How to make drainage in the garden. How to make a drainage of a garden suburban area with your own hands, a diagram of the drainage system of a suburban area. Stone and fashin drainage in the garden

Euphorbia grass is unpretentious and blooms beautifully, it is used in medicinal and decorative purposes. The plant is called euphorbia (Euphorbia), its homeland is the island of Madagascar. About 200 species of milkweed grow on the territory of Russia, which has a laxative, analgesic, antihelminthic, diuretic and anti-inflammatory effect on the body, among them - field, bordered, tirucalli. Before using the plant medicinal purposes it is worth getting a doctor's advice.

Chemical composition

Because of huge amount Euphorbia is difficult to study their composition thoroughly. Nevertheless, it is known what substances are contained in almost every variety.

This list is represented by alcohol compounds, rubber, resin, flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins, biologically active substances and organic acids. The components of milky juice include mineral salts, euphorbon, amorphous gum.

Features of different types

Depending on the species, euphorbia looks like a grass, shrub or small tree with different leaves and stems, with or without spines. The leaves may be thin, broad, branched or straight, the stems may be fleshy or thin, columnar or triangular.

All varieties of milkweed contain a white milky juice, usually poisonous, with a pronounced odor. Euphorbia of some species refers to weeds that do not bring any benefit, other varieties are medicinal, decorate personal plots, help repel caterpillars, bedbugs and insects.

The most popular types of plants are:

• spurge Pallas;
• cypress spurge;
• white-veined;
• triangular;
• trihedral;
• spurge "cactus".

Pallas has a high content of selenium, which is necessary for hematopoiesis. This type of euphorbia has a lot of useful properties, among its other names is the root man, Fisher's spurge. Tinctures are prepared from the plant, which help improve the condition of the body with impotence, mastopathy, oncological processes, lichen and anemia.

There are two versions of the origin of one of the famous names:

1. 1. The whole root resembles the appearance of a male figure.
2. 2. Euphorbia Pallasii has a positive effect on the regulation of androgen metabolism, therefore men who have problems with potency are recommended to use products based on it.

Cypress herbaceous plants low (up to 40 cm in height), they are characterized by the presence of leaves, which, according to the description, are similar to coniferous branches of small sizes and are resistant to action low temperatures. Flowering occurs twice per season. Water tincture has a pronounced antibacterial, diuretic, laxative and analgesic effect. This remedy is useful in tumors of a malignant nature, when the stomach, liver or uterus is affected. Euphorbia juice is used to treat the skin: to get rid of warts, corns and wen.

White-leaved spurges consist of a base in the form of a stem and oval leaves, which are located on its top in tiers. Adult euphorbias of this kind look like a palm tree.

triangular plants they are practically not used in folk medicine, they are mainly grown only for decorative purposes. Euphorbia of this species has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Indoor (home) spurge is placed in well-lit areas of the room, it is suitable for growing in winter gardens and greenhouses, in wild nature found in America and Africa.

Triangular spurges are covered small flowers, propagated by cuttings. There are numerous shoots and dense spines, serrated ribs.

Assessing outwardly cactus-like spurges, one can notice some similarities with cacti. But in this case there are flowers and inflorescences. Euphorbia of this species is a succulent, a flower with large fleshy triangular stems, which are covered with a stratum corneum along the edges. The height of adult plants is 1-2 meters, the spines are painted red-brown. Creating optimal conditions provides for the presence of scattered sunlight and minimal moisture. Dry air does not harm cactus-like euphorbia, but they begin to rot from an excess amount of water, so watering is significantly reduced in winter.

Among known properties- pain relief, inflammation, antihelminthic, antitumor and diuretic. Euphorbia preparations are used as laxatives, as well as to eliminate puffiness, bite marks, age spots, warts, corns, scabies, wounds, fungal infections, seizures and gout. Unsaturated infusions are useful in pathological processes in the stomach, kidneys and intestines, they are used to treat eczema.

The plant has many beneficial properties, but there is also harm. Using it for medicinal and other purposes, you need to be careful - if the juice gets on damaged areas skin and mucous membranes may burn. An overdose is very dangerous, it can be fatal.

There are contraindications to the use of milkweed. The plant is not used during childbearing and breastfeeding, with allergic reactions to its components. Before starting treatment for any disease, you should consult your doctor.

The use of milkweed

Common spurge is useful in the form of honey, juice, root and preparations made from them. The use of honey as a unique composition with a high content of iodine is carried out with violations in the thyroid gland, liver and of cardio-vascular system, with chronic fatigue, sclerosis, kidney stones, ulcers, gastritis, problems with falling asleep and rheumatism. Juice has a tonic effect, it is used in minimal doses and very carefully. The root is harvested in autumn, alcohol and water tinctures, various decoctions are prepared from it.

Recipes:

• Wart tincture. To get the medicine, you need to take dry grass (1 tsp), prepare the required volume of boiling water (½ l) and pour raw materials into it. The bath should be infused for half an hour. Strain it before using.
• A decoction for the stomach. For treatment, you need to prepare a decoction of the root (5 g) and water passed through the filter (½ l). After boiling, keep the liquid at a minimum heat for 10 minutes. The finished medicine is used for internal use in a single dose of 1 tbsp. l. The recommended frequency of administration is 3 r. / day, the recommended time of use is before meals.
• An effective remedy for lichen. To treat the affected areas of the skin, it is necessary to use fresh milk obtained from a plant of any kind. Lubricate the skin, leave the product for 20 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
• Milk from corns. Lubricate the corn with milk. To get the desired effect, wear socks.
• Depilation tool. Take fresh milk and, spreading it over the glass, place it in a dark, dry place. When the milk dries, take it in an amount of 1 tsp, combine with water (0.5 tbsp.). Rub the product into the skin, making massage movements.

Tincture

The crushed main ingredient in dry form (50 g) is poured with vodka (1 l) and sent to a dark place for 14 days. The finished product is filtered, taken according to one of the proposed schemes:

1. 1. Take 15 drops 3 times a day. Daily increase the initial dose by adding one drop at a time. When the dose is increased to 30 drops, gradually reduce it to 15 drops.
2. 2. Use in the amount of 8-10 drops. 3 rubles / day half an hour before meals.
3. 3. First take 1 cap. 3 rubles / day before eating food. Every day, add 1 cap. Until their number is 30 cap., Then reduce the dose by 1 cap. in reverse order.

With regular use of alcohol tincture for at least two months, it is possible to get rid of impotence, prostatitis, cystitis, headache and bleeding. Such a remedy is also useful for women, namely, with infertility, uterine myoma, cysts, mastopathy and fibroids.

Any medicinal plants should be used with the advice of a physician. Do not self-medicate, it can be dangerous to health.

Euphorbia grass is a common perennial from the numerous Euphorbia family, which can harm horticultural crops, drowning out their growth, and at the same time help the human body cope with a variety of ailments.

It comes from amazing plant from Madagascar, but, against the backdrop of climate change, it has spread throughout the world. More than one and a half hundred species are found on the territory of Russia and the CIS, all of them have one thing in common - poisonous milky juice that fills parts of the grass. This toxic liquid has been successfully used in folk medicine, but with caution, nevertheless, the juice contains poisons. What are the benefits of milkweed juice, how dangerous is it and how to use it correctly?

General description of milkweed

It is difficult to describe all the varieties and subspecies of milkweeds, because there are actually about 2000 of them. They are found in Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, the territories of the Caucasus and Central Asia. Euphorbia can grow as shrubs, perennials or annual plants and even small trees.

Some species have high decorative characteristics, therefore, are used to decorate garden and garden plots. However, common or garden spurge is more common - a malicious weed, the fight against which can take a lot of time and effort.

Aboveground part

This plant can grow up to several meters in height, has a thick, strong, fleshy stem and large, triangular leaves topped with pointed spines. Only one adult plant requires an area of ​​​​up to half a meter.

But, milkweed is not only unfriendly appearance, but also poisonous juice, which is contained in large quantities in the stem and leaf plates.

root system

It is extremely difficult to remove this weed from the ground, since its developed, powerful rhizome firmly clings to the ground and its central part goes far inland. This feature provides spurge with another advantage - the plant tolerates even long dry periods, as it can extract moisture from deep soil layers.

Looking at a strong, voluminous bush, and given its poisonousness, few people will come up with the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bfighting it with their bare hands.
Under the scorching rays, the foliage of milkweed droops, reducing the area of ​​​​evaporation. At favorable conditions grass is capable of a short time flood large areas. Moreover, she is practically not interested in the quality of the soil, euphorbia grows well in any soil and can be found even on rocky slopes.

How common euphorbia reproduces

Reproduction of common milkweed occurs by seeds that ripen in large quantities. In addition, lateral roots produce an abundance of strong, viable shoots. This makes it even more difficult to deal with an unpleasant and very intrusive guest. After all, cutting the grass, not pulling out the root, the weed does not die, but gives a large number of new shoots.

It is interesting! With the help of this weed, you can save the area from bedbugs and leaf-eating caterpillars.

Features of flowering

Euphorbia blooms for several weeks - from July to August. Flowers are monoecious. With a cup that surrounds them, similar to a bedspread. The inflorescence consists of one female flower and a dozen men.

At the end of flowering, three-lobed fruits remain on the plant.

Varieties of garden milkweed
Not all spurges are so intrusive and harmful to gardening, many of them look great on garden beds without requiring special care:

• Bordered - a pretty plant, the leaves of which have an interesting color. A wide snow-white strip runs along their edges, contrasting with the greenery of the main background. The plant propagates by itself, by self-seeding.

spurge bordered

• Cypress - attracts attention during the flowering period, as it is completely covered with bright, greenish-yellow flowers. The bush is easily propagated by cuttings and layering of roots. It gets along well in the new territory, conquering it, therefore cypress euphorbia is referred to as ground cover plants.

Euphorbia cypress

• - grows in the form of a small, spherical bush, blooming profusely throughout the warm season. There are many flowers, they are bright yellow, giving the plant an elegant look. The variety is resistant to frost, does not need shelter, propagated by cuttings and dividing the bush.

• Almond-shaped is a favorite of many gardeners who like it because of its bright light green flowers that move with the wind. This half-meter bush is thermophilic, therefore it takes root exclusively in southern regions Russia.

Euphorbia almond-shaped

• Myrtle leaf is another inhabitant of the south, whose height does not exceed 20 cm. When it grows, it forms a beautiful green carpet.

spurge myrtle

• Capitate - undersized euphorbia, growing in a dense, slightly rising carpet above the ground. During flowering it is covered with yellow flowers.

Euphorbia capitate

Euphorbia can be incredibly beautiful or terribly annoying, but in any case, this plant has unique features. People have used its juice in medicine since time immemorial, and so far it has not lost its relevance.

Procurement and storage

Almost all parts of milkweed have found their application in traditional medicine. Raw materials can be purchased at ready-made or prepare it yourself, taking into account some nuances:

• the collection should not include components of other medicinal plants;
• it is better to collect euphorbia away from the urban environment and the roadway;
• it is recommended to do this where the grass grows in large quantities.

There are recipes for the use of almost all parts of the plant - root, stem, juice. It is recommended to prepare them separately.

milkweed juice

It is extracted from a fresh plant, then subjected to evaporation in a water bath until the liquid thickens and poured into a glass container. The composition is stored in a cool place.

Root preparation

The rhizome is dug up, cleared of the soil, poured with boiling water and dried at a temperature of + 40C.

Stem and grass

The harvesting method is simple - the raw materials are harvested before flowering, the milky juice is squeezed out of it, and the remains are laid out for drying. So that the stems and leaves do not rot, it is important to ensure good ventilation of the room where they are dried, you can periodically stir up the mass.

milkweed flowers folk medicine are rarely used, but if you need to prepare them, then you can follow the previous algorithm - collect and dry.

Herbalists advise to store the workpiece in glass jars, far away from sun rays. The maximum shelf life of dried raw materials is 1 year. It should be used during this period, as it later loses its medicinal properties.

The benefits of Euphorbia-herb

O useful properties milkweed can be spoken endlessly, only its poisonous milky juice is used to treat the most various diseases and successfully established itself as a powerful homeopathic remedy:

• Euphorbia has a diaphoretic, diuretic effect, relieves pain and inflammation.
• Its composition is rich in nitrogen-containing natural compounds, gum, saponizides, tanning agents, zuforbon.
• Enzymatic substances of the plant contribute to the maintenance of immunity in leukemia.
• Euphorbia is an aphrodisiac, antiseptic, and also has a pronounced antibacterial effect.
• In ancient times, the juice of this herb was used to treat insect, snake, animal bites and skin ulcers.
• The extract and juice of the plant are effective in anticancer therapy, even with extensive growth of tumor formations.
  It should be noted that grass juice is able to prevent the process of metastasis. The lactones contained in the plant, penetrating into the circulatory system, enter the site of the tumor localization and help where the surgeon's scalpel cannot reach.

Interesting! Ancient Egyptian healers prepared drugs from milkweed that helped with dermatological ailments - eczema, fungi, warts. Helps relieve bleeding and headaches

So far at skin diseases grass juice is applied to the affected areas with lichen, scabies, warts.

By drinking milkweed juice, you can get rid of diarrhea, increase the healing of hemorrhoids, and achieve an emetic effect. It is included in the complex treatment of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases.

Ways to use milkweed

There are many recipes on how to use fresh juice and prepare healing remedies for milkweed. But it is worth remembering the toxicity of the plant, strictly adhere to the recipe and the recommended dosage.

Infusion from warts

The composition is prepared as follows: 1 tsp of dried raw materials is poured into 500 ml of boiling water and infused under the lid for half an hour. The liquid is filtered and used for baths.

Milkweed gastric decoction

If you suffer from stomach problems, you can prepare the following remedy: 10 g of the root is poured with a liter of water and the composition is boiled for 10-15 minutes over low heat. The broth should be filtered to drink daily - 1 tablespoon three times a day, before meals.

Treatment of lichen and calluses with milk

Fresh juice of the stem or leaves of milkweed is applied to the affected areas. And after a quarter of an hour it is washed off large quantity water.

When getting rid of corns and corns, it is recommended to wear socks to enhance the effect and eliminate the possibility of contamination. After each event, it is desirable to treat the skin with pumice, and you can completely get rid of the problem after 5-7 procedures.

Removal of unwanted hair

Powder is used for depilation - dried milk of a plant, which is aged for some time on glass surface away from the sun, but warm.

Before the procedure, 1 tsp of dry product should be broken into 100 ml of water and the resulting liquid should be rubbed onto desired areas. After a few activities, you can notice the effect - frequent hair removal is not required.

Powder for the treatment of shortness of breath

To prepare the product, you will need all parts of the herb - stem, rhizome, foliage. They must be thoroughly washed and boiled in a small volume of water. The liquid is drained, and parts of the plant are laid out to dry in a thin layer.

When the plant material dries completely, it should be ground to a powder and stored in a glass container. The remedy is taken at 1 tsp per day, it is recommended to drink a small amount of liquid. And also it is recommended to use it for the treatment of epilepsy.

This is only a small part of the recipes for the manufacture of medicinal formulations with milkweed. But, you should not use them on your own, without a preliminary recommendation from a doctor, because we are talking about a plant containing toxic substances. And in some cases, their use is completely contraindicated.

Precautions and contraindications

It is best to entrust the preparation of potions from this plant to experienced herbalists. Or, do it yourself, but using a proven recipe, and strictly follow the indicated proportions. The duration of treatment and dosage should still be determined by a specialist - exceeding the dose can lead to intoxication, skin irritation and other troubles.

It should be strictly ensured that milkweed juice or products based on it get into the eyes, this threatens not only with serious burns, but also with blindness.

Conclusion

Euphorbia, both herb and houseplants, have pronounced medicinal properties and contain a large amount of medicinal substances. But, some components are quite toxic, which requires careful handling of this natural medicine. Therapy should be beneficial, not harmful, which means that it is important to take into account all the features.

The need for drainage of the site arises in the area where groundwater is close and a significant amount of precipitation falls. To avoid washing out and waterlogging of the soil, as well as undermining foundations and flooding basements, you should professionally approach the organization of the drainage system.

For the first time, a system for collecting and discharging water outside land plots was created in ancient Babylon, and, despite the fact that centuries later, technology has advanced significantly, today the drainage of the site is carried out according to the same principle.

Varieties of drainage systems

By purpose, drainage systems are divided into the following types:

• superficial (open type),
• deep (closed type).

Surface drainage of the site, in turn, is divided into:

• pinpoint. In the organization of the point system, storm water inlets, settling tanks (drainage drains), storm dampers and ladders are used. Stormwater inlets are installed directly under the drains of gutter roofs, in doorways, under watering pipes and taps, as well as in those places where local water collection is required. Point catchment effectively complements linear drainage where you need efficient and fast drainage from the site. The water collectors are connected by underground pipes through which water enters the storm sewer well. Point drainage of the site allows you to effectively remove excess moisture that has fallen in the form of precipitation. Regular cleaning and professional maintenance is a prerequisite for the quality operation of this system.
• linear. It can be both wall-mounted and remote from buildings. Linear system represented by trays with gratings designed to receive rainfall that did not fall into the point sewerage system. The catchment point is storm well. This option is most relevant for areas where groundwater is not too close to the surface. Device storm drain does not involve serious surface preparation. All that is required is to create flat slopes on both sides of the drain line. This will help reduce the risk of soil shrinkage, reduce the length of storm channels, and increase the catchment area. The drainage system is connected to the storm drain through horizontal and vertical outlets. To improve the efficiency of the system, experts recommend equipping it with sand traps;
• . The construction of a deep system is carried out in areas where groundwater is located at a distance of up to 2.5 meters, and provides for a significant amount of earthworks. Therefore, experts recommend starting its arrangement before the start of building a house.

Deep drainage of the site can be:

• pipe. It is used if the groundwater in the area lies deep. To create it, perforated pipes (drains) are required. Pipes are laid underground at a certain slope, moisture enters them through holes and is transported to collection points (storage well, drainage tunnel, storm sewer well);
• reservoir. One of the most common types of deep drainage system. It is laid at the base of the building and provides for the organization of a crushed stone filter pad.

If available in your area heavy rains, it is worth choosing a hybrid system that provides for the organization deep drainage of the site and storm sewers. Stormwater can be both point and linear.

Preparation for the construction of drainage

There are several types of sites that are guaranteed to be indispensable without a dehumidification system. These include:

• located on lands with a high content of clay - even with a little rain, puddles will constantly stand on the site;
• high threshold ground water;
• with flat surface, as a result of which water does not have the ability to drain anywhere;
• located at the bottom of the slopes - during floods or melting snow they are instantly flooded.

The choice of the type of drainage of the garden plot should be based on the territorial relief. However, before thinking about which type of soil drainage to give preference to, you need to know that there are two types of system:

• open;
• closed.

open system

The easiest way to do it yourself in the country is to make open-type drainage. It is suitable for those areas where water drainage is needed after precipitation or snow melt. The advantages of this system are the simplicity of the device and the low price. For its implementation, it is required to dig around a residential building drainage ditches, the depth of which should be 0.5 m.

On the side where the water comes from, the trench should have a slope of about 30 degrees in order for the water to flow as actively as possible. Thus dug right amount ditches, which are connected into one, ending with a well. Next, you need to check whether the slope is sufficient, because if it turns out to be too small, then stagnation of water will occur in this place. In such a situation, you just need to change the slope of the sewage ditches so that the moisture quickly leaves even with heavy precipitation.

There is one significant drawback in the open-type drainage system - an unpresentable appearance. To compensate for this, the ditches are covered with gravel: a larger fraction is placed at the bottom, and a smaller one at the top. The material should be large enough, but for the top layer it is permissible to use smaller gravel or pebbles.

closed system

Drainage of a summer cottage of a closed (deep) type is used for areas where groundwater is located very high. It will protect you from flooding. basements Houses. This method requires more effort and financial costs compared to an open dehumidification system, since it cannot do without laying pipes.

The pipe laying depth depends on the type of soil - 60 cm for clay and 100 cm for sandy. The diameter of the main pipes is 100 mm, and the additional pipes are slightly smaller - 75 mm.

The drainage scheme of a closed-type site is called a "herringbone", according to the method of laying pipes. Such a system implies an obligatory element: a ditch or a well for drainage. The device of this design will require a lot of effort, but it will pay off in dry times, since water from the gutter can be used when watering the garden.

For the drainage system, corrugated perforated plastic pipes are used. They are environmentally friendly, do not cause difficulties during installation, and are inexpensive. The process of their installation directly depends on the type of soil on the site.

A high content of clay will require the use of a special filter material. If the soil is of crushed stone type, crushed stone must be placed under the pipe (a layer about 20 cm thick). If the soil in the area is loamy, the pipes are wrapped with geotextiles. Recently, you can purchase ready-made wrapped pipes and immediately proceed with self-installation of drainage at their summer cottage.

Tips for proper drainage:

• Decide on type of drainage system
• If there is heavy rainfall in your area, you will need to quickly remove them surface drainage. But to lower the groundwater level, a drainage system should be organized deep type. In order to determine if a drainage system is needed in your area, you should conduct a simple test. Dig a hole in the area to a depth of 0.6 m and fill it with water. If the water has gone during the day, there is no need for drainage, but if the water remains in the pit, this means that the soil on the site is quite dense and you cannot do without a drainage system.
• During the design process, correctly calculate system load
• Load degree on the system depends on the characteristics of the soil in the area, the filtration coefficient in different time year, saturation of the soil with moisture, volume of water inflow. If you are installing a domestic drainage system, the load on which will be low, you can use polymer drains, plastic trays and gratings. If serious loads on the system are foreseen, from plastic elements better to refuse. Proper drainage in this case, it will involve the use of channels, gutters and wells made of concrete.
• Use quality materials.

Drainage System Efficiency directly depends on the quality of the materials used in its installation. Therefore, do not try to create drainage pipes or any other elements of the system yourself. This dubious savings can turn into significant expenses for you. It is also not recommended to use ordinary plastic pipes. Drainage pipes are not much more expensive than conventional ones. pvc pipes. But at the same time, the latter work less efficiently, but they clog quickly. The best option there will be the use of rigid corrugated drainage pipes with a smooth inner surface.

• Take care of filters

Proper site drainage involves the use of geotextiles. By wrapping perforated pipes with geofabric, you eliminate the risk of sand getting into them. Also, do not forget about sand traps. These are special devices that are capable of retaining small debris (sand, plant seeds, leaves, anything that can clog the storm drain). A drainage system equipped with sand traps will work as efficiently as possible, quickly coping with a significant amount of liquid.

Drainage of sites on slopes

If your site is located on a slope, the first ditch should be dug at the very top of it. This will prevent waterlogging of the soil in the area below. The second ditch should be parallel to the first and be in the lowest part of the estate. You can connect two ditches with a trench, into which an underground pipe will be laid in the future. All water from the site will be collected in the lower ditch and drain into a reservoir or drainage well. In order for the walls of the ditch not to crumble over time, they should be made at an angle 20-30°. In a similar way, trenches for deep drainage are made using pipes.

Proper open-type drainage is quite possible to do with your own hands, and quite quickly. And here is the installation deep systems will require certain knowledge and skills, significant labor and time costs.

Construction works

After the materials have been purchased and the place for the future gutter has been determined, the installation of the structure can begin. First, ditches are dug, the bottom of which is lined with geotextiles (it must be laid with a margin). If you do not want to use geotextiles, then sand must be laid on the bottom, with a layer of about 10 cm or a little more. From above, the pipes are covered with expanded clay or very large gravel. by the most top layer put the soil removed when digging trenches.

It is necessary to monitor the angle of inclination of the pipes. The correct indicator is 7 cm per 10 m of pipe. Parts of pipes are connected by tees or crosses.

Withdrawal Wastewater drainage usually occurs using a specially made well. The easiest way to assemble it is from reinforced concrete rings, which can be bought ready-made. Another, less expensive option is to use a plastic container.

To installed well pipes are coming up. In order for the accumulated liquid to drain freely, a pipe is mounted in the upper part of the well. If this is not possible, then the resulting water is pumped out.

If you are determined to drain the site, our tips and recommendations will help you do it in a short time and cost savings. It will take several days to complete the whole complex of works.

The drainage of the site consists in draining the land, since excess water is harmful not only for the garden, but also for the house.

If excess moisture is not removed in time, the stairs and the lower parts of the dwelling will begin to deteriorate.

The article tells how to properly drain the site, how the drainage system works.

More about drainage

Many people know that rains are by no means a rare occurrence, especially in Russia, so many people need drainage in their summer cottage.

However, draining the land is not always necessary: ​​it is important to understand when the soil needs help and when it does not. Before taking on the drainage, you need to observe the soil.

A drainage system is needed when the basement, cellar or first floor of the house is flooded.

Excess water is harmful in that the stairs, the lower part of the building, the floor will begin to rot due to mold. Everyone feels sorry for their house, so many people ask how to make drainage on the site.

Excess moisture in the soil can seriously damage the crop. In addition, flower beds can rot, as can planted trees.

Usually, the washing out of the earth is very noticeable on the paths leading to the house - hollows, dips, etc. appear on them.

Another nuisance is the heaving of the soil. As a rule, this happens when the ground is highly saturated with water (this is the most serious situation).

Then it is necessary to immediately drain the sites, otherwise the water can destroy not only the paved paths, but also the foundation of the house.

In addition, cracking of walls, doors, windows of structures is possible. If you don't drain garden plot, then the whole house may subsequently collapse.

Especially care should be taken to drain the owners of clay soil. It is necessary to carry out drainage if the dwelling is on a plot with a slope. During the rainy season, water can accumulate in the lowlands.

The drainage device on the site is a system consisting of trenches and pipes. As a rule, the entire system is located around the perimeter of the site.

The main purpose of the drainage structure is to divert excess water from the house and beds, remove excess water from the soil.

Some order a dehumidification system from special companies, while others make moisture removal facilities on their own.

Drainage of the land plot is divided into two types - surface and deep.

In the first case, drainage systems are made over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe land for the withdrawal excess moisture.

The second type of system is more suitable for those who have groundwater located too close to the surface.

surface system drainage is also divided into two types - point and linear.

The first type is a well, which is divided by a grate, which is needed to filter water from debris entering the system. In some cases, a special waste basket is installed.

The linear option is needed for those who have a ground slope of more than three degrees to the horizon. In this case, the land will appear lower than the rest.

Externally, the linear type system looks like several trays installed with an inclination to the water collection points.

In some cases, one drainage system is not enough, then several types are combined.

If the drainage system is not made in time, then this can lead to the destruction of the masonry of the house - walls may crack, etc.

In addition, there is a risk of flooding the plinths and filing, because of this, mold can form.

In addition, excess moisture in the ground can cause overflow of the pool, as well as damage to paths paved with tiles or stone. Also, due to the oversaturation of the soil with water, plants in the beds and trees can rot.

In some cases, the installation of a drainage system is simply necessary. For example, when the main component of the soil is clay.

Thus, if the soil is clayey or loamy, then a moisture removal system is very necessary. Drainage in a summer cottage is needed if the house is located at the bottom of a slope from which water flows.

Another drainage system should be installed if the site is located in a gently sloping area, from which moisture is difficult to drain.

In addition, drainage is especially needed by those who have on the site elevated level water in the soil, or if the foundation of the house is very deep.

We must not forget about the drainage system and those who have asphalt or tiled paths on the site.

Open drainage (surface)

Do-it-yourself drainage of a garden plot is not very easy, but possible. Many choose this option, because it is the most economical, although it takes more effort.

If you want to do drainage on the site with your own hands, then you first need to decide on the type of drainage system.

As mentioned above, it is divided into deep (closed) and surface (open) types. Both of these types remove water, but in different ways.

The first option is needed for soils with a high level of groundwater, and the second simply removes moisture accumulated during precipitation and snowmelt.

The easiest way is open-type drainage, closed version, respectively, more complex and will be done longer.

Surface drainage is divided into point and linear systems.

For the first option, you need to install ladders to remove moisture, a storm water inlet and a drainage system.

Most often, a linear type system is chosen, because this is the easiest way to install drainage in a summer cottage.

To begin with, they dig trenches 50 by 50 cm, one edge must be cut at an angle of 30 degrees. It needs to get the water out.

Then the trenches are covered with rubble or any other similar material. Sometimes they make fascines - brushwood is tied into bundles about 30 cm thick.

After that, the material is folded onto crossed pegs, which must be folded at the bottom of the pit.

Moss should be laid on top of the bunches of brushwood. If everything is done correctly and carefully, then drainage will be of high quality and will last for many years.

When installing drainage, lime crushed stone should not be used, because it quickly gets wet and cakes.

Because of this, water may not pass through it. It is best to use sand in large granules for backfilling ditches.

If you want to make more beautiful drainage, then the walls and bottoms of the ditches are covered with concrete, and then trays with a decorative grille are installed in them.

It should be remembered that the gutters must be placed under easy angle to get the liquid out. Can supply makeshift system sand trap to keep debris out.

Some make a volumetric drainage. It is set up like a layer cake - the system consists of sand, gravel, geotextile, grids and soil.

If you make this option, then the soil will remain loose, which will improve the absorption of water that goes down.

Closed drainage (deep)

A closed-type drainage system is considered more difficult to install, but deep drainage is needed when groundwater is too close to the surface.

Usually, special pipes are used to install the system, which are of two types - ceramic and asbestos-cement.

The first type has been used for a very long time, and it is quite difficult to find it. The second option does not differ from the first in quality, but the holes in them need to be made with your own hands, and at the same time asbestos-cement pipes can reduce the environmental friendliness of the soil.

It should be noted that the installation of both devices is quite expensive and time-consuming, so there is not much difference between them.

In addition, there are corrugated type pipes - they are easier to work with, they can withstand strong ground pressure.

Do-it-yourself drainage of the site on clay soils is also possible, for this you need to purchase special material for drainage.

These are polymer perforated pipes, usually wrapped with geosynthetic fillers. One pipe has a diameter of 60 to 110 mm.

Can be taken polymer pipe, but then you need to remember that you need to buy crushed stone dressing. A polymer pipe is suitable for crushed stone soils.

Before installation, it is necessary that a site drainage scheme be drawn up. If it is wrong to draw up a plan and make calculations, then all efforts will be in vain, and the drainage of the site will not proceed correctly.

First you need to decide on the depth of laying pipes, which should be at least 0.5 m greater than the depth of the base of the house.

In this case, water from the soil will not reach the foundation, but will immediately fall into the pipe. You also need to take into account that the depth of the pipes should be below the level of freezing of the earth, then the water will leave in the spring.

The second step is trenching. Usually, geofabric is used for this, which must be laid in overlapping pits. If there is no geotextile, then you can take interlining.

In some cases, instead of all this, a drainage cushion is made, compacted, and then covered with large gravel.

In this case, you should monitor the level of inclination of the drainage system - the slope should be about 70 mm per meter of pipes.

After that, you need to lay the pipes. For installation, you need to take a tee or cross to connect the tubes to each other.

At the final stage, the drainage should be sprinkled with gravel and sand, and then with earth. It is necessary to fall asleep so that a small hill remains - over time, the tubercle will level out.

If the site has a high groundwater level (GWL), then vertical drainage can be done, but this option is more suitable for dams and industrial buildings than for a private house.

The article will consider in detail surface drainage in a summer cottage: the easiest way to organize a drainage system and its features, the rules for selecting materials and preparing for work. It will also parse step by step instructions and recommendations on arranging sewerage for those people who do not have experience in this area, but want to independently organize protection for their home and surrounding area from erosion by rainwater.

The use of drainage systems to divert storm water solves many problems. Such designs eliminate the problem of an excess of moisture at the foundation of the house, preventing the development of putrefactive processes and the appearance of mold. In addition, such systems save the territory from storm flooding, as well as melt waters, the level of which increases during the spring snowmelt.

Note! If you do not lay drainage pipes on the site or do not organize a system of surface ditches, from the basement of the house to rainy weather you have to constantly pump out water. This is especially true for buildings built on loamy soils.

How to make drainage on the site with your own hands: choosing a system

Drainage systems are conventionally divided into two broad categories: surface and deep. If the installation of a deep system may require certain knowledge and the help of specialists, then the installation of surface drainage in a summer cottage can be done independently. This type of sewage can be called the simplest way to solve the problem of excess moisture in the area.

Note! There are certain restrictions regarding the installation of surface and deep systems. Some conditions do not allow the organization of a particular type of sewerage. Be sure to carry out a preliminary analysis of the conditions of the territory of the proposed construction.

To develop a preliminary drainage scheme for the site, its territory should be inspected and marked key points. All factors that may influence the further work for the preparation of a site drainage project.

The following information is required to draw up a diagram:

1. A plan of the territory indicating all buildings, the nature and density of plantings, as well as the boundaries of the site.
2. Topographic data that reflects the features of the terrain (not needed if the site has a flat surface).
3. Dendroplan (a scheme is necessary if there are a large number of plantings on the territory or if they are supposed to be planted, since the plants are dependent on water).
4. Road-path grid (the layout of future paths and paved areas that need drainage).
5. Scheme of the communication system.
6. Hydrological data (level of water balance of the territory).

On the one hand, hydrological data has an impact on how to do drainage in areas cottage type so they are very important. On the other hand, loamy soil types have the same structural structure, so this information may not be needed.

Surface drainage system at the site: device

Surface drainage systems collect spring melt and rainwater, after which they take it outside the territory. The installation of such structures is especially needed in those suburban areas where there is stagnation of moisture or large accumulations of it.

Most often, such conditions are formed if:

• clayey or loamy soil is located under a layer of fertile soil (such types of soil are considered waterproof or waterproof);
• the territory has a lowland location, for example, at the foot of the hills;
• the slope of the surface in the territory is partially zero, in other words, the surface is perfectly flat, which is why water cannot move independently under the influence of gravity;
• the site has areas where the soil is oversaturated with water from time to time, for example, places where plants are watered.

Note! In addition, it is possible to install surface drainage in areas with a high level of groundwater. In this case, the upper layers of soils may be subject to flooding during high precipitation.

Surface drainage schemes of the land plot in in general terms look like this:

• water collection points;
• trench ladders leading from watershed points;
• a trench connecting together a system of ladders;
• a drainage well where a common trench leads (instead of a well, leading to a ditch or a natural reservoir, or a ditch specially dug outside the site, can be used).

Types of surface drainage of a site with a high level of groundwater

In a relationship design features There are two types of surface water drainage systems:

• point, installed in areas where water accumulates;
• linear - entire networks of drainage pipes that collect water for its further transportation to storage.

How much will it cost to drain the site (price of materials for a point system):

Helpful advice! Experts recommend combining both of these systems to achieve the most effective result.

Drainage device on the site (the cost of materials for a linear system):

Do-it-yourself do-it-yourself spot drainage on clay soil

drainage system point type does a great job of protecting separate zones area from excess moisture. Before draining the site on clay soil As a rule, problem areas are identified, which can be:

• placement of gutters leading from the roof of the house;
• door pits;
• entry zone;
• terrace;
• points where the analysis of water intended for irrigation of vegetation is carried out.

To arrange the drainage of a site on clay soil, the following elements are used (the prices for them are placed in the tables above):

• storm water inlets;
• settling tanks equipped with containers for collecting large particles and debris;
• trench ladders transporting water to the storm sewer system;
• dampers that prevent the backflow of water and the ingress of large particles of debris into the system.

Features of the storm drainage system on the site: how to make a drainage system

The linear type drainage system consists of gutters that are buried in the soil. These channels carry water from the site to the outside. When arranging such drainage in a summer cottage with your own hands, it should be remembered that the liquid is discharged by gravity.

On sale you can find gutters made of various materials:

• polymer concrete;
• plastic;
• concrete.

Helpful advice! To reduce the cost of purchasing consumables, you can make gutters yourself. Can be done at home concrete elements, using special forms for filling.

Above the gutters are gratings that perform a protective function. The material for their manufacture can be plastic or metal (cast iron, steel). These elements have a removable design.

How to make site drainage based on the key elements of the system:

• gutters are laid in pre-arranged trenches;
• sand traps are mounted in areas where drainage systems and other similar places are located;
• gratings are fixed on the gutters.

Do-it-yourself installation of a linear drainage system on the site is carried out if:

• the angle of inclination of the surface is more than 3 ° (in such conditions, water can be discharged by gravity, which, without drainage, can simply wash out the fertile soil layer);
• it is necessary to divert water from the base of the house in conditions of prolonged rainfall;
• it is necessary to divert water from the relief slopes of the territory;

• household structures are located in the same plane with the surface of the suburban area or below this level;
• there is a need to protect the territory of the summer cottage, as well as entrances and paved paths.

Turnkey site drainage installation: price of work

Water can destroy the foundation of the house, destroy some types of plants, wash fertile soil from the site and even provoke a landslide. Drainage of the site by drainage in combination with other protective measures avoids all these problems.

List of protective measures:

1. Performing seamless waterproofing of the base of the house.
2. Protection of the waterproofing layer from damage.
3. Installation of a drainage system at the foundation.
4. Organization additional insulation waterproofing layer at the base.
5. Construction of an insulated blind area.
6. Turnkey site drainage installation.

All items from this list (except the last one) are carried out at the stage of building a house. These works are best left to professionals. The device of the drainage storm system can be done independently, but first you need to figure out what the cost of drainage of a site performed on a turnkey basis by professionals is. This will allow you to make the final decision as to whether it is worth laying drainage pipes with geotextiles or limit yourself to surface mounting the system, which you can do yourself.

Organization of site drainage (price of professional services):

Installing drainage in a summer cottage: the price of elements for the system

Regardless of whether the installation work is done on your own or with the involvement of specialists, you must buy everything necessary for this procedure before installing the drainage system. expendable materials.

Helpful advice! In order to save money, it is recommended to buy drainage wells and other consumables in advance. The main thing in this case is not to make mistakes with the calculations. If you are not sure, use the advice of a specialist to draw up a preliminary estimate. average cost development of the project of the drainage system of the site is 15,000 rubles.

Prices for drainage wells:

The average price of cast-iron gratings for storm sewers as part of storm water inlets is 3500 rubles. The package may include a waste basket and walls.

How much does it cost to lay drainage pipes in the country (price of services):

The table shows that the cost of laying pipes for drainage of a site depends not only on the level of penetration, but also on the type of material. Working with rigid pipes is much more difficult. This nuance should be taken into account when choosing products.

Drainage installation technology around the site: how to make the system correctly

The simplest technology that describes how to properly drain a country-type site implies the rejection of the use of gutters.

Note! The surface system in this case is performed in a non-standard way with minimal cost, since there is no need to buy ready-made parts in stores. In the process of work improvised materials are used.

Do-it-yourself technology for creating surface drainage of a site:

1. Trenches should be dug around the perimeter of the area that needs to be drained. They should be located taking into account the slope of the surface. If the site is horizontal, this slope must be formed independently. Optimal parameters calculation of storm sewers: the width of the trenches should be 40 cm, the depth - 50 cm. The minimum angle of inclination of the surface (toward the removal of moisture from the site) is 30 °.
2. The trench system must be connected, and then brought into a ditch or into a storage well. In this area, you can organize an artificial reservoir small size, for example, a decorative pond, plant plants there that love moisture.
3. The system is tested for functionality. To do this, water is poured into the trenches and the direction in which it flows is checked.
4. An embankment is formed at the bottom of the trenches. First you need to organize a layer of large rubble, after which there is a layer of small.

For the drainage system, pipes with a filter made of

Protecting the foundation of the house: the sequence of work of the storm sewer device

The technology for arranging a drainage system to protect the foundation involves the use of a linear design:

1. In areas where fluid is drained from downpipes leading from the roofs, storm water inlets are being installed. For these elements, it is necessary to dig holes in advance, which are 10 cm higher than the depth and width of the water intake funnel. The grate should be positioned 3 mm below ground level.
2. The funnel is installed on a concrete base in such a way that there is enough space for removing the grate and cleaning the water inlet if necessary. Placed too high given element also not recommended, otherwise the liquid will splatter around and there will be no sense in the drainage.
3. Water inlets are connected to gutters for transporting water. To do this, you need to indent from the foundation of the house by 1 m and dig a trench. Its depth is selected so that the gutter can be installed, and there is still 10 cm of headroom left on top. The same margin of space should be in width. Don't Forget the Slope drainage pipe towards the well.

Helpful advice! During the installation of gutters, which are also placed on a concrete pad, it is recommended to use building level. The side parts of these parts can be fixed with concrete for reliability.

Next, the gratings are installed, and there must be an end cap on the last gutter of the system. Place sand traps and wells in the corners of the storm sewer, after which you can begin to connect all the elements of the system together. At the joints, the use of bituminous mastic is allowed, which will eliminate leaks.

The system is completely ready, it remains only to fill it with soil, but in such a way that a gap of 3 mm remains between the surface and the grate.

Gutters made of plastic are lightweight and low cost. However, they are subject to deformation changes under the influence of pressure exerted by concrete and soil. To prevent damage to the material, it is recommended to fix the drainage grids “on the shore”.

Water drainage system from the site open drainage often freezes in winter time. So that in the spring the storm sewer can do its job without delay, the pipe must be attached to the sand trap. Thanks to this, the system will not freeze too much.

Using the technique described earlier, you can drain around the perimeter of walkways. Paved areas and paths on the site also need to remove excess moisture, since water has a destructive effect on tiles and other elements (borders, flower beds).