Floors in residential buildings device rules. SNiP and SP: floors and requirements for them. Choosing the type of flooring for industrial premises
SET OF RULES
FLOORS
UPDATED VERSION OF SNiP 2.03.13-88
The floor
SP 29.13330.2011
Foreword
Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On technical regulation", and the development rules - by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 N 858 "On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules".
About the set of rules
1. Performers - Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute industrial buildings and structures (JSC "TsNIIPromzdaniy") and LLC "PSK Konkrit Engineering".
2. Introduced by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction".
3. Prepared for approval by the Department of Architecture, Construction and Urban Policy.
4. Approved by Order of the Ministry regional development of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) dated December 27 N 785 and entered into force on May 20, 2011.
5. Registered federal agency on technical regulation and metrology (Rosstandart). Revision of SP 29.13330.2010.
Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in information system general use - on the official website of the developer (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) on the Internet.
Introduction
This document contains requirements that meet the objectives of articles 7, 8, 10, 12, 22 and 30 of the Federal Law of December 30, 2009 N 384-FZ " Technical regulation on the safety of buildings and structures.
The work was carried out by OJSC "TsNIIPromzdaniy" (Prof., Doctor of Engineering Sciences V.V. Grachev, Prof., Candidate of Engineering Sciences S.M. Glikin, Candidate of Engineering Sciences A.P. Chekulaev) and OOO " PSK Konkrit Engineering" (A.M. Gorb).
1 area of use
1.1. This set of rules applies to the design of floors in industrial, warehouse, residential, public, administrative, sports and domestic buildings.
1.2. Floor design should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of December 30, 2009 N 384-FZ "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures" and taking into account the requirements established for:
floors in residential and public buildings - SP 54.13330, SP 55.13330 and SNiP 31-06;
floors in industrial premises with fire and explosion hazardous technological processes - in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on the Requirements fire safety"and provisions;
floors with a normalized indicator of heat absorption of the floor surface - SP 50.13330 and regulations;
floors, performed on floors, upon presentation to the latter of the requirements for noise protection - SP 51.13330 and provisions;
floors in livestock, poultry and fur-breeding buildings and premises - SNiP 2.10.03;
floors exposed to acids, alkalis, oils and other aggressive liquids - SNiP 2.03.11;
floors in sports facilities - SNiP 31-05 and recommendations,,;
floors in refrigerated rooms - SNiP 2.11.02;
floors in warehouse buildings - SP 56.13330.
1.3. When designing floors, it is necessary to observe Additional requirements established by design standards for specific buildings and structures, fire and sanitary standards, as well as process design standards.
1.4. Construction and installation work on the manufacture of floors and their acceptance into operation must be carried out taking into account the requirements set forth in SNiP 3.04.01.
1.5. These standards do not apply to the design of removable floors (raised floors) and floors located on structures on permafrost soils.
Regulatory documents referred to in the text of these standards are given in Appendix A.
Note. When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the effect of reference standards and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year , and according to the corresponding monthly published information signs published in current year. If the referenced document is replaced (modified), then when using this set of rules, one should be guided by the replaced (modified) document. If the referenced material is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the link to it is given applies to the extent that this link is not affected.
3. Terms and definitions
This set of rules adopts the terms and definitions given in Appendix B.
4. General requirements
4.1. Choice constructive solution floors should be carried out based on the requirements of operating conditions, taking into account technical and economic feasibility decision in specific construction conditions, which provide:
operational reliability and durability of the floor;
saving building materials;
the most complete use of strength and deformation characteristics
soils and physical and mechanical properties materials used for flooring;
minimum labor costs for installation and operation;
maximum mechanization of device processes;
environmental Safety;
safety of movement of people;
optimal hygiene conditions for people;
fire and explosion safety.
4.2. The design of floors should be carried out taking into account the operational impacts on them, special requirements(non-sparking, anti-static, dust-free, evenness, wear resistance, heat absorption, soundproofing ability, slipperiness) and climatic conditions construction sites.
4.3. The intensity of mechanical impacts on floors should be taken from Table 1.
Table 1
┌─────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│Mechanical effects │ Intensity of mechanical effects │
│ ├─────────────┬──────────┬───────────┬──────────┤
│ │ very │significant-│ moderate │ weak │
│ │ significant │ │ │ │
├─────────────────────────┼─────────────┼──────────┼───────────┼──────────┤
│Pedestrian traffic per 1 m│ - │ - │500 and more│Less than 500 │
│pass width, number │ │ │ │ │
│people per day │ │ │ │ │
│ Traffic on │ 10 and more │ Less than 10 │ - │ - │
│caterpillar for one │ │ │ │ │
│traffic lane, units/day │ │ │ │ │
│Traffic on │ More than 200 │100 - 200 │ Less than 100 │ Traffic │
│ rubber run for one │ │ │ │ manual │
│traffic lane, units/day │ │ │ │ carts │
│Trolley movement by │ More than 50 │ 30 - 50 │ Less than 30 │ - │
│metal tires, │ │ │ │ │
│rolling round │ │ │ │ │
│ metal objects │ │ │ │ │
│one lane, │ │ │ │ │
│unit/day │ │ │ │ │
│Traffic on │ More than 100 │ 50 - 100 │ Less than 50 │ - │
│metal wheels with │ │ │ │ │
│ polymer rims │ │ │ │ │
│materials, units/day │ │ │ │ │
│ Impacts when falling from a high │ 10 - 20 │ 5 - 10 │ 2 - 5 │ Less than 2 │
│you 1 m solid objects │ │ │ │ │
│weight, kg, not more than │ │ │ │ │
│Hard drawing │Complies│ - │ - │ - │
│objects with sharp │ │ │ │ │
│corners and edges │ │ │ │ │
│Work sharp │corresponds│ - │ - │ - │
│ tool on the floor │ │ │ │ │
│ (shovels, etc.) │ │ │ │ │
└─────────────────────────┴─────────────┴──────────┴───────────┴──────────┘
4.4. The intensity of the impact of liquids on the floor should be considered:
small - slight impact of liquids on the floor, in which the surface of the floor covering is dry or slightly damp; the floor covering is not impregnated with liquids; cleaning of premises with spilling water is not carried out;
medium - periodic wetting of the floor, in which the surface of the floor covering is damp or wet; the floor covering is impregnated with liquids; liquids flow periodically on the floor surface;
large - constant or often repeated runoff of liquids on the floor surface.
The zone of influence of liquids due to their transfer on the soles of shoes and tires of vehicles extends in all directions (including adjacent rooms) from the place of wetting the floor: with water and aqueous solutions - 20 m, mineral oils and emulsions - 100 m. Washing the floor (without pouring water and when using detergents and care products that comply with the recommendations of firms - manufacturers of materials for the manufacture of floor coverings) and occasional rare splashes, drops, etc. does not count as exposure to liquids on the floor.
4.5. In rooms with medium and high intensity of impact on the floor of liquids, floor slopes should be provided. The value of the slopes of the floors should be taken:
0.5 - 1% - for seamless coatings and coatings from slabs (except for concrete coatings of all types);
1 - 2% - for all types of brick and concrete coatings.
The slopes of trays and channels, depending on the materials used, must be respectively not less than those indicated. The direction of the slopes must ensure the removal Wastewater into trays, channels and ladders without crossing passages and passages.
4.6. In livestock buildings, the slope of the floors towards the manure canal should be taken equal to:
0% - in rooms with slatted floors and in channels with mechanical manure removal;
not less than 0.5% - in rooms for keeping birds in cages and in trays along the aisles in all rooms;
at least 1.5% - in the technological parts of the premises (stalls, stalls, machines, etc.);
no more than 6% - in rooms for walking animals and birds and in transitional galleries between buildings.
4.7. The slope of the floors on the floors should be created with a screed or concrete coating of variable thickness, and the floors on the ground - with an appropriate layout of the soil base.
4.8. The floor level in toilets and bathrooms should be 15-20 mm lower than the floor level in adjacent rooms, or the floors in these rooms should be separated by a threshold.
4.9. In places where floors adjoin walls, partitions, columns, foundations for equipment, pipelines and other structures protruding above the floor, skirting boards should be installed. If liquids get on the walls, their lining should be provided for the entire soaking height. In the absence of expansion joints along the walls, aesthetic requirements and special requirements for technological processes occurring in rooms with a low intensity of exposure to liquids, skirting boards can be excluded at the junction of floors to walls.
4.10. There should be no voids in the construction of the floors of premises for the storage and processing of products, as well as premises for keeping animals.
4.11. Floors in buildings must have the necessary bearing capacity and not be "unsteady". Deflections at a concentrated load of 2 kN in residential buildings, 5 kN in public and administrative buildings and corresponding to the loads in the technical specifications for the design of industrial and warehouse buildings, should not exceed 2 mm.
4.12. Floors in planar sports facilities exposed to medium to high intensity liquids (rain and melt water outdoor stadiums and grounds) must be equipped with a system for the removal of surface water and drainage. To drain water from the territory of flat structures, it must be given the necessary slopes, and devices for collecting and draining surface water in the form open system flumes, a closed system of pipes and manholes, or a combination of open flumes and closed drainage systems.
4.13. The slope of the floor covering in a planar open structure should be 0.5 - 1%.
4.14. The direction of slopes should be:
- from the transverse axis (A) of the tennis court, volleyball and badminton courts;
- from the longitudinal axis (B) or hip (C) - in basketball, football, handball, etc.
4.15. In order to prevent injuries, trays and channels in the floors of outdoor sports facilities must be equipped with lattice covers.
4.16. Floors in the halls game types sports (football, volleyball, basketball, tennis, etc.) must meet the following requirements:
shock absorption - not less than 53%;
standard deformation (a parameter characterizing the amount of deflection of the floor covering under impact loads to a point with a force equal to 1500 N) - not less than 2.3 mm;
factor W 500 (parameter characterizing the deformation at a distance of 500 mm from the load impact point) - no more than 15% of the standard deformation;
ball rebound - not less than 90%;
pressure during rolling - not less than 1500 N.
4.17. Requirements for dust-free, even, anti-static and (or) non-sparking floors are set by the customer at the design specification stage, taking into account the specifics of the technological process.
4.18. Heated floors with a ceramic tile coating should be provided in areas where people walk with bare feet - bypass paths along the perimeter of pool baths (except for outdoor pools), in locker rooms, showers. average temperature the floor surface must be maintained within 21 - 23 °C.
4.19. Floors in refrigerated rooms with negative temperatures should be designed taking into account the need to prevent freezing of the soils that are the base under the floors. For this purpose, artificial heating systems, a ventilated underground device and other protection systems should be used in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.11.02.
5. Floor coverings
5.1. The type of floor covering of industrial premises should be assigned depending on the type and intensity of mechanical, liquid and thermal effects, taking into account special requirements for floors in accordance with the mandatory Appendix B.
The type of interlayer in the floors is indicated in Appendix D.
The type of floor covering in residential, public, administrative and domestic buildings should be assigned depending on the type of premises in accordance with the recommended Appendix D.
5.2. The thickness and strength of materials for continuous coatings and floor slabs should be assigned according to Table 2.
table 2
┌────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Material │ Intensity of mechanical impacts on the floor │
│ floor coverings ├─────────────────── ────────┬───────────────────┤
│ │ very │ significant │ moderate │ weak │
│ │ significant │ │ │ │
│ ├───────┬──────────┼───────┬─────────┼───────┬─────────┼───────┬──────────┤
│ │thickness│ class │thickness│ class │thickness│ class │thickness│ class │
│ │ covering - │ concrete or │ covering - │ concrete │ covering - │ concrete │ covering - │ concrete or │
│ │tia, mm│strength │tiya, mm│ or │tiya, mm│ or │tiya, mm│strength │
│ │ │material │ │strength│ │strength│ │material │
│ │ │coating, │ │material│ │material│ │coating, │
│ │ │ MPa │ │ coatings, │ │ coatings, │ │ MPa │
│ │ │ │ │ MPa │ │ MPa │ │ │
├────────────────┼───────┴──────────┼───────┼─────────┼───────┼─────────┼───────┼──────────┤
│1. Concrete │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│cement │50<*>B40<**>│ 30 │ B30 │ 25 │ B22.5 │ 20 │ B15 │
│mosaic │ Not allowed │ 30 │ 40 │ 25 │ 30 │ 20 │ 20 │
│polyvinyl acetate-│ The same │ 30 │ 40 │ 20 │ 30 │ 20 │ 20 │
│ny or │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│latex │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│acid-resistant │ "│ 40 │ 25 │ 30 │ 20 │ 20 │ 20 │
│asphalt concrete │ "│ 50 │ - │ 40 │ - │ 25 │ - │
│steel fiber reinforced concrete │40<*>B35<****>│ 30 │ B25 │ 25 │ B20 │ 20 │ B15 │
├────────────────┼──────────────────┼───────┴─────────┼───────┼─────────┼───────┼──────────┤
│2. Cement- │ Not allowed │ Not allowed │ 30 │ 30 │ 20 │ 20 │
│sand mortar│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│3. Polyvinyl - │ The same │ The same │ 20 │ - │ 15 │ - │
│ acetate cement- │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│sawdust composition│ │ │ │ │ │ │
├────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼───────┼─────────┼───────┼──────────┤
│4. Bulk │ " │ " │4<***>│ - │ 2 - 4 │ - │
│composition based on│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│synthetic │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│resin │ │ │ │ │ │ │
├────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────────────┼───────┼─────────┼───────┼──────────┤
│5. Xylolite │ " │ " │ 20 │ - │ 15 │ - │
├────────────────┼──────────────────┼───────┬─────────┼───────┼─────────┼───────┼──────────┤
│6. Cement- │ "│ 40 │ B30 │ 30 │ B22.5 │ 30 │ B15 │
├────────────────┼──────────────────┼───────┼─────────┼───────┼─────────┼───────┼──────────┤
│7. Mosaic- │ "│ 40 │ 40 │ 30 │ 30 │ 20 │ 20 │
│concrete slabs │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│8. Ceramic │ " │ Not allowed │ Not allowed │9 - 13 │ - │
│tiles │ │ │ │ │ │
├────────────────┼──────────────────┼───────┬─────────┼───────┬─────────┼───────┼──────────┤
│9. Ceramic │ " │ 50 │ - │30 - 35│ - │15 - 20│ - │
│acid-resistant │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ plates │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
├────────────────┼──────────────────┼───────┴─────────┼───────┴─────────┼───────┼──────────┤
│10. Porcelain stoneware│ "│ Not allowed │ Not allowed │More than 8│ - │
├────────────────┴──────────────────┴─────────────────┴─────────────────┴───────┴──────────┤
│ <*>For a concrete floor with a hardened top layer of 70 mm or more │
│120 mm when using concrete pavement and as an underlayment │
│layer on the ground. │
│ <**>For concrete floors with hardened top layer B22.5. │
│ <***>The movement of carts on metal tires is not allowed. │
│ <****>With a fiber reinforcement coefficient by volume mu > 0.003 │
│ fv │
│(above 23.5 kg/m3). │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
When placing pipelines in concrete coverings with their laying directly on a concrete base (without an intermediate screed to cover pipelines), the thickness of the floor covering must be at least the diameter of the pipeline plus 45 mm.
5.3. The adhesion strength (adhesion) of coatings based on cement binder to detachment with a concrete base at the age of 28 days must be at least 0.75 MPa. The adhesion strength of the hardened mortar (concrete) with the concrete base after 7 days should be at least 50% of the design.
5.4. The total thickness of concrete and refractory concrete floors should be taken into account by calculation, taking into account the loads acting on the floor, the materials used and the properties of the base soil, but taking into account the thickness concrete base not less than 120 mm.
5.5. In livestock buildings, the calculated concentrated loads from the weight of animals acting on the floor should be taken according to the technological design standards, taking into account the overload factor equal to 1.2 and the dynamic factor equal to 1.2.
5.6. Floors in feed and manure passages of livestock buildings should be calculated for the impact of a moving load from transport on a pneumatic duct at a pressure on the wheel of 14.5 kN.
5.7. Monolithic floors made of lightweight concrete with a latex-cement coating and limestone-expanded clay floors used to ensure the normalized heat absorption of the floor in livestock buildings when animals are kept without litter should be made on a heat-insulating layer of expanded clay gravel and have a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa.
5.8. The thickness and reinforcement of refractory concrete slabs should be taken according to the calculation of structures lying on a deformable base, under the action of the most unfavorable combination of floor loads.
5.9. The thickness of boards, parquet, parquet and solid boards, as well as parquet panels should be taken according to the current product standards.
5.10. The air space under the floor covering made of boards, slats, parquet boards and shields should not communicate with ventilation and smoke ducts, and in rooms with an area of more than 25 m2 it should be additionally divided by partitions made of boards into closed compartments of size (4 - 5) (5 - 6) m.
5.11. To provide comfortable conditions for a person in terms of antistatic and protection of electronic equipment from electrical discharges with a voltage of more than 5 kV, floors in residential and public buildings should be coated with polymeric antistatic materials with a specific surface electrical resistance within -.
5.12. In the premises of industrial buildings with the requirement of "electronic hygiene", in which it is necessary to provide comfortable conditions for a person in terms of antistatic, as well as to protect electronic equipment from electrical discharges with a voltage of more than 2 kV, the floors must be made with an electrically dissipative coating, characterized by the electrical resistance value between the surface floor coverings and building grounding system ranging from to.
5.13. Floors in rooms where the formation of explosive mixtures of gases, dust, liquids and other substances in concentrations at which sparks formed when objects hit the floor or static electricity discharges can cause an explosion or fire should be made with an electrically dissipative coating of materials that do not generating sparks under impact, characterized by the value of electrical resistance between the surface of the floor covering and the grounding system of the building in the range from to.
5.14. In "clean" and "extra clean" rooms, classified according to cleanliness classes, floors must be made with an electrically dissipative polymer coating, characterized by an electrical resistance value between the floor covering surface and the building's grounding system ranging from to.
5.15. To remove static electricity from the surface of the floor covering, an electric discharge circuit connected to the building's grounding system must be placed under the electrically dissipative floor covering.
5.16. When presenting increased requirements for dust separation to the floors, "low-dusting" (abrasion not more than 0.4 g/cm2) and "dust-free" (abrasion not more than 0.2 g/cm2) floor coverings should be used. It is possible to finish the surface of the floor covering according to the recommended Appendix G.
5.17. The abrasion of the floor covering should not exceed for monolithic floor coverings in rooms of dustlessness class 1000 - 0.06 g/cm2, class 10000 - 0.09 g/cm2 and class 100000 - 0.12 g/cm, and for floor coverings from linoleum - 50 µm, 90 µm and 100 µm, respectively.
The edges of the joined linoleum panels in rooms of classes 1000 and 10000 must be welded.
5.18. The floor surface must be even. The gaps between the control two-meter rail and the surface to be checked should not exceed for coatings:
polymer mastic, board, parquet, laminated parquet, linoleum, roll materials based synthetic fibers- 2 mm;
from concrete (all types), xylolite, cement- sand mortar, polyvinyl acetate cement-sawdust composition, from concrete slabs (all types), ceramic, porcelain stoneware, stone, rubber, cast iron and steel, as well as bricks (all types) on mortar - 4 mm;
from cast iron plates and brick on a layer of sand - 6 mm.
5.19. The deviation of the floor covering surface from the specified slope should not exceed 0.2% of the corresponding size of the premises, but not more than 20 mm.
5.20. The height of the ledge between adjacent products of coatings made of piece materials should not exceed in floors:
from brick, concrete, cast iron and steel plates - 2 mm;
from ceramic, mosaic-concrete, stone slabs - 1 mm.
5.21. In plank, parquet, linoleum and laminated parquet floors, ledges between adjacent products are not allowed.
5.22. The deviation of the seams in floor coverings between rows of piece materials from a straight line should not exceed 10 mm over a row length of 10 m. The width of the seams between tiles and blocks should not exceed 6 mm when embedding tiles and blocks into the layer manually and 3 mm when vibrating.
5.23. The gaps between plank flooring boards should not exceed 1 mm, between parquet boards- 0.5 mm and between adjacent planks of piece parquet - 0.3 mm.
5.24. Gaps between adjacent edges of carpet panels are not allowed.
5.25. Floor surfaces must not be slippery. The allowable coefficient of friction should be when moving in shoes in residential, public and industrial premises:
for dry floor coverings - not less than 0.35;
the same, for wet - not less than 0.4;
the same, for oiled ones - not less than 0.5.
When walking with bare feet:
on wet floor coverings in changing rooms - at least 0.2;
for wet floor coverings in shower rooms and pools - at least 0.3;
on underwater stairs in the pool - not less than 0.5.
When walking on an inclined plane (along a straight line of slope) at an angle, the allowable friction coefficients are determined by the formula
When walking on a horizontal plane with an additional horizontal force (carrying weights, moving carts), the allowable friction coefficients are determined by the formula
where is the force for moving loads, N;
G is the average weight of a person, equal to 75 kg.
When walking on an inclined plane with an additional force applied parallel to the surface of the plane, the allowable friction coefficients are determined by the formula
5.26. The coefficient of friction of the surface of floor coverings in sports facilities should not be less than 0.4 and more than 0.6.
5.27. In rooms, during the operation of which temperature drops in floor coverings are possible, expansion joints must be provided, which must coincide with expansion joints in the screed and in the underlying layer. The seams must be embroidered with a polymeric elastic composition.
5.28. Expansion joints in prefabricated screeds made of particle boards must be repeated in the flooring and protected with elastic elements or embroidered with a polymeric elastic composition.
5.29. When joining coatings from dissimilar materials, it is recommended to install copper aluminum or steel elements that protect the edges of these coatings from mechanical damage, water ingress into the seam and peeling off. For parquet and tile coverings floors, such elements, in addition, make it possible to compensate for deformations from temperature and humidity effects.
6. Interlayer
6.1. The choice of the type of interlayer should be made depending on the type of impact on the floors in accordance with Appendix D.
6.2. Adhesive compositions must correspond to the materials of the floor covering and provide the adhesion (adhesion) strength of the coatings to separation when they are laid on concrete, cement-sand or gypsum bases, not less than, MPa:
parquet floors and linoleum,
laid on polymeric adhesives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3;
stones placed on cement adhesives. . . . . . . . . . . 0,5;
ceramic tile, porcelain stoneware, slabs of natural
stones laid on polymer adhesives. . . . . . . . . . . 2.0.
(more than tensile strength
bases in tension -
separation cohesive,
by base)
6.3. The thickness of the layer should be, mm:
from cement-sand mortar and mortar
on liquid glass with a sealing additive. . . . . . . . . 10 - 15
from polymer putty for coatings from piece
materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 4
from hot bituminous mastic and adhesive composition
based on cement for gluing tiles. . . . . . . . . 2 - 3
parquet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . no more than 1.0
from adhesive composition for gluing
roll materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . no more than 0.8
from fine-grained concrete
not lower than B30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 - 35
from sand and heat-insulating materials. . . . . . . at least 60
6.4. For floors exposed to liquids, layers of sand and heat-insulating materials are not allowed.
7. Waterproofing
7.1. Waterproofing against the penetration of sewage and other liquids should be provided for medium and high intensity impact on the floor (4.4):
water and neutral solutions - in floors on floors, on subsidence and swelling soils, as well as in floors on heaving soils of the base in unheated premises and in open areas;
organic solvents, mineral oils and emulsions thereof - in floors on floors;
acids, alkalis and their solutions, as well as substances of animal origin - in floors on the ground and on the floor.
7.2. Waterproofing against the penetration of sewage and other liquids must be continuous in the floor structure, walls and bottoms of trays and channels, above foundations for equipment, as well as in places where the floor transitions to these structures. In places where the floor adjoins walls, foundations for equipment, pipelines and other structures protruding above the floor, waterproofing should be provided continuously to a height of at least 200 mm from the level of the floor covering, and if it is possible for a water jet to hit the walls, to the entire soaking height.
7.3. With medium and high intensity of exposure to liquids on the floor, as well as under sewer trays, channels and ladders, adhesive waterproofing should be used.
With medium and high intensity of impact on the floor of mineral oils, emulsions from them or organic solvents, the use of gluing waterproofing from materials based on bitumen is not allowed.
In rooms where floors are exposed to acids, alkalis, oils and other aggressive liquids, the choice of waterproofing materials should be carried out taking into account the recommendations of SNiP 2.03.11.
7.4. With an average intensity of impact on the floor of wastewater and other liquids, the number of layers of waterproofing is taken based on the type of material:
waterproofing from bituminous roll materials pasted on mastics, bituminous and bitumen-polymer mastics and waterproofing mortars based on cement - at least two layers;
waterproofing from bituminous rolled-on and self-adhesive materials and polymeric rolled materials - at least in one layer.
With a high intensity of liquid exposure to the floor, as well as under waste trays, channels, trawls and within a radius of 1 m from them, the number of waterproofing layers should be increased:
when waterproofing from bituminous roll materials glued to mastics, bituminous and bitumen-polymer mastics and cement-based waterproofing mortars - at least two layers;
when waterproofing from bituminous rolled-on and self-adhesive materials and polymer roll materials - at least one layer.
7.5. On the surface of the waterproofing from bitumen-based materials, before laying coatings, interlayer materials or screeds, which include cement, it is necessary to provide for the application of bituminous mastic with sprinkling of sand with a fraction of 1.5 - 5 mm. It is allowed not to apply bituminous mastic with sand sprinkling in case of using a waterproofing material with sprinkling applied to it at the factory.
7.6. With medium and high intensity of water impact on the floor (open stadiums and grounds) and the use of permeable coatings on concrete bases, drainage should be arranged between the coating and the base, using expansion and working joints as drains. Drains should be filled with elastic materials with a porous structure.
7.7. Waterproofing under the concrete underlying layer must be provided: when located in a zone of dangerous capillary rise ground water bottom of the underlying layer. When designing waterproofing, the height, m, of a dangerous rise in groundwater from their horizon should be taken equal to 0.25 for a base of crushed stone, gravel and coarse soils, and 0.3 for coarse sand; sand of medium size and fine - 0.5; silty sand, sandy loam and silty sandy loam - 1.5; loam, silty loam and sandy loam, clay - 2.0;
when the underlying layer is located below the level of the blind area of the building;
with medium and high intensity of floor exposure to solutions of sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, acetic, phosphoric, hypochlorous and chromic acids.
The design of the waterproofing must be the same as the waterproofing of foundations and walls. underground structures basements, garages, etc.
As a waterproofing under a concrete base, along with bituminous roll materials glued on mastic, bitumen roll materials welded on and self-adhesive, polymer roll materials, bitumen and bitumen-polymer mastics and cement-based waterproofing solutions applied to a screed layer previously made on the ground, can be poured waterproofing from crushed stone or gravel impregnated with bitumen, asphalt waterproofing from asphalt concrete, as well as from rolled profiled polyethylene membranes laid directly on the base soil were used.
7.8. With medium and high intensity of water impact on the floor (open stadiums and grounds) and the laying of permeable coatings directly on a non-rigid underlying layer (gravel or crushed stone), drainage must be provided in the soil base to ensure the removal of surface water and lowering the level of groundwater.
8. Screed (base for flooring)
8.1. A screed should be provided when necessary:
leveling the surface of the underlying layer;
pipeline shelter;
load distribution over heat and sound insulation layers;
ensuring normalized heat absorption of floors;
creating slopes on the floors along the floors.
8.2. The smallest thickness of a cement-sand or concrete screed to create a slope at the junction with sewer trays, channels and drains should be: when laying it on floor slabs - 20 mm, on a heat and sound insulating layer - 40 mm. The thickness of the screed for covering pipelines (including those in heated floors) must be at least 45 mm greater than the diameter of the pipelines.
8.3. To level the surface of the underlying layer and cover the pipelines, as well as to create a slope on the ceiling, monolithic screeds made of concrete of a class not lower than B12.5 or cement-sand mortars based on dry building floor mixtures on a cement binder with a compressive strength of at least 15 MPa.
8.4. For bulk polymer coatings monolithic screeds should be provided from concrete of a class not lower than B15 or from cement-sand mortars from dry building floor mixtures on a cement binder with a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa.
8.5. Screeds laid on an elastic heat and sound insulating layer should be made of concrete of a class not lower than B15 or cement-sand mortars from dry building floor mixtures on a cement binder with a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa.
8.6. The thickness of the screed with cooling tubes in the plate of artificial ice rinks must be 140 mm.
8.7. The thickness of monolithic screeds from dispersed self-compacting mortars based on dry mixes of building floor with cement binder, used to level the surface of the underlying layer, must be at least 1.5 diameters of the maximum filler contained in the composition.
8.8. The adhesion strength (adhesion) of screeds based on a cement binder to tear off with a concrete base at the age of 28 days should be at least 0.6 MPa. The adhesion strength of the hardened mortar (concrete) with the concrete base after 7 days should be at least 50% of the design.
8.9. With concentrated floor loads of more than 20 kN, the thickness of the screed along the heat or sound insulating layer should be determined by calculating local compression and punching along calculation method set out in SP 52-101.
8.10. In places where screeds, made on sound-proof gaskets or backfills, are mated with other structures (walls, partitions, pipelines passing through floors, etc.), gaps 25–30 mm wide must be provided for the entire thickness of the screed, filled soundproof material.
8.11. In order to exclude wet processes, speeding up the production of work, as well as ensuring normalized heat absorption of the floor, prefabricated screeds made of gypsum-fiber, wood-shaving and cement-shaving sheets or plywood should be used.
8.12. Lightweight concrete of screeds, performed to ensure the normalized heat absorption of the floor, must be of a class not lower than B5, and a porous cement-sand mortar with a compressive strength of at least 5 MPa.
8.13. Deviations of the screed surface from the horizontal plane (gaps between the two-meter control rail and the surface being checked) should not exceed for coatings from piece materials along the interlayer, mm:
from cement-sand mortar, xylolite,
polyvinyl acetate cement-sawdust composition,
as well as for laying gluing waterproofing. . . . . . . . . . 4
based on synthetic resins and adhesives
compositions based on cement, as well as from
linoleum, parquet, laminated parquet,
roll materials based on synthetic
fibers and polymeric bulk coatings. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
8.14. In premises where air temperature drops (positive and negative) are possible, in a cement-sand or concrete screed, expansion joints must be provided, which must coincide with the axes of the columns, the seams of the floor slabs, and the expansion joints in the underlying layer. Expansion seams must be embroidered with a polymeric elastic composition.
8.15. In the screeds of heated floors, it is necessary to provide expansion joints cut in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The seams are cut through the entire thickness of the screed and embroidered with a polymeric elastic composition. The step of expansion joints should be no more than 6 m.
9. Underlayment
9.1. Non-rigid sub-bases (from asphalt concrete; stone materials selected composition, slag materials, from crushed stone and gravel materials, including those treated with organic binders; soils and local materials treated with inorganic or organic binders) can be used provided that they are mechanically compacted.
9.2. The rigid underlying layer (concrete, reinforced concrete, reinforced concrete, steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) and steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC)) must be made of concrete of a class not lower than B22.5.
If, according to the calculation, the tensile stress in the underlying layer of concrete of class B22.5 is lower than the calculated one, it is allowed to use concrete of a class of at least B7.5 with the execution of a leveling screed before applying the floor covering, at least B 12.5 - when applying all types of coatings, except for polymeric poured mastic directly on a concrete base, and not lower than B15 - when applying polymeric poured mastic directly on a concrete base.
9.3. In floors that during operation can be exposed to aggressive liquids, substances of animal origin and organic solvents of any intensity or water, neutral solutions, oils and emulsions of them of medium and high intensity, a rigid underlying layer should be provided.
9.4. The thickness of the underlying layer is set by calculating the strength from the acting loads and must be at least, mm:
sandy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
slag, gravel and crushed stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
concrete in residential and public buildings. . . . . . . . . . . 80
concrete in industrial premises. . . . . . . . . . . 100
9.5. When using a concrete underlayment as a coating or a base for a coating without a leveling screed, its thickness should be increased by 20 - 30 mm compared to the calculated one.
9.6. The underlying layer of asphalt concrete should be made in two layers 40 mm thick each - the lower layer of coarse-grained asphalt concrete (binder) and the upper layer of cast asphalt concrete.
9.7. Deviations (gaps between the control, two-meter rail and the surface of the underlying layer being checked) should not exceed for the layers, mm:
sand, gravel, slag, crushed stone. . . . . . . . . . . fifteen
concrete under concrete coatings, coatings on the interlayer
from cement-sand mortar and under leveling screeds. . . ten
concrete under coatings on a layer of hot
bituminous mastic and when laying gluing waterproofing. . . . 5
concrete under coatings from tiles on the interlayer
based on synthetic resins and adhesive composition
based on cement, under linoleum coatings,
parquet, laminate, roll materials based on
synthetic fibers, as well as for polymer
bulk coatings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
9.8. When using a rigid underlying layer to prevent deformation of the floor in case of possible settlement of the building, its cut-off from columns and walls through gaskets made of rolled waterproofing materials should be provided.
9.9. In rigid underlying layers, temperature-shrinkage joints should be provided, located in mutually perpendicular directions. The dimensions of the areas limited by the axes of the expansion joints should be set depending on the temperature and humidity conditions of the operation of the floors, taking into account the construction technology and the adopted design solutions.
The distance between expansion joints must not exceed 30 times the thickness of the underlying slab, and the depth of the expansion joint must be at least 40 mm and at least 1/3 of the thickness of the underlying layer. The increase in the distance between the expansion joints should be justified by the calculation for temperature effects, taking into account the design features of the underlying layer.
The maximum ratio of the length of the sections limited by the axes of the expansion joints to their width should not exceed 1.5.
After completion of the shrinkage process, the expansion joints must be sealed with a putty composition based on Portland cement grade not lower than M400.
9.10. In premises where air temperature fluctuations (positive and negative) are possible, expansion joints should be embroidered with a polymeric elastic composition. Elastic insulating tapes can be used to protect expansion joints.
9.11. In outdoor areas with permeable floor coverings, expansion joints should be used as a turf drainage system. Their jointing should be carried out with a polymeric elastic composition of a porous structure.
9.12. Expansion joints of the building must be repeated in the concrete sub-base and performed throughout its entire thickness.
9.13. In rooms with normalized indoor air temperature, when the bottom of the concrete base is located above the blind area of the building or below it by no more than 0.5 m, under the concrete base along the outer walls separating heated rooms from unheated ones, a layer 0.8 m wide should be laid on the ground from an inorganic moisture-resistant insulation with a thickness determined from the condition of ensuring the thermal resistance of this insulation layer is not less than the thermal resistance of the outer wall.
Floor screed - a thin durable layer in multilayer structures buildings, designed to absorb and transfer loads (for example, from those on the roofs, cargo, equipment) to the underlying layer of heat or sound insulation. It is used in case of insufficient rigidity of the underlying layer to create flat surface, providing laying of the overlying layers (roof waterproofing or surface coating). there are monolithic (cement-sand, asphalt concrete, etc.) and prefabricated, in the form of thin (4-5 cm thick) slabs of gypsum cement or expanded clay concrete (industrial). (Great Soviet Encyclopedia)
Floor screed is a layer of building materials components different types, is performed as an intermediate structure between the base and the finish coating, they can be porcelain stoneware, laminate, parquet, linoleum, coating polymer and others.
Without exaggeration, we can say that the screed is the basis for the above decorative coatings just like the foundation of a house. The better the screed is made, the better, the screed must be strong, even, without cracks. This is a guarantee that finish coating will last longer and will not crumble during operation.
The floor screed has many device options and wide selection materials for its implementation, depending on the conditions, place of execution, intended use, characteristics of the building / floor structure, availability of utilities.
Consider the device options for the most common methods of surface preparation.
floating screed
Conventional screed (contact, monolithic)
prefabricated structure
Screed on polyethylene film 100 microns floating screed
Floating screed - not a literal term, floating is separated from the base in the very simple execution is a polyethylene film. According to this principle, the technology service we provide is carried out. semi-dry screed on german technology. The purpose of creating such a design is to prevent the adhesion of the mortar to the surface, the lack of adhesion, the floating screed is independent, resistant to vibrations of the base and in contact with the walls. The absence of direct contact with the surface, i.e. with movements (buildings, houses, structures), a sharp change in temperature, humidity, preserves the integrity of the structure from cracks. Floating is also carried out in thermal insulation structures (water-heated floor), sound insulation on materials (EPS) polystyrene, polystyrene, mineral plates, expanded clay, foamed polyethylene, etc. The above list of possible materials also works to lighten the weight of the "pie" and significantly reduce the load on the floors.
Regular screed (classic liquid). The most common version of the device. Normal liquid is cement-sand mixture, laid on floor slabs, monolith, without underlying layers.
This method can also be attributed to "bulk floors" from self-levelling mixtures. This method is best used where there is already a surface with deviations in the plane, drops, or where the task is to raise the floor level to a small thickness of up to 2-2.5 cm. It is better to level the floor with a “self-leveling floor” more than 1.5 cm. the method of ordinary liquid, since self-leveling mixtures do not level out on their own into a perfectly even horizon.
Prefabricated construction is a method of arranging from elements, parts by assembly, without wet processes. Prefabricated floors are made from a crate of a supporting rigid frame along the logs, bulk floors using Knauf technology with a fine fraction of expanded clay and GVL sheets called Knauf-Superpol. Prefabricated floors raised floor, leveling the floor and lifting to a height is achieved by height-adjustable fasteners, support-studs. In all prefabricated floors, the plane is created by materials such as OSB, DSP boards, boards, chipboard, etc.
Standards SNiP "Floors" SP 29.13330.2011 Floors. Updated version of SNiP 2.03.13-88
CODE OF RULES FLOORS
The floor
Updated version of SNiP 2.03.13-88
5. SCREED (BASE UNDER FLOOR COVERING)
5.1. Screeds should be used in cases where it is necessary: leveling the surface of the underlying layer; shelter of pipelines; load distribution over heat and sound insulation layers; ensuring normalized heat absorption; creating a slope in the floors on the ceilings.
5.2. The smallest thickness of the cake for the slope at the junction with sewer trays, channels and ladders should be: when laying it on floor slabs - 20, on a heat or sound insulating layer - 40 mm. The thickness of the layer for covering pipelines should be 10-15 mm greater than the diameter of the pipelines.
5.3. Screeds should be used: for leveling the surface of the underlying layer and covering pipelines - from concrete of a compressive strength class of at least B12.5 or a cement-sand mortar with a compressive strength of at least 15 MPa (150 kgf / cm2); to create a slope on the floor - from concrete of compressive strength class B7.5 or cement-sand mortar with a compressive strength of at least 10 MPa (100 kgf / cm2); for bulk polymeric coatings - from concrete of a compressive strength class of at least B15 or a cement-sand mortar with a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa (200 kgf / cm2).
5.4. Lightweight concrete, performed to ensure normalized heat absorption, must comply with class B5 in terms of compressive strength.
5.5. Strength lightweight concrete for bending for screeds laid on a layer of compressible heat or sound insulating materials, must be at least 2.5 MPa (25 kgf / cm2).
5.6. With concentrated loads on the base of more than 2 kN (200 kgf), a concrete layer should be made along the heat or sound insulating layer, the thickness of which is determined by calculation.
5.7. The strength of gypsum (in the state dried to constant weight) must be, MPa (kgf/cm2), not less than:
for bulk polymer coatings - 20 (200)
"the rest" - 10 (100)
5.8. Structures made of chipboard, cement-bonded chipboard and gypsum fiber boards, of rolled gypsum concrete panels based on gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder, as well as of porous cement mortars should be used in accordance with standard parts albums and working drawings approved in the prescribed manner.
5.9. Structures made of wood fiber boards are allowed to be used in structures to ensure normalized heat absorption of the surface of the first floors of residential premises.
5.10. Asphalt concrete screeds may only be used under sheet grooved parquet flooring.
Created on 01/01/2011 03:00
SP 29.13330.2011
Set of rules
Floors.
Updated version of SNiP 2.03.13-88
These standards apply to the design of floors in industrial, residential, public, administrative, sports and domestic buildings.
Floors with a normalized index of heat absorption of the floor surface should be designed taking into account the requirements of SNiP 23-02-2003 " Thermal protection buildings” and SP 23-101-2000 “Design of thermal protection of buildings”.
Floors, performed on floors, upon presentation of the requirements for noise protection to the latter, must provide the standard parameters of sound insulation of floors in accordance with the instructions of SNiP 23-03-2003 “Protection from noise. Design standards". and SP 23-103-2003 "Design of sound insulation of enclosing structures of residential and public buildings".
The design of the floors of livestock, poultry and fur-breeding buildings and premises should be carried out taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.10.0384 “Livestock buildings. Design standards".
In rooms where floors are exposed to acids, alkalis, oils and other aggressive liquids, floors should be designed taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.03.1185 “Corrosion protection. Design standards".
The design of floors in sports facilities should be carried out taking into account the requirements of SNiP 31-05-2003 "Public administrative buildings" and reference manuals to SNiP "Design of sports halls, premises for physical education and indoor skating rinks with artificial ice", "Design swimming pools"
When designing floors, it is necessary to comply with additional requirements established by the design standards for specific buildings and structures, fire and sanitary standards, as well as technological design standards.
These standards do not apply to the design of removable floors (raised floors), floors located on permafrost soils.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1.
The choice of a constructive floor solution should be carried out based on the requirements of the operating conditions, taking into account the technical and economic feasibility of the decision made in specific construction conditions, which ensures:
operational reliability and durability of the floor; saving building materials;
the most complete use of the physical and mechanical properties of the materials used;
minimum labor costs for installation and operation;
maximum mechanization of device processes;
environmental Safety;
safety of movement of people;
optimal hygiene conditions for people;
fire and explosion safety.
1.2.
The design of floors should be carried out taking into account the operational impacts on them, special requirements (non-sparking, anti-static, dust-free, heat absorption, soundproofing ability, slipperiness) and climatic conditions of the construction site.
1.3.
The intensity of mechanical impacts on the floors should be taken according to Table. one.
1.4.
The intensity of the impact of liquids on the floor should be considered:
small– slight impact of liquids on the floor, in which the surface of the floor covering is dry or slightly damp; floor covering is not impregnated with liquids ;
cleaning of premises with spilling water is not carried out;
middle- Periodic wetting of the floor, in which the surface of the floor covering is damp or wet; the floor covering is impregnated with liquids; liquids flow periodically on the floor surface;
large– constant or frequently repeated runoff of liquids on the floor surface.
The zone of influence of liquids due to their transfer on the soles of shoes and tires of vehicles extends in all directions (including adjacent rooms) from the place of wetting the floor: with water and aqueous solutions for 20 m, for mineral oils and emulsions - for 100 m.
Degree mechanical impact on the floor during operation :
very significant, significant, moderate, weak (Table 1).
Table 1
| Mechanical influences | Intensity of mechanical influences | |||
| very significant body |
significant | moderate | Weak | |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Pedestrian traffic per 1 m of passage width, number of people per day Traffic on caterpillar tracks per lane, units/day Traffic on rubber tires per lane, units/day The movement of carts on metal tires, rolling round metal objects into one lane, Hitting when you fall Drawing hard pre Working with sharp tools |
10 or more Corresponds Corresponds |
Corresponds Corresponds |
500 or more | Less than 500 Motion |
1.5. In rooms with medium and high intensity of impact on the floor of liquids, floor slopes should be provided. The value of the slopes of the floors should be taken:
0.5 - 1% for seamless coatings and slab coatings (except for concrete coatings of all types);
1 - 2% for all types of brick and concrete coatings.
The slopes of trays and channels, depending on the materials used, must be respectively not less than those indicated. The direction of the slopes should ensure the drainage of wastewater into trays, channels and ladders, without crossing driveways and passages.
1.6. In livestock buildings, the slope of the floors towards the manure canal should be taken equal to:
0% in rooms with slatted floors and in channels with mechanical manure removal;
not less than 0.5% in rooms for keeping birds in cages and in trays along the aisles in all rooms;
at least 1.5% in the technological parts of the premises (stalls, stalls, machines, etc.);
no more than 6% in rooms for walking animals and birds and in transitional galleries between buildings.
1.7. Floors in planar sports facilities exposed to liquids of medium and high intensity (rain and melt water in open stadiums and grounds) must be equipped with a system for removing surface water and drainage. To drain water from the territory of flat structures, it must be given the necessary slopes, and devices for collecting and draining surface water in the form of an open system of trays, a closed system of pipes and wells, or a combination of open trays and closed drainage systems.
1.8. The slope of the floor covering in a planar open structure should be 0.5 - 1%.
1.9. The direction of slopes should be:
from the transverse axis (a) of the tennis court, volleyball and badminton courts;
from the longitudinal axis (b) or hip (c) - in basketball, football, handball, etc.
1.10.
In order to prevent injuries, trays and channels in the floors of outdoor sports facilities must be equipped with lattice covers.
1.11.
The slope of the floors on the ceilings should be created by using a screed of variable thickness, and the floors on the ground with the corresponding layout of the subgrade.
1.12.
The floor level in toilets and bathrooms must be 1520 mm lower than the floor level in adjacent rooms, or the floors in these rooms must be separated by a threshold.
1.13.
In places where floors adjoin walls, partitions, columns, foundations for equipment, pipelines and other structures protruding above the floor, skirting boards should be installed. If liquids get on the walls, wall cladding should be carried out to the full height of soaking.
1.14.
There should be no voids in the construction of the floors of premises for the storage and processing of products, as well as premises for keeping animals.
1.15.
Floors in industrial, residential, public, administrative, and domestic buildings should not be "unsteady" when people move on them, furniture or equipment is installed. Deflections should not exceed 2 mm.
1.16.
The floors in the halls for team sports (football, volleyball, basketball, tennis, etc.) must have necessary level elasticity:
shock absorption - not less than 53%;
standard deformation - not less than 2.3 mm;
W 500 factor (parameter characterizing the deformation at a distance of 500 mm from the load impact point) - no more than 15% of the standard deformation.
ball rebound - not less than 90%;
pressure during rolling - not less than 1500 N.
1.17. Requirements for dust-free, anti-static and (or) non-sparking floors are set by the Customer at the stage of the Terms of Reference for design, taking into account the technological process and the requirements of industry standards.
1.18.
Heated floors should be provided in areas where people walk barefoot on ceramic tile flooring - bypass paths along the perimeter of pool baths (except for outdoor pools), in locker rooms, and showers. The average temperature of the floor surface must be maintained within +23°C.
1.19.
Heated floors are in addition to the main heating and serve to create comfort.
2. FLOORS
2.1.
The type of floor covering of industrial premises should be determined depending on the type and intensity of mechanical, liquid and thermal effects, taking into account special requirements for floors in accordance with mandatory Appendix 1.
The type of floor covering in residential, public, administrative and domestic buildings should be assigned depending on the type of premises in accordance with the recommended Appendix 3.
2.2.
The thickness and strength of materials for continuous coatings and floor slabs should be assigned according to Table. 2.
When placing pipelines in concrete coverings with laying directly on a concrete base (without an intermediate screed to cover pipelines), the thickness of the floor covering must be at least the diameter of the pipeline plus 50 mm.
2.3.
The strength of adhesion (adhesion) of coatings based on cement binder to detachment from concrete bases at the age of 28 days should be at least 0.75 MPa. The adhesion strength of the hardened mortar (concrete) with the concrete base after 7 days should be at least 50% of the design value.
2.4.
The total thickness of floors with a concrete coating and with a coating of heat-resistant concrete should be determined according to the calculation, depending on the load on the floor, the materials used and the properties of the base soil, and be at least 120 mm.
2.5.
In livestock buildings, the calculated concentrated loads from the weight of animals acting on the floor should be taken according to the technological design standards, taking into account the overload factor equal to 1.2 and the dynamic factor equal to 1.2.
2.6.
Floors in feed and manure passages of livestock buildings should be calculated for the impact of a moving load from transport on a pneumatic duct at a pressure on the wheel of 1.45 tons.
2.7.
The thickness and reinforcement of heat-resistant concrete slabs should be taken according to the calculation of structures lying on an elastic foundation under the most unfavorable loads on the floor.
2.8.
The thickness of boards, parquet, parquet and solid boards and parquet boards should be taken according to the current product standards.
2.9.
The air space under the floor covering made of boards, slats, parquet boards and shields should not communicate with ventilation and smoke ducts, and in rooms with an area of more than 25 m 2 it should be additionally divided by partitions made of boards into closed compartments measuring (45) x (56) m.
2.10.
Linoleums and polymeric floor coverings must have a fire safety certificate in accordance with Order No. 320 of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated July 8, 2002 “On approval of the list of products subject to mandatory certification in the field of fire safety”.
2.11.
To ensure comfortable conditions for a person in terms of antistatic and protection of electronic equipment from electrical discharges with a voltage of more than 5 kV, the floors in the premises of residential and public buildings must be coated with polymeric antistatic materials with a specific surface electrical resistance within 1 * 10 6 - 1*10 9 ohm.
2.12.
In the premises of industrial buildings with the requirement of "electronic hygiene", in which it is necessary to provide comfortable conditions for a person in terms of antistatic and protect electronic equipment from electrical discharges with a voltage of more than 2 kV, the floors must be made with an electrically dissipative coating, characterized by the electrical resistance value between the coating surface floor and building grounding system. ranging from 5 * 10 4 to 10 7 ohms.
2.13.
Floors in rooms where the formation of explosive mixtures of gases, dust, liquids and other substances in concentrations at which sparks formed when objects hit the floor or static electricity discharges can cause an explosion or fire should be made with an electrically dissipative coating, from materials that do not form sparks during impact, characterized by the magnitude of the electrical resistance between the surface of the floor covering and the building's grounding system. ranging from 5 * 10 4 to 10 6 ohms.
In order to remove static electricity from the surface of the floor covering, an electric discharge circuit connected to the building's grounding system should be placed under the floor covering.
2.14.
When placing increased requirements for dust separation on floors, “low dust” (abrasion no more than 0.4 g/cm 2) and “dustless” (abrasion no more than 0.2 g/cm 2) floor coverings should be used. It is possible to finish the surface of the floor covering according to the recommended appendix 5.
2.15.
In “clean” and “extra clean” rooms, classified according to cleanliness classes, floors should be made with an electrically dissipative polymer coating, which is characterized by the electrical resistance value between the floor covering surface and the building’s grounding system. ranging from 5 * 10 4 to 10 7 ohms.
In order to remove static electricity from the surface of the floor covering, an electric discharge circuit connected to the building's grounding system should be placed under the floor covering.
The abrasion resistance of the floor covering should not exceed for monolithic floor coverings in rooms of dustlessness class 1000 - 0.06 g / cm 2, class 10000 - 0.09 g / cm 2 and class 100000 - 0.12 g / cm 2, and for floor coverings from linoleum - 50 microns, 90 microns and 100 microns, respectively.
The edges of the joined linoleum panels in rooms of classes 1000 and 10000 must be welded.
2.16.
The floor surface must be even. The deviation of the surface of the floor covering from the horizontal plane over a length of 2 m should not exceed for coatings:
polymer mastic, plank,
parquet, laminate, linoleum, roll materials based on synthetic fibers - 2 mm;
from concrete (all types), xylolite, cement-sand mortar, polyvinyl acetate-cement sawdust composition, from concrete slabs (all types), ceramic, porcelain stoneware, stone, rubber, cast iron and steel, as well as brick (all types) on mortar - 4 mm;
from cast-iron plates and bricks along a layer of sand - 6 mm.
2.17.
The deviation of the floor surface from the specified slope should not exceed 0.2% of the corresponding size of the premises, but not more than 50 mm.
2.18.
The height of the ledge between adjacent products of coatings made of piece materials should not exceed in floors:
from brick, concrete, cast iron and steel plates - 2 mm;
from ceramic, mosaic-concrete, stone slabs - 1 mm.
2.19.
In the floors of plank, parquet,
linoleum and laminate ledges between adjacent products are not allowed.
2.20.
The deviation of the seams in floor coverings between rows of piece materials from a straight line should not exceed 10 mm over a row length of 10 m. The width of the joints between the tiles and blocks should not exceed 6 mm when the tiles of the blocks are embedded into the layer manually and 3 mm when vibrated.
2.21.
The gaps between plank flooring boards should not exceed 1 mm, between parquet boards - 0.5 mm, and between adjacent strips of piece parquet - 0.3 mm.
2.22.
Gaps between adjacent edges of carpet panels are not allowed.
2.23.
Floor surfaces must not be slippery. The allowable friction coefficient should be when moving in shoes in residential, public and industrial premises:
for dry floor coverings not less than 0.35;
the same for wet floor coverings - not less than 0.4;
the same for oiled floor coverings - not less than 0.5;
When moving with bare feet on wet floor coverings in changing rooms - at least 0.2;
the same for wet floor coverings in shower rooms and pools - at least 0.3:
the same for underwater stairs in the pool - at least 0.5.
When walking on an inclined plane (along a straight line of slope) at an angle a, the allowable friction coefficients are determined by the formula:
K additional \u003d K tr limit + tg a
When walking on a horizontal plane with an additional horizontal force (carrying weights), the allowable friction coefficients are determined by the formula:
K additional \u003d K tr limit + F n / (G * 9.81), where
F n is the force for moving loads in newtons;
G - the average weight of a person, equal to 75 kg.
When walking on an inclined plane with an additional force applied parallel to the surface of the plane, the allowable friction coefficients are determined by the formula:
K additional \u003d K tr limit + tg a + F n / (G * cosa * 9.81)
2.24.
The coefficient of friction of the surface of floor coverings in sports facilities should not be less than 0.4 and more than 0.6
2.25. In rooms where sharp temperature changes are possible in the floor coverings, expansion joints should be provided, which should coincide with the expansion joints in the screed and in the underlying layer. The seams must be embroidered with a polymeric elastic composition.
2.26.
Expansion joints in prefabricated chipboard screeds must be repeated in the flooring and protected with elastic elements or embroidered with an elastic polymer composition.
2.27. When joining coatings from dissimilar materials, it is recommended to install copper aluminum or steel elements that protect the edges of these coatings from mechanical damage, water ingress into the seam and peeling off. For parquet and tile floor coverings, such elements, in addition, make it possible to compensate for deformations from temperature and humidity effects.
3. INTERLAY
3.1.
The choice of the type of interlayer should be made depending on the type of impact on the floors in accordance with Appendix 2.
3.2.
Adhesive compositions should correspond to floor covering materials and provide adhesion (adhesion) strength of coatings to separation when they are laid on concrete, cement-sand or gypsum bases of at least:
parquet flooring 0.3 MPa;
linoleum 0.3 MPa;
ceramic tiles, porcelain stoneware, slabs natural stone laid on cement adhesives 0.5 MPa
ceramic tiles, porcelain stoneware, natural stone slabs laid on cement polymer adhesives exceed the tensile strength of the base (cohesive tear, along the base)
3.3.
The thickness of the layer should be, mm:
from cement-sand mortar and mortar on liquid glass with a sealing additive
3.4.
For floors exposed to liquids, layers of sand and heat-insulating materials are not allowed.
4. WATERPROOFING
4.1.
Waterproofing against the penetration of sewage and other liquids should be provided only for medium and high intensity impact on the floor (clause 1.4):
water and neutral solutions - in floors on ceilings, on subsiding and swelling soils, as well as in floors on heaving soils of the base in unheated rooms and in open areas;
organic solvents, mineral oils and emulsions from them - in the floors on the floor;
acids, alkalis and their solutions, as well as substances of animal origin - in floors on the ground and on the floor.
4.2.
Waterproofing against the ingress of sewage and other liquids must be continuous in the floor structure, walls and bottoms of trays and channels, over foundations for equipment, as well as in places where the floor transitions to these structures. In places where the floor adjoins walls, foundations for equipment, pipelines and other structures protruding above the floor, waterproofing should be provided continuously to a height of at least 200 mm from the level of the floor covering, and if a water jet hits the walls, to the entire soaking height.
4.3.
With medium and high intensity of exposure to liquids on the floor, as well as under sewer trays, channels and ladders, adhesive waterproofing should be used.
With medium and high intensity of impact on the floor of mineral oils, emulsions from them or organic solvents, the use of gluing waterproofing from bitumen-based materials is not allowed.
4.4.
With an average intensity of impact on the floor of sewage and other liquids, the pasting waterproofing from bitumen-based materials should be two-layer, and from polymeric materials, single-layer.
With a high intensity of liquid impact on the floor, as well as under sewer trays, canals, trawls within a radius of 1 m from them, the number of waterproofing layers from bitumen-based materials should be increased by 2 layers, and from polymeric materials - by 1 layer.
4.5.
On the surface of pasting waterproofing made of materials based on bitumen, before laying coatings, interlayers or screeds on it, which include cement, it is necessary to provide for the application of bituminous mastic with sprinkling with sand with a particle size of 1.5-5 mm.
4.6.
With medium and high intensity of water impact on the floor (open stadiums and grounds) and the use of permeable coatings on concrete bases, drainage should be arranged between the coating and the base, using expansion and working joints as drains. The drains must be filled with elastic materials with a porous structure (rubber granulate granules glued together with an elastic polyurethane composition).
4.7.
Waterproofing under the concrete base layer should be provided:
when located in the zone of dangerous capillary rise of groundwater from the bottom of the underlying layer. When designing waterproofing, the height (m) of the dangerous rise of groundwater from their horizon should be taken equal to the base:
from coarse sand - 0.3;
sand of medium size and fine - 0.5;
dusty sand - 1.5;
loam, silty from loam and sandy loam, clay - 2.0;
when the underlying layer is located below the level of the blind area of the building in rooms where there is no impact on the floor of sewage of medium and high intensity;
with medium and high intensity of floor exposure to solutions of sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, acetic, phosphoric, hypochlorous and chromic acids.
4.8.
With medium and high intensity of water impact on the floor (open stadiums and grounds) and the laying of permeable coatings directly on a non-rigid underlying layer (gravel or crushed stone), drainage should be provided in the soil base to ensure the removal of surface water and lowering the level of groundwater.
5. STRAP
(BASE UNDER FLOOR COVERING)
5.1.
A screed should be provided when necessary:
leveling the surface of the underlying layer;
pipeline shelter;
distribution of loads over heat and sound insulation layers;
ensuring normalized heat absorption of floors;
creating slopes on the floors along the floors.
5.2.
The smallest thickness of a cement-sand or concrete screed (mm) to create a slope at the junction with sewer trays, channels and ladders should be: when laying it on floor slabs - 20, on a heat and sound insulating layer - 40. The thickness of the screed for covering pipelines should be 1520 mm larger than the pipeline diameter.
5.3.
To level the surface of the underlying layer and cover pipelines, as well as to create a slope on the floor, monolithic screeds made of concrete of a class not lower than B12.5 or cement-sand mortar with a compressive strength of at least 15 MPa (150 kgf / cm 2) should be provided.
5.4.
Under bulk polymer coatings, monolithic screeds should be provided from concrete of a class not lower than B15 or from a cement-sand mortar with a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa (200 kgf / cm 2).
5.5.
The thickness of the screeds in heated floors must be 50 mm greater than the diameter of the heating pipes.
5.6.
The thickness of the screed with cooling tubes in the plate of artificial ice rinks must be 140 mm.
5.7.
The thickness of monolithic screeds from self-leveling compounds used to level the surface of the underlying layer must be at least 1.5 diameters of the maximum filler contained in the composition.
5.8.
Adhesion strength (adhesion)
screeds based on cement binder for separation with concrete bases at the age of 28 days should be at least 0.6 MPa. The adhesion strength of the hardened mortar (concrete) with the concrete base after 7 days should be at least 50% of the design value.
5.9.
Lightweight concrete of screeds, performed to ensure normalized heat absorption of the floor, must be of a class not lower than B5, and a porous cement-sand mortar with a compressive strength of at least 5 MPa (50 kgf / cm 2).
5.10.
The bending strength of cement-sand or concrete screeds laid over a layer of compressible heat or sound insulating materials must be at least 2.5 MPa (25 kgf / cm 2).
5.11.
With concentrated floor loads of more than 20 kN (200 kgf), the thickness of the screed along the heat or sound insulating layer should be established by calculation from the condition of excluding deformation of the heat and sound insulating layer.
5.12.
In places where screeds, made along soundproofing pads or backfills, with other structures (walls, partitions, pipelines passing through ceilings, etc.), gaps 2530 mm wide must be provided for the entire thickness of the screed, filled with soundproofing material.
5.13.
In order to exclude wet processes and speed up the production of work, prefabricated screeds from gypsum-fiber, wood-shaving and cement-shaving sheets, plywood, as well as screeds from porous cement mortars should be used.
5.14.
Deviation of the screed surface from the horizontal plane over a length of 2 m should not exceed for coatings:
from piece materials along a layer of cement-sand mortar, xylolite, polyvinyl acetate-cement sawdust composition, as well as for laying 4 mm gluing waterproofing;
from piece materials over an interlayer based on synthetic resins and adhesive compositions based on cement, as well as from linoleum, parquet, laminate, roll materials based on synthetic fibers and polymer bulk coatings 2 mm
5.15.
In rooms where sudden changes in air temperature (positive and negative) are possible in a cement-sand or concrete screed, expansion joints must be provided, which must coincide with the axes of the columns, with the seams of floor slabs, expansion joints in the underlying layer. Expansion seams must be embroidered with a polymeric elastic composition.
5.16.
Heated floor screeds must be provided with expansion joints cut in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The seams are cut through the entire thickness of the screed and embroidered with a polymeric elastic composition. The interval between expansion joints should be no more than 6 m.
6. UNDERTAKING
6.1.
Non-rigid underlying layers (gravel, crushed stone, sand, slag) can be used provided that they are mechanically compacted.
6.2.
The rigid underlying layer must be made of concrete of a class not lower than B 22.5.
If, according to the calculation, the tensile stress in the underlying layer of concrete of class B 22.5 is lower than the calculated one, it is allowed to use concrete of a class not lower than B 7.5.
6.3.
In floors that during operation can be exposed to aggressive liquids, substances of animal origin and organic solvents of any intensity, or water, neutral solutions, oils and emulsions of them of medium and high intensity, a rigid underlying layer should be provided.
6.4.
The thickness of the underlying layer is determined by the calculation of the strength from the acting loads and must be at least:
sand 60 mm
slag, gravel and crushed stone 80 mm
concrete in residential and public buildings 80 mm
concrete in industrial premises 100 mm
6.5.
When using a concrete underlay as a coating or a base for a coating without a leveling screed, its thickness should be increased by 2030 mm compared to the calculated one.
6.6.
The underlying layer of asphalt concrete should be made in two layers: the bottom one is made of coarse-grained asphalt concrete (binder) 40 mm thick and the top one is made of cast asphalt concrete 40 mm thick.
6.7.
The deviation of the surface of the underlying layer from the horizontal plane over a length of 2 m should not exceed for the layers:
sand, gravel, slag, crushed stone 15 mm;
concrete under concrete coatings, coatings over a layer of cement-sand mortar and under leveling screeds 10 mm;
concrete under coatings on a layer of hot bituminous mastic and when laying a 5 mm waterproofing adhesive;
concrete undercoatings from tiles on an interlayer based on synthetic resins and from an adhesive composition based on cement, under coatings from linoleum, parquet, laminate, rolled materials based on synthetic fibers, as well as under polymer filling
nye coatings 2 mm;
6.8.
Expansion joints should be provided in the concrete underlying layers, located in mutually perpendicular directions with a step of 612 m. The depth of the expansion joint should be at least 40 mm and at least 1/3 of the thickness of the underlying layer. After the shrinkage process is completed, the expansion joints must be sealed with a cement-sand mortar.
6.9.
In rooms, during the operation of which sharp changes in air temperature (positive and negative) are possible, expansion joints should be embroidered with a polymeric elastic composition.
6.10.
In outdoor areas with permeable floor coverings, expansion joints should be used as a turf drainage system. Their jointing should be carried out with a polymeric elastic composition with a porous structure.
6.11.
Expansion joints in the floors, coinciding with the expansion joints of the building, must be made to the full thickness of the concrete underlayment.
6.12.
In rooms with normalized indoor air temperature, when the bottom of the concrete base is located above the blind area of the building or below it by no more than 0.5 m, under the concrete base along the outer walls separating the heated rooms from the unheated ones, a layer with a width of 0.8 m from an inorganic moisture-resistant insulation with a thickness determined from the condition for ensuring the thermal resistance of this insulation layer is not less than the thermal resistance of the outer wall.
7. GROUND UNDER
FLOORS
7.1.
The base soil under the floors should exclude the possibility of deformation of the floor structure due to subsidence or heaving.
7.2.
It is not allowed to use peat, chernozem and other vegetable soils as a base for floors. Bulk and natural soils with a disturbed structure must be pre-compacted.
7.3.
When the bottom of the underlying layer is located in the zone of dangerous capillary rise of perennial or seasonal groundwater, one of the following measures should be provided:
lowering of the groundwater horizon;
raising the level of the floor;
in case of a concrete underlayment, the use of waterproofing to protect against groundwater in accordance with paragraph 4.7.
7.4
. When placing structures in areas with heaving soils, it is necessary to exclude heaving deformations by:
lowering the groundwater level below the freezing depth of the base by at least 0.8 m;
arrangement of a heat-insulating embankment using, if necessary, layers of heat-insulating materials to reduce the depth of freezing heaving soil;
complete or partial replacement heaving soil in the freezing zone with non-heaving soil.
7.5
non-rocky ground base under the concrete underlying layer must be pre-strengthened with crushed stone or gravel sunk to a depth of at least 40 mm. 
APPENDIX 3
Recommended
APPOINTMENT OF TYPES OF COVERINGS OF RESIDENTIAL, PUBLIC,
ADMINISTRATIVE AND RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
| Premises | Coating |
| 1. Living rooms in apartments, dormitories, bedrooms in boarding schools, rooms in hotels, rest homes, etc., corridors in apartments, dormitories, boarding schools, more than 20 m away from the external doors of buildings. | Linoleum Parquet Solid or parquet board Laminate Boardwalk |
| 2. Corridors in hotels, rest homes, offices, design bureaus, auxiliary buildings, more than 20 m away from the external doors of buildings. | Linoleum Parquet Laminate Boardwalk Ceramic tiles Porcelain tiles |
| 3. Premises of public buildings, the operation of which is not associated with the constant stay of people in them (museums, exhibitions, lobbies, stations, foyers of entertainment enterprises, etc.) | Polymer bulk 24 mm thick Natural stone slabs Marble slabs, including chipped Porcelain tiles |
| 4. Doctors' offices, treatment rooms, dressing rooms, wards in hospitals, polyclinics, outpatient clinics, dispensaries, sanatoriums, rest homes, children's rooms, and corridors in kindergartens. | Linoleum Parquet Laminate Boardwalk |
| 5. Baby toilets in nurseries and hospitals | Linoleum |
| 6. Working rooms, offices, staff rooms in offices, design bureaus, auxiliary buildings, etc. Auditoriums, classrooms, laboratories, teachers' rooms, etc. rooms in schools. Sports halls, assembly halls, auditoriums, reading rooms, etc. Storage areas for street clothes in dressing rooms |
Linoleum Parquet Laminate Boardwalk |
| 7a. Bathrooms, showers, washrooms, latrines in buildings for various purposes b. trading floors stores and public catering establishments that are more than 20 m away from the external doors of buildings, as well as located on the second and subsequent floors. |
Mosaic concrete polished 1 Cement concrete polished 1 latex cement concrete Porcelain slabs Porcelain slabs Polyvinyl acetate cement concrete 1 Plank, parquet - only for the rooms listed in pos. "b" |
| 8. Premises for the preparation of food products in stores. Kitchens, sinks and preparation rooms of catering establishments. Dressing rooms, soap rooms, steam rooms, in baths. Laundry shops in laundries |
Mosaic concrete polished 1 Cement concrete polished 1 Ceramic tiles |
Continued app. 2
Notes: 1. Coatings made of linoleum and laminate are allowed with a pedestrian traffic intensity not exceeding 500 people per day per 1 m of the passage width.
2. The choice of the type of floor coverings in rooms in which the effects on the floors are similar to the effects in industrial premises should be carried out according to Table. 2.
APPENDIX 4
Reference
BASIC TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Coating- the top layer of the floor, directly exposed to operational impacts.
Interlayer- an intermediate floor layer that connects the coating with the underlying floor layer or serves to cover with an elastic bed.
waterproofing layer- a layer that prevents the penetration of sewage or groundwater and other liquids through the floor.
Screed(base under the coating) - a floor layer that serves to level the surface of the underlying layer of the floor or ceiling, give the floor covering a given slope, cover the laid pipelines, and also distribute loads over non-rigid floor layers on the floor.
Underlayment- floor layer that distributes the load on the ground.
Drainage– system of drainage of rain and subsoil waters.
Thermal insulation layer- an element of the floor that reduces the overall thermal conductivity of the floor.
soundproof layer- an element of the floor that increases the soundproofing ability of the floor.
Ground base- a layer of soil along which an underlying layer or supports under the logs are arranged.
Expansion joint- a gap in the underlying layer, screed or floor covering, providing the possibility of independent displacement of their sections.
Vapor barrier layer- a floor element located under a layer of heat and sound insulation or a screed, preventing the penetration of water vapor into them through the ceiling from the lower located room.
Environmental friendliness of the floor- the property of all elements of the floor structure not to be allocated during operation harmful substances in accordance with the requirements of sanitary standards
Heat absorption of the floor- the property of the surface of the floor covering to a greater or lesser extent to perceive heat during periodic fluctuations in the heat flux.
Non-sparking floor– the absence of sparking on the floor covering when hitting or dragging metal or stone objects on it, as well as during discharges of static electricity.
Floor antistatic– no accumulation of static electricity on the floor covering.
Floor dustlessness - the complete absence of separation of the products of wear of the floor covering, which are formed during operational impacts from the movement of pedestrians and vehicles.
Soundproofing ability of the floor- attenuation of noise when it penetrates through the floor on the floor.
slipperiness of the floor property of the surface of the floor covering, characterizing the degree of danger of movement of people on it
APPENDIX 5
recommended
FLOOR SURFACE FINISHING
1 This requirement must be met in rooms where dust separation from the floor leads to a violation of the normal operation technological equipment and automated transport with a numerical programmer.
Often, in home repairs or various renovations, when it comes to flooring, they are guided by personal knowledge and rules. This is not quite the right approach. There is a special regulatory framework that describes all processes, materials, dimensions and deviations in flooring. SNiP allows for more competent design and takes into account all the requirements that apply to floors.
The use of standards will allow you to get a more reliable foundation than that which is made according to advice or “by eye”.
Documentation
If you try to look for a general list of standards that define floor designs, technology for their arrangement, materials, then this is SNiP 2.0313-88. From this regulatory document, you can learn everything about the installation of floors, manufacturing technologies, materials. It is suitable as the main guide when carrying out work.
It is also useful to get acquainted with SNiP 3.02.01-87. It contains all the information and norms for arranging foundations and erecting capital foundations. The document also contains important information on work on the ground and construction of draft floors.
Technology
SNiP is very accessible and accurately explains the norms by gender. This documentation covers everything from start to finish. To ensure a high quality result, you only need to comply with the requirements. So, work is carried out only after leveling the soil, as well as measures to stabilize the soil on the site for the foundation. Also, before arranging the floor, all measures for laying engineering communications should be completed.
After the communications are laid, you can proceed to the arrangement of the floors. So, a damper tape is installed around the perimeter of the room, which will warn some areas of the future floor from deformation due to temperature changes.
If necessary, with the help of bedding or screeds, slopes are made, which should be on the site according to the project.
It is also very important to monitor the quality of any materials used in the process at all stages. It is very important to control and comply with the rules and conditions of installation work. This is the mode of humidity and temperature.
If elements made of wood or other materials based on it are used as the floor, then it is recommended to eliminate the risks of moistening the work site as much as possible. As for the temperature regime, for backfilling a mixture of gravel and sand, even 0°C is enough, and for polymer floors it is necessary from +15°C.
Foundation preparation according to SNiP
The document provides for maximum quality in the preparatory work. For example, if floors are planned on the ground, then according to SNiP it is recommended to remove the top fertile soil layer, and then fill the resulting pit with gravel and sand. The most optimal thickness layers - according to the regulations, it should be from 20 to 50 cm, depending on the conditions.
Variant of "pie" for floors on the ground. This filling is done in layers. Each of the layers has a thickness of 10 to 12 cm and is recessed. It is necessary to carefully seal the layers - this involves the use of special electrical, mechanical or hand tools.
If the soil is sufficiently porous, then it is removed and replaced with bulk substrate materials. With soils that do not differ in stable indicators in terms of density and bearing capacity, the concrete base must be made of cement grades from B20 to B40.
Pour the base in parts. In this case, the strip should be up to 4 meters wide. The seams that will be formed between such strips are recommended to be filled with special means.
On top of soil or concrete rough foundations are placed thermal insulation materials. The standards for this provide for bulk mixtures, such as expanded clay or perlite. In addition, it is allowed to use board materials such as polystyrene.
For bathrooms, SNiP provides for mandatory waterproofing, which is on each wall from 150 mm or more. Waterproofing is also provided in any rooms with high humidity.
If it is necessary to level the base, the use of a screed is recommended. For their arrangement, the data of SNiP should be taken into account. So, on concrete floors, the layer thickness is provided from 30 to 50 mm. With regard to tolerances, a slope of 2 mm per 2 m of the length of the screed is allowed. This is an acceptable deviation.
If the base is a concrete slab, then the screed is not made. SNiP provides for special self-leveling compounds. These mixtures are poured thin layer– from 2 mm to 20 mm.
Finish floors
AT normative documents There are data for many floor coverings. For each type finishing gender exist individual recommendations and processes.
Self-leveling polymer floors
SNiP also has modern self-leveling floors. Installation of these coatings according to this regulation can be carried out with high temperatures(up to 100 degrees Celsius). The base should be the most even concrete slab, or a high-quality, well-polished screed. The rough base must be prepared in advance with soil compositions. The top coat can be applied to the primed substrate 16 hours after the priming process.
The size of the self-leveling floor layer directly depends on the type of mixture. For polyurethane compounds - this is from 1 to 4 mm. If the floor is epoxy based, then the layer is made from 8 to 10 mm. If a reinforced polymer coating is planned, then the layer is made from 5 to 8 mm.
Rolled floor coverings
SNiP provides the following algorithm of actions. Before starting installation, the roll coating is laid out on the base, and it lies freely for up to 48 hours. After this period, all folds are straightened, and the base is cleaned of dirt and dust. The permissible level of humidity for a cement floor is 5%, for a wooden one - 10-12%.
Roll coating is glued with special adhesives. Often this process takes about 72 hours. Then you can cut and glue the edges.
SNiP is not a list of bureaucratic requirements, as professionals believe. These documents will make life much easier for those who are going to make the floors in the room. Design standards allow for minimal cost achieve high quality without errors and extra costs.
Floor screed SNiP. Structure building regulations, which include SNiP for floor screed, is currently being formed as follows: the basis is the federal law "On Technical Regulation" (No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002). This is followed by the federal law "Technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures" (No. 384-FZ of December 30, 2009)
In most cases, during the renovation of an apartment, cement strainer . On May 20, 2011, the updated set of rules SP 29.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.03.13-88 Floors" was put into effect (see Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia No. 785 of December 27, 2010). It replaced the previous rules, which were published back in 1988 (see SNiP 2.03.13-88).
Purpose and properties of the screed
1. Screeds should be used in cases where it is necessary:
- leveling the surface of the underlying layer;
- shelter of pipelines;
- load distribution over heat and sound insulation layers;
- ensuring normalized heat absorption of the floor;
- creating a slope in the floors on the overlapped yah.
2. The smallest thickness of the screed for the slope at the junction with sewer trays, channels and ladders should be: when laying it on floor slabs - 20, on a heat or sound insulating layer - 40 mm. The thickness of the screed for covering the pipelines should be 10-15 mm more than the diameter of the pipelines.
3. Screeds should be assigned:
- for leveling the surface of the underlying layer and covering pipelines - from concrete of a compressive strength class of at least B12.5 or a cement-sand mortar with a compressive strength of at least 15 MPa (150 kgf / cm 2);
- to create a slope on the floor - from concrete of compressive strength class B7.5 or cement-sand mortar with a compressive strength of at least 10 MPa (100 kgf / cm 2);
- for bulk polymer coatings - from concrete of a compressive strength class of at least B15 or a cement-sand mortar with a compressive strength of at least 20 MPa (200 kgf / cm 2).
4. Lightweight concrete of screeds, performed to ensure the normalized heat absorption of the floor, in terms of compressive strength must correspond to class B5.
5. The bending strength of lightweight concrete for screeds laid on a layer of compressible heat or sound insulating materials must be at least 2.5 MPa (25 kgf / cm 2).
6. With concentrated floor loads of more than 2 kN (200 kgf), a concrete layer should be made along the heat or sound insulating layer, the thickness of which is determined by calculation.
7. The strength of gypsum screeds (in the state dried to constant mass) must be, MPa (kgf / cm 2), not less than:
for bulk polymer coatings - 20 (200)
the rest - 10 (100)
Floor screed SNiP Permissible deviations
- Deviation of the thickness of the screed from the design - no more than 10%
- Screed for parquet, laminate, linoleum (as well as according to SP 29.13330.2011 "Floors" - for coatings on a cement-based adhesive layer): clearance when checking with a 2-meter rail - no more than 2mm
- Screed for waterproofing, clearance when checking with a 2-meter rail - no more than 4mm
- Screed for other surfaces: clearance when checking with a 2-meter rail - no more than 6mm
- Screed: deviation from the given horizontal is not more than the size of the room (in total no more than 50 mm) - 0.20%
- The screed should not have potholes, swelling and cracks. Hairline cracks are allowed.
When installing screeds, the following requirements must be met:
- Screeds laid on soundproof pads or backfills, at the junction with walls and partitions and other structures, must be laid with a gap of 20-25 mm wide for the entire thickness of the screed and filled with a similar soundproof material: monolithic screeds must be insulated from walls and partitions with strips of waterproofing materials.
- The end surfaces of the laid section of monolithic screeds, after removing the beacon or restrictive rails, before laying the mixture in the adjacent section of the screed, must be primed (see clause 4.11) or moistened (see clause 4.12), and the working seam is smoothed so that it is invisible.
- Smoothing the surface of monolithic screeds should be performed under coatings on mastics and adhesive layers and under continuous (seamless) polymer coatings until the mixtures set.
- Gluing the joints of the prefabricated fiberboard screed should be carried out along the entire length of the joints with strips of thick paper or adhesive tape 40-60 mm wide
- Laying additional elements between prefabricated screeds on cement and gypsum binders should be carried out with a gap of 10-15 mm wide, filled with a mixture similar to the screed material. If the width of the gaps between the prefabricated screed slabs and walls or partitions is less than 0.4 m, the mixture must be laid on a continuous soundproof layer
Read more about the types of screed in the article.