Typical plants of the steppe. The flora of the steppe zone: photos, pictures, videos of steppe vegetation. Plants of the steppe zone: photos and names

How many poems and stories have been written about the steppe, about its pristine beauty. I live in East Kazakhstan, and we have a lot of steppes. Most beautiful time here it is spring. Everything starts to come alive and bloom. So, I will tell you what plants grow in this natural area, go!

What grows in the steppe

grow here herbaceous plants few shrubs and trees. Tulip, iris, feather grass, kermek, etc. are found here.

For example, iris blooms in early spring. It can be immediately recognized by the elongated stem and the flower of a twisted shape. They are following colors:

  • blue;
  • yellow;
  • purple;
  • white.

True, the duration of flowering is only 2 weeks. But another plant - feather grass. It can be recognized by its panicle inflorescences. Seeing a feather grass on the field, you might think that this is one giant blanket. While the plant is young, the hairs are soft, and livestock eats it. But, no matter how beautiful the feather grass would look, it harms agriculture. When the seeds ripen, they scatter along with these hairs throughout the steppe, picked up by the wind.

And steppe cherry grows in the steppe. In height, it reaches about the waist of a person. Ripens already in June. The fruits do not differ in taste from ordinary cherries, and the inhabitants of the steppe eat its berries with pleasure.


What medicinal plants are in the steppe

Medicinal plants also grow in the steppe:

  • cornflower;
  • skewer;
  • immortelle;
  • chamomile;
  • sagebrush;
  • hemorrhagic pharmacy.

Cornflower and burnet are used as an anti-inflammatory agent, and can also be used as an anesthetic. Wormwood is used as a disinfectant and tonic. Well, such a flower as chamomile does have several properties. Although at first glance it seems that this is the most common plant. So, chamomile is used as an antiseptic and hemostatic agent. Does not allow inflammation to spread. Improves liver function and relieves convulsions.


Steppe plants are beautiful. Here you rarely see a tree or a bush, but the whole earth under your feet and for several kilometers ahead is covered with a wide variety of herbs and flowers.

The Danish steppes are, first of all, the mysterious world of herbs. As you know, each blade of grass is a unique healing wizard, you just need to know the right spell. Surely you would like to eat a magic leaf or drink a miraculous decoction from all ailments and misfortunes, but only a real herbalist can understand all the nuances of this ancient art. Traditional medicine has long been used from ancient times to the present day by mankind.

Healing medicinal plants- this is perhaps one of the oldest methods of treatment. Even our great-grandmothers, long before the advent and development of medicine, brewed decoctions and made infusions for all diseases, the first healers used healing powers herbs in their potions. It is sad to note that in our age of cybernetic technologies and crazy inventions, we are less and less turning to mother nature for help, relying on pills and potions created in laboratories.

(trample-grass, grass-ant, goose). Highlander bird (knotweed) is a herbaceous annual plant, belongs to the buckwheat family, with a stem lying on the ground, located in the nodes,membranous, dissected, small whitish trumpets. The root is typically taproot. The leaves are alternate, small, oval. The flowers are small, light green or slightly pink, located in the axils of the leaves. Flowering time early summer - autumn. Knotweed can be found in wastelands, near roads, in river valleys. AT medicinal purposes flowering grass is used as a means to stop bleeding in the postpartum period or after an abortion, as well as in diseases of the kidneys.

Melilot officinalis(yellow) - grassy biennial plant which belongs to the legume family. The flowers are small, yellow, moth-like, located in the brush. The plant usually blooms all summer. It can be found in ravines, slopes of gullies, forest edges, among shrubs and tall grass in the steppe, in meadows. Sweet clover is used for nervous diseases, cardiospasm, migraine, menopause, as an expectorant, laxative, insomnia, headache, melancholy, menstrual disorders, ascites, pain in the bladder, intestines, flatulence and for nursing mothers. Decoction, infusion of sweet clover and ointment from its flowers are recommended for treatment of purulent wounds, mastitis, furunculosis, otitis media. Do not use during pregnancy and kidney disease. Sweet clover is a poisonous plant. It is advisable to use it only in collections.

Oregano- perennial herbaceous plant. The flowers are small, lilac-pink in color, form a panicle. Flowering time July-September. Occurs on the edges of the forest, meadows, in river valleys. Oregano has a high bactericidal effect, normalizes activity nervous system body, effective against inflammatory processes, ensures the normal functioning of the intestinal tract, diuretic and choleretic agent. Oregano grass is recommended for use in sore throat, delayed menstruation, hypersexual excitability, colds, lung and heart diseases, diathesis, epilepsy, scrofula, diseases of the intestines and stomach, problems with the gallbladder, liver. The infusion is used in the form of baths, lotions, wet compresses for skin diseases. They smell dry flower tops, worn leaves for headaches and runny nose, wash their hair with a decoction to combat dandruff and hair loss.

St. John's wort- grassy perennial. The flowers of the plant are golden yellow with characteristic black dots. Flowering continues throughout summer period. St. John's wort is found at the edges, in meadows, in rare pine and deciduous forests on fallow lands, clearings, and sandy slopes. St. John's wort is used for chronic disorders and diseases of the stomach, periodontal disease, stomatitis, colitis, diarrhea, chronic inflammatory diseases kidney stones, cholelithiasis, in gynecology, gingivitis, rheumatism, with bad breath, with nervous diseases, arthritis, sciatica, for the treatment of heart diseases, with colds, diseases of the liver, bladder, hemorrhoids, headaches, bedwetting.

red clover- herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the legume family. The upright stems of red clover are slightly pubescent. Leaves with wide stipules in the form of a triangle are long-petiolate. Clover flowers are dark red, small, collected in an inflorescence head. Blooms actively in the second half of summer (July - August). Grows in fields, wet meadows, slopes of grassy forest edges, along roads and paths. plant in folk medicine has long been used for lung diseases (as an expectorant), tinnitus, low hemoglobin levels, angina pectoris, appetite disorders, painful critical days and as a diuretic, dizziness. Decoction and infusion of clover inflorescences treat inflammation of the eyes. In the form of lotions, they are used for tumors, wounds, burns, scrofula. The clover inflorescence is used for brewing tea, and delicious salads are prepared from the young leaves of the plant.

horse sorrel - a herbaceous perennial plant, belongs to the buckwheat family. Blooms in early and mid-summer. Occurs along river banks, in meadows, on hillsides, as well as in dense groves, in forest clearings or close to roads. It has bactericidal properties, in small doses, horse sorrel has astringent properties, in large doses it has a laxative effect, and the laxative effect occurs 10-12 hours after ingestion. Horse sorrel is used in the form of a decoction, infusion or extract in the treatment of diseases such as colitis and their varieties, hemorrhoids, in case of anal fissures, it can be used as an antiseptic, hemostatic agent. Horse sorrel is contraindicated in pregnancy, kidney disease.

Nettle- a dioecious herbaceous plant, perennial, belonging to the nettle family. The flowers are greenish in color. Blooms from mid-June until autumn. Reduces blood clotting time, increases the amount of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in the blood, improves metabolism, reduces blood sugar, normalizes the menstrual cycle, provides muscle tone of the uterus and intestines, is a strong anti-inflammatory and healing agent. It is used in case of internal bleeding, anemia, subserous fibromyomas, menopause, at the stages of the early development of diabetes, constipation. Nettle can also be used for diseases of the biliary tract and liver, to eliminate nervous disorders, fever, obesity, as a milk extractor. A decoction, or an infusion of nettle roots, is advised to drink as a blood cleanser for skin diseases, as well as for helminthic invasions, compresses are made from a decoction of the whole plant for tumors. Water infusion of flowers is used for pulmonary diseases. From a strong infusion of nettle leaves, lotions are made for wounds, ulcers and burns, is effective tool with dandruff, hair loss. When bleeding, the juice of fresh leaves can be instilled into the nose. Brooms are made from previously scalded nettles and steamed in baths with painful sensations in the lumbar region or rheumatism of the joints. Powder from dried leaves can be sprinkled with abscesses and ulcers. Nettle, among other things, is also used to make tonic salads and even soups or borscht.

Burdock(burdock) - a plant belonging to the Compositae family, herbaceous, biennial, has been widely used since the time of our great-grandmothers. The decoction and infusion of the roots are known for their strong diuretic and diaphoretic effects. Burdock is used for diabetes, gout, nephrolithiasis and rheumatism, ascites, hemorrhoids, skin diseases, constipation, in case of poisoning, venereal diseases, soreness in the joints, to get rid of purulent old wounds, tumors, is often used as a remedy that can improve metabolism, with stone disease of the kidneys and bladder, with diseases of the stomach, to strengthen hair. Early leaves of burdock are good to use for making delicious salads and soups, and the roots of one year of life can be eaten raw, boiled, baked, fried, and can also replace potatoes in soup.

Goof narrow-leaved- Shrub with red-brown branches. The flowers are white, located in the axils of the leaves. In folk medicine, products derived from the fruit of the sucker are used as an astringent for colitis, diarrhea and respiratory diseases. From the infusion of flowers, heart remedies are made, in particular for hypertension.

Coltsfoot- a plant belonging to the Compositae family, herbaceous, perennial. The leaves grow from the root, are quite large in size, rounded in shape, green above, pubescent, bare below. Flowering begins in spring in April - May, refers to the ephemera. The plant has a strong anti-inflammatory and softening effect on expectoration, as well as an effective diaphoretic, coltsfoot is actively used for respiratory diseases, tonsillitis, pain in the gastrointestinal tract, appetite disorders and skin diseases, it is effective for inflammation of the veins of the legs, hoarseness. Compresses from a decoction or from crushed leaves can be used externally for abscesses, tumors, inflammation of the veins, burns, wounds, gargles are recommended for sore throats, and enemas for intestinal diseases.

Peppermint- a herbaceous, perennial plant belonging to the mint family. It blooms almost all summer, capturing autumn. Since ancient times, mint leaves have been recommended for use in stomach and intestinal cramps, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea and vomiting, effectively as a choleretic agent, with gallstones, with jaundice, as an anesthetic for hepatic colic, as well as a stimulant of cardiac activity and as a remedy for headaches, in case of nervous diseases and as a result of insomnia, in inflammatory processes in the periosteum of the middle ear, in nephrolithiasis. In a 1:4 alcohol solution, the essential oil is rubbed into the scalp for migraines, it is very effective for skin inflammations and is indispensable for inhalation in respiratory diseases.

Dandelion officinalis- a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Compositae family. Flowering continues from May to August. Dandelion root and herb are effective in diseases of the gallbladder, liver, jaundice, cholelithiasis, disorders gastrointestinal tract, namely with colitis and constipation, with hemorrhoids, improves the quality of digestion and stimulates appetite, are indispensable in the treatment of atherosclerosis, anemia, and skin diseases. Young leaves of a freshly picked dandelion are used as an ingredient in a salad.

Shepherd's bag- an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the cruciferous family. flowers small size, white color, collected in an elongated brush. Contraindicated in pregnant women. The herb is a hemostatic agent, helps to reduce the uterine muscles, reduces pressure, is used to stop bleeding of an internal nature, for wounds, for the treatment of fever, diarrhea; a decoction or juice of a fresh plant, diluted with water, is recommended for use in diseases of the liver, hepatic colic, kidney and bladder diseases, and impaired metabolism. Shepherd's purse infusion is prescribed as a hemostatic agent for uterine cancer. plant leaves in fresh use in food, preparing salads, soups from them; The seeds taste like mustard.

Common tansy(Wild mountain ash) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Compositae family. The stem is tall, erect, the leaves have a pinnate dissection, strongly smelling when rubbed, the flowers are yellow, small in size, in the form of tubules, collected in an inflorescence basket. Blooms almost all summer. Tansy is used for helminthic diseases such as ascariasis and pinworms, for liver diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, for nervous disorders, inflammatory processes in the bladder and kidneys, kidney stones, for gout, headaches, malaria, as a menstrual stimulant, in febrile conditions, pulmonary tuberculosis, jaundice, rheumatism of the joints, jaundice, dislocations and wounds, as well as in the case of epilepsy.

Plantain large- widely famous plant herbaceous perennial, belonging to the plantain family. The inflorescence is a long, dense spike in the form of a cylinder, from small brownish flowers. Flowering continues all summer until autumn. Plantain has a hemostatic, bactericidal, well heals wounds, is characterized by an expectorant and pressure-lowering effect. Large plantain leaf juice is used to treat patients with chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract; used as a diuretic, as well as in chronic lung diseases, effective in dyspepsia, diabetes, helps with male and female infertility, is recommended for eye diseases, in the treatment of cancer, liver disease. Outwardly, it is advised to use it for erysipelas, ulcers, carbuncle wounds; freshly picked, washed in boiled water, crushed leaves are placed on the affected parts of the skin or washed with a tincture of the leaves.

Wormwood- tincture, decoction and extract of the plant are most often used as a source of bitterness for the development of appetite and activation of the digestive system. Contraindicated in pregnancy. Wormwood is used in diseases of the biliary tract, pancreas, colitis, helminthiasis, in the presence of bad bad breath, in various pulmonary diseases, not excluding whooping cough, tuberculosis, acute respiratory diseases, with sexual indifference, problems with menstrual cycle, with violations of sexual development, amenorrhea, infertility.

wheatgrass- the rhizome contains sugar-containing elements, glycosides, alcohols, a large number of vitamins, fatty and essential oils, useful organic acids. The use is recommended in the treatment of urinary and biliary tract, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in addition, they are treated with furunculosis, rickets, chronic constipation, hemorrhoids.

Chamomile officinalis- a plant belonging to the family Compositae herbaceous, annual. White flowers are collected in an inflorescence basket. Flowering continues for a long time from spring to late summer. Chamomile inflorescences, as a rule, without stems, with a pedicel length not exceeding 3 cm, are collected at the beginning of flowering, during the period when the reed marginal flowers in the baskets are horizontal. Essential oils of chamomile are a strong disinfectant and diaphoretic, help reduce gas formation, provide pain relief, prevent inflammation, chamomile is recommended for normalizing the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, activates the functioning of the central nervous system, speeding up breathing, increasing the number of heart contractions at times, has a vasodilator action, especially for the brain. Large quantities essential oils can cause headache and a general state of weakness. Preparations of chamomile officinalis affect the increase in the secretion of juices of the stomach and intestines; enhance bile secretion and increase appetite. Chamomile has a great effect in the treatment of bronchial asthma, rheumatism, skin diseases, burns, gastric diseases, colitis, colds, malaria, diseases associated with fever, scrofula, diseases of the nervous system, insomnia, in addition to excessive excitability, neuralgic pain, painful critical days, uterine bleeding, overwork. Outwardly, this plant is recommended for use in hemorrhoids, with increased sweating of the legs, chamomile has shown itself well in matters of hair care, good therapeutic effect renders at gynecologic diseases, trichomonas colpitis. In case of a flu-like condition, it is recommended to do inhalation with hot steam of chamomile infusion. For sluggish healing wounds, use externally, as well as for children's colic. With gout, ulcers and boils, preferably in the form of a decoction mixed with salt.

prickly tartar- a biennial herbaceous prickly plant belonging to the Compositae family. Flowering continues all summer. In folk medicine, tartar is used as a decoction in the treatment of malignant tumors, purulent wounds, is effective in the treatment of tetanus, ulcers, skin cancer, lupus and scrofula, vascular rheumatism, is indispensable as a diuretic, with painful sensations in the bladder, and is recommended for colds. for use as a decoction or powder.

Thyme(Thyme? C, or Common thyme, or Bogorodskaya grass?) - a perennial shrub up to 15 cm high, the shoot spreads along the ground, only the flower-bearing stems rise or even are erect. Depending on the habitat, flowering continues from late spring all summer, but fruit ripening occurs in mid-summer until September. It is one of the best honey plants. Young leaves and shoots of thyme are great for salads and even for pickling cucumbers. All kinds of infusions, decoctions and thyme extract are recommended for diseases of acute and chronic respiratory tract, tuberculosis and bronchial asthma. Creeping thyme is characterized by an antimicrobial, sedative, effective in convulsions, a strong analgesic that promotes wound healing and a wide spectrum of action in helminthiasis. The aerial part of the plant is used for expectorant, astringent and choleretic preparations, as well as bath preparations for inflammatory processes in the joints, it is also recommended for nervous diseases, as a diuretic, diaphoretic and antihypertensive agent. When applied externally, it is used in the form of compresses, soothing baths and lotions for painful sensations in the muscles. Thyme ointments and lotions are desirable for use in rheumatism of the joints, it heals wounds well in skin diseases.

yarrow- a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Compositae family. It blooms all summer, capturing the autumn months. As a rule, the upper parts of a flowering plant are used for treatment, which should be collected during the flowering period. Yarrow has well-pronounced anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties. Yarrow preparations increase the rate of blood clotting, are characterized as the strongest means of combating inflammatory, allergic reactions of the body, as well as rapid wound healing. In addition, yarrow increases the contractility of the uterine muscles, which explains its frequent use in uterine bleeding, the plant has a vasodilating effect and analgesic in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Yarrow is recommended for use in stopping internal bleeding - pulmonary, intestinal, uterine, hemorrhoidal, nasal, bleeding from the gums and wounds. In addition, yarrow preparations are also effective as a means of calming nature. With inflammation of the respiratory tract, yarrow is used as an infusion, as well as to improve appetite and digestion in general, with problems with the menstrual cycle, to increase the amount of milk in nursing mothers.

Common hop - climbing plant belonging to the mulberry family, dioecious, perennial, with illiterate use even poisonous, the length can be up to 3-6 m, the root is fleshy, simple. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, unisexual, the fruits are rounded, in the form of one-seeded nuts, which are combined into yellowish-green inflorescences in the form of cones. Flowering lasts almost all summer, fruiting occurs in late summer, usually already in autumn. Common hop grows along the shores of lakes, rivers, in well-moistened broad-leaved forests, in glades, forest edges, in forest and forest-steppe zones, most often among shrubs. Preparations of "cones" of hops are used as a sedative, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and analgesic. They are used for excessive nervous and sexual excitability, sleep disorders, nervous diseases, radiculitis, kidney disease, painful critical days, nocturnal emissions, menopause. Especially effective "cones" of hops in cystitis and urethritis.

Chicory- herbaceous plant belonging to the Compositae family, perennial. The flowers are blue, although pink or white are also found, collected in a basket inflorescence. Flowering continues throughout the summer until September. Chicory is used as a gastric, choleretic, laxative and is used to treat diseases of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and skin diseases. The hypoglycemic effect of chicory in diabetes mellitus has been found. Decoctions of roots and inflorescences have a bactericidal, sedative and astringent effect, enhances the secretion of gastric and intestinal juice, peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract, increased appetite, choleretic and diuretic, immunomodulatory, antiallergic agent.

Celandine- a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the poppy family. The straight stem of the plant is branched, with small hairs. Celandine, unlike many other plants, contains yellow-orange milky juice. Flowering continues almost all summer. The herb is characterized by a bactericidal, pronounced antitumor effect, is effective in the fight against fungal diseases, tones the smooth uterine muscles, affects blood pressure, lowering it, and has a choleretic effect. In addition, celandine is often used for heart disease, liver and gallbladder diseases, stomach cancer, colon polyposis. Fresh celandine grass juice is used to cauterize or remove warts, condylomas. It is recommended for use in the treatment of gout and rheumatism of the joints, skin tuberculosis, dry calluses, skin diseases, and ascites.

Salvia officinalis- semi-shrub belonging to the labiate family, perennial. Sage flowers produce a sweet-smelling sweet nectar. Flowering continues from June to July. The leaves of this shrub are characterized by anti-inflammatory, disinfectant, astringent, emollient and sweat-limiting action, the ability to stop bleeding. It is used in the form of infusion or decoction of leaves for stomatitis, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, in the form of therapeutic douching in case of tonsillitis and gynecological diseases, it is effective as a means of reducing sweating - the effect of this plant occurs after 1-2 hours, and the inhibition of sweating processes can continue sometimes the whole day, it is also recommended for menopausal women, and even as a means of reducing lactation in nursing mothers.

Steppes are a type of vegetation represented by a community of drought-resistant perennial herbaceous plants with a predominance of turf grasses, less often sedges and onions.

They are common where there is very little rainfall and the climate is warm temperate.

Habitat

If subjected to analysis geographical location steppe reliefs on the globe, it will be found that the most common steppes are formed in the interior of the continent.

The steppe regions of the temperate zones of the southern and northern hemispheres are characterized by treeless watersheds, a dry hot climate, and the dominance of grassy greenery on dark chestnut and black earth lands.

The steppes, modified by pasture digression, prevail over the area and show low-grass pasture communities with a predominance of fescue and sagebrush. Among other things, the steppe includes herbs and various shrubs. In addition to the mountain steppes, solonetzic plants of the steppe, such as wormwood, vostrets, etc., remained in small fragments on the plain. For the steppe on gravelly lands, thyme, cornflowers and other plants are specific.

Systematization

According to the research of researchers, according to the classification, steppe plants can be divided into two types:

  • meadow (in the forest-steppe zone);
  • typical (in the steppe zone).

There are a large number of different plants, consider only a few of them in more detail:

Biennial or perennial herbaceous plant. The height of the plant is about one and a half meters. Stem solitary, straight, spreading upwards. The leaves are pinnate, large, 10 to 25 cm long and 4 to 10 cm wide. Leaves are rosette with petiole, sessile, amplexicaul.

Green on top, and covered with snow-white felt from below, there are scanty spines along the edges. The flowers are collected in spherical inflorescences of a bluish-white color. The diameter of the spherical head is 4-5 cm. The fruits are seeds. Grows among bushes in river valleys, wastelands and forest edges.

Perennial- Compositae families with an upright stem. Its height varies from 45 to 62 cm. The stem leaves are pinnately dissected, divided into great amount cloves. The inflorescence is corymbose.

Small, snow-white flowers (pink-lilac or red). Blooms very long time in June-August, Grows on hills everywhere, can also grow in the meadow steppe. Often found on steep slopes.

. Perennial herbaceous plant - lily family. The asparagus stem is erect, up to 150 cm high, branched. The leaves are reduced to scales, in the axils of the stem, modified shoots are created that look like leaves. The camouflage stem is even, bright, forming shoots.

They are used as vegetable plant. Flowers are emerald yellow. The fruit is scarlet (berry). Blooms in June - July. Asparagus can grow in meadows, among small forests, in the steppes and of course on the slopes of the mountains.

herbaceous plant of the family ranunculus. Differs in early flowering (from 40 to 50 days). The very first flowers, as always, are large, pale yellow, amber, apical.

At the beginning of flowering (the height of the bush is from 10 to 15 cm), and at the time of fruiting it reaches 35 - 65 cm. It occurs almost everywhere:

  • in each bush from 3 to 15 generative;
  • and from 4 to 22 vegetative shoots.

. The plant is from the mint family. It has a creeping and branched stem. Roots, forming new stems. Leaves are rounded kidney-shaped, petiolate. Flowers 3-5 pcs. are in the axils of medium leaves, they are tiny, violet-blue or azure-lilac.

Pedicels five times shorter than calyx, bracts provided. The height of the stems varies from 10 to 35 cm. It blooms in May-June. Can grow along ravines and on hillsides.

Perennial herbaceous plant - family St. John's wort. The stem is straight, height from 45 to 75 cm, glabrous, with 2 faces. Leaves oblong-sessile. Dotted receptacles are scattered on the leaves, which look like holes, hence the name - perforated St. John's wort.

Flowers are countless, yellow-golden hue, collected in a wide-paniculate, almost corymbose inflorescence. The sepals are pointed with a complete edge. Petals twice as long as sepals, blooms in June-July. The rhizome is not thick and stems depart from it.

Veronica oak

Perennial herbaceous plant. Green shoots are preserved all year round. The leaves are placed opposite. The flower has one pistil and two stamens. Veronica fruit is compressed box. Grows in meadows.

. Plant buckwheat family, height ranges from 15 to 40 cm. It has even spreading stems. The leaves are lanceolate or elliptical, tiny, with a short spine. The flowers are present in the axils of the leaves and are divided throughout the whole plant. The corolla is a dull pink. The fruit is a nutlet (trihedral).

Blooms from May to October. It grows along paths, on avenues, in yards, on pastures. By the way, on pastures where there is a huge overload of livestock, all plant variations suffer, however, only not knotweed.

Common colza

Herbaceous plant - belongs to the family cruciferous. Bright greenish rosettes of colza from intricate pinnately dissected leaves. Blooms in May-June.

With an abundance of moisture and sun from melted snow near the colza lightning fast a flower-bearing process with a brush of yellow flowers is drawn out.

The fruit is multi-seeded, strong. Honeymoon is excellent.

Violet

Belongs to the violet family. The stem reaches about 30 cm. The petioles are large, wide-heart-shaped leaves (grooved). Stipules are large, rusty-red. It grows on a hill, in places with a low grassy cover. It will grow well on rocky areas of the surface.

. Family (composites). The root is woody, vertical, forming branched flower-bearing shoots and straight uneven purple branched flower-bearing shoots.

The leaves of the processes and the lower stem leaves are three times pinnately dissected, the lobules are 3-10 mm long (narrow-linear), slightly pointed, the upper and middle stem leaves are sessile, short, narrow-linear. The outer leaves are oval, almost rounded, plastic, green on the back, the inner ones are membranous-bordered.

The steppe zone is considered one of the main land biomes. Plants in the steppe are quite resistant to arid climate and can coexist for a long time with a lack of moisture.

It is a mistake to think that steppe flowers, deprived of a sufficient amount of moisture, look dull and unattractive. It is enough to recall the names of such steppe plants as hyacinth, clematis - and it immediately becomes clear that the steppes are not without bright colors.

Below you will find out what other plants grow in the steppe zone and are suitable for cultivation under conditions middle lane. You can also get acquainted with the names, see photos of steppe flowers that adorn landscape flower beds and rockeries.

Drought-resistant steppe plants with flowers

This chapter lists steppe flowers with names that do not tolerate stagnant moisture.

Adonis (ADONIS). Buttercup family.

Adonis spring (A. vernalis) - graceful spring plant steppes of Europe and Siberia. It is a perennial with a short rhizome and branched stems that form a shrub.
20-30 cm high. The leaves are light green, thinly divided.

The flowers are solitary, bright yellow, up to 8 cm in diameter, shiny and very elegant. adonis blossoms in early spring(late April - early May).

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with rich loose alkaline soils, well drained. This drought-resistant steppe plant with flowers does not tolerate stagnant water.

Reproduction. Preferably by seeds, as it does not tolerate the division of the bush. Seeds do not germinate together, during the year. Sowing freshly harvested. Planting density - 5-6 bushes per 1 m2.

Adonis is a difficult plant to cultivate - an object for experienced hobbyists. But with proper planting, it can decorate a flower garden for 10-15 years without transplants.

Anafalis (ANAPHALIS). Aster family (composite).

Two species of this drought-resistant steppe plant are cultivated, growing in East Asia and North America. Bush with erect stems 50-80 cm high, with white-tomentose pubescence of stems, leaves and flowers. The leaves are narrow, linear, entire. At the ends of the shoots are small silvery baskets in a corymbose inflorescence. Easily forms self-seeding.

Types and varieties:

Anafalis three-veined(A. triplinervis)- with larger leaves.

Anafalis pearl(A. margaritacea)- leaves are smaller.

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with dry neutral soils.

Reproduction. By dividing the bush (spring, late summer), seeds (sowing before winter). Transplantation and division after 3-4 years. Planting density -9 pcs. per 1 m2.

Used in mixed flower beds, mixborders, rockeries.

Goniolimon (GONIOLIMON). The pig family.

Steppe and semi-desert perennials, typical "tumbleweeds", forming a dense spherical bush 10-40 cm high from highly branched inflorescences and oblong ovate leaves collected in a surface rosette.

Look at the photo: these steppe flowers, which are silvery "balls", can decorate any flower garden on dry soil and a winter bouquet.

Types and varieties:

goniolimon beautiful(G. speciosum)- the leaves of the rosette are rounded, bluish, the inflorescence is in the form of "deer antlers".

Goniolimon Tatar (G.tataricum)- leaves are ovate, spiky, the inflorescence is more loose, corymbose.

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with deep, well-drained, sandy soils. They do not tolerate moisture stagnation. Salt resistant.

Reproduction. Preferably by seeds, seedlings bloom in the 2-3rd year, it is better to transplant young plants. Perhaps cuttings in the spring. Planting density - single.

An excellent plant for rockeries or as tapeworms on dry slopes, against an inert layer (crushed stone or gravel). They are also used in, especially in winter bouquets.

Decorative steppe plants

Below you will see photos and names of steppe plants, which are the most decorative.

Kachim, gypsophila (GYPSOPHILA). Carnation family.

These are mainly perennials from the steppes and semi-deserts of Eurasia. They have a deep tap root, small lanceolate leaves on knotted, highly branched stems. Panicle inflorescences of this ornamental plant steppe zone, consisting of small flowers, are numerous and provide an openwork, "flying" appearance of the bush (height 60-90 cm). The exception is k. creeping (height 10-15 cm).

Types and varieties:

Kachim panicled (G. panicuiata)- large (up to 100 cm) tumbleweed bush, varieties:

"Compacta Plena"

Flamingo- With pink flowers.

Kachim creeping (G. repens)- low, creeping, grade "Rosea" - with pink flowers.

Kachim pacific (G. pacifica)- openwork bush, 50 cm high, with pink flowers.

Kachim holly (G. acutifoiia)- high bush (up to 170 cm), falling apart.

Growing conditions. Sunny places with loose neutral dry soils.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring), seedlings bloom in the 2-3rd year, but they need to be transplanted two years. It is possible (but difficult) to reproduce by renewal buds with a "heel" in the spring. Planting density - single bushes.

Meadowsweet (FILIPENDULA). Rosaceae family.

A diverse group of plants, 15 species grow in the temperate zone of Eurasia and North America. Among them there are low dry-loving plants of the steppes - l. ordinary and high moisture-loving - l. Kamchatka, but always very decorative, with a delicate aroma, easily cultivated plants with a dense inflorescence of small fragrant flowers.

Types and varieties:

Drought-resistant, relatively low (height 30-50 cm) meadowsweet ordinary (F. vulgaris) has a rosette of openwork feathery wintering leaves, blooms in May, often grows a terry form - "Plena".

meadowsweet (F. ulmaria)- 100-150 cm high with a dense inflorescence of small white flowers, a common plant in wet meadows and edges of central Russia.

Meadowsweet red (F. rubra)- 150-200 cm high with large feathery leaves and an inflorescence of pink flowers (variety "Venusta" with dark pink flowers), grows along the banks of rivers in North America.

Purple meadowsweet (F. purpurea)- 50-100 cm high with palmate leaves and panicle of purple flowers.

Meadowsweet Kamchatka(F. kamtschatica)- 150-300 cm high, forms a magnificent shrub with large palmate leaves and a panicle of white flowers (grows well in partial shade on moist clay soils).

Meadowsweet ordinary- decoration of sunny rockeries, can be planted in borders. The rest - create spots in flower beds like " natural garden"and in mixborders.

Growing conditions. Dry sunny places with neutral soil for l. ordinary, other species can grow in the sun and in partial shade, but always on a good
moist soils.

Reproduction. By dividing the bush (in spring and at the end of summer) and seeds (sowing before winter). Seedlings bloom in the 2-3rd year. Planting density - from single to 12 pieces. per 1 m2.

Widely used in mixborders (in the foreground), rockeries, borders, in beds with fragrant herbs. The flowers are dried and used for flavoring.
premises. Meadowsweet Kamchatka is suitable for single landings among the lawn or against the background of ground cover plants.

Hyacinth (HYACINTHUS). Hyacinth family (lily).

The genus includes about 30 species growing in the Mediterranean. In culture, varieties of the eastern city are mainly grown.

Hyacinth orientalis (H. Orientalis)- bulbous perennial, spherical bulb, compact bush, belt-shaped leaves, fragrant bell-shaped flowers, in a loose racemose inflorescence, located on a fleshy leafless peduncle.
In nature, it grows in the steppes of Asia Minor. More than 200 varieties of this plant are known.

They are grouped into two groups:

1) varieties with simple flowers;

2) varieties with double flowers.

All of them bloom in early May for 10-14 days, have different height peduncle (15-35 cm), differ in color.

Growing conditions. Sunny areas with well-drained, light sandy loamy soil enriched with humus do not tolerate stagnant moisture. It is possible, but not necessary, to dig out in June, dry it, and plant it in the ground in early October and cover it with spruce branches.

Reproduction. Bulbs, baby bulbs. Planting density - 25 pcs. per 1 m2.

Tall steppe flowers

Below are the names and photos of steppe flowers, reaching a height of one meter.

Kermek, limonium (LIMONIUM). The pig family.

This is a tall steppe flower, also found in the semi-deserts of Europe, Central Asia and Altai. They have a thick tap root that extends deep into the soil and a rosette of dense elliptical basal leaves. Peduncles branched, blue-violet flowers.

Kinds:

Kermek broadleaf(L. platyphyllum = L. latifolium)- up to 100 cm high, the leaves are large, broadly oval, the inflorescence is loosely paniculate.

Kermek Gmelin (L. gmelinii)- 50 cm high, narrow elliptical leaves, pyramidal inflorescence.

Growing conditions. Sunny places with drained sandy or rocky soils. Tolerates light soil salinity.

Reproduction. Seeds (sowing before winter), seedlings bloom in the 2-3rd year. Transplant only young plants (under the age of 3 years). Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.

, clematis (CLEMATIS). Buttercup family.

The genus includes shrubs, semi-shrubs and herbs. Herbaceous perennials have a powerful deep root system, stems 50-100 cm high. Leaves are leathery.
Flowers solitary, drooping or in corymbose inflorescence. They grow in steppe meadows, in the steppes and among shrubs in Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia.

What plants grow in the steppe?

  • Mountain steppes with lush alpine vegetation and high mountains, characterized by sparse and inconspicuous vegetation, mainly consisting of grains and breakwort.
  • Meadow. Steppes, characterized by the presence of small forests, forming clearings and edges.
  • Real. Steppes with feather grass and fescue growing on them in great predominance. These are the most typical steppe plants.
  • Saz - steppes, consisting of plants that adapt to an arid climate, shrubs.
  • Desert steppes on which desert grasses grow tumbleweed, wormwood, prutnyak
  • It is also necessary to say a few words about the forest-steppes, which are characterized by the alternation of deciduous forests and coniferous forests with areas of steppes, since the plants of the steppe and forest-steppe differ only in subspecies.

The steppe has its embodiment on any continent except Antarctica, and on different continents it has its own name: in North America it is the prairie, in South America it is the pampas (pampas), in South America, Africa and Australia it is savannah. In New Zealand, the steppe is called Tussoki.

Let us consider in more detail which plants grow in the steppe.

Plant species of the steppe

  • Krupka. This is an annual plant of the cruciferous family, growing in the highlands and in the tundra. There are about 100 varieties of grains, typical for our steppes. It is characterized by a branched stem with oblong leaves, crowned with tassels of yellow flowers. Flowering period April - July. In folk herbal medicine, krupka is used as a hemostatic, expectorant and diuretic.
  • Breaker. It is also an annual plant, about 25 cm long and with oblong leaves, many flower arrows, each of which ends in an inflorescence consisting of tiny white flowers. Prolomnik is used as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diuretic and hemostatic, as well as an anticonvulsant for epilepsy.
  • Poppy. Depending on the species, it is an annual or perennial grass With flower buds on long peduncles. It grows on rocky slopes, near mountain streams and rivers, in fields, along roads. And although poppies are poisonous, they are widely used in herbal medicine as a sedative and hypnotic for insomnia, as well as for some diseases of the intestines and bladder.
  • Tulips are perennial herbaceous plants of the steppe of the lily family with large and bright flowers. They mainly grow in semi-desert, desert and mountainous areas.
  • Astragalus. This plant has more than 950 species of various colors and shades, growing in desert and dry steppes, in the forest zone and in alpine meadows. It is widely used for edema, dropsy, gastroenteritis, diseases of the spleen, as a tonic, as well as for headaches and hypertension.
  • Feather grass. It is also a variety of herbs. There are more than 60 of them, and the most common of them is the feather grass. It is a perennial plant of the grass family. The feather grass grows up to 1 meter tall with smooth stems and spinous leaves. Stipa is used as a decoction in milk for goiter and paralysis.
  • Mullein. This is a large (up to 2 m) plant with hairy leaves and large yellow flowers. Studies of the plant have shown the presence of many useful substances in its flowers, such as flavonoids, saponins, coumarin, gum, essential oil, aucubin glycoside, the content of ascorbic acid and carotene. Therefore, the plant is actively used as a food additive in salads and hot dishes, drinks are prepared, and they are also eaten fresh.
  • Melissa officinalis. It is a perennial tall herb with a pronounced lemon scent. The stems of the plant are crowned with bluish-lilac flowers, which are collected in false rings. Lemon balm leaves contain essential oil, ascorbic acid, and some organic acids.
  • Camel's thorn is a semi-shrub, up to 1 meter in height, with a powerful root system, bare stems with long spines and red (pink) flowers. The camel's thorn is widespread in the riverine space, grows along ditches and canals, on wastelands and irrigated lands. The plant contains many vitamins, some organic acids, rubber, resins, tannins, essential oil, as well as carotene and wax. A decoction of the plant is used for colitis, gastritis and stomach ulcers.
  • Sagebrush. It is a herbaceous or semi-shrub plant found almost everywhere. The whole plant has a straight stem with thin pinnately divided leaves and yellowish flowers collected in inflorescences. Wormwood is used as a spicy plant, and the essential oil is used in perfumery and cosmetics. Wormwood also matters as fodder plant for livestock.
  • So, we have considered only some types of steppe plants. And, of course, the differences in the landscape leave their mark on appearance herbs growing on it, but, nevertheless, some general properties. So steppe plants are characterized by:
    • Branched root system
    • bulb roots
    • Fleshy stems and thin, narrow leaves
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