The temperature is below optimal, the humidity is optimal; higher. Ventilation and air conditioning of clean rooms

Technologically clean rooms have firmly entered human life. So, in premises of this kind, microelectronic circuits, especially precise devices are assembled, medicines are made, food products and much more. To ensure the necessary air parameters in technologically clean rooms, the latest equipment is used.

The concept of a technologically clean room

A clean room is a room in which the concentration of suspended particles and microorganisms does not exceed required value(for each type of room its own standards). Simply put, this is a room in which air is supplied with very thorough filtration (cleaning comes from particles and microorganisms), and there is also a system for regulating the supplied air to ensure the necessary parameters.

Under particles understand various solid or liquid objects, microorganisms, the size of which is from 0.005 to 100 microns. Therefore, only specialized equipment can cope with this task - to filter particles of these sizes.

Ventilation system in technologically clean rooms of hospitals

AT Everyday life many visit clean rooms in hospitals. Air filtration in hospitals is carried out in almost all rooms, but most thorough cleaning of the supplied air is produced in operating rooms, resuscitation rooms, maternity wards, in burn therapy wards.

In the hospital to ventilation system have the following requirements:

• The system must ensure the removal of air pollutants. This is necessary to prevent the spread of pathogens.

• The ventilation and air conditioning system in the technologically clean rooms of hospitals should provide the necessary air parameters that must satisfy patients and hospital staff (temperature, mobility air masses, humidity, concentration of harmful impurities).
• The ventilation system must prevent the accumulation of static electricity in the air.

Filtration in the ventilation system technologically clean rooms

To ensure the necessary air parameters in the ventilation system of technologically clean rooms, special attention is paid to the filtration system. It is with the help of installed filters that required amount particles and microorganisms in the air.

At the moment, a three-stage air filtration system is used. It includes the stage of gross, subtle and absolutely fine cleaning, which allows you to adjust the necessary air parameters. This system allows you to extend the life of filters and achieve perfect result when cleaning the supply air.

Our company performs all work on the design and installation of ventilation and air conditioning of clean rooms in Vladimir and the region.

Technologically clean rooms have firmly entered human life. So, in rooms of this kind, microelectronic circuits, especially precise devices are assembled, medicines are made, food products are prepared, and much more. To ensure the necessary air parameters in technologically clean rooms, the latest equipment is used.

The concept of a technologically clean room

A clean room is a room in which the concentration of suspended particles and microorganisms does not exceed the required value (each type of room has its own standards). Simply put, this is a room in which air is supplied with very thorough filtration (cleaning comes from particles and microorganisms), and there is also a system for regulating the supplied air to ensure the necessary parameters.

Under particles understand various solid or liquid objects, microorganisms, the size of which is from 0.005 to 100 microns. Therefore, only specialized equipment can cope with this task - to filter particles of these sizes.

Ventilation system in technologically clean rooms of hospitals

In everyday life, many people visit clean rooms in hospitals. Air filtration in hospitals is carried out in almost all rooms, however, the most thorough cleaning of the supplied air is carried out in operating rooms, intensive care rooms, maternity wards, and in burn therapy wards.

In a hospital, the following requirements are imposed on the ventilation system:

• The system must ensure the removal of air pollutants. This is necessary to prevent the spread of pathogens.

• The ventilation and air conditioning system in the technologically clean rooms of hospitals should provide the necessary air parameters that must satisfy patients and hospital staff (temperature, air mass mobility, humidity, concentration of harmful impurities).
• The ventilation system must prevent the accumulation of static electricity in the air.

Filtration in the ventilation system of technologically clean rooms

To ensure the necessary air parameters in the ventilation system of technologically clean rooms, special attention is paid to the filtration system. It is with the help of installed filters that the required number of particles and microorganisms in the air is established.

At the moment, a three-stage air filtration system is used. It includes the stage of coarse, fine and absolutely fine cleaning, which allows you to adjust the necessary air parameters. This system allows you to extend the life of the filters and achieve an ideal result when cleaning the supply air.

1. Work performed while sitting, standing or associated with walking and some physical stress in the classification of work according to the degree of physical severity are classified as light if the employee's energy costs do not exceed, kcal / h:
1) 80;
2) 100;
3) 130;
4) 150;
5) 200.

2. Works associated with constant walking, or performed standing or sitting and associated with the movement of objects weighing up to 1 kg in the classification of work according to the degree of physical severity, are classified as medium, if the energy costs of the employee do not exceed, kcal / h:
1) 135;
2) 150;
3) 225;
4) 250;
5) 300.

3. What kind of work in the classification of work according to the degree of physical severity will include work, in the performance of which energy costs are 253 kcal / h:
1) neutral;
2) easy;
3) moderate;
4) medium;
5) severe.

4. When performing light work in the classification according to the degree of physical severity of work, the maximum mass of objects to be moved should not exceed, kg:
1) 0.5 kg;
2) 1 kg;
3) 1.5 kg;
4) 2.75 kg;
5) 3 kg.

5. The working area is:
1) the area in which the production equipment is directly located;
2) an area of ​​2 m by 2 m around the installed machine;
3) zone with a volume of 2 m by 2 m by 2 m in the immediate vicinity of hazardous units production equipment;
4) a space up to 2 m above the floor level or a working platform on which permanent workplaces are located;
5) the space around the production equipment, within which the movement of the tool, feedstock, final product and dangerous assemblies takes place.

6. If an employee is continuously engaged for 2.5 hours labor activity at the same workplace, then this workplace is an:
1) official;
2) on duty;
3) permanent;
4) operational;
5) temporary.

7. What environmental parameters are normalized as microclimate parameters:
1) temperature of air and surrounding surfaces, relative humidity of air, air velocity;
2) air temperature, absolute air humidity, air velocity, natural light;
3) the temperature of the surrounding surfaces, air pressure, maximum air humidity, general illumination;
4) temperature of air and surrounding surfaces, relative humidity of air, air pressure;
5) relative air humidity, air pressure, air velocity, the proportion of natural light in the total light.

8. What kind of microclimate will a person feel if the air temperature exceeds the optimum value, and the relative humidity of the air is below the optimum:
1) heat and dryness;
2) dankness;
3) very damp;
4) very dry;
5) cold and damp.

9. A person’s feeling of cold and dampness at the same time corresponds to such a combination of air temperature and its relative humidity, with which:
1) the temperature is above the optimum, the humidity is also above the optimum;
2) the temperature is below the optimum, the humidity is also below the optimum;
3) the temperature is below the optimum, the humidity is above the optimum;
4) the temperature is above the optimum, the humidity is below the optimum;

10. What microclimate will a person feel if the air temperature is lower optimal value and its relative humidity is below optimal:
1) heat and dryness;
2) dankness;
3) very dry;
4) very damp;
5) cold and damp.

11. Thermal shock is promoted by such a combination of air temperature and relative humidity at which:
1) the temperature is above optimal, the humidity is optimal;
2) the temperature is above the optimum, the humidity is below the optimum;
3) the temperature is above the optimum, the humidity is also above the optimum;
4) the temperature is optimal, the humidity is below optimal;
5) the temperature is below optimal, the humidity is optimal.

12. The main process that ensures the heat exchange of the human body with the environment in the process of physical work is:
1) cooling;
2) convection;
3) evaporation;
4) condensation;
5) radiation.

13. Determine the period of the year if the average daily temperature for 5 days was plus 120C:
1) neutral;
2) moderate;
3) warm;
4) hot;
5) cool.

14. What parameter determines the recoil of the body in environment heat due to convection:
1) the speed of the air flow blowing over the body;
2) body weight;
3) air pressure;
4) body temperature;
5) air temperature around the body.

15. The amount of heat given off by the body to the environment as a result of evaporation depends on:
1) absolute air humidity;
2) air pressure;
3) relative humidity
4) body temperature;
5) air density.

16. The speed of the air flow in the halls of computer technology during the performance of work should not exceed, m / s:
1) 0,1;
2) 0,25;
3) 0,5;
4) 1,0;
5) 1,5.

17. When performing work on consoles and control stations technological processes, air temperature should not exceed, 0С:
1) 15–17;
2) 18–20;
3) 21–23;
4) 22–24;
5) 23–25.

18. Relative humidity in the cabins during the performance of work should be in the range,%:
1) 20–40;
2) 30–50;
3) 40–60;
4) 50–65;
5) 60–80.

19. When irradiated with heated parts technological equipment 15% of the operator's body, the intensity of thermal radiation should not exceed, W / m2:
1) 30;
2) 40;
3) 50;
4) 75;
5) 100.

20. The permissible exposure intensity of the operator in the presence of an open source of thermal radiation at the workplace should be no more than, W / m2:
1) 100;
2) 110;
3) 130;
4) 140;
5) 150.

21. If the temperature inside the body of the apparatus is 115 0С, then the temperature of the heated outer surfaces with which the worker must come into contact should not exceed 0С:
1) 35;
2) 36;
3) 45;
4) 50;
5) 53.

22. If the temperature of the structure exceeds the permissible by 2.5 0C, the workplace must be located at a distance of more than, m from it:
1) 0,5;
2) 1;
3) 1,5;
4) 2;
5) 5.

23. At what time of the day (on average) is the highest human performance:
1) from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m. and from 12 a.m. to 3 p.m.;
2) from 9 am to 12 pm and from 3 pm to 5 pm;
3) from 10 am to 12 pm and from 4 pm to 6 pm;
4) from 8 am to 12 pm and from 2 pm to 5 pm;
5) from 10:00 to 13:00 and from 14:00 to 16:00.

24. On what days of the week (on average) is a person's working capacity maximum:
1) Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday;
2) Tuesday, Wednesday Thursday; 3) Monday, Wednesday, Friday;
4) Monday, Tuesday, Thursday;
5) Wednesday, Thursday, Friday.

Test 2. "Safety of production activities"

1. With the help of what devices is organized natural ventilation:
1) air conditioning installations;
2) windows, transoms, deflectors;
3) mechanical filters and heaters;
4) electric fans;
5) humidifiers and air ionizers.

2. Supply and exhaust ventilation refers to ventilation:
1) natural organized;
2) aeration;
3) infiltration;
4) artificial;
5) natural unorganized.

3. What kind of ventilation should be used in technologically clean rooms:
1) natural organized;
2) supply;
3) natural unorganized;
4) exhaust;
5) supply and exhaust.

4. At least what volume of incoming air per employee should be provided by mechanical ventilation in the absence of natural ventilation, m3 / h:
1) 30;
2) 40;
3) 60;
4) 80;
5) 100.

5. At least what volume of incoming air per employee should be provided by natural air with a room volume of 35 m3 / h, m3 / h:
1) 15;
2) 20;
3) 25;
4) 30;
5) 35.

6. To what color of light does the human eye have the maximum sensitivity:
1) blue-violet;
2) red-orange;
3) yellow-green;
4) orange-yellow;
5) green-blue.

7. Illumination on the surface of the table with a video display terminal and a PC in the area where the working document is placed should be, lx:
1) 100–200;
2) 200–300;
3) 300–400;
4) 300–500;
5) 400–600.

8. How dangerous is the occurrence of the stroboscopic effect:
1) vision deteriorates;
2) efficiency decreases;
3) there is an illusion of immobility or a changed direction of movement of rotating nodes;
4) health worsens;
5) increased fatigue.

9. At what value of illumination, lx, created natural light, artificial lighting should be additionally switched on:
1) less than 500;
2) less than 1000;
3) less than 1500;
4) less than 3000;
5) less than 5000.

10. What value of the coefficient of natural illumination is normalized for side lighting:
1) minimum;
2) average;
3) root mean square;
4) maximum;
5) complete.

11. At what distance from the operator's eyes should the screen of the monitor or video display terminal be, mm:
1) 300–400;
2) 400–500;
3) 500–600;
4) 600–700;
5) 700–800.

12. What are the values ​​\u200b\u200bof the maximum permissible concentrations of extremely dangerous harmful substances and are, mg/m3:
1) more than 15;
2) 10–15;
3) 1–10;
4) 0,1–1;
5) less than 0.1.

13. How sensitizing harmful substances affect the human body:
1) cause poisoning of the whole organism;
2) cause irritation of the respiratory center and mucous membranes;
3) cause a change in hereditary traits;
4) cause allergic reactions;
5) affect reproductive function.

14. What is the maximum time of continuous work of the operator on the video display terminal and PC, h:
1) 1;
2) 2;
3) 4;
4) 6;
5) is not limited.

15. Zones with what level of sound pressure should be marked with signs, and the personnel working in them should be provided with means personal protection, dBA:
1) more than 30;
2) more than 40;
3) more than 50;
4) more than 85;
5) more than 135.

16. In areas with what level of sound pressure is prohibited even a short stay, dBA:
1) more than 85;
2) more than 90;
3) more than 100;
4) more than 135;
5) more than 140.

17. At night in residential premises, the value of the noise level should not exceed, dBA:
1) 10;
2) 25;
3) 30;
4) 35;
5) 40.

18. At the workplaces of operators working with video terminals and PCs, the maximum noise level should not exceed, dBA:
1) 40;
2) 50;
3) 55;
4) 60;
5) 65.

19. What vibration has the most dangerous effect on the human body:
1) directed;
2) local;
3) centralized;
4) general;
5) concentrated.

20. Maximum permissible value of tension electric field industrial frequency inside residential buildings is, kV / m:
1) 0,1;
2) 0,25;
3) 0,5;
4) 0,75;
5) 1,0.

21. The presence of personnel in the areas of action of the electric field of industrial frequency with a strength of up to 5 kV / m is allowed for, h:
1) 1;
2) 2,5;
3) 5;
4) 8;
5) unlimited.

22. The time spent by personnel in the areas of action of the electric field of industrial frequency with a strength of 20 to 25 kV / m should not exceed:
1) 10 min;
2) 0.5 h;
3) 1 hour;
4) 8 h;
5) is not limited.

23. What is the value of the electric field strength of industrial frequency, above which personnel are not allowed to stay in this zone without protective equipment, kV / m:
1) 25;
2) 25,5;
3) 26;
4) 27;
5) 30.

24. The most dangerous frequency range for the human body electric current is, Hz: 1) 20–50;
2) 50–100;
3) 20–100;
4) 50–75;
5) 100–400.

25. At what voltage value, V, direct current is the most dangerous for the human body:
1) more than 220;
2) more than 380;
3) more than 450;
4) more than 500;
5) more than 1000.

26. At what distance from the ground electrode, m, does the step voltage decrease to zero:
1) 2,5–5;
2) 5–10;
3) 10–15;
4) 15–20;
5) more than 20.

27. The meaning of strength alternating current frequency of 50 Hz, at which cardiac fibrillation can begin, is, mA:
1) 0,6–1,5;
2) 10–15;
3) 20–25;
4) 100;
5) more than 150.

Test 3. "Safety in emergency situations. Civil defense"

1. What subsystems does it consist of Russian system warning and emergency response:
1) federal and territorial;
2) regional and district;
3) urban and local;
4) territorial and functional;
5) facility and production.

2. What levels does the Russian system of warning and action in emergency situations have:
1) federal, regional, territorial, local, object;
2) federal, regional, regional, district, city;
3) city, district, local, industrial, facility;
4) functional, territorial, industrial, household, special;
5) departmental, interdepartmental, non-departmental, branch federal.

3. In what mode does the Russian system of warning and action in emergency situations operate when receiving a forecast about the possibility of an emergency:
1) daily activities;
2) constant readiness;
3) high readiness;
4) operational;
5) emergency.

4. The causes of what emergency situations by the nature of occurrence are the erroneous actions of people:
1) natural disasters;
2) man-made;
3) anthropogenic;
4) social;
5) sudden.

5. What emergency situations of a man-made nature include accidents on heating networks during the cold season:
1) accidents on electric power networks;
2) transport accidents;
3) accidents on communal life support systems;
4) hydrodynamic accidents;
5) accidents at treatment facilities.

6. What places in buildings should be used as shelter in case of an earthquake:
1) under window sills, corners of internal partitions;
2) at columns, openings and corners of capital internal walls, doorways;
3) ventilation shafts and ducts;
4) balconies and loggias;
5) built-in wardrobes.

7. What to do when you receive an advance warning of a possible natural disaster:
1) leave the dwelling as quickly as possible and move away from it to a safe distance;
2) turn on the TV, radio, broadcast and wait for further orders and instructions;
3) open windows, doors and go out to the balcony;
4) turn off electricity, water and gas in the dwelling;
5) tightly close all windows and doors in the dwelling.

8. During a hurricane, the open area is the safest natural place for shelter is:
1) forest area;
2) a separate large tree;
3) the top of the hill;
4) big stone;
5) deepening of the relief.

9. What is the greatest danger in case of fire: 1) an open flame;
2) deterioration of visibility due to smoke;
3) toxic combustion products;
4) heat;
5) destruction of structures.

10. What factors are necessary for the occurrence of combustion:
1) fuel and ignition source;
2) ignition source and oxidizer;
3) fuel and oxidizer;
4) fuel, oxidizer and ignition source;
5) high temperature, high pressure air and a large number of combustible gases.

11. During internal irradiation of the human body, the most dangerous ionizing radiations are:
1) alpha, beta and gamma radiation;
2) beta, gamma and X-rays;
3) alpha, gamma and neutron radiation;
4) beta, neutron and alpha radiation;
5) X-ray, neutron and beta radiation.

12. To remove radioactive substances from objects, it is necessary to carry out:
1) degassing;
2) decontamination;
3) disinfection;
4) deratization;
5) detoxification.

13. For emergency chemical neutralization hazardous substances needs to be done:
1) demercurization;
2) decontamination;
3) hygienic washing;
4) degassing;
5) deratization.

14. To remove from clothing, exposed skin and personal protective equipment drops of emergency chemically hazardous substances, the following is used:
1) individual anti-chemical package;
2) individual first aid kit;
3) an individual dressing package;
4) combined arms protective kit;
5) special protective kit.

15. What alert signal is transmitted using sirens, as well as intermittent beeps industrial enterprises and vehicles:
1) "Radiation danger!";
2) "Chemical danger!";
3) "Danger!";
4) "Attention everyone!";
5) "Alarm!".

16. What a striking factor nuclear explosion is the main one when acting on objects:

2) penetrating radiation;
3) electromagnetic impulse;
4) air shock wave;

17. What damaging factor of a nuclear explosion is the main one when exposed to a person:
1) light radiation of a nuclear explosion;
2) penetrating radiation;
3) electromagnetic impulse;
4) air shock wave;
5) radioactive contamination of the area.

18. At what value of the total absorbed dose of ionizing radiation, rad, does radiation sickness of the first degree occur:
1) 50–100;
2) 100–200;
3) 200–400;
4) 400–600;
5) more than 600.

19. What are the radiation characteristics of the outer boundary of the zone of heavy radioactive contamination:
1) radiation dose rate 8 rad/h, radiation dose until complete decay of the explosion products 40 rad;
2) radiation dose rate 80 rad/h, radiation dose until complete decay of the explosion products 400 rad;
3) radiation dose rate 240 rad/h, radiation dose until complete decay of the explosion products 1200 rad;
4) radiation dose rate 800 rad/h, radiation dose until complete decay of the explosion products 4000 rad;
5) the radiation dose rate is more than 800 rad/h, the radiation dose until the complete decay of the explosion products is more than 4000 rad.

20. Combat toxic chemical substances enter the human body:
1) by inhalation of contaminated air;
2) through unprotected skin and mucous membranes of the eyes;
3) with contaminated food and water;
4) when injured by infected fragments;
5) all of the above methods.

21. What mode is introduced in the focus of biological damage in the case when the causative agent of the disease does not belong to the group of especially dangerous:
1) observations;
2) prevention;
3) insulation;
4) observations;
5) quarantine.

The amount of air that needs to be removed from the room for

a) ensuring clean air in working area;

b) maintaining meteorological conditions in the room;

c) removal of harmful gases, dust, vapors, substances from the premises;

d) removal of excess sensible heat and harmful substances from the premises.

14. Device for measuring air humidity:

a) an aspirator; b) anemometer; c) psychrometer; d) luxometer.

15. The amount of heat transfer by convection depends on the following microclimate parameters:
a) relative humidity and air temperature;
b) from atmospheric pressure and relative air humidity;
c) on temperature and air velocity;
d) relative humidity and air speed and movement;
16. Artificial ventilation:

a) air conditioning; b) infiltration;

c) aerodynamic filtration; d) aeration.

The microclimate of the room. Option 3

1. Air temperature in industrial premises depending on the severity of work in the cold and transitional periods of the year, there should be:
a) from 20 to 21 °С, in warm - from 17 to 25 °С;
b) from 18 to 20 °С, in warm - from 20 to 25 °С;
c) from 20 to 25 °С, in warm - from 25 to 28 °С;
d) from 14 to 21 °С, in warm - from 17 to 25 °С;
e) from 17 to 20 °С, in warm - from 18 to 26 °С.
2. What environmental parameters are normalized as microclimate parameters:
a) the temperature of the air and surrounding surfaces, the relative humidity of the air, the speed of air movement;
b) air temperature, absolute air humidity, air velocity, natural light;
c) ambient surface temperature, air pressure, maximum air humidity, general illumination;
d) temperature of air and surrounding surfaces, relative humidity of air, air pressure;
e) relative humidity, air pressure, air velocity, the proportion of natural light in the total light.

3. Relative humidity is measured in:

a) percentage (%); b) kilograms per cubic meter (kg / m 3);

c) meters per second; d) watts (W); e) watts per cubic meter (W / m 3).

4. A person's feeling of cold and dampness at the same time corresponds to such a combination of air temperature and relative humidity, at which:
a) the temperature is above the optimum, the humidity is also above the optimum;
b) the temperature is below the optimum, the humidity is also below the optimum;
c) the temperature is below the optimum, the humidity is above the optimum;
d) the temperature is above the optimum, the humidity is below the optimum;

5. What kind of microclimate will a person feel if both the air temperature is below the optimum value and its relative humidity is below the optimum:
a) heat and dryness; b) dankness; c) very dry d) very damp; e) cold and damp.

6. Thermal shock is promoted by such a combination of air temperature and relative humidity at which:
a) the temperature is above the optimum, the humidity is optimal;
b) the temperature is above the optimum, the humidity is below the optimum;
c) the temperature is above the optimum, the humidity is also above the optimum;
d) the temperature is optimal, the humidity is below optimal;
e) the temperature is below optimal, the humidity is optimal.

7. The main process that ensures the heat exchange of the human body with the environment in the process of physical work is:
a) cooling; b) convection; c) evaporation; d) condensation; e) radiation.

8. Determine the period of the year if the average daily temperature for 5 days was plus 120C:
a) neutral; b) moderate; c) warm; d) hot; d) cold.

9. What parameter determines the body's heat transfer to the environment as a result of convection:
a) the speed of the air flow blowing over the body; b) body weight;
c) air pressure; d) body temperature; e) air temperature around the body.

10. The amount of heat given off by the body to the environment as a result of evaporation depends on:
a) absolute humidity of the air; b) air pressure;
c) relative air humidity; d) body temperature; e) air density.

11. With the help of what devices organized natural ventilation is carried out: a) air conditioning installations;

b) windows, transoms, deflectors; c) mechanical filters and heaters;

d) electric fans; e) humidifiers and air ionizers.

12. Supply and exhaust ventilation refers to ventilation:
a) natural organized; b) aeration; c) infiltration;
d) artificial; e) natural unorganized.

13. What ventilation should be used in technologically clean rooms:
a) natural organized; b) supply; c) natural unorganized;
d) exhaust; e) supply and exhaust.

14. At least what volume of incoming air per employee should be provided by mechanical ventilation in the absence of natural ventilation, m 3 / h:
a) 30; b) 40; c) 60; d) 80; e) 100.

15. At least what volume of incoming air per employee should be provided by natural air with a room volume of 35 m 3 / h, m 3 / h:
a) 15; b) 20; c) 25; d) 30; e) 35.

16 . How are comfortable conditions for human life achieved?

a) comfortable conditions life is impossible to achieve;

b) each person individually, through trial and error, achieves comfortable conditions;

c) are achieved through illegal impacts on the environment in general and on technosphere objects in particular;

d) are achieved by using the latest technologies, marketing and management in the sphere of human activity;

e) are achieved by introducing criteria for the comfort of the environment surrounding a person, and then maintaining these criteria at the established level through meaningful targeted impacts on the environment in general and on technosphere objects in particular.