How cottages are built: new technologies. What new and modern technologies are used in the construction of cottages? We build a house using modern technology

Construction is one of the leading industries, constantly developing in search of new materials and technologies. New construction technologies are aimed at cheapening finished products , acceleration of deadlines houses in operation. Reduced production costs, high factory readiness building structures- the main directions of improvement.

The materials used in construction must meet high quality standards. Not only production technologies are being updated, but also technical equipment modern enterprises. The environmental friendliness of the process is an important component.

The main qualities required from building materials - strength, durability, energy efficiency. Wood processing technologies are progressing, such as the production of SIP panels, Velox formwork. The introduction of a new insulation, expanded polystyrene, in combination with the hardness of concrete, gave new elements - 3D panels and fixed formwork.

New technologies and their features

Technologies are aimed at reduction of labor intensity and construction time buildings. Frame construction reduces the need for complex construction equipment and mechanisms, leads to a decrease in the cost per square meter of both private and multi-storey buildings.

Individual private houses from 3D panels become available to buyers with a small budget, technology TISE there is a growing trend towards self-construction. Steel thin-walled LSTK panels allow you to build warm, comfortable houses on threaded connections.

TISE

TISE is short for Individual Construction Technology and Ecology. The system is designed for self-construction of private houses. Technology includes:

universal device pile foundation;
production of concrete wall blocks with the help of adjustable removable formwork.

In addition to technology, innovative tools have been developed, TISE drill and TISE formwork. The drill is equipped with blades that allow you to get an underground expansion to strengthen the pile support area.

Steel formwork forms one hollow block. It has three standard sizes 19 - 38 cm, depending on the design thickness of the walls. To make a hole for electrical wiring or utility pipes, an insert of the required diameter is inserted.

The formation of the block takes place on the wall, in a row of masonry. The formwork is rearranged to pour the next concrete block. The rows are reinforced, the voids of the block are filled with insulation, penoizol or expanded clay.

Technology Essentially reduces the cost of materials All work is done independently. The concrete mix for forming blocks is started in a small volume, which allows you to work at your own pace, in the evenings or weekends. Jobs do not require special skills.

frame construction

Technology frame construction based on joint work two components - a frame that perceives loads and a frame filling that has the most energy-saving qualities.

The frame of the building is formed by:

foundation;
vertical columns;
horizontal beams, or crossbars;
overlap.

Used to fill bricks, lightweight cellular concrete, sandwich panels.

Frame construction scheme is different increased strength, stability of the building, equally suitable for individual and multi-storey mass buildings. Frame buildings are erected on soft soils, in permafrost areas, areas with increased seismic activity.

For multi-storey buildings The main frame material is reinforced concrete. In individual construction are more common wood or metal frames.

3D panels

3D panel is a light, warm spatial design. It is a sheet of expanded polystyrene, located between two metal meshes, reinforced with braces. The braces are welded to the nets. The mesh frame of the panels is interconnected, reinforced, concrete mortar is applied on both sides, shotcrete.

Shotcrete– pressure application method compressed air to the surface reinforced concrete structures mortar for the purpose of filling micropores, microcracks. Shotcrete is carried out several times, reaching the thickness of the layer 50-60 mm.

The result is durable three-layer wall construction, consisting of a concrete shell, reinforcing layers and insulation - expanded polystyrene. Network engineering are laid between the mesh and the expanded polystyrene sheet.

Fixed formwork

Fixed formwork is used in frame monolithic construction. The principle of technology is based on the fact that the established form for pouring concrete mix after curing not deleted. Formwork becomes one with multi-layer construction walls. The device uses materials such as expanded polystyrene, wood-concrete and glass-magnesite sheets, wood concrete.

Basic requirements for fixed formwork:

the ability to withstand the weight of concrete while maintaining its structural shape;
giving concrete additional qualities: thermal insulation, vapor permeability, sound insulation.

Fixed formwork is interconnected by locks. Construction is proceeding at a good pace, large-sized equipment is not used.

Construction from SIP panels

SIP panels were developed and tested in Canada in the middle of the last century.

The harsh climate and low temperatures in winter have formed the basic principle of the technology - the most efficient energy saving.

Panels consisting of two layers of OSB with insulation glued in the middle, polystyrene foam, create a thermos, are not blown through.

OSB sheets do not absorb moisture. SIP panels are delivered to the facility in full factory readiness ready-to-assemble thorn-groove locks. Plates are pre-brought to the design dimensions, window, doorways cut through.

Assembly instructions accompany the project. Houses are quickly built according to the technology, work is carried out at any time of the year. The total weight of the building is small, the foundation is not strengthened, the house does not shrink.

Principles of construction technology from SIP panels:

quick payback due to savings on heating;
continuous construction cycle;
reduced labor intensity of work;
low costs for the construction of the foundation;
possible independent construction.

SIP is an abbreviation for "structural insulation panel".

Velox

Velox - Austrian technology monolithic construction in fixed formwork made of chip-cement slabs. Formwork is produced from wood waste, 95% consists of spruce chips. mineralized wood chips pressed with cement enriched with ammonium sulfate and liquid glass.

The resulting plates are warm, environmentally friendly, with good soundproofing qualities.

The preserved properties of wood provide air exchange, the surfaces are firmly bonded to the plaster.

Panels are easily processed, sawn, fastened with nails. Structural elements from Velox do not rot, do not lose properties when wet.

In the process of work, the formwork is filled with concrete. End result - three-layer durable, warm wall.

Dimensional versatility, ease of processing allows you to build individual houses any form and complexity. Due to the thermal insulation properties of the formwork, concreting work even in sub-zero temperatures.

LSTK technology

Light steel thin-walled structures consist of several layers:

exterior finish;
two layers of gypsum fiber;
insulation;
vapor barrier film;
interior decoration.

The shape of the panels is formed by guides, rack profiles and jumpers made made of thin-walled galvanized metal. Some of the profiles are perforated to avoid thermal bridges. This type of profile is called a thermal profile. The cladding is a metal profiled sheet coated with a paint and varnish layer. All connections are threaded, no wet work.

Technology is valued for low costs, fast assembly from parts, fully engineered at the factory, opportunity to work in winter time, energy-saving qualities. The construction of LSTK does not need to be applied construction equipment. If necessary, the house can be easily disassembled and transported to a new location.

The use of thermogran panels

Thermogran is a new Russian development. The technology for obtaining the material has developed from foam glass production. silicate glass at a temperature of 1000 degrees, under the action of a blowing agent, it softens, foams, and upon solidification gains the necessary strength.

Thermogran in composition and production method is close to foam glass. Foam glass-ceramic granules are obtained from natural raw materials, processing minerals of sedimentary, volcanic rocks. Production is environmentally friendly, without toxic waste, saves water. Due to rich deposits of raw materials, thermogran has a low cost.

Panels from a thermogran single-layer, wall thickness 250 mm. The specific weight of 1 m3 of the structure is only 160 kg. Filling the frame, get a smooth smooth surface, resistant to moisture, fire, chemical attack. Thermogran retains its characteristics in the temperature range from -200 to +700 degrees.

Walls do not need plastering, immediately finished with wallpaper or painted. Heating according to technology is placed in the floors.

The main task of the know-how of private construction is the production of affordable high-quality housing that keeps pace with the times.

The construction of private houses at the moment is not particularly difficult, as there are a large assortment modern materials that are freely used in new building construction technologies.

The most popular latest house building technologies

At the moment, there are only two technologies for building a house structure that are very popular, these are:

Frame construction.
Construction on TISE technology.

These two types of construction differ not only in construction technologies, but also in the materials and equipment that are used for this.

What are the characteristics Newest technologies in construction? They are characterized by the use of modern construction, finishing and insulating materials which have excellent performance properties.

Frame construction of a house

What frame house? In principle, the name of such a structure speaks for itself (see Construction of frame houses). The house is based on a special frame, which can be:

Metallic.
wooden.

Features of frame construction:

As finishing material any of the modern species, which has a very easy installation on a flat surface.
They have such houses quite varied design. Basically, they come with one floor, but if the strength of the frame itself allows, then it is not uncommon to find two-story buildings of this type.

It is also possible to build both a full-fledged second floor, and in the form of an attic, which will be a fully functional room.

Metal frame and its advantages

This type of frame differs from a wooden structure in its strength. Due to the fact that the metal has a dense structure, it is able to withstand quite strong physical and mechanical loads and at the same time not succumb to deformation.

Metal frame property:

The metal frame consists of pipes of different sizes and diameters. Channels are used in the supporting structure large diameter. Basically, the whole structure will be held on them.
to them with the help welding work the rest of the pipes are attached, thereby creating a kind of crate for mounting the finishing material.
It will be mandatory for a frame structure, as well as for any other foundation manufacturing. There is an opportunity to save on such work, since the frame-based house does not have too much mass and does not shrink. But it all depends on the soil on the site.

If the soil in the area is sandy, then under the frame structure it is best to use a columnar or pile foundation. It will not give the opportunity for subsidence and distortion of the structure.

Other types of base can also be used frame structure, the main thing is that the soil allows all work to be carried out.

Metal carcass:

Durable and able to withstand almost any load of the finishing material.
Practical as it does not require special care and easy to assemble.
Moisture resistant, this frame property is more suitable for those regions that have a very humid climate. It is not able to absorb moisture and deform under its influence.
Wear-resistant, able to withstand impact sun rays and high temperatures.
Frost-resistant, does not deform from low temperature conditions.
Durable, capable for very long period time to be used without losing its original qualities.
It is worth noting that the metal in its structure is capable of being subjected to corrosion.

To prolong the service life of the metal frame, it is necessary to cover it with a primer or paint to protect the structure from corrosion in case of exposure to moisture.

The metal frame does not burn. The price for it is not too low, but if you appreciate the properties and functionality, then everything will pay off handsomely, and the structure based on the frame will serve for a long time.

Be sure to have a metal dressing on the foundation so that you can mount the frame load-bearing structure very fast and easy.

Wooden frame and its properties

The wood frame is very popular. It is cheaper than metal and has a number of its advantages.

The main properties and characteristics of a wooden frame are:

Environmental friendliness. The material from which the frame is made is environmentally friendly and is made from solid wood species.
Wood goes through a long process of drying and additional preparation: it is treated with antiseptic agents from various insects.
Practical, this frame does not require too vigilant maintenance. The only thing that will be needed is to paint it after complete installation in order to protect it from moisture and the effects of climatic and weather phenomena.
Durability, the service life of wood is at least 10 years. If the frame is painted, then the duration of operation increases several times.
Strength, the tree is able to withstand very strong physical and mechanical loads.
The wooden frame is assembled quite simply with the help of bolts, screws and nails. This design also requires a base, the choice of which depends on the type of soil on the site and on the weight of the structure itself.

This type of frame is used only in those regions that do not have too humid climatic conditions, since wood, due to its structure, is able to easily absorb moisture. From this, it can collapse and lose its functional properties.

Covering the frame of the house

Frame construction of houses using new technology implies the use of OSB sheets and plywood as a coating. Quite rarely, drywall is used, but only in interior decoration.

Installation Features:

Sheets of materials are mounted on the frame using self-tapping screws or screws. It all depends on the type of installation.
They are attached on both sides of the frame. A heater is inserted between them: polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam.
These materials are solid and there will be no problems with installation.
On top of the sheets there is already a finishing material both inside the structure and outside.

For outdoor finishing works are used:

Siding.
Plastic.
Decking.

Let's take a closer look:

These materials have excellent technical indicators. They are moisture resistant and durable.
Only when choosing corrugated board, you need to take into account that it has a low sound insulation index and for its use it is necessary to perform additional insulation and (mount foam plastic on top of OSB sheets or plywood), and only then finish the building.
The roof can be anything. The choice depends on its mass and the ability of the frame to withstand the load. As a rule, corrugated board is used to cover the roof.
Inside the structure, you can use any modern material for finishing and all actions are done by hand without much effort.

When building a frame house, special attention should be paid to the floor, which must be insulated. For this, expanded clay is used, which is poured into the inside of the structure and poured with concrete mortar.

TISE construction technology

This new construction technology was invented a long time ago, but only today has it become very popular. What is TISE technology? The construction of the house takes place with the help of adjustable formwork.

A concrete solution is poured into it, which is prepared independently from:

Cement brand 400.
Purified sand.
Water.

There is specific instruction, according to which a small amount of water must be added to such a solution of concrete in order to obtain a mainly concrete-sand mass. It must be poured into the formwork.

Opportunities in construction with TISE technology

TISE construction technology is distinguished by the speed of building construction. Reversible formwork makes it possible to create wall blocks and install them during the manufacturing process directly on the installed concrete blocks. The technology is often used in individual construction.

Peculiarities:

For such a structure, you can use any foundation, but it would be better if it is made using a similar technology. Separate blocks are also poured, which have a certain dressing on top.
The bases should be well infused. As a rule, this period is at least 15 days. Only then it will be possible to mount blocks with adjustable formwork.

Houses built using this technology:

Eco-friendly.
Practical.
Durable.
Very durable.

Do not respond to exposure to high or low temperatures and are not affected by weather or climatic phenomena (it is also recommended to read Building a house from foam blocks).

Finishing work of a house built using TISE technology

Because concrete blocks have appearance not attractive, they must be finished. Outside, both stone and plastic materials can be used.

As a rule, bricks are the facing of houses using TISE technology. You can use natural or decorative stone.
The installation of this and that material is very simple, but when using bricks, it is worth considering that this type of cladding must necessarily be associated with the load-bearing walls of the structure.
For this, reinforcement is used, which is mounted on the surface of the wall and fixed between the bricks during laying with concrete mortar.

But under the brick cladding, an additional base is needed or the main foundation must withstand an additional load. Inside, the room is also decorated using any finishing material. Watch the video on how to build a frame house.

With the latest technology to build your own country house it won't take much time. If earlier the construction of a building could take a time period of a year or more, now new technologies are widely used in the construction of houses, which in a matter of weeks allow you to build a fairly durable and individual dwelling.

Which are increasingly used in the modern construction industry.

What is such a design? Based on the name, this is a frame structure made of metal or wood, sheathed with finishing and insulating materials. The walls of such a structure are made of several layers, the most simple and fairly easy to assemble is a wooden frame.

Wooden construction device frame house

Advice. The only thing to consider is the quality of the source material. Wood must be dry and treated with special means.

The best material is glued laminated timber, all boards are aligned in the direction of the fibers and processed according to a certain technology, after which they are glued together under pressure. The material is durable and does not lend itself to deformation (shrink or dry out, crack), which will allow the structure to extend the operational period and improve quality.

Glued beam house frame

The metal framework differs in the durability and durability. It is reliable and is not subject to various influences of climatic or weather phenomena. The disadvantage of the frame is the poor thermal insulation of the material, so additional heaters will be required.

Metal frame of a private house

Very often used as mineral wool. It is made from basalt rocks, which allows the material not to be exposed to high temperatures, the material is not combustible. Expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam is also widely used for these purposes. Such heaters practically cannot ignite, and when melted under the influence high temperature unable to release toxic substances.

Sheathing the walls of a frame house

Wall cladding in can be made of OSB sheets or from durable dense plywood.

These materials have the following properties:

strength;
environmental friendliness;
reliability;
practicality;
ease of installation;
durability.

The latter property applies most of all to those materials that are in a protected state, insulated and closed from moisture and exposure to sunlight. OSB sheets or plywood must be of sufficient thickness, which is at least 1.5 cm. Thinner structures of such materials will not have sufficient rigidity and strength.

Scheme of sheathing and insulation of the walls of a frame house

Wood screws are used as fasteners for the material. AT metal frame holes are drilled, then self-tapping screws are driven. With wooden frame everything will be much easier, since it is easier to attach a tree to a tree. This can be done with a hammer and screwdriver.

Anything can act as a finishing material: plastic, siding, sandwich panels, lining and much more.

TISE technology in construction

Let's consider another modern version which is in demand among consumers is the TISE construction technology, which is distinguished by its simplicity, economy and availability. What is such a technology?

To build a house using such modern technology, you will need to have a TISE hand drill for the foundation and two TISE adjustable formwork. With the help of a drill, you can build a columnar-strip foundation or a columnar foundation yourself. With the help of formwork, walls are erected by forming blocks. The drill will also be needed to form a pile foundation, where the piles have an extended lower part. Piles allow you to give greater strength to the entire structure. The bearing characteristics will be at a high level.

Formwork is a tool for forming hollow blocks, with which you can build walls without making cold bridges. This allows you to solve the issue of energy saving and heat saving.

Can fit anyone building material which is used to build walls.

Based on it, you can drive out walls made of brick, wood, adobe, foam blocks, cinder blocks and much more.

TISE blocks, which are made using portable formwork, have a certain harmony and give integrity to the entire structure. They can be combined with brick, and walls with such interesting and unusual inserts look more original. Wall structures according to TISE technology are also considered universal, and can be built on any type of foundation: strip, monolithic, pile, etc.

This construction technology is used not only in the construction of private houses. On its basis, garages, cellars, sheds, basements and much more are often built.

Advantages of TISE technology

1. The technology is quite easy to use. For the construction of the house will not need to involve a team of builders. All operations can be carried out by one or two people. This will enable you to save family budget. It also does not require special skills and significant cash costs.
2. Both the walls and the foundation, which were made using TISE technology, are universal. They can be used both together and separately. The terms of building a house are quite short, which will allow a new dwelling to be settled in a short period of time.
3. Since the entire construction process is based on the use of a hand drill and portable formwork, this will make it possible not to involve special equipment for digging foundations and other equipment with which walls are erected.

House built using TISE technology

The world around us is becoming more and more perfect every day, progress is observed in all sectors. Thanks to this, new materials and technologies appear in housing construction, which raise it to a completely different level. First of all, they allow you to carry out work at any time of the year, which has a positive effect on the speed of construction of facilities, and significantly improve their performance.

Characteristics and properties of modern materials

The choice of building material is influenced by cost, the speed of wall construction, strength and thermal conductivity, and the need for finishing. In low-rise construction in Russia today they are increasingly using:

glued timber;
foam and aerated concrete blocks;
SIP panels.

Glued laminated timber

This material can be called elite, as it is not cheap.

Advantages:

strength;
precise geometric shapes;
does not shrink;
ease of assembly.

In addition to the high price, glued laminated timber has another drawback that affects its environmental friendliness: the glue used in the manufacture.

Foam concrete blocks

Nowadays, cottage construction is quite often used foam concrete blocks, which:

perfectly retain heat;
have a small weight;
normalize humidity;
easy to install and handle.

The disadvantages include fragility and hydrophobia. Therefore, when working with this material, it is necessary to use reinforcement and provide for additional finishing.

Aerated concrete blocks

In terms of popularity, they are not inferior to the previous material. In their structure, they differ in large pores.

Advantages:

light weight helps to reduce the load on the foundation;
ease of installation;
precise geometric shapes facilitate finishing;
the presence of plasticizers allows installation at low temperatures;
reliability and durability;
low cost;

For aerated concrete blocks, in addition to outer cladding, insulation is required.

SIP panels

Increasingly, low-rise construction uses new technologies that are borrowed from other countries. Today, in cottage settlements, you can often find warm and comfortable houses made of SIP panels, made according to Canadian technology.

Advantages:

Ease of installation. The panels are fastened with self-tapping screws to the timber. The term for the construction of such a house is a couple of weeks.
Ease of finishing.
Quick redevelopment if necessary.
High sound insulation.

The disadvantages include the fact that they practically do not let air through and belong to the group of combustible building materials.

New technologies in private housing construction

Traditionally, private houses were built of wood. In spite of high price, this technology is quite popular in our country. At the same time, for the construction of private housing, blocks are increasingly being used, which are much cheaper than wood. An unconventional approach to construction is the TISE method.

What is TISE technology?

The technology involves the installation of pile elements or column foundation, understaffed grillage.

The essence of the method is that the module is fixed at the location of the wall, and later concrete is poured into it. The molds are dismantled after the mortar has hardened and installed in another place.

Advantages:

No thermal bridges;
Special equipment is not required;
Possibility of choosing the composition for the wall filler;
2-3 people are enough to carry out the work.

When building a house using TISE technology, it is important to control the construction process. So, every 4-5 rows a reinforcing mesh is laid, then the verticality of the wall being erected is checked.

Construction of a frame house

The frame is assembled after the foundation has been poured. The design consists of beam elements fastened together, installed diagonally, horizontally and vertically. The base is wood or metal.

The role of sheathing is performed by walls, for the construction of which various materials are used:

on a wooden frame made of OSB boards. Expanded clay, foam concrete, light fibrous materials are used as thermal insulation.
completed shields.

For the second option, you will have to use special equipment, since the shields are quite heavy. And to collect them, observing the technology, is also quite difficult.

Advantages:

For the construction of such a house, any foundation is suitable.
Redevelopment does not require large investments.
It allows you to increase the area of \u200b\u200bhousing at no extra cost.

As finishing frame buildings any material can be used without restrictions.

3D panels

Reminiscent of the frame-panel assembly method. The difference is that they are made in industrial environment and represent monolithic slabs from expanded polystyrene, which are pre-reinforced and reinforced on all sides with meshes. They are connected to each other with metal rods passing through the entire structure diagonally. Buildings built from such blocks are durable, warm and economical.

Advantages:

The frame of the house, in its classical sense, is absent with this technology. The panels, rigidly interconnected, form load-bearing walls, which, after erection, are covered on both sides with a concrete jacket.
The panels are made from polymer materials having a high energy efficiency index, therefore, heat loss will be negligible.
Reduced construction time due to ease of assembly.
Industrial production is a guarantee of the quality of individual elements, and therefore the building itself.
The light weight of the panels eliminates the need to install a heavy foundation.

The cost of 3D panels cannot be attributed to the budget, but it is comparable to the price of foam and aerated concrete products.

House using fixed formwork technology

Formwork, with this method, remains in place and becomes part of the wall or foundation. The principle of installation is similar brickwork. In the structural elements there are grooves or special connections made according to the type of locks.

Opposite blocks are fastened with ties. Reinforcement in this case is vertical. Filling is carried out in cycles, in one run the height should not exceed 3-4 rows of blocks.

Advantages:

The result is monolithic construction which is reliable on its own. Fixed formwork forms an additional frame, which further strengthens the walls of the house.
Monolithic walls exert less pressure on the foundation, which allows you to increase the number of storeys of the building.
Expanded polystyrene is not only an excellent insulation, but also has good soundproofing characteristics.
There is no need to rent expensive special equipment with this technology. And the filling process itself is not particularly laborious.
Finishing outside and inside the building will not require extra costs, so the surface of the walls created by the blocks is smooth.
The service life of such buildings, subject to technology, is not less than a century.

The cost of a house built in this way will be significantly lower than a brick or wooden one.

Conclusion: Innovations in low-rise housing construction are aimed at solving specific tasks. It is almost impossible to predict what it will be like in a couple of decades. But one way or another, the latest technologies in construction will be aimed at providing comfort, efficiency, reliability and durability of our housing.

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For the construction of any of the types of houses, an unambiguous technology has not yet been adopted. There is only a complex engineering solutions, which allows you to organize any kind of production, but the technological solutions at each of the plants may be different. The characteristics of production directly depend on the chosen technology, production capacity, the degree of readiness of the kit for building a house, released at the factory. Let's compare the characteristics of the main indicators in the organization of production using the example of an average plant that produces annually 150 thousand square meters.

Construction can be done without a production base frame houses. For this, materials and all components of the house are bought, and divided into the required dimensions already at the construction site. All work is carried out already at the construction site. Building materials arrive almost in ready-made. To ensure high-quality construction, there is one requirement: sizing the board according to the section.

To do this, a special place is equipped on the construction site, where boards are cut to the desired size. All components of the house are assembled from blanks. This construction method requires minimum investment, but has a long construction period.

It is very important that the details of the house are factory-made. When organizing the site, it is necessary to make a heated room where a site will be allocated for the preparation of parts. A set of parts is brought to the site, from which the frame is then made. Dedicated place to create details right size helps you achieve the best performance. This is due to automation and low non-manufacturing costs. The high rate of construction of the building, as well as the quality already finished house, will increase even more due to the almost complete readiness of parts. Soon we will study another option for building buildings using the same technology - this is when there is a production site.

Let's see what new modular technologies are in the construction of private houses.

Specifications of a finished house from a frame are directly dependent on the qualifications of the specialists building these houses. Poor quality compliance with the requirements associated with the construction of residential buildings significantly reduces the life of the building, for example, a house can rot if moisture gets inside during its construction. Now in our country such workers are not trained, so they must be trained in countries with developed real estate construction, where there is a specialty of the so-called "frame worker" - a professional in installing a house from a frame.

The undoubted advantage of frame construction technology is the relative ease in the transportation of component parts. During the construction of houses panel technology produced practically complete assembly all parts of the building - prepared for the final installation of floors, wall panels, roofs. In this case, any methods of configuration are possible. Due to the conveyor organization of this process, the panels have a high assembly speed. So, the whole house is assembled in a few days, while the speed of construction weather practically no effect. The speed of construction becomes even higher if the walls are completely ready at the factory - windows are installed on them, there is all the decoration.

For the construction of a complex of houses using panel technology, special production area, but smaller than for the construction of modular houses. This is directly related to the execution of the part installation work at the construction site itself. The disadvantage of this method of erecting houses lies in the fact that the parameters of the construction site must allow trucks with panels to drive close enough, and cranes perform the installation. If the panels already have finished finish, then when creating closed loop vapor barrier is somewhat difficult. Construction technology panel houses needs good training of the personnel performing on-site installation of the house.

The construction of houses using this technology is highly dependent on the availability of the necessary production workshops, in which the bulk of the work at the plant takes place. Already on the site, the house gets in the form of three-dimensional modules. Here it is only necessary to carry out their installation, facing the house, installation of stairs. The most important thing in this method is the ability to control the quality at all stages of work and at the same time comply with the production technology.

If a manufacturing process, with the use of modular technology is well arranged, then the construction of one house takes place in one or two days.

For removal from the production workshop, transportation of modules to the installation site, you need to have at your disposal about thirty cargo trailers specially designed for this. When transporting over short distances, domestic tractors of the Kirovets brand can be used as a tractor. When creating a plant for the construction of modular technology houses important condition is a mandatory certification of special trailers for transporting modules. This takes about four months and must be completed simultaneously with the construction of the factory.

Prior to installation, a site must be selected with a size sufficient to accommodate the foundation, a trailer with a module and a crane, as well as with an acceptable number of free space required to move the house module from the trailer to the foundation itself. Installation of a house usually takes a couple of days if a team of five specialists and one crane works.

According to American standards, the foundation on which the house is placed must be at least 49 meters long. From outer wall to the adjacent area on the sides and behind at least six meters. From the front line - no less than fifteen. If the project plans to place on ground floor large household appliances, it is advisable to load them before placing the building on the foundation.

Final finishing at home consists in carrying out work that is not performed at the plant, until the final readiness of the building and its delivery on a turnkey basis. These are works such as installation of floors, stairs between floors, finishing of butt joints, puttying, painting, completion of all work outside the building. These are all those works that have not been carried out before, in order to avoid damage. The connection is also made and then the domestic systems are tested. The entire cost estimate for these works can be calculated only on the basis of the project of a particular house, already directly at the very stage of project development.

Within a couple of days, house structures are made at the factory. Then they are transported directly to the construction site in polyethylene packaging and by special transport, where they are further installed. Moreover, the plant can be located no further than five hundred kilometers from the site where construction is taking place. Production of monolithic reinforced concrete foundation slab, which takes 5-7 days, is considered the beginning of construction and installation work. Then the installation of walls, roofing panels, ceilings is carried out. Therefore, this production technology is especially effective in areas natural Disasters, as well as in places with a rotational work method. The next stage of work on finishing the facade, installing the roof. Device for heating, water supply, sewerage, ventilation, electricity and other engineering systems happens in seven days.

A set of houses is produced at the factory in a couple of days. Materials do not need special transport for transportation. It's just that all kits must be packed in moisture-proof material to prevent rotting. All elements and parts of the frame of the house, produced at the factory, are moved to the construction site, where they are assembled into a single frame. Then the skeleton of the house is insulated, sheathed and finished.

Houses of this type are characterized by a low degree of completion at the factory, so the bulk of the assembly and finishing work takes place on the construction site. Assembling the kit takes from 3 weeks to 2 months, so the construction period is greatly increased. Installation of the frame of a medium-sized house with a height of two floors and an area of 200 square meters takes three to four days. After that, the roof is closed with a special waterproofing material. Sheathing and wall insulation will take one to two months. The overall construction cycle, from initial production at the factory to final delivery directly to the customer, takes about four months.

Difficult choice

To choose any construction technology, you need to know the main aspects of all technologies. The type of building and the entire system must meet certain requirements.

These are the speed of construction, low material consumption, the use of inexpensive raw materials, the typification of housing construction, and the focus on the economic class.

All technologies listed above correspond to the described characteristics. The production of frame, modular and panel houses does not require a large number high-quality raw materials, but they are quickly produced and assembled. In addition, their price is much lower than that of houses built from solid wood or other building materials.

The cost of organizing production using modular technology is higher than using panel and frame technology. The reason is the need to use expensive equipment and large-scale land plots, workshops of considerable size. Meanwhile, the price of a house built using modular technology is less than the rest.

The speed of construction of such houses is much higher than frame and panel ones. The disadvantage of the technology is the low transportability of products - special trailers are needed, the plant should be close to the main point of sale.

With low production costs, the maximum cost of houses built in a frame way. The release time of the house kit is quite short, but general term, from the beginning to completion of construction, up to the completion of houses with such important structures as reliable, burglary-resistant, high-quality entrance steel doors granite m3, reaches four months, while using modular technology - only 10-11 days, using panel technology - about 25. Such houses are easily transported, since, unlike panel houses, these are unfinished walls, but only component parts. The main disadvantage of this technology can be called the need for highly qualified developers.

A poorly built house will not last long. At the same time, a highly skilled labor force is very expensive, since such personnel are not trained in Russia.

In terms of the cost of organizing production, construction time, and the cost of a house, panel technology is in the middle, between frame and modular. In the construction of prefabricated houses, the plant must be close to the construction site, since the panels are transported already in finished condition. This is of great importance with the constant increase in transport tariffs. Only the largest market in the region is targeted by the placement of such a plant. Its production capacity is calculated based on the market capacity of the area beyond which to transport panel houses unprofitable. Also, the disadvantage of this technology is considered to be a large dependence on the quality of the workforce.

Small differences between all technologies are that modular at the factory requires highly skilled workers, while panel and frame require at the construction site.

The choice of technology should be made based on the existing goals. If necessary, the creation of factories and the subsequent development of large areas on your own, the most suitable would be modular technology, because such an architectural and construction system causes the shortest construction time and low cost. With such a strategy, the option of using panel technology is also suitable, despite the higher cost and long periods of work, but with less investment.

If you want to build and sell maximum amount houses without building land plots, the most suitable would be frame housing construction due to good transportability and profitable payback of a set of houses at the factory.

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