Poor dissolution of mineral fertilizers. Grass plant nutrition: methods for preparing various types
If there are chickens on the farm, then you should not get rid of the droppings of these birds, as this is an excellent fertilizer option for the garden and summer cottages. Even though today chemical production functions remarkably, making fertilizers that are easy to use, many summer residents and gardeners prefer natural organic top dressing. Chicken litter works well for this.
Chicken manure for the garden
Chicken manure is a multifunctional and valuable top dressing for many types of garden crops. It can be used both dry and liquid form. On productivity, it acts identically to mineral fertilizers. And if it is properly prepared, then the nitrogen in it becomes several times more.
Chicken manure is very saturated chemicals. It is based on trace elements, such as zinc, potassium, cobalt, magnesium and sulfur. In addition, it contains sulfides, phenol, a complex of vitamins and various acids. But it acquired its value as a fertilizer because of organic compound phosphorus. Litter is perfectly absorbed by plants.
The main properties of the litter
- Pure manure does not smell, since there is no ammonia in its structure;
- After a single application of this fertilizer, the soil retains its nutritional value for three years;
- Improves soil quality, suitable for any soil;
- Regenerates soil microflora, fights weeds, normalizes acidity;
- It does not burn the roots of plants, it is simply applied in the form of compost and water tincture.
How to breed chicken manure for feeding
Liquid organic fertilizer is applied to the ground in the spring, just before planting plants and seeds. It helps the formation of a good root system and increases the yield. It is impossible to water the beds with liquid manure when the fruits ripen, so as not to become infected with intestinal infections and helminths.
Requires a barrel to cook plastic or iron. It needs to be mixed:
- chicken manure;
- Water that has stood for several days.
Components must be taken from equal parts. You need to do the work in gloves and a gauze bandage to protect yourself from the fetid odor. Mix the composition with a wooden stick, stir until a homogeneous composition is obtained, and then close the barrel with a lid or ordinary boards.
The barrel should be in a dark place, as Sun rays accelerate fermentation, and the solution will turn out to be very concentrated and rich. It is stored for 2 months.
Ten days later, the fertilizer will be ready. Before applying to the soil, it must be diluted in the ratio of a liter of fertilizer to 10 liters or 50 liters of water. Fertilizer of higher concentration is suitable for trees and bushes, and vegetables are watered with a weak composition.
Water the roots with fertilizer plants or beds at a distance of 5-10 centimeters from the ground. If the solution gets on the leaves or stems of crops, it can burn them, then the plant will wither. A large tree is watered with 10 liters of composition, and three or five liters will be enough for young plants and shrubs.
It is best to fertilize after rain or regular watering, as damp soil absorbs well and protects the roots from burning.
If the composition is concentrated, then it does not deteriorate from the heat, but it is better that it is located where the sun does not fall.
The very first top dressing is carried out during the flowering period of seedlings, in late spring and early summer. Then fertilizer is applied during fruit set. Subsequent top dressing is carried out as necessary during fruit ripening in order to preserve the crop.
You need to make it into moist soil through a watering can. It is better to water under the very roots, not to allow contact with the plant. The beds are watered evenly, if there is sediment left in the container, then it is better to pour it under a tree or shrub.
Apply to trees and bushes in kind, composition in the ratio of one to fifteen. It is advised to bring it in at a distance from the planting to the circle at the trunk, so that the manure does not get on root system. On the mature plant in one season, a bucket of manure is brought into the soil; for young seedlings, its amount is reduced by three times.
Fertilizer in the form of granules should be added during the period of planting and growth of the plant, covering it a little with earth. The main thing is to prevent contact of the granules with the roots.
Chicken fertilizer - it is very efficient and fast acting.. Using it in liquid form, in the form of compost or dry one to three times per season will serve as a significant impetus to dynamic growth, flowering, ripening of plant fruits. After watering the seedlings with fertilizer, the result will be noticeable in a few days. Vegetables, flowers, berries and trees will be strong, strong, beautiful and healthy. The harvest will be plentiful, natural and with excellent taste.
Chicken manure is a true find for organic lovers. The main thing is to correctly calculate the proportions so as not to burn the plants, it is better to underfeed than to overfeed.
Fertilizer in the form of compost
Manure from chicken excrement, which has rotted along with straw or sawdust, can fertilize the soil before plowing. Professional gardeners use compost in autumn period so that before the onset of the season it is absorbed into the ground. They are also sprinkled with soil in early spring, before planting seedlings. Compost is applied to the ground evenly, and then dug up.
For the preparation of valuable fertilizer, it is necessary to pour into a specially prepared pit:
- Bird droppings 20-25 centimeters high;
- Straw and sawdust 5-10 cm thick;
- Cover the top with a layer of peat-10-20 cm.
Cover the pit with polyethylene for quick maturation and to prevent an unpleasant odor. With a heap height of more than a meter, the temperature on the lower layers reaches 65 ° C-70 ° C, while the ingredients do not smolder in the pit, but burn out.
Fertilizer ripens within two months. In addition to the components listed above, you can add to the pit:
- Grass;
- tree bark and branches;
- Food waste, but not chemicals and packages;
- tree leaves;
- Shavings.
In order to obtain a thick fertilizer, in compost pit you need to add a layer of earth or clay.
After you have laid all the components in the pit, you need to wait two weeks and mix the composition with a shovel. Then the fertilizer ripens evenly and the compost will be dry and crumbly.
Fast way
Chicken manure does not need to be infused for 2 weeks to obtain the necessary fertilizer. You can cook it from a bucket clean water and some dry chicken manure. For watering seedlings, one large spoonful of weak fertilizer under the bush will be enough.
The composition is stirred in a liquid until completely dissolved, left warm for forty minutes, and then water the vegetables from a watering can or jar. Better, after making the solution, water the plants large quantity water without any additives.
Special fertilizer
Not every plant likes manure fertilizer. There are crops that absorb fertilizers worse and because of this they weaken and die. For seedlings that need a slightly acidic and neutral soil, it is advised to prepare the composition from bird droppings in the following way:
- Pour 0.5 buckets of chicken manure.
- Fill the remaining space in the bucket with water.
- Mix thoroughly and let it brew for three days.
- Drain the resulting solution and water the plants with it, and dilute the sediment again with water.
These steps can be repeated 3-4 times. The solution can be watered plants during flowering and fruit ripening.
Some gardeners and gardeners are interested in the question of solubility mineral fertilizers because they are often applied to the soil in liquid form. So they are quickly absorbed by plants. In addition, the application of mineral fertilizers, depending on their type, leads to acidification or, conversely, to alkalization of the soil. Owners of gardens and orchards should also be aware of this. Let's do short review used in household plots fertilizers and recall the rules for their application.
NITROGEN FERTILIZERS
They include ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate (ammonium sulfate) and urea or urea. Dissolving them in water is not a problem. However, nitrogen fertilizers, after they are introduced into the soil, they are quickly washed out of it. In addition, they acidify the soil.
PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS
Wait and double superphosphate dissolves well in water. The precipitate is a little worse. When these fertilizers are mixed with water, the liquid is obtained in the form of a suspension, that is, cloudy. Bone and phosphate rock are sparingly soluble fertilizers. As a result, after being introduced into the soil, they are washed out of it, and are absorbed by plants slowly. Superphosphates can increase the acidity of the soil, and phosphorite and bone meal can reduce it.
POTASH FERTILIZERS
COMPLEX MINERAL FERTILIZERS
- Nitrogen and complex mineral fertilizers should be applied to the soil in spring in order to ensure active growth plants. In the spring and summer, only top dressing is done.
- Potash and phosphorus fertilizers should be applied in autumn or in early spring. Well, in the summer, in the form of plant nutrition. They contribute to the laying of flower buds and the ripening of fruits, as well as increasing the resistance of plants to various infections and adverse weather conditions.
When we start fiddling with mineral fertilizers in the country or announce chemical warfare pests, the question always arises of weighing the active principles. It’s good if the instructions on the package say that a kilogram bag of fertilizer should be poured under mature tree, and dilute the 5 ml ampoule with 10 liters of water.
And if you need to weigh a few grams from the package or pour a few milliliters?
Hand on heart, answer: do you have anything more accurate than a steelyard or a half-liter can on hand? And we begin to complain bitterly that, they say, they didn’t get it again! And it goes on and on next year and a year later...
Although on sale now there are very accurate and inexpensive electronic balance(not even analytical lever ones, but just pressed a button - and here is the result for you!), And measured laboratory containers for every taste.
Even in the kitchen, occasionally there is a need to weigh something to the nearest gram or take the volume to the milliliter!
But we are surrounded in everyday life by objects with a fixed volume, weight and size - which you need to know and use! Let's collect this information together, in a plate or on a page, and try not to lose it! So, measures of weight, volume and length. What is called, on the knees.
Coins instead of weights on the scales
Let's start with the old Soviet coins, which are probably lying around your desk drawers. They are useful not only as fetishes in memory of a bright past, when a round rye cost 14 kopecks, but now they can serve as accurate weights for home-made analytical balances, for one of their embodiments you will need a pencil, a short school ruler balanced on it and three minutes of time .
The denomination of coins in denominations of 1,2,3 and 5 kopecks exactly corresponds to their weight in grams, if the coins are not too worn and not overgrown with oxide. Current coins are inconvenient for this: none of them has an integer value of weight in grams. So not only memory...
We measure - 1 spoon, 1 glass, 1 box ...
Now spoons - a teaspoon (5 ml) and a tablespoon (15 ml), as well as a matchbox (old!) And a glass (200 ml). These are items of standardized volume.
Now manufacturers are often inventive with o>orma. hence the volume floats somewhat, so again it is better to use old products when GOST did not welcome creativity in this aspect.
It is more convenient to summarize these data in a table.
By printing out the plate and sticking it on cardboard (and not losing it!), you will save yourself from one of the many headaches of country life!
We agree that we will scoop loose bodies with spoons and boxes without a “slide” (they are very different, another will hold two spoons) and imply that their humidity is average - that is, the powders are “dry” to the touch. The weight in the table is in grams.
Two words about measures of length
Measure with a ruler the distance between the thumb and middle fingers of the open palm right hand. Classic span. I have - 21 cm. “The ruler is always with you - it’s convenient!
Another ancient measure of length is a step. The average adult male is 71 cm.
Fathom (arm span) - 1.7 m, oblique fathom (diagonal left foot- right hand or vice versa) - 2.5 m (actually, there are more than a dozen used fathoms in different ways ...).
Most of the current buckets have a volume of 10 liters. And the classic Russian bucket held 12 liters. And a barrel in the current sense is usually meant to be 200 liters, and in Russia a barrel had to hold 40 buckets!
Speaking now of a stack (not in the sense of vodka, but in the sense of a measure of volume), most often we mean a volume of 100 ml (a faceted glass is just such, and not two hundred milliliters in the famous song “fell off the table”), but a traditional faceted stack, from which Professor Preobrazhensky and Dr. Bormental drink vodka in one of the scenes of the famous film Bortko. holds 70 ml - one sip (ein drink - the Germans know too!).
You can immerse yourself in this topic almost indefinitely ... And it is quite enough for us to cut out the tablet and not lose it ...
How much is in one teaspoon, Tablespoon, matchbox, a glass ...
| FERTILIZERS | Tea room | Dining room | boxes | Cup* |
| Carbamide and urea | 3,5-4 | 10 | 14 | 130 |
| Ammonium sulfate | 4,5 | 12 | 16 | 160 |
| Superphosphate granulated | 6 | 17 | 22 | 220 |
| Dv. superphosphate granulated | 5 | 15 | 20 | 200 |
| Potassium chloride | 3,5-4 | 14 | 18 | 180 |
| Potassium sulfate | 6-6,5 | 20 | 26 | 260 |
| Azofoska | 5,5 | 18 | 24 | 240 |
© Nikolai Ilyushin, Moscow
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Seedlings are called young plants grown in protected ground. This means that the growth is covered with a greenhouse, greenhouse, nursery. They create a special, sparing microclimate.
However, protection from winds, cold weather, hail is not enough. Need more and fertilizer for seedlings. But what, why, in what quantities and how to feed it? We will devote the article to these questions.
Features and dosages of fertilizers for seedlings
Fertilizers for seedlings are not a separate category. The coppice is suitable for most mixtures for adult plants. Simply, the dosage is reduced by 2 times.
If the manufacturer recommends the same amount for both young and adult plants, top dressing is probably empty. That is, not nutrients are placed in the container, but cheap raw materials that resemble them, but are not effective.
By purchasing liquid fertilizer for seedlings you should follow the instructions. There is no average dosage. Most loose dressings are diluted in a proportion of 7-10 grams per liter of water.
For seedlings, respectively, 3.5-5 grams are taken. Why dissolve? The liquid is better absorbed by young sprouts, they do not have to expend energy on stretching useful substances from the soil.
The best fertilizers for seedlings chelated. Their basis is complex compounds based on metals. They are associated with atoms, ions, or molecules that have several donor centers.
Usually, these are amino acids. Only together with them, plants are able to absorb most of the vitamins and minerals. The human body, by the way, is no exception. Chelated fertilizers are better and faster absorbed.
In the soil, mixtures do not turn into compounds that are sparingly soluble in water. As a result, seedlings grow quickly, do not get sick and, in the future, bear fruit well.
Sulfate supplements should be avoided. They are absorbed by seedlings the worst and can even harm. You can determine the presence of sulfates in the fertilizer by finding the inscriptions with “SO 4” on the packaging. Sometimes, manufacturers indicate: - "Sulfate".
But, most often, there are no special instructions. All trace elements are the same. This is needed by plants boron, magnesium, iron, zinc, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. But, in the form of sulfates, with the very “tail” of SO 4, they are ineffective in caring for seedlings.
The classification of fertilizers does not end with chelates and sulfates. There are many types of supplements. They are divided not only by composition, but also by the form of release, origin. Details in the next chapter.
Types of fertilizers for seedlings
Let's start with universal and specialized fertilizers. For seedlings of pepper, for example, you can not take fresh manure. It burns the roots. They are tender in the shoots of peppers. Therefore, if manure is only rotted and only in solution.
It turns out that the feeding is specialized, that is, it is not suitable for all plants. By the way, fertilizer for tomato seedlings should reduce the acidity of the soil. Therefore, many gardeners buy superphosphate. However, another one will do fertilizer for tomato seedlings with magnesium.
Tomatoes are classified as vegetables. On the summer cottages they are usually grown several. Therefore, they acquire non-specialized fertilizer for seedlings of tomatoes and peppers, for example, but universal.
These mixtures are used with equal success for all crops, not only vegetables, but also fruits and greens. The most accessible wood ash is a simple and cheap mineral complex. Good for all plants.
Now, about the origin of dressings. There are inorganic, organic and organomineral, that is, combined. Decay products of living tissues contain humic acids. They will strengthen the root system of seedlings, have a beneficial effect on its immunity, and accelerate growth.
However, top dressing only from minerals is more easily absorbed by young shoots. What fertilizer for seedlings choose, it is worth deciding based on the characteristics of the culture. If she already has strong roots and stable immunity, it is better to purchase instant complexes of mineral salts.
The manure mentioned above is a purely organic fertilizer, like bird droppings. Without an additional complex of minerals, top dressing can bring surprises. Concentration useful elements, the quality of the mixture depends on the nutrition, health of the animals.
Manure can be either too vigorous or not nutritious for plants. Moreover, pure organic fertilizers capable of becoming a source of seedling infection.
In the first chapter it was mentioned that seedlings absorb solutions best. However, top dressing is produced not only in the form of a liquid. You can dilute in water tablets, granules, powders. This is the division of fertilizers according to the form of implementation. What is the price division? We will devote the next chapter to the issue of the cost of top dressing.
Prices for fertilizers for seedlings
At home you can get it wood ash, litter of birds and cows. For subsistence farmers, these supplements will cost nothing. As for purchased mixtures, the price range is large.
The requests of sellers depend on the ambitions of the company, the form of release of the mixture, its mass. Although, the solid weight of top dressing does not always mean that the cost is high. Take for example "Fortress" for seedlings. Fertilizer costs about 50-90 rubles, despite the volume of only a quarter liter.
Approximately 5 such bottles will come out of the dry form of the same top dressing. At the same time, a 50-gram package of "Fortress" costs 30-40 rubles. It turns out that it is more profitable to purchase dry mixes, despite their small volume.
Fertilizers for vegetable seedlings, fruits, berries, green crops are expensive if produced abroad. imported goods bought for dollars.
The ruble price is formed accordingly. In the context of the devaluation of the domestic currency, imported and Russian top dressings can be the same in composition, but differ strikingly in cost.
Fertilizers for seedlings - reviews
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We have prepared a hearty, incredibly appetizing and simply elementary dish for you today. This gravy is one hundred percent universal, as it will suit every side dish: vegetables, pasta, and anything. Gravy with chicken and mushrooms will save you in moments when there is no time or you don’t want to think too much about what to cook. Grab your favorite side dish (you can make this ahead of time to keep it hot), add gravy and dinner is ready! A real lifesaver.
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Having once tasted such an invaluable product as a pumpkin, it is already difficult to stop looking for more and more new recipes for serving it to the table. Korean pumpkin, despite its pungency and spice, has a fresh and delicate taste. After cooking, you will need to cover the salad and let it brew for at least 15 minutes. My nutmeg pumpkin is very juicy and sweet, so there is no need to knead it. If the pumpkin is of a different variety, then you can knead it with your hands so that it slightly releases the juice.
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