Program for optimizing the cutting of logs. Sawing round wood: cutting map, necessary tool. Solving the problem of cutting logs

The SawsOptimization program is designed for sawmill technologists and planners and is a tool for optimizing sawmilling and achieving maximum useful output. The program has convenient and flexible settings and an intuitive interface, which greatly facilitates the development of the program and further work with it.

The initial data for the program are:

log dimensions

· Required dimensions of lumber and their cost.

· Characteristics of sawmill equipment.

The basic functionality of the program is the calculation of optimal deliveries based on these data. The program gives deliveries that can be implemented on this equipment and provide maximum yield or maximum cost of production, allows you to calculate the amount of ash content of boards, volume and cost finished products.

By registering on our website, you can download a demo version of the program in the "Documentation and support" section.

What's new in version 3.0

The SawsOptimization program of the previous version 2.3 is well known to many sawmillers and has gained wide popularity in Russia. Users of SawsOptimization2.3 will find the following improvements in the new version of the program:

· advanced options for customizing sawing profiles and equipment settings, including: additional settings for saws, profiling machines, saws and cutters, additional equipment profiles (Carousel, Linck, SAB, sawing in 3 passes), dependence of the width of the saws on the thickness of the cut.

· Special sawing modes: coreless board, sawing with a fixed thickness of the outer side boards, sawing material with a false core.

· Improved optimization engine gives better results in some cases.

· advanced options for operations with stubs: manual creation and editing, saving-reading, application of an arbitrary stub to a log of arbitrary sizes, selection of the optimal diameter for a stub.

· Automatic calculation of the saw sizes depending on final humidity in accordance with GOST 6782-1.75

In addition to the basic version, there is version 3.0 Professional, designed to optimize the sawmilling cycle from log sorting in large enterprises and, in addition to the above, has the following additional functionality:

· Planner functionality: group optimization for logs of different diameters, general specification of output for the entire log volume, planning and optimization to obtain the desired output by section.

Optimization for curvature

· optimization of sorting of logs by deliveries to obtain the maximum yield of products.

integration with OptiGrade log sorting optimization software

Brief description of the program features Saws Optimization Professional:

  • Batch optimization for all diameters, with the calculation of the optimal sets for each diameter, the total yield of sawn timber and the yield by section.

  • Possibility of optimization to achieve the required cross-sectional yield.

Example: it is required to optimally obtain an output of section 32x150 of at least 10%. We achieve this, while the overall yield drops from 52.24% to 51.83%.

  • Automatic optimization of sort group boundaries, as well as the ability to change the boundaries manually and see how changing the boundaries affects the output.

Example: changing the boundaries of the variety groups increased the yield to 52.66%

  • The ability to choose an alternative set for any variety group and see how a change in set will affect the overall yield.

  • Accounting for the availability of a cutting optimization system for an edge trimmer. Different widths of side boards in one set.

    Distribution of raw materials by diameters: the ability to either specify in pieces the remaining raw materials in the warehouse by diameters, or use a statistical distribution according to the sorting of logs. Consideration of all dimensional factors (diameter, runoff) when calculating the total output.

  • Detailed configuration of equipment profiles, the ability to set different profiles for different diameters.

For processing logs on a band sawmill, it is necessary to adhere to the accepted technology. Thus, you can get the maximum amount of quality materials - boards and timber. But first you should familiarize yourself with the basic rules of cutting.

Types of sawing wood

At the first stage, a carriage is formed from a log. To do this, cuts are made on its two sides. In some cases, processing is performed on four sides. A map of the band cut of the workpiece is preliminarily drawn up, on which the dimensions of the components are indicated.

The determining parameter when choosing a scheme is the direction of processing the log. In particular, the movement cutting edge about annual rings. According to this, sawn timber of various qualities is formed, which have a unique appearance. Not only their aesthetic qualities depend on this, but also the price.

There are the following types of cuts:

  • tangential. The cut is made tangentially relative to the annual rings. As a result, oblong patterns in the form of arches, rings are formed on the surface;
  • radial. For its implementation, perpendicular processing along the annual rings is necessary. A feature is a uniform pattern;
  • transverse. Processing occurs across the fibers, the cut pattern is an even cut of annual rings;
  • rustic. It can be done at any angle, contains a certain amount of knots, sapwood or other similar defects.

Often in the woodworking industry, waste from band sawing of logs is used - slab. On the one hand, a flat plane, and the other remains unfinished.

To draw up the most accurate cutting, it is recommended to use special programs. They take into account not only the dimensions of the source material, but also the type of wood.

Sawing on a sawmill with a log rotation of 180 °

To form the maximum number of boards, it is recommended to use a technology in which some of the tape processing processes are rotated by 180°. This allows you to achieve the maximum number of lumber with different types of cuts.

The principle of processing is to make initial cuts along the edges of the log, which are at an angle of 90 ° relative to each other. They will serve as the basis for further tape cutting. Works are carried out on equipment with a vertical arrangement of cutting elements. The diameter of the trunk must be at least 26 centimeters.

Step by step workflow.

  1. Processing of the side with the cut edge part. The result is two boards.
  2. Turning the workpiece by 90°. The cut is made from the opposite side. The number of products varies from 3 to 4.
  3. Repeated 90° turn. The main part of the source material is being processed. Depending on the planned ones, 7-8 blanks can be obtained.

Despite all their positive traits, this method has one significant drawback - the low production rate. It is recommended to use it on equipment that has a block for automatically changing the position of the log relative to the cutting part of the machine.

A detailed scheme is most often used for the manufacture of rustic boards, which are subject to reduced quality requirements.

Sawing on a sawmill with a log rotation of 90 °

For the manufacture of tangential and radial boards, it is recommended to use a different technique. It consists in systematic band processing of logs with simultaneous analysis of defects. Thus, products of the required quality can be obtained.

After delimbing, the workpiece is placed on the feed frame of the sawing machine. Then you need to do the following.

  1. Removal of the primary slab. It is carried out until the width of the base is 110-115 mm.
  2. Removing unedged boards with a thickness of about 28 mm.
  3. If the number of defects on the surface exceeds the required level, the material is rotated by 90°. When enough high quality board is cut next.
  4. Repetition of the operation.

A similar technique is applicable for processing installations that have one cutting surface or have the function of temporarily dismantling the rest.

When enough in large numbers defects, you can not postpone the workpiece, but perform its processing by turning 180 °.

The above tape processing technique can be applied to create any configuration of wood products. Often, the core area is used to form a beam, and the remaining parts are used to make boards. But there may be exceptions - it all depends on the required shape of the blanks.

The quality of work is affected by the current state of the sawmill, the level of saw sharpening and processing speed. These factors must be taken into account before starting the production process. If necessary, preventive maintenance or repair of equipment is carried out.

The video shows the method of sawing logs on a homemade band sawmill:

Sawing a forest is a cycle of actions using a variety of different technologies, aimed at obtaining lumber from round timber suitable for further use in industry. The duration and labor costs of the process depend on the chosen method of processing round timber, as well as the time of year.

Tool and equipment

Barrels go into production and big size branches. All material is divided into groups according to the thickness and presence of bark. Often, wood processing enterprises have workshops near the harvesting site, in which machines are installed for the initial processing of wood.

Manual debarking of the forest

Not past stage debarking wood can be used on flooring or as a ridge beam in a suitable interior, or as a supporting device during construction.

Industrial debarking

If another option for using the tree is planned, then sawing is carried out, resulting in the following segments:

  • unedged and semi-edged (rough material from which the bases of the floor, walls or ceiling are mounted);
  • edged (designed for finishing flooring).

The cut can be carried out by an outsourced organization that has all the necessary tools.

Tree sawing map

The rational use of the material is ensured by compliance with the sawing map. This allows you to reduce the cost due to waste, the percentage of which the card can significantly reduce. The used tools and types of forest processing equipment depend on the volume, desired quality and size of the finished lumber.

Most often use a circular saw and various machines:

  • circular saw allows you to make precise cuts different orientation. Suitable for both professional and home use, perfectly copes with the diameter of the round timber above the average;
  • chainsaw;
  • machines for clean removal of bark;
  • sawing on a band sawmill makes it possible to process dense logs, is considered the most popular, as the output gives quality material and a small amount of waste;
  • disk machine: production of two-edged timber and unedged boards;
  • a frame sawmill does not need a foundation, the technology with its use allows you to install equipment in close proximity to the cutting site;
  • the thinner is processed by universal machines, the output gives high-quality building materials even from low-grade whips;
  • sawing round timber at a large woodworking enterprise should be carried out with the largest amount of sawn timber, which differs from the rest in special quality and exact dimensions. For this purpose, special lines are installed for sawing.

At the sawmill, a beam and an edged board are obtained due to the cut of a log up to 7 m long and 15-80 cm in diameter along the longitudinal line. A circular saw has one or more discs, it processes different diameter forests according to their number.

If at home it is necessary to process a small amount of wood, then you can use a regular chainsaw.

cutting wood

Before choosing a tool, you need to decide on the type of cut, focusing on the annual rings of the log. There are several types:

  • radial (along the radius);
  • tangential (the cut is parallel to one radius, touches the annual rings);
  • the fibers are arranged parallel to the cut being made.

Among the cutting methods, the one that is most suitable for a particular case is selected:

  1. Razval. Sawing the forest in this way is carried out for deciduous trees with a small trunk thickness, it is considered the simplest processing. Exit: unedged elements and slabs.
  2. If there is another woodworking machine, then it is possible to cut up to 65% of the material to produce edged boards of the same width. First, a two-edged timber and boards are sawn from the sides, and then a certain amount of edged lumber is obtained from the timber.
  3. More specific methods are sector and segment sawing. The number of elements in the first method varies from 4 to 8, and depends on the thickness of the trunk. After separation, elements are sawn from each sector along a tangential or radial line. The second method begins with the exit of the beam from the central part, and boards are sawn from the side segments in a tangential direction.
  4. For individual sawing of wood, the circular method is suitable. It is based on turning the log along the longitudinal line by 90° after each sawn board. This allows you to monitor the quality of wood and timely remove the affected areas of the trunk.

Handmade: chainsaw application

For home cutting of several trunks, it is not advisable to purchase a tool whose cost is several times higher than the price finished products. If you have the necessary skill, then it is more efficient and cheaper to do the whole necessary work conventional chainsaw, or chain equipment powered by electricity. Of course, such work requires much more physical costs and time, but the price of the issue is significantly reduced.

Work on garden plot needs pruning fruit trees, and it also becomes possible to additionally produce material for outbuildings without resorting to the services of specialists, so that any zealous owner would prefer to buy a chainsaw. Most often, conifers are harvested for the home, and this tool does an excellent job of sawing them. Thanks to even trunks, it is easier to outline the cut lines, which increases the speed of work. Professionals, by the way, most often use a chainsaw, since it is more powerful than an electric one and you can use it anywhere, regardless of whether there is a cutting or sawing of power supplies at the site.

To work with a chainsaw on cutting logs, you will need such a device as a nozzle on the saw, as well as saw cut guides and base-trunk fixers. The nozzle in the form of a frame is attached to the tool so that it remains possible to adjust the distance between the chain and the frame itself. This is done to enable the output of finished lumber, different in thickness. For the role of the guide, you can take either a profile of the desired length, or a flat wooden plank with sufficient rigidity. A special chain is selected for the tool, designed to cut the trunk along. Its difference from the rest is in the teeth, sharpened at a certain angle.

Before starting work, it is necessary not only to prepare all the necessary tools. Regardless of whether a woodworking machine is intended for processing the trunk or hand fixture, the first step is to familiarize yourself with the cut map. This is done in order to minimize the percentage of waste, and increase the yield of useful products.

The first thing you need to worry about when ripping is the uniform density of the finished boards. To do this, a competent sawmiller directs the tool from the east side of the log to the west, or in the opposite direction. This is due to the greater density of round timber in its northern part than in the southern.

Next, the slab is removed from both sides with a chainsaw in such a way as to obtain a two-edged beam. It, in turn, is sawn in accordance with the sawing scheme chosen at the beginning of the work. The output gives an unedged board. If there is a certain percentage of defects in the trunk, then a circular cut is possible with the trunk turning at a right angle or 180 °.

Quantity of finished material, cut price

The output of useful material from coniferous and hardwood differs in percentage terms. For lumber obtained from coniferous trees, are characterized by the following indicators:

  • provided that the operation is carried out by a professional, and is used circular sawmill, the percentage of finished wood will be the highest (80-85%);
  • edged material, which is given by machines, averages 55-70%;
  • unedged board when working with a chainsaw leaves up to 30% of waste.

The figures are given without taking into account the finished rejected wood, the amount of which can reach 30%. However, such material is used for products that allow a certain marriage.

Deciduous round timber gives 60% of the finished unedged wood and about 40% of the trimmed wood. This is due to the initial curvature of the round timber. You can increase the amount of products received: this will require woodworking machines of various kinds. A certain kind of fixture can increase the amount of lumber by 10-20%. For one cube of lumber, you will need about 10 cubes of hardwood round timber. The price of installing additional equipment will pay off the cost of the finished forest. Special lines give more volume, but their use is advisable only on large area. The average price of sawing wood for conventional sawmill will be approximately 150-180 rubles per cubic meter of boards.

sawing map

The sawing map is a calculation of the optimal amount of finished lumber from one log. It can be calculated independently for each specific log diameter, or you can use computer program, which greatly facilitates the calculation, and the price of which is quite affordable.

Or the source can be a regular guide to sawmilling. The result is a table that is taken as a basis. The sawmill must always be oriented to its data, in order to obtain more lumber of any kind of wood.

To obtain a high percentage of lumber from round logs at the output, several different technologies are used, including certain cycles of actions. The time of sawing round wood and the labor intensity of the process varies, depending on the chosen processing method, the place of work, the season. So, some enterprises build shops for the primary processing of raw materials near the place of logging and save on this.

Not only trunks are processed, but also large branches. Roundwood is sorted by size and bark. Trunks that have not passed sorting are used in the future for rough work (manufacturing scaffolding and etc.). When accepting raw materials from the supplier, not only the cubic capacity is checked, but also the presence of damage, rot, knots - such materials do not meet the technical specifications. Flaws in wood reduce the percentage of finished products at the output, and knots can damage equipment.

Before sawing, trunk debarking is often carried out (removal of the bark on special machine) - this process is optional, but considered economical:

  • due to the absence of stuck pebbles and sand in the bark, the saw is preserved from premature wear;
  • improves the quality of chip material;
  • some enterprises do not accept slabs from unbarked logs for processing;
  • the error of the results when sorting the forest with the help of electronics is reduced.

Types of wood cutting

First of all, you need to decide on the type of cut - there are several of them. Tangential - the cut goes tangentially to the growth rings, the surface is obtained with patterns in the form of rings, arches. Boards obtained in this way are cheaper, but have high percentages of shrinkage and swelling.

Radial - a cut along the radius, perpendicular to the growth rings, the pattern is uniform, the exit of the board is small, but it differs higher quality and more durability.

Rustic - carried out at any angle, defects, knots, sapwood, etc. are visible.

Cutting methods

For each specific case, a cutting method is selected.

Vrazval - the most economical, almost no waste, a high percentage of finished timber. The output is not edged boards and two croakers.

With a bar - first they get a two-edged bar, unedged boards, two slabs. Then the beam is sawn perpendicular to the saw cut into edged boards, two unedged boards and two slabs are obtained along the edges.

Sector - first, the log is sawn into 4-8 sectors, and then each of them into radial or tangential materials. Sometimes several unedged boards are sawn in the center.

Split-segment - with such a cut, two or more unedged boards are cut in the center of the trunk, and edged one-sided boards are sawn from the segments on the sides.

Beam-segment - similar to break-segment, only in the middle of the log a two-edged beam is cut, which is then sawn into edged boards. The yield of lumber is high.

Circular - after sawing off one or more unedged boards, the log turns 90 0 and the next boards are sawn off. This method is used when a large log is affected by heart rot in the center. With its help, healthy wood is separated from low-quality wood.

Aggregate - with the use of milling tools and circular saws, along with high-quality lumber, technological chips are obtained at the output (instead of slabs and slats). Such complex processing of the forest allows rational use of raw materials and labor costs. It turns out waste-free production of finished lumber.

Required Tool

The choice of tools depends on the quantity of the planned finished product, its quality and the size of the products. Most often, the cut is performed with a circular saw. At certain stages of production, the use of special machines is required.

The circular saw makes precise cuts in any direction, perfectly copes with any size log, suitable for professional and home use.

It is used for home use when it is necessary to prepare a small amount of lumber. It is easier to do more difficult work with a chainsaw than to buy expensive equipment. It will only need a special nozzle, a fixative for the trunk and cutting guides.

Bark removal machines. They are quite expensive, but with regular use in an enterprise where large amounts of work are performed, they quickly pay for themselves. It is not necessary to use them, but it is desirable, because a number of economic advantages and conveniences in the production process can be obtained by doing so.

And you will also need:

  • Disc machine - for obtaining unedged materials from the forest at the exit.
  • The band sawmill produces high-quality lumber and a low percentage of waste.
  • Frame sawmill - does not need a foundation and can be installed directly in logging sites.
  • Universal machines are able to produce high-quality material even from low-grade wood.




In order to obtain ultra-precise and high-quality products, entire complexes of modern equipment are installed at enterprises with mass production, and timber cutting is carried out of any complexity.

Technological map of sawing

To calculate the optimal percentage of obtaining finished lumber from a log, a map of sawing the forest is drawn up. These calculations can be done independently or using a special computer program. Such information can still be obtained in the usual directory, which contains information on sawmilling.

The cutting map allows you to determine how many finished products will be at the output, what percentage of waste will be recycled. Based on these data, you can determine the final cost of production. The result can largely depend on the type of forest. There are some measures to increase the yield of lumber.

The percentage of lumber at the exit is ready for use in work, useful wood. Waste - raw materials for the production of MDF, chipboard, fiberboard. These volumes will depend on the diameter of the tree, the types of products made from solid wood, sawing option.

Percentage of round timber

An accurate count of each cubic meter of wood, an expensive natural raw material, is important at every woodworking enterprise. Cubic meters of roundwood are calculated in several ways.

By volume of transport. For each type of transport, its own cubic capacity of the forest is calculated and established. For example, a wagon holds 70.5 cubic meters of round wood. Then in three wagons it will be 22.5 cubic meters. This counting method speeds up the acceptance of raw materials, this is especially important with a large amount of incoming cargo. But at the same time, there is a large error in the results of calculations in this way.

Calculation for the volume of one trunk. If the entire logging consists of timber of the same size, then by counting the volume of one, you can count them all and multiply by the cubic capacity of one. This method is more accurate, but it requires a lot of time and attracting more workers to receive the goods.

Automated systems with measuring frames. These measurements give higher percentages of accuracy than those taken by humans. When the logs pass through the measuring frame, all thickening and curvature of the trunk and even knots are taken into account. In this case, you can immediately sort the trunks.

A method of calculation by multiplying the volume by a factor. The height, width, length of the stack is measured and multiplied by a factor. This calculation is fast, but with a low percentage of accuracy. It is used when it is urgent to determine the number of cubic meters.

Dependence of the final yield percentage on sawing technology

To increase the yield of finished lumber, it is necessary to optimize the sawing process itself. This is especially true when working with workpieces that have curvature, damage or other flaws:

  • First, you need to select and put into production only high-quality wood.
  • Then select trunks with damage at the ends (rot, cracks) and trim these places.
  • With a section of the trunk with a rotten core, it is necessary to remove it, and cut the remaining wood into lumber. They will be shorter, but better quality.
  • And also for obtaining a high-quality board, the circular cut method is suitable.
  • Higher percentage of yield when sawing timber with a large diameter.

The output also depends on the quality of the log, the type of wood, the equipment used. New high-quality, well-tuned equipment allows you to process trunks almost without loss.

The efficiency of cutting the forest can be increased if special measures are taken in advance. To do this, it is necessary to make accurate calculations using digital programs. If this is done manually, then the percentage of marriage in the output will be greater. It should be noted in advance that conifers forests, a greater percentage of the output of lumber is obtained. Because their trunks are even, large, less prone to decay and therefore almost without marriage. From deciduous, a large volume is often discarded.

For rational use wood it is better to take short logs. But in domestic production, trunks with a length of 4 m or more are usually taken for sawing. Because of their curvature, the output is a large percentage of marriage.

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