Do not forget to count the brick on internal partitions at home. When poking the front part of the masonry from the inside, more bricks are also consumed by 1/6 of the total volume of the front brick. We recommend buying facing brick in one batch at once, this will avoid the difference in brick shades and order 15-20% more than the calculated quantity. Below are tables for bricks and wall blocks. (payment wall materials, calculation of bricks per house)

gas silicate blocks

Comparative characteristics

Cellular concrete, foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, ceramic brick.

when buying bricks, reinforced concrete products and wall blocks (blocks made of cellular concrete) require accompanying documents: certificate or passport for products. In the absence of these documents, it is better not to be tempted to brick or other building material.

If you do not want to "drown the street", do not make the outer walls less than 2.5 bricks (that is, 64 cm) thick, otherwise the heat will leave the house. Otherwise, you can use well masonry with an attachment mineral plates based on basalt (ISOBOX) this will reduce the load on the foundation without losing thermal insulation properties walls.

When buying imported bricks, please note that European standards do not always coincide with domestic ones in size, frost resistance, strength indicators. Keep this in mind when using imported and Russian bricks together. It should also be taken into account that the thickness of domestic reinforced concrete elements(lintels, floor slabs) is a multiple of the height of domestic bricks.

Peter, Chelyabinsk asks a question:

Hello. I'm building in the summer country house near the city. I decided to make it out of brick. Due to the difficult economic situation and constantly rising prices, I decided to purchase bricks in advance. Therefore, I would like you to help me answer the question of how to calculate the cubic capacity of brickwork. I have not yet decided on the thickness of the wall, everything will depend on my financial resources for the purchase of the required amount of bricks. Therefore, I would like to know how to calculate the number of bricks for walls different thickness. And how difficult is it, can I cope with the calculations myself? Thanks in advance for your reply!

The expert answers:

The volume of the required number of bricks depends on the chosen masonry method.

Hello! This is very good decision- to purchase the main building material in advance, because no one knows whether the prices for a brick block will skyrocket this year or remain the same. The economy has been unpredictable lately.

There are few formulas that allow you to answer the question of how to calculate the cubic capacity of brickwork, and they are quite simple. To calculate, you absolutely do not need to have any additional knowledge in the field of mathematics, it will be enough to have the basic foundations. Even a schoolboy can cope with calculations.

In order for you to correctly calculate the cost of the purchase, you need to take into account not only the cost of the building material itself, but also its delivery and unloading.

The width of the wall directly depends on the blocks laid in it. The standard length is 25 cm. If the building is half a block, this means that the width of the wall is 12 cm. 1.5 bricks is 38 cm (12 cm + 25 cm + 1 cm per seam). 2 - 51 cm; 2.5 - 64 cm.

Thickness standard in middle lane RF is 1.5-2.5 bricks. To determine the required amount of basic building material, you need to calculate the cubic meters of the whole house. The first step is to find out the length of the perimeter of the building, you can do this with a tape measure or see its length in the project, if you have one. Measure along and across, if the windows are different, it will complicate things a bit. Multiplying these parameters, get the area of ​​the windows. Do the same for all doorways.

After the cubic meters of the house openings are calculated, they must be subtracted from the total cubic meters of the house.

When calculating, keep in mind that the length and width of all bricks are the same, but the height can be different: 6.5 cm; 8.8 cm and 13.8 cm.

Thus, for 1 sq.m of a single brick wall, 50 of them will be required. From one and a half - 39 pcs. if from a double - 26 pcs.

To get the required amount of material, you need to multiply the area by the number of bricks spent per 1 sq.m. To get the final result, multiply by 2 if the wall is 1 brick; by 3 if in 1.5; by 4 if in 2.

Now you know how to calculate the cubic capacity of brickwork yourself. In any case, all the calculations that you make will be approximate, the exact amount of material cannot be calculated. But there is nothing to worry about, because you can always buy the missing amount of building materials. Good luck with your construction!