Common bristle. Weed plants. Useful properties of green foxtail

Bristle, setaria, mice, mogars - all these are the names of one plant of the cereal family. Ornamental cereals in the garden usually play a supporting role, are the backdrop for other more colorful plants. But there are amazing examples among them. These include the bristle. The original hybrid was released recently. This is a spectacular cereal of gigantic size: its thickets are 1.2-1.5 m high.

Young plants (seedling age) have green color, which after landing in open ground is changing. Already in the middle of summer, the colors combine red, bronze and purple hues, and by the beginning of autumn it becomes dark purple, almost black. Moreover, they get a "tan" gradually as they hit sunlight. Against a golden background autumn palette garden bristles stand out.

Bristle setaria variety Setaria italica ‘Red Jewel’ photo

Flowering is a long (30-35 cm) vertically arranged, like a reed, spikes. They consist of numerous small grains, the color is dark purple. The flowering period is July-September.

Growing foxtail setaria mogara from seeds

The culture is perennial, but in a temperate climate it freezes out - therefore, in conditions middle lane and the Moscow region is grown exclusively as a letnik.

• spend in March-April.
• Fill wide containers with nutrient soil, spread the seeds-grains over the surface, only slightly pressing into the soil.
• Moisten crops with a fine mist sprayer.
• Cover with glass or film to create a greenhouse effect.
• Do not forget to ventilate daily, eliminating condensation.
• Maintain optimal humidity soil.
• Ensure the air temperature is 22-24 °C.
• Lighting is required bright, but diffused.
• When sprouts appear, remove the shelter. Leave the lighting level the same, lower the air temperature to 20 ° C, water moderately.

• Grown up in individual containers.

• When trying not to damage the roots, carefully lower the plants into the prepared holes, carefully sprinkle with earth and water. After transplanting, provide light shade until the plants take root.
• Further care is simple: keeping the substrate moist, good diffused lighting and warm temperature air without overheating, so that the seedlings do not stretch. If the room is dark, additional lighting with phytolamps will be required.

It is possible with the establishment of real warmth, when the threat has completely passed return frosts. Pre-harden: a couple of weeks before the transplant, take it out to Fresh air, increase the length of stay and increase the intensity of lighting daily.

Planting in open ground and caring for the setaria foxtail

• For planting, choose places flooded with sunlight - the color of the bristles depends on this.
• Handle carefully with earthy clod, stick to the planting pattern 30 by 60 cm.
• Further care consists in weeding (especially in the initial stages of growth), loosening the soil and moderate watering.
• Occasionally (about once a month) apply organic or mineral supplements for decorative deciduous plants.

Despite the fact that the foxtail, like all cereals, does well without watering, the plant will acquire a rich appearance with regular watering. The soil should dry out a little so that the plant does not get sick. Spend abundant watering 1-2 times a week, so that the soil is deeply wet and saturated with moisture.

Bristle in landscape design

Bristle is widely used: plantings in a group with other plants look most impressive. Plant in mixborders, frame ponds with grass.

Bristle is beautifully combined with undersized groundcovers and other ornamental grasses.

Bristle bristle majestic purple in the flower bed photo with other plants

Highly appreciated by florists: dried panicles retain their color and keep their shape for a long time.

Types of bristles with photos and names

Green foxtail Setaria viridis

The green bristle is distinguished by emerald green bright foliage and large spikes of light beige, brown or green hues. Decorative varieties are distinguished by the density and beautiful pubescence of spikelets.

This cereal can be a spectacular backdrop for bright colors or fill an empty space in the garden.

Setaria glauca setaria glauca

Beautiful ornamental grass with delicate greenery and fluffy panicles-inflorescences. Can land as groundcover and be a backdrop for plants with colorful leaves or flowers.

Setaria palmifolia

A very showy ornamental grass with wide, long leaves gathered in a dense shrub resembling a palm tree. It blooms with loose paniculate inflorescences on low peduncles.

Setaria pumila Setaria pumila

Low cereal with small and short, but fluffy spikelets. It looks beautiful against the background of powerful ground covers, towering above the greenery with rare panicles of inflorescences.

Italian foxtail or mogar Setaria italica

Tall cereal with large long leaves and voluminous spikelet inflorescences. In many countries it has a high agricultural value, grown for hay and fodder.

Bristle Italian variety Setaria italica ‘Brown Sugar’

AT landscape design used relatively recently due to its natural beauty.

Numerous decorative varieties with voluminous spikelets of various shades. Even the faded and dried grass of the Italian foxtail is very decorative.

There are varieties of Italian bristles with a very powerful trunk and large leaves, the plant resembles corn.

Object map

Synonyms.

Panicum lutescens Weig., Setaria lutescens (Weig.) F.T. Hubb, S. glauca auct.

systematic position.

Family Bluegrass (Grasses) Poaceae Barnhart (Graminea Juss.), genus Bristle Setaria beauv.

biological group.

Late spring annual.

Morphology and biology.

Plant 4-50 cm tall, more or less branched at the base. Stems are erect, glabrous, rough under the inflorescence. Leaves broadly linear, glaucous, up to 12 mm wide, rough above. Inflorescence cylindrical, dense, up to 10 cm long. Spikelets on short stalks, one-flowered, ovate, about 3 mm long, surrounded by rough yellow or reddish bristles, 2-3 times larger than the spikelet. Floral scales in fruits are cartilaginous, blunt, clearly transversely wrinkled on the outside. The roots are fibrous, penetrating to a depth of 30-50 cm (sometimes more than 1 m). One plant produces 3-4 thousand seeds. Propagated by seeds. Seeds germinate at high temperature(20-30°C). Seedlings appear from April to late autumn. Flowering from June, fruiting from July. When the stems are cut off, shoots quickly grow from the remaining root part.

Spreading.

European part of Russia, Caucasus, Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia, Far East, middle Asia. It reaches the northern border of agriculture.

Ecology.

Drought resistant. Prefers steppes and dry meadows, grows in fields and fallows, along roads, in settlements mostly on sandy soils.

Economic value.

Weed in crops of mainly tilled crops, as well as cereals (wheat, oats). With a continuous grass stand, it dries out the soil, making it difficult to cultivate. Control measures: soil stubble, harrowing, inter-row tillage in row crops, chemical weeding.

Literature:

Botanical atlas. Ed. Shishkin B.K. M.-L.: Publishing house of agricultural literature and posters, 1963. S. 311.
Grinko N.I., Titov A.Kh., Kvartin V.N., Semernikova A.I., Lapchenkov G.Ya., Dyatlenko V.A. weed plants and the fight against them in the Rostov region. Tutorial. Persianovka: Donskoy Agricultural Institute, 1987.102 p.
Gubanov I.A., K.V. Kiseleva, V.S. Novikov, V.N. Tikhomirov. Illustrated plant guide Central Russia, vol. 1. M.: KMK Scientific Publications Association, Institute of Technological Research, 2002. P. 301.
Korchagina V.A., Penchukov V.M. Morozov N.A., Smashevskaya G.A., Kolomiytsev F.B., Trubeeva A.I., Baranova M.M. Weed control on Far East. Khabarovsk: Khabarovsk book publishing house, 1972. P. 18
Nikitin V.V. Weeds of the Flora of the USSR. Leningrad: Nauka, Leningrad branch, 1983. 454 p.
Ramensky L.G., Tsatsenkin I.A., Chizhikov O.N., Antipin N.A. Ecological assessment of fodder lands by vegetation cover. Moscow: State Publishing House of Agricultural Literature, 1956, p. 409.

Systematic position (belonging to the family).

Bluegrass (Grass) (Russian)
Tonkonogovi (Zlakovi) (ukr.)
Poaceae (Gramineae) (lat.)

biological group.

An annual late spring plant, (it is also called a blue-gray mouse).

Morphology.

In adult plants stem ascending, cranked, smooth, rough only under the inflorescence. The root is fibrous, penetrating deeply into the soil and away from the stem. The leaves are linear-lanceolate, long-pointed, ciliated at the base and along the edge. Leaf sheaths are smooth, free. The tongue is in the form of a bundle of hairs. The inflorescence is a dense cylindrical dense complex ear with yellowish-brown, reddish short bristles at the base of the spikelets. Spikelets ovoid, gray-green. Spikelet and flowering scales with clear transverse wrinkles. The plant is blue-green in color. These features differ from the green foxtail.

Fetus- ovoid-oval, unilaterally convex transversely wrinkled lemon-green or dark brown membranous caryopsis. Floral flakes are leathery, shell-shaped, the outer one covers the inner edges. Embryo wide, clearly protruding. The surface is finely pitted, slightly rough. Coloration greyish-greenish. Length 1.7 - 2.2, width 1.5 - 1.7, thickness 0.9 - 1.0 mm.

At seedlings the first leaf is 12–30 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, broadly linear, the subsequent ones are larger in size, pointed at the apex. The leaf sheath is flattened, 4-15 mm long, colored with a reddish pigment, especially in seedlings grown in good light. Venation in the form of three to five whitish or light green veins. At the base of the plate of the second and subsequent leaves there are white long hairs, which, closer to the sheath, pass into a membranous rim. The leaves are rough along the edge, otherwise the seedlings are bare. Starting from the second leaf, the plates are bluish above, green below. The mesocotyl is well developed, thin-cylindrical with a whitish bar.

Biology.

Propagated by seeds. Seedlings appear in April-May, mass - when the soil warms up to + 20 ... 24 ° C, individual - throughout the summer. Blossoms in June-August, bears fruit until autumn. A well-developed plant forms up to 3 thousand or more seeds. They are much larger - this is what distinguishes them from the seeds of green foxtail. Seeds more often fall on the soil and only a small part of them gets into the grain. Freshly ripened seeds have low germination, germinate on next year, have long-term viability, do not lose their germination in the soil for more than ten years.

Economic value.

It clogs tilled, vegetable and heavily sparse crops of grain crops. It is especially harmful in crops of millet and Sudanese, since young plants of the weed are difficult to distinguish from cultivated plants. It develops after harvesting grains on the stubble as a stubble weed. The gray bristle is a more moisture-loving plant than the green bristle. A young plant is a good food for animals, but after flowering it becomes very coarse.

Control measures.

The weed is effectively destroyed by agrotechnical methods: peeling and plowing after crop harvesting, harrowing and cultivation during the growing season of crops. From chemicals the most effective are herbicides with an anticereal orientation, applied before sowing or before crop emergence.

List of used literature and photographs.

1. Vereshchagin L.N. Atlas of herbaceous plants.-K.: Univest Marketing, 2002.-384p.

Or bluegrass. The grass has a small fibrous root. It is able to quickly deplete and clog the soil cover. Many members of the family act as They were known to people in ancient times, there are many varieties in flora such as chumiza, gomi, mogar. The genus of grass has about 120 species, one of which is the bristle.

Appearance

Gardeners and gardeners strive in every possible way to get rid of under the name green foxtail. The description of this herb is known to everyone who wants to grow good harvest vegetables. The weed has dense spike-shaped flowers of a cylindrical (rarely lobed) shape. Spikelets in the form of panicles are located on shortened legs. Closer to the base, they have serrated bristles.

Bristle green blooms in July, August. The seeds of the plant ripen in late summer and have amazing vitality. Germination ability seed stored in the plant for 10 years.

Preferred Habitat

The grass is able to take the first place in terms of survival among its fellow spring weeds, spreading on millet crops and having similarities with millet grains. Thanks to this similarity the plant is also known as millet. You can see green foxtail almost everywhere: in beds, gardens, along roads. It clogs varieties of late agricultural crops with its seedlings. The plant is resistant to adverse conditions external environment, perfectly tolerates dry periods. Grass propagation occurs with the help of seeds.

Measures of agrotechnical weed control

Agrotechnical measures to prevent weed propagation include:

1. Autumn processing, in which the seeds are not able to sprout.
2. Technologically proper care for planted crops.

The green bristle is able to clog with its sprouts:

• Grain plantings.
• Grain plantations.
• Technical plantations.
• Vegetable crops.
• Forage plantations.

Useful properties of green foxtail

Thoroughly chemical composition plants have not been studied, but the leaves of the herb contain magnesium oxalate. Chinese and Tibetan medical practitioners use the plant as a diuretic.

AT traditional medicine green bristles are not often used, medicinal properties which some people use to relieve bruises and bruises, making compresses from its infusion. The seeds are used to treat eye diseases.

1. When harvesting hay forage, grass, getting into the feeder, can provoke diseases in animals. The disease is expressed in inflammatory processes oral mucosa. Spreading into the respiratory tract of the animal, the foxtail provokes purulent inflammatory formations. Grass consuming cows lose their milk yield, and their mouths develop ulcers and curd-like plaques caused by grass bristles.
2. Cats love this herb. Some owners of fluffy creatures specially plant foxtail seeds on the windowsills for their pets in order to pamper their pets with green vitamins in winter. In the summer, cats love to rest in the weeds.
3. If a cat or dog is sick, they find grass on their own and eat its green leaves.
4. AT agriculture the fight against the plant is carried out with the help of herbicides. On the vegetable beds it is uprooted. The land is also treated with special herbicidal preparations.

Bristle (mice) gray

Setaria glauca (L.) Pal. beauv.

Sem. Bluegrasses / Cereals / Poaceae / Graminae

Spring annual grassy weed, strongly propagated by seeds, with a fibrous root. Prefers rich soils nutrients from loamy-sandy to slightly sandy-loamy.
Germination time: April-May (early summer).
Leaves: wide, linear-lanceolate, dull-gray, with a wide white midrib, the leaf sheath is flat, instead of a uvula there is a hair corolla, the edge of the sheath is smooth.
Stem: straight, branched at the base, gray-green, 10-40 cm high.
flowers: small, one-flowered spikelets, crowded into an inflorescence in the form of a cylindrical simple spike; flowers are awnless, but with a long bristle below the spikelet, at first reddish in color, the bristle protrudes 2-3 lengths beyond the spikelet.
Flowering time: summer.
Fetus: grain.

Chemical control measures:

cultures	herbicides
Cereals
Beets, potatoes, soybeans, rape, sunflower, flax, vegetables	Panther, KE
Beet	Aktion, KS
	Betaren Express AM, CE
	Betaren Super MD, FEM
Sunflower, corn	Acetal Pro, KS
Potato, soy, vegetable	Sontran, KKR
Rape	Ilion, MD
Potato, corn	Cassius, GRP
Soya	Concept, MD
Corn	Octave, MD
Beets, soybeans, peas, chickpeas, rapeseed, sunflower, flax
Beets, soybeans, peas, rapeseed, sunflower, flax, vegetables
Beetroot, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, flax