Guidelines for the decoration of facades in a ventilated way. Installation of a hinged ventilated facade and typical mistakes. Approved at the meeting of the department

Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture

Department of technology and mechanization of construction

METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS

FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHARTS

FOR INSTALLATION OF VENTILATED FACADES

Odessa 2007

UDC 69.022.32

The purpose of this manual is to assist students in the development of technological maps for the installation of ventilated facades in the course and graduation projects, as well as in the study of a special course of the department. The manual provides detailed recommendations on the technology of ventilated facades.

The manual is recommended for students of all forms of education and educational and qualification levels in the areas of training: 0921 "Construction", 1201 "Architecture", students of advanced training courses and retraining of specialists, graduate students and teachers.

Minutes No. 5 of February 21, 2007

Reviewers:

Klovanich S.F., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Engineering Structures, Odessa National Maritime University

Drukovaniy M.F., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Industrial and Civil Engineering, Vinnitsa National Technical University

Release Responsible:

Head of the Department of TMS, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Meneylyuk A.I.


1. GENERAL CONCEPTS ABOUT VENTILATED FA-
GARDEN SYSTEMS.................................................................. .
1.1. Ventilated facades in the general classification
"dry" methods of finishing facades
1.2. Structural and technological solutions
niya ................................................. .........................
2. STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF TECHNOLOGICAL
CARDS FOR THE DEVICE OF VENTILATED FA-
GARDEN SYSTEMS ..................................................
2.1. Application area...............................................
2.2. Organization and technology of work...
2.3. Requirements for the quality and acceptance of works. Scheme
operational control ...............................................
2.4. Calculation of labor costs and wages
you................................................. ...............................
2.5. Work schedule...................................
2.6. Material and technical resources ...............................
2.7. Safety ..................................................................
2.8. Technical and economic indicators .....................

3. EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVELOPED

TECHNOLOGY DEVICE VENTILATED

3.1.4. Occupational and environmental protection

environment and compliance with fire safety

3.4. Instructions for installation of a ventilated facade -

system with asbestos-cement lining

3.5. Structural and technological wall solutions

railing made of a cassette profile with various types of insulation and facade cladding

mat ................................................. ..............
APPENDIX 1. Task options ...............................
APPENDIX 2	Characteristics of funds
	pavement ..................................
APPENDIX 3	The main characteristics of facade
	systems .........................................

1. GENERAL CONCEPTS ABOUT VENTILATED FACADE SYSTEMS

1.1. VENTILATED FACADES IN THE GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF "DRY" METHODS OF FACADE FINISHING.

"Dry" systems mean an external protective and decorative screen formed by slab or sheet products. Such products are fixed without mortar or glue, “dry” with the help of special devices (latches, clamps, clips, clips, rivets, etc.).

As a rule, such systems are characterized by the presence of an air gap between the screen and the insulation. Such facade systems with an air gap are called ventilated facades.

Currently, there is a large selection of modern systems of dry facade finishing methods. Analysis of the information collected by the authors made it possible to classify the variety of "dry" facade technologies(rice.

Among the "dry" facade systems, ventilated facade technologies have a wider range of materials. To date, they are being introduced more often compared to the technologies of dry fastening of finishing elements directly to the wall.

They differ from each other mainly in the method of fastening the facing elements to the surface to be finished and the material from which the elements are made.

In Ukraine, many well-known projects have been implemented using facade systems presented in the classification. Their architectural capabilities

attracted the attention of construction specialists in our country and abroad.

The increase in investment in commercial and municipal construction in recent years has led to a marked increase in new construction and renovations.

It is known that the range and range of materials must meet the solvency of the customer. In the above classification of modern facade technologies, one can find an opportunity to satisfy any requirements, from the most modest to the most sophisticated.

	DRY WAYS OF FACADE FINISHING
Installation of facing elements on preliminary			Installation of facing elements
firmly installed frame structure			goods directly to the departments-
			the surface to be sculpted with
			pins, dowels, screws and
Installation of frame structures
Installation of frame structures
Installation of cladding elements using
Installation of cladding elements using				from glass
latches, clasps, clamps, clips, etc.				plastic
Cement-	Polymerpro-
Cement-	Polymerpro-	concrete slabs		personal
fibrous	sawn	with marble	concrete	siding
		placeholder		natural
				natural
natural	Ceramics-	Laminated-	Vinyl	foot stone
foot stone	whom granite	panels	siding	Vinyl
				Vinyl
	Polyurethane	glass		siding
	Polyurethane	glass
cladding from	new panels	cladding
composite				chesky ob-
materials	Profiled
	Profiled		Linear
	nyh wavy		Linear
	nyh wavy	sai-	facade
		sai-	facade	panel cassettes
			cladding
			cladding
Rice. 1.1. Classification of dry facade finishing methods

The manual presents the most popular ventilated facade systems: RUUKKI, APMProfil, SCANROC, etc. They are produced in Ukraine and abroad.

1.2. STRUCTURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS

Ventilated facades began to be used in Europe several decades ago. The main functional purpose of a ventilated facade is to protect load-bearing walls from moisture. The result of many years of practice in the use of ventilated facade systems was the emergence of the main option. Its constructive-technological scheme is shown in fig. 1.2.

To prevent the possible blowing of the insulation fibers under the action of the turbulence of the ascending air flow, it is necessary to take measures to ensure wind protection. The following ways of solving this problem are known.

One of them is the device of a windproof layer of non-combustible fiberglass . The disadvantage of this option is the insecurity of the joints between the plates. With a low density of the insulation - insufficient adhesion of the coating material to the fibers of the insulation. This can cause the canvas to peel off and block the air gap.

The second option is the application is rather harsh

fiber boards, which in themselves are already wind protection. Studies by scientists from the Scottish Institute of Occupational Diseases confirm that with an average material density of approximately 100 kg/m3

such a phenomenon as turbulence, practically does not cause emission of fibers.

Rice. 1.2. Structural and technological scheme of a ventilated facade

A certain danger in systems of ventilated facades is represented by moisture that has entered the air cavity between the screen and the inner layer of the wall (insulation). Even slight moisture can adversely affect both the thermal properties of the insulation,

and at the operation of the system as a whole, and lead in the future to the need to replace its structural elements.

There are several ways to deal with this phenomenon.

The first is the placement of a vapor-removing membrane on the surface of the inner layer of the wall. . Its disadvantages include the flammability of membranes of this type, the inability to protect building structures as effectively as insulation does, and the likelihood of membrane peeling during operation.

The second is sealing expansion joints between screen elements . It also has its drawbacks, since the service lives of sealing materials and screen elements (tiles) are different, and it is almost impossible to replace the sealant.

Third, for today, probably best option lies in the correct choice of the size of the elements of the screen and gaps. So the experiments of the Norwegian Building Research Institute gave the following result: with an air gap width of about 40 mm and a distance between the screen elements of 3 mm, drops of oblique rain do not enter the system at all due to the water film formed under the action of surface tension.

When choosing a heater for ventilated facade systems, it is necessary to take into account its physical and mechanical properties, including density.

The device of ventilated facades is made

"dry" way.

An example of the technological sequence of installation of a ventilated facade system is shown in fig. 1.3 - 1.6.

Brackets are attached to the wall of the building with anchor nuts or dowel bolts, and guides to the brackets are fastened with rivets and bolts (Fig. 1.3). For com-

to compensate for the unevenness of the building wall and ensure the ideal verticality of the guides, power (for fastening into concrete) and intermediate (for fastening into


	cellular concrete) regu-
	controlled		bracket-
		various types
	sizes.		bracket-
	we allow regulation
	horizontal
		vertical
	alignment
	designs,
	compensation
			surfaces
	main wall.
Rice. 1.3. Installing brackets		Guides
	serve to fasten
	on them facade cassettes
	set. vertical row
	mounting guides

	lower section (Fig.
	1.4). All subsequent
	the ranks are gathering
	established
			reference
	row. reference rail
Rice. 1.4. Mounting guides	the same length as
			used

	to ensure the necessary
walking distance between the rows of guides.
Connecting guides vertically

mounted on a power bracket. In this case, the lower guide is rigidly attached to the bracket, with two bolts, and

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Introduction

1. Sequence of work

2. Operational quality control

3. Material and technical resources

4. Calculation of the need for volumes of material - equipment

5. Scope of ventilated facades

6. The need for operational materials

7. Safety

8. Technical and economic indicators

List of used literature

Introduction

In accordance with the assignment for the course design issued by the Department of Construction Technology of the Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, a course project was completed on the topic: “Technological map for the installation of a ventilated facade system “APM - Profile” with facing with metal volumetric cassettes during the construction of a residential building in the city Odessa. The project was developed in accordance with the requirements of state building codes and rules and other regulatory and technical documentation. Modern technologies, materials and building systems were applied in the project, which made it possible to obtain higher strength, protective, heat-insulating, and aesthetic indicators.

Currently, there are a large number of varieties of systems, facade insulation. Such as: a system of facade insulation with a wet method, as well as ventilated facade systems with various protective, decorative, facing materials. Technologies for such systems have been developed by: CERESIT, ATLAS, RUUKKI, SCANROC APM-Profile, etc. Ventilated facades began to be used in Europe several decades ago. The main functional purpose of a ventilated facade is to protect load-bearing walls from moisture. The result of many years of practice in the use of ventilated facade systems was the emergence of the main option. Its constructive technological scheme is shown in Fig. one.

Rice. 1. Structural and technological scheme of a ventilated facade

1. End bracket;

2. Galvanized primed steel panel;

3. Aluminum bearing profile;

4. Aluminum bracket K-150;

5. Thermal pad PP;

6. Bracket remote Sd-19;

7. Bracket rotary ordinary Sp-20;

8. Rubber seal;

9. Aluminum bracket K-80.

Ventilated facades are the most efficient multi-layer systems in terms of their physical and construction parameters, having a wind and rain barrier. When installed correctly, they ensure long-term functional reliability of buildings.

The main advantages of ventilated facades include:

* Ventilated facades are the most efficient, multi-layer systems in terms of their physical and construction parameters, having a wind and rain barrier. When installed correctly, they ensure long-term functional reliability of buildings.

* Existing technologies plate production and installation technology make it possible to use facade plates for facing high-rise buildings 50 m and above.

* By separating the functions of cladding, insulation and supporting structure, complete protection of the building from adverse weather factors is achieved.

* All moisture penetrating through the open joints of the cladding is removed by the circulating air flow. Exterior walls and insulation remain dry and fully functional.

* Temperature loads of the supporting structure are almost completely eliminated. Heat loss in winter and overheating in summer are minimized. The destructive temperature loads of the supporting structure are significantly reduced. Increases the life of the building.

* Forced cold bridges are blocked, a comfortable room temperature is maintained. In regions with a hot climate, the energy consumption for air conditioning is reduced.

* Professionally installed facade systems provide additional noise protection, as well as a comfortable humidity regime of buildings.

* The use of facade systems makes it possible to save irreplaceable Natural resources(coal, oil, gas).

* Systems "APM - Profile" have sufficient mechanical strength for the perception of dynamic loads with an intensity of at least 9 points on the MSK-64 scale and can be used for buildings of mass construction in almost all areas of seismic hazard.

Economic advantages of facade systems"APM - Profile".

Controlled production costs

Long service life

Low need for technical and aesthetic care

Great energy saving potential

Technical advantages of facade systems"APM - Profile".

fire protection

Facades with the use of metal substructures manufactured by the APM-Profil plant, facing slabs and panels belonging to the class of non-combustible materials, fasteners meet the building fire safety requirements.

Anti-noise protection

The use of facade systems leads to a significant improvement in anti-noise protection. Improvement of sound insulation of enclosing structures can reach values from 5 to 14 dB.

Durability

Quality is ensured by the use of effective binders, stable dyes, precise execution of the production cycle and professional installation. Year-round construction cycle The absence of "wet" processes makes it possible to carry out work at any time of the year.

rain barrier

The structures of the facade systems "APM - Profile" reliably protect against the action of rain with wind. The first barrier is the facing board, the second is the circulating airflow within the system.

Local repair

Consequences of vandalism, accidents, etc. easily repaired by replacing the damaged lining.

energy saving

The ability to simultaneously produce facade decoration and thermal insulation of external walls.

1 . Sequence of work

Preparing the building for insulation

Prior to the start of work on the insulation of the facade and the installation of facade systems, it is necessary to conduct a complete study of the facade, on which the substructure will be mounted.

The study must necessarily include such works as: conducting a geodetic survey to obtain the dimensions of the building, identifying the type and condition of the bearing walls of the building; testing the anchor dowel, with which the structure will be attached. Whether the dowel will hold well in the wall or the wall is too old and the design of the ventilated facade will not withstand, this test determines the maximum permissible load. Based on these studies, a project is being developed for the insulation and installation of a ventilation facade for this building. The basis of the facade insulation project should contain the following: Thermal engineering assessment of the object before insulation. Based on this assessment, the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is determined. Type, thickness, location plan and fastening of thermal insulation. Heat-insulating plates are mounted close to each other. They are fastened in a checkerboard pattern so that there are no continuous joints between them, with special dish-shaped dowels. The number of dish-shaped dowels is taken according to the recommendations of the thermal insulation manufacturer.

To perform work, the building is divided into sections and the order and sequence of moving the installers from one section to another is determined. In this course project, it was decided to divide the building into 2 captures, which will be performed in parallel.

Installation of cradles

Since the residential building has 10 floors, construction and installation work will be carried out from cradles.

The AB-450/650 electric suspended cradle is a scaffolding tool for organizing workplaces at height and is designed to lift people, tools and building materials to the workplace when performing external works on the facades of buildings and structures up to 240 meters long. The cradle platform can be assembled from three modules with dimensions of 1, 2 and 3 m. The length of the cradle platform can be up to 14 meters.

Support bracket mounting

Brackets are attached to the wall of the building with anchors or dowel bolts, and guides to the brackets with rivets and bolts. Adjustable brackets are used to compensate for irregularities in the building wall and to ensure that the rails are perfectly vertical. Brackets allow you to adjust the horizontal and vertical alignment load-bearing structure, including compensation for surface irregularities of the main wall, fig. 2.

Fig.2 Mounting of bearing brackets

Installation of brackets for a vertical profile (bearing half-timbered houses) is carried out according to the project in the following sequence:

The design of structures is linked to the actual building envelope on the basis of a writ of execution, geodetic surveys, geometric measurements;

Vertical (horizontal) beacons are installed along the lines of supporting half-timbered houses with a step according to the project, along marked verticals and horizontals;

Marking of mounting holes for bearing brackets is carried out (according to the project);

Holes are drilled in the wall (with a mechanized rotary tool, impact is not allowed!);

Mounting on the wall of the base part of the supporting brackets, with a reinforcing washer previously installed inside the bracket, is carried out with anchor dowels using an electric screwdriver with a special nozzle;

A paronite gasket is placed under each base part of the bracket against the wall. (It is possible to install gaskets between the parts of the bracket);

A reinforcing washer is installed inside each bracket.

An example of a bracket is shown in Fig.3.

Fig 3. Bracket

The nozzles are placed vertically (along the previously installed beacons) and fastened using galvanized M8 bolts with nuts and washers;

On both sides, the attachment is fixed to the base part of the bracket using self-tapping screws for metal (4.2x16) along the axis bolted connection, not less than 10 mm from the lower plane of the telescopic part of the bracket.

Mounting guides

The guides are used for attaching facade cassettes to them. The vertical row of rails is mounted starting from the bottom section. All subsequent rows are assembled and installed according to the first reference row. A reference rail of the same length as the module is used to provide the required distance between the rows of rails fig.4.

Fig.4. Installation of vertical rails

1. Installation of the load-bearing fachwerks of the system is carried out on the load-bearing and auxiliary brackets. Fastening is carried out using galvanized self-tapping screws for metal (on both sides of each bracket, or on the lower shelves of the vertical profile).

3. When installing vertical profiles (framing), it is necessary to leave a temperature gap between them for the linear expansion of the profile - 10-15 mm.

4. If necessary, the connection of half-timbered houses is made with nozzles of the appropriate profile using self-tapping screws for metal (at least 4.2x16)

Insulation mount

It is necessary to make sure that there is a certificate confirming the quality and compliance of the physical and mechanical properties of the insulation (passport for the batch) with the adopted design solution.

Installation of insulation boards begins with the bottom row, which is installed on start profile, plinth (Fig. 5) or other appropriate design, and is conducted from the bottom up.

Fig.5. Plinth profile installation

In places where the plinth profile is not firmly attached to the wall, washers of appropriate thickness are installed. The plinth profiles are interconnected using plastic connecting elements. At the corners of the building, the base profiles are joined with oblique cuts (Fig. 6). Their connection must be made using plastic connecting elements.

Rice. 6. Docking plinth profiles in the corners of the building

If the insulation boards are installed in 2 rows, the seams should be tied. Insulation plates should be installed tightly to each other so that there are no voids in the seams. If voids cannot be avoided, they must be carefully sealed with the same material. The entire wall (with the exception of openings) must be covered continuously over the entire surface with insulation, the thickness established by the project. The insulation plates are fastened to the base with plastic plate-type dowels with spacer rods (Fig. 7. (a, b, c)

Rice. 7. A. drilling holes, B. fixing the dowels, C. fixing the dowels at the corners

In our case, due to the use of a wind and moisture protective film, the installed insulation boards are first attached to the base with only two dowels each plate, and only after covering several rows with a film, the remaining (two) dowels provided by the project are installed. Film panels are installed with an overlap of 100 mm.

Installation of front plates

The method of fixing slabs of natural breaded granite, Fig. 8.

ventilated facade construction building

Fig.8. Mounting plates

Facade cladding is made with slabs, the basic dimensions of which are 600x600x10mm

2. The variant of the location of the plates in the plane of the facade is determined during the development of design estimates. If it is necessary to use facade slabs of other sizes, according to the project, they are marked and sawn from the wrong side.

3. Sawing of boards should be carried out on a specialized cutting table that ensures the geometric accuracy of the work, using special sawing equipment (circular saw with replaceable cutting discs, guide and dust catcher). The cutting table must be located indoors or under a canopy, excluding the ingress of precipitation.

4. In the absence of a dust-collecting device, it is obligatory to clean the cut from dust with a dry rag or blow it with air.

Facade cassettes "Profile" are voluminous metal panels, which are a metal structure with sheets bent on four sides. They are made from a thin galvanized sheet with a polymer coating and are produced by bending on high-performance computerized equipment supplied from Finland, which makes it possible to achieve high accuracy and High Quality corners, surfaces and contour shapes.

The vertical seams of the cassettes are usually made open, but cassettes can also be joined close to each other.

The size of the vertical seam for cassettes "Profile 1000" should be no more than 30 mm. The vertical load-bearing profile made of galvanized steel does not have a colored overlay.

The size of the vertical seam for the Profile 2000 cassettes varies from 0 to 60 mm. The vertical load-bearing profile made of galvanized steel has a colored overlay.

If the width of the cassette is more than 60 mm, then the cassettes are fastened using an intermediate vertical profile.

It is recommended to drive screws into the carrier profile mechanized using an electric screwdriver with a special centering nozzle that ensures that the axis of the screw to be screwed corresponds to the center of the hole; - tight tightening of screws is not allowed. After tightening is complete,

loosen the tension of the screw by turning on the return stroke of the screwdriver 0.5-1 turn back;

Drilling points when fastening in the APM-Profile system do not need additional protection from corrosion, since the access of external aggressive influences in places of violation of the protective layer is limited by tight pinching of the connected elements with a galvanized rivet. In addition, volatile zinc compounds formed during drilling form an additional protective covering ferrous metal, (Fig.9.)

Rice. 9. Installation of natural breaded granite slab

Installation of the APM-Profile facade system must be carried out in the following sequence:

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After marking the places for mounting the brackets, proceed with their installation (Fig. 10). To do this, drill holes in the wall with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the dowel. Install the dowel in the hole and hammer anchor bolt, while providing a thermal break between the bracket and the wall using special gaskets.

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Install insulation (in the case of a ventilated facade). The insulation is installed tightly, without gaps. To fix the insulation to the wall, use special pressure disc anchors. The number of anchors is at least 5 pcs. on the square meter walls (Fig. 11).

In the case of using a windproof film together with a heater, fasten the film to the wall (through the heater) with the same dish-shaped wall anchors. Consumption of anchors for wind protection: 2-3 anchors per square meter.

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After that, you can proceed with the installation of horizontal guide profiles (Fig. 12) (section according to the project). Install plumb profiles. The number of self-drilling screws is at least 2 for each bracket. The brand of the self-tapping screw is selected depending on the thickness of the metal of the bracket and the guide profile.

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After installing the horizontal profiles, proceed with the installation of the vertical hat profiles. (Fig. 13) Mount the profiles from the left upwards (along the route of fastening the cassettes).

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Carefully measure the axial distances between the profiles. Types of profiles and their sections are determined by the project.

Then you need to install starting bar(Fig. 14). to start mounting the cassettes Simultaneously with the fastening of the strip, install an additional element for slopes and a decorative color overlay on the main vertical profiles.

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The protective film is removed from the decorative color overlay as the cassettes are mounted (Fig. 15). The film is removed first in the area of the joints of the cassettes. The film is removed from the entire surface of the cassette after the final assembly of the facade fragment (during the dismantling of scaffolding). The film does not remove well from the surface of the cassette if it has been exposed to low temperatures or summer sunlight. The recommended film removal period is no more than one month.

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It is necessary to start the installation of the facade cassette in the direction from the left upwards (Fig. 16). The lower edge of the cassette is snapped onto the starting bar, the upper edge is fixed to the vertical rails with self-drilling screws. The type of self-drilling screw is selected according to the thickness of the cassette, the vertical guide and the height of the head.

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After that, you need to install the cassette to the right of the first (starting) cassette (Fig. 17). The correct size of the vertical seam (rust) is provided by a template that is installed between the cassettes and removed after the right cassette is fixed in the design position.

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Then mount the cassette on top of the starting cassette (Fig. 18). Using a theodolite, check the correctness of the vertical edge of the first row of cassettes. In the future, check the vertical of the first row of cassettes every two vertical rows. After that, continue installation according to the above diagram.

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The places where the facade cassettes adjoin the window openings should be closed with specially made additional elements. Fastening of additional elements to the window vertical guides and to the window is carried out with special painted self-drilling screws or rivets. Additional window frame elements must provide unhindered ventilation in the air gap. For this, holes are provided in the flashings of the jumpers.

Instead of additional elements, it is possible to install corner facade cassettes (Fig. 19).

Additional elements are cut and bent in place during installation.

Do not use a tool that generates hot sparks and burns the end surface of the sheet. Drilling chips and other debris must be swept away or, if necessary, washed off immediately after the operation.

3. Operational quality control

Controlled Operations	Requirements	Ways and means of control	Control	Brought to control
Surface preparation	Free from dust, splashes, smudges and solutions	Visually		Inspector, customer representative
Drill hole depth		With the help of improvised means, anchor		Technical Supervision Inspector
Deviation of the axes of the holes for the anchor in the wall from the intended ones		Ruler measurement		Technical Supervision Inspector
Verticality of drilling holes		Plumb measurement		Technical Supervision Inspector
Degree of tightening of anchors		Master's Effort
The number of dowels for thermal insulation. stove	At least 5 pcs. on the stove	Visually		Technical Supervision Inspector
The difference between two adjacent plates	Not more than 1 mm			Technical Supervision Inspector
The presence of gaps between the heat-insulating plates	no more than 3 mm	Measurement with a ruler, meter, probe		Technical Supervision Inspector
Wind protection device		Visually		Technical Supervision Inspector
The presence of an overlap in the wind protection		Measuring instruments		Technical Supervision Inspector
For vertical guides in the wall plane: Deviation from the center axes (marks)				Technical Supervision Inspector
Perpendicular to the plane of the wall: Deviation from vertical (horizontal) Deviation from the design distance between adjacent bearing profiles		Visually, tape measure, plumb line, laser level		Technical Supervision Inspector
For a facade slab in the wall plane: Deviation from verticality Flatness deviation Ledge between adjacent slabs	±2 mm (per 3 m length) ±5 mm (per 3 m length) ±5 mm (per 1 floor)	Visually, roulette		Technical Supervision Inspector Customer Representative
For the gap between the plates: Deviation from design clearance Deviations from the design position of the gap (deviation from verticality, horizontality, from a given angle)		Visually, laser level		Technical Supervision Inspector Customer Representative
For the distance between the edge of the plate and the holes for fastening elements (rivets, screws)		Visually, roulette		Technical Supervision Inspector Customer Representative

4. Material and technical resources

Name	Brand, technical characteristics, GOST, drawing No.	Quantity, pcs.	Purpose

onboard vehicle	ZIL-432900, load capacity 6 t		Delivery of materials and structures
Automobile crane	With the weight of panels up to 50 kg KS-2571A, load capacity 6.3 t		Unloading containers with panels
Scaffolding	They are selected depending on the height of the building, the size of the working platform of the scaffolding and the permissible load		Carrying out work at height
Crane	When the weight of the panels is more than 50 kg, it is selected depending on the height of the building		Unloading and installation facing panels
Light crane or winch	Accepted depending on the means of scaffolding, lifting height, installation locations		Lifting materials and structures on scaffolding
laser level	LNA10 from Leica, visible laser with the ability to set the vertical and horizontal planes	depends on the amount of work and the number of workers from the shift	Marking and alignment of frame elements
	Length from 2 to 3m		To measure the distance between frame elements
Perforator	With the ability to use drills with a diameter of up to 28 mm, a power of at least 740 W, a blow frequency of 5800 beats / min and an energy of up to 2.6 J.		Drilling holes in the wall for expansion type anchors and plastic dowels. Tightening expansion type anchors
Torque wrench	with interchangeable heads		tightening nuts and bolts
Bench hammer	GOST 2310-77		Driving insulation dowels
Rail template	1.5 m long		Setting the gap between panels
squares	GOST 3749-74		Determination of wall roughness, slope deviations
	GOST 9416-83
	GOST 2578-90		Checking for uneven

5. Calculation of the need for volumes of material and equipmentI

Justification of the norm	Job Title	unit of measurement	Scope of work	Norm of time per unit of measure man-hour mach.-h.	Labor costs for the entire scope of work, man-days machine-see	Price per unit of measurement, UAH	Labor cost for the entire scope of work, UAH	The composition of the link according to the norm

	Installation and removal of suspended cradles:	1 installation						Installer
	Electric winch installation: reattachment;							Installer
	Drilling holes with a puncher at the rate of 5 holes per 1m 2 in the wall brick	100 pcs.						Installer
	Installation of brackets at the rate of 5 pcs per 1 m 2 of the facade							Installer
	Fastening insulation boards with dowels							Thermal insulator
	Wind barrier device							insulator 3 bits - one;
	Installation and alignment of the guide at the rate of 3.6 kg per 1 m 2 of the facade							Installer Driver
	Installation of the connecting bolt for fastening the bracket and guide at the rate of 6 pcs per 1 m 2 of the facade							Installer
	Facing panel installation:							Installer 3rd category - 2
	Installation of window metal-plastic blocks							Installer Driver

6. Area approxchanges

The technological map was developed for finishing a ventilated facade using the APM-Profile system for a residential 10-storey building, with plan dimensions of 20.6 * 63.2 m. The height of one floor is 2.8 m. The technological map is made taking into account the requirements of normative and technical documentation in construction.

7. The need for operational materials

Total facade area

S f.o. =2224.64 m2

Area of window and door openings

Net area of facade finishing

The cradles are installed up to the roof, evenly distributed along the plane of the facade. The number of cradles is 13.

The area of the insulated surface is 2183 m2

The weight of the insulation is equal to the product of the area of the insulation by its thickness and by the density of the insulation

2183Ch0.1Ch0.25= 54.575t

Drilling holes with a perforator. The number of holes is equal to the number of dowels

Number of dowels

Number of connecting bolts

8. Safety

Work on the installation of thermal insulation of wall enclosing structures is carried out in compliance with SNiP III - 4-80 * "Safety in construction", "Fire safety rules in the production of construction and installation work". The operating instructions for the machines and equipment used must be followed. All vehicles must be in good condition.

The machines, equipment and technological equipment used in the construction and installation works, according to their technical characteristics, must comply with the conditions for the safe performance of work.

The organization of the construction site, work sites and workplaces must ensure the safety of workers at all stages of the work.

When organizing a construction site, placing work sites, workplaces, passageways for construction machines and vehicles, passages for people, zones dangerous for people should be established, within which hazardous production factors constantly operate or can potentially operate.

Dangerous zones must be marked with safety signs and inscriptions of the established form.

The zones of permanent hazardous production factors should include the following zones:

Close to non-insulated live parts of electrical installations;

The zones of potentially active hazardous production factors should include:

Land plots near the building; floors (tiers) of buildings in one grip, over which the installation of structures takes place.

At the boundaries of zones of permanent hazardous production factors, protective protective fences, and zones of potentially active hazardous production factors - signal fences or safety signs.

Construction and installation work must be carried out using technological equipment (scaffolding), collective protection equipment and construction hand tools.

The procedure for the development and testing of technological equipment and protective equipment must be observed taking into account the relevant regulatory documents.

Scaffolding and other devices that ensure the safety of work must comply with the requirements of this chapter, GOST 27321-87, GOST 24258-88 and GOST 28012-89.

The means of scaffolding must have smooth working platforms with a gap between the boards of not more than 5 mm, and if the flooring is located at a height of 1.3 m or more, fences and side elements. Overlapping of decking boards is allowed only along their length, and the ends of the joined elements must be located on the support and overlap it by at least 0.2 m in each direction.

The surface of the soil on which the scaffolding is to be installed must be planned, compacted and ensured the removal of surface water from it.

Scaffolding must be attached to the wall of the building. The places and methods of fastening are indicated in the project for the production of works.

Scaffolding and scaffolding above 4 m - after acceptance by a commission appointed by the head of the construction and installation organization, and registration by an act.

When accepting scaffolding and scaffolding, the following should be checked: the presence of ties and fasteners that ensure stability, the attachment points of individual elements, working platforms and fences, the verticality of the racks, the reliability of the support platforms and grounding).

When performing work from scaffolding with a height of 6 m or more, there must be at least two decks: working (upper) and protective (lower), and each workplace on the scaffolds adjacent to a building or structure must, in addition, be protected from above by a deck, located at a height distance of not more than 2 m from the working platform.

During the dismantling of scaffolding adjacent to the building, all doorways of the first floor and exits to the balconies of all floors (within the area being dismantled) must be closed.

When performing insulation works (heat-insulating,) with the use of materials that emit harmful substances, it is necessary to ensure the protection of workers from exposure to harmful substances.

Mineral wool boards should be delivered to the place of work in packages, observing conditions that exclude spraying.

The use of primary fire extinguishing equipment for household and other needs not related to fire extinguishing is not allowed. Fire extinguishers should always be kept in good condition, periodically inspected, checked and recharged in a timely manner. When arranging fire extinguishers, it is necessary to fulfill the condition that the distance from a possible source of fire to the location of the fire extinguisher should not exceed 20 m. winter time fire extinguishers should be stored in heated rooms, on the doors of which there should be an inscription "Fire extinguishers".

It is prohibited to carry out cladding and insulation works using combustible materials simultaneously with welding and other works using open fire.

When laying combustible materials, as well as when using equipment that has an increased fire hazard, standard safety signs should be hung out.

At the work site, the amount of combustible materials (insulation) should not exceed the estimated need. At the end of the estimate, it is necessary to inspect the workplaces and bring them into a fire-fighting condition. Do not leave unused combustible material inside and on the coverings of the building, on the means of paving, in fire breaks.

If a fire or signs of burning are detected, it is necessary to immediately inform the fire service about this, take all possible measures to evacuate people, extinguish the fire and ensure the safety of property.

In the event of a fire:

* de-energize equipment and power tools;

* announce a fire alarm;

* call the fire brigade;

* inform management;

* start extinguishing the fire with the help of regular fire extinguishing equipment.

In case of violation of the technological process:

* stop working;

* notify other workers of the danger;

* leave the danger zone;

* inform management about the incident;

* protect the danger zone;

* It is allowed to continue work only after the elimination of the violation with the permission of the work manager.

In the event of an accident:

* stop working, turn off the power tool;

* provide first aid to the victim;

* call an ambulance;

* inform management about the accident;

* ensure the safety of the scene of the incident without changes until the end of the work of the investigation commission, if this does not threaten the spread of the accident and the health of other workers.

9. Technical and economic indicators

Normative labor costs of workers (man-hours) - 1939.35

Duration of work - 80.5 days

Output of one worker per shift, В р = 0.81

Labor costs per 1m 2 walls - 0.89

The cost of labor costs per 1 m 2 of the wall (UAH / m 2) -32.37

Wages of workers (UAH) - 70675.58

B p \u003d S /? T \u003d 2183 / 1939.35 \u003d 1.126

where: S - area of insulated walls, m 2;

T - total labor intensity

Labor costs per 1 m 2 of insulated wall, T e

T e \u003d? T / S \u003d 1939.35 / 2183 \u003d 0.89

The cost of labor costs for insulation of 1m 2 walls, C e

С e \u003d С / S \u003d 70675.58 / 2183 \u003d 32.37

where: C is the total cost of labor costs.

List of used literature

1. Guidelines on the development of technological maps for the finishing of facades in a "dry" way with insulation. Odessa, 2007

2. Guidelines for implementation term paper"Application of new technologies in construction" at the rate "Technology of construction". Odessa, 2003

3. DSTU B V.2.7-8-94 “Business materials. Plates pіnopolіstyrolnі. 4. Technical mind.

4. DSTU B V.2.6-36:2008 “Facade systems for heat-insulating and succulent lining with plastering”

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Advantages and disadvantages of using a hinged ventilated facade

What is the advantage of such a seemingly complex and, therefore, expensive façade finishing system? Primarily, this design does not allow condensation to accumulate either on the surface of the wall or inside it. The air gap is a kind of temperature buffer, thanks to which the facades do not freeze through in winter and do not overheat in summer, and this helps to significantly reduce heating and air conditioning costs. Snow, rain, hail and other realities of our difficult climate do not violate the integrity of the cladding, which, by the way, cannot be said about the most common finishing material - plaster. Properly installed hinged facade will last more than 50 years.

The system of hinged facades allows finishing buildings of rather complex shapes. In the hinged cladding, you can embody any designer fantasies. But some elements are too labor intensive.

And yet, despite the obvious advantages, ventilated facades have not yet become widespread in suburban construction. Many are put off by the seeming high cost. Yes, 1 m² of such cladding will cost at least 2,000 rubles, and if you use natural stone, the price can reach 6,000 rubles. and even more. But it is important to consider that the operation will not cost anything. As practice shows, after 5-10 years, the hinged facade fully pays for itself.

Of course, a curtain wall system will only work if it is well designed and well installed. Theoretically, a ventilated facade system should be included in the design of the house, so that there is time for calculating the supporting structure and ordering facing slabs. But in practice, this is not always the case. Often it is necessary to “dress” an already rebuilt building in a hinged finish. In this case, the material of the walls must be taken into account. Support brackets for metal purlins hold best in concrete and solid brick. Things are a little worse with hollow bricks. But cellular concrete will require the selection of special and, as a rule, expensive fasteners. To finish walls made of loose, porous materials, it is more expedient to choose a system of “wet” facades (plastering or tiling).

To minimize the work of trimming the slabs, it is important to accurately calculate the size of the module (cell) when designing the facade system. It is by no means equal to the size of the panel itself. It is necessary to take into account gaps with a width of 5 to 10 mm (depending on the type of cladding).

We also note that facing tiles of small sizes (300 x 300 or 400 x 400 mm) are not economically viable - too many fasteners will be required for its installation. Yes, and such a wall does not look very good - the facade of the house will resemble a sheet of a school notebook in a box. A tile of 600 x 600 mm is considered optimal, but it is important to consider that this is an average size. The actual spread from different manufacturers is from 595 x 595 to 610 x 610 mm. Having given preference to a particular collection, you should find out its exact parameters.

1. Brick wall; 2. Bracket (bracing fasteners); 3. The gasket is thermally insulating; 4. Anchor dowel; 5. Main horizontal profile; 6. Main vertical profile; 7. Vertical intermediate profile; 8. Klyammer ordinary; 9. Klyammer starting; 10. Heat-insulating material (insulation); 11. Hydro-windproof vapor-permeable membrane; 12. Thermal insulation fasteners (plastic dish-shaped dowel); 13. Facing tiles; 14. Exhaust rivet.

Ventilated facade fixing systems

Detailed consideration requires the choice of fasteners. As you know, there are two mounting systems - hidden and open.

The first option is metal clamps covering the plate from above and below. The second is anchor bolts that are inserted into non-through holes drilled in the slab and open there like flower petals.

Sometimes mounting elements do not spoil the appearance of the cladding, but, on the contrary, add expressiveness to it.

The use of a hidden fastening system is far from always justified: for example, in areas of the facade that carry a high aesthetic load. And the point is not only that this fastener costs twice as much as the visible one. If the tile fixed in this way is damaged, the entire vertical row will have to be disassembled for repair. Replacing a cladding unit that has been installed openly is uncommonly easier.

Clamps painted to match the color of the tiles are almost invisible on the facade

Poor quality fasteners lead to the loss of facing tiles.

Heaters for suspended ventilation facades

The next important issue is the choice of thermal insulation. Only insulation can be placed under the hinged cladding, which has a technical certificate from the Gosstroy of Russia, allowing its use specifically in ventilated systems. Mineral wool is considered optimal in all respects. The use of non-core materials (for example, glass wool) will lead to the fact that the insulation is saturated with moisture, becomes heavier and settles, reducing or even blocking the air gap.

For guard thermal insulation material only a special vapor barrier membrane can be used

If you try to protect the thermal insulation with polyethylene or foil (that is, materials that do not allow vapor to pass through), then this will not only not solve the problem, but will also disrupt the operation of the ventilated facade, which, as you know, should “breathe”. The insulation can only be covered with a special one-sided vapor barrier membrane: it will pass the moisture released by the walls to the outside, but prevent atmospheric moisture from penetrating inside.

In addition to the insulation, an important role in providing thermal protection is played by thermal breaks - gaskets installed between the brackets and the wall. They must be made of materials with a low thermal conductivity: polypropylene, polyamide, comatex, etc. Paronite gaskets are not allowed, since it does not have thermal insulation properties.

Sometimes installers use special seals that are designed to dampen vibrations and keep the cladding from lateral shift. But their use leads to a decrease in the period of maintenance-free operation of the system, since the seals have a short working life (about 10 years). The reduction of vibration and the exclusion of lateral shift of the facing panels must be ensured by the design of the fasteners.

Installation of ventilated facades

Unfortunately, even the most competent project of a ventilated facade can be nullified by poor-quality installation. The most common mistake is a violation of the geometry of the facade. The cladding should be even, even if the relief of the walls is far from ideal. In addition, the panels should not move relative to the vertical and horizontal axes.

Paradoxical as it may seem, a very common mistake is to install fasteners directly into the masonry seam of wall elements.

Installation of a ventilated facade. The surface of the cladding must be perfectly flat, with exact observance of the thickness of the seams.

Failure to comply with the normative thickness of the seam leads to the fact that the tiles begin to put pressure on each other, crack and fly off. And if the tile is mounted with a deviation from the plane, it will be noticeable in sunlight.

Many builders sin by non-compliance with the standard thickness of the seam. Installed end-to-end, the tiles, due to temperature deformations, begin to put pressure on each other, crack and fall out. And the insulation, in the absence of proper ventilation, gets wet, freezes and slides off the walls. Too large a gap between the cladding panels will lead to excessive wetting of the thermal insulation by atmospheric precipitation.

Particular attention should be paid to the design of window openings.

Now on the Russian market there are many types of hinged facades. Unfortunately, many domestic manufacturers follow a simple path, exactly copying foreign systems. Meanwhile, what works well in the mild climate of Germany or France may not survive our long winters. The thickness of the insulation (and hence the distance from the cladding to the wall of the building) in Russian weather conditions should be significantly higher than in Europe.

In addition, some companies, in an effort to reduce the cost of the system, often use dubious materials in the construction, in particular galvanized steel, which is poorly protected from corrosion. The best metals for ventilation facades lathing are stainless steel and aluminum. But for fixing plates, especially heavy ones, only stainless steel is suitable. Aluminum brackets do not have the necessary strength.

All documents presented in the catalog are not their official publication and are for informational purposes only. Electronic copies of these documents can be distributed without any restrictions. You can post information from this site on any other site.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD FOR THE INSTALLATION OF A VENTILATED FACADE WITH COMPOSITE PANELS

TK-23

Moscow 2006

The technological map was prepared in accordance with the requirements of the “Guidelines for the development of technological maps in construction”, prepared by the Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute for Organization, Mechanization and Technical Assistance to Construction (TsNIIOMTP), and based on the structures of ventilated facades of NP Stroy LLC.

The technological map was developed for the installation of a ventilated facade using the FS-300 structural system as an example. The technological map indicates the scope of its application, outlines the main provisions for the organization and technology of work during the installation of elements of a ventilated facade, provides requirements for the quality of work, safety, labor protection and fire prevention measures, determines the need for material and technical resources, calculates labor costs and Work schedule.

The technological map was developed by candidates tech. Sciences V. P. Volodin, YL. Korytov.

1 GENERAL

Hinged ventilated facades are designed for insulation and cladding with aluminum composite panels of external enclosing structures during the construction of new, reconstruction and overhaul existing buildings and structures.

The main elements of the FS-300 facade system are:

load-bearing frame;

Thermal insulation and wind and hydroprotection;

Cladding panels;

framing completion facade cladding.

A fragment and elements of the FS-300 facade system are shown in figures , - . Explication to the drawings is given below:

1 - bearing bracket - the main bearing element of the frame, designed for mounting the bearing regulating bracket;

2 - support bracket - an additional element of the frame, designed for fixing the support adjusting bracket;

3 - load-bearing adjusting bracket - the main (together with the load-bearing bracket) load-bearing element of the frame, designed for "fixed" installation of the vertical guide (bearing profile);

4 - support adjusting bracket - an additional (together with the support bracket) frame element designed for movable installation of a vertical guide (bearing profile);

5 - vertical guide - a long profile designed for fastening the cladding panel to the frame;

6 - sliding bracket - fastening element designed to fix the facing panel;

7 - exhaust rivet - fastener, intended for fastening the carrier profile to the carrier adjusting brackets;

8 - set screw - a fastener designed to fix the position of the sliding brackets;

9 - locking screw - a fastener designed for additional fixation of the upper sliding brackets of the panels to the vertical guide profiles in order to avoid shifting of the facing panels in the vertical plane;

Rice. one.Fragment of the facade of the system FS-300

10 - locking bolt (complete with a nut and two washers) - a fastener designed to install the main and additional frame elements in the design position;

11 - thermally insulating gasket of the carrier bracket, designed to level the working surface and eliminate "cold bridges";

12 - thermally insulating gasket of the support bracket, designed to level the working surface and eliminate "cold bridges";

13 - cladding panels - aluminum composite panels assembled with fasteners. They are installed with the help of sliding brackets (6) in the "spacer" and are additionally fixed from the horizontal shift with blind rivets (14) to the vertical guides (5).

Typical dimensions of sheets for the manufacture of cladding panels are 1250×4000 mm, 1500×4050 mm (ALuComp) and 1250×3200 mm (ALUCOBOND). In accordance with the requirements of the customer, it is possible to vary the length and width of the panel, as well as the color of the coating of the front layer;

15 - thermal insulation from mineral wool boards for facade insulation;

16 - wind and hydroprotective material - a vapor-permeable membrane that protects the thermal insulation from moisture and possible weathering of the insulation fibers;

17 - plate dowel for fastening thermal insulation and membrane to the wall of a building or structure.

Facade cladding frames are structural elements designed to decorate a parapet, plinth, window, stained glass and door junctions, etc. These include: perforated profiles for free air access from below (in the basement) and from above, window and door frames, self-bent brackets, flashings, corner plates, etc.

2 SCOPE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SHEET

2.1 A typical flow sheet has been developed for the installation of the FS-300 hinged ventilated facade system for cladding the walls of buildings and structures with aluminum composite panels.

2.2 For the scope of work performed, the facing of the facade of a public building with a height of 30 m and a width of 20 m was taken.

2.3 The scope of work considered by the technological map includes: installation and dismantling of facade lifts, installation of a ventilated facade system.

2.4 Work is performed in two shifts. 2 units of installers work per shift, each on its own vertical grip, 2 people in each unit. Two facade lifts are used.

2.5 When developing a typical flow chart, it was accepted:

walls of the building - reinforced concrete monolithic, flat;

the facade of the building has 35 window openings with dimensions of each - 1500 × 1500 mm;

panel size: П1-1000×900 mm; П2-1000×700 mm; П3-1000×750 mm; П4-500×750 mm; U1 (corner) - H-1000 mm, V - 350 × 350 × 200 mm;

thermal insulation - mineral wool boards on a synthetic binder 120 mm thick;

air gap between the thermal insulation and the inner wall of the front panel - 40 mm.

When developing a PPR, this typical technological map is tied to the specific conditions of the object with clarification: specifications of the elements of the supporting frame, cladding panels and framing of the facade cladding; thermal insulation thickness; the size of the gap between the heat-insulating layer and the cladding; scope of work; calculation of labor costs; volume of material and technical resources; work schedule.

3 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

PREPARATORY WORK

3.1 Prior to the start of installation work on the installation of a ventilated facade of the FS-300 system, the following preparatory work must be carried out:

Rice. 2. Scheme of organization of the construction site

1 - fencing of the construction site; 2 - workshop; 3 - material and technical warehouse; 4 - working area; 5 - the boundary of the zone dangerous for finding people during the operation of facade lifts; 6 - open storage area for building structures and materials; 7 - lighting mast; 8 - facade lift

Inventory mobile buildings are installed at the construction site: an unheated material and technical warehouse for storing elements of a ventilated facade (composite sheets or panels ready for installation, insulation, a vapor-permeable film, structural elements of a supporting frame) and a workshop for manufacturing cladding panels and framing the completion of facade cladding in construction conditions;

They inspect and assess the technical condition of facade lifts, mechanization tools, tools, their completeness and readiness for work;

In accordance with the project for the production of works, facade lifts are installed on the building and put into operation in accordance with the Operation Manual (3851B.00.00.000 RE);

On the wall of the building mark the location of the beacon anchor points for the installation of load-bearing and support brackets.

3.2 Facing composite material is delivered to the construction site, as a rule, in the form of sheets cut to the design dimensions. In this case, in the workshop on the construction site, with the help of hand tools, blind rivets and cassette assembly elements, facing panels are formed with fasteners.

3.3 It is necessary to store sheets of composite material at the construction site on beams up to 10 cm thick laid on level ground, with a step of 0.5 m. If the installation of a ventilated facade is planned for a period of more than 1 month, the sheets should be shifted with slats. The height of the stack of sheets should not exceed 1 m.

Lifting operations with packed sheets of composite material should be performed using textile tape slings (TU 3150-010-16979227) or other slings that prevent injury to the sheets.

Do not store the cladding composite material together with aggressive chemicals.

3.4 In the event that a facing composite material arrives at the construction site in the form of finished facing panels with fastening, they are placed in a pack in pairs, with their front surfaces facing each other so that adjacent pairs are in contact with their rear sides. Packs are placed on wooden linings, with a slight slope from the vertical. The panels are laid in two rows in height.

3.5 The marking of the installation points of the bearing and supporting brackets on the wall of the building is carried out in accordance with the technical documentation for the project for the installation of a ventilated facade.

On the initial stage determine the beacon lines for marking the facade - the lower horizontal line of the installation points of the brackets and the two extreme vertical lines along the facade of the building.

The extreme points of the horizontal line are determined using a level and marked with indelible paint. two extreme points, using a laser level and a tape measure, determine and mark with paint all the intermediate points for installing the brackets.

With the help of plumb lines lowered from the parapet of the building, vertical lines are determined at the extreme points of the horizontal line.

Using facade lifts, mark with indelible paint the installation points of the bearing and support brackets on the extreme vertical lines.

MAIN WORKS

3.6 When organizing the production of installation work, the area of \u200b\u200bthe facade of the building is divided into vertical grips, within which work is performed by different parts of the installers from the first or second facade lifts (Fig.). The width of the vertical grip is equal to the length of the working deck of the facade lift cradle (4 m), and the length of the vertical grip is equal to the working height of the building. The first and second units of installers working on the 1st facade lift, alternating in shifts, carry out sequential installation work on the 1st, 3rd and 5th vertical grips. The third and fourth units of installers working on the 2nd facade lift, alternating in shifts, carry out sequential installation work on the 2nd and 4th vertical grips. The direction of work is from the basement of the building up to the parapet.

3.7 For the installation of a ventilated facade by one link of workers from two installers, a replaceable grip equal to 4 m 2 of the facade is determined.

3.8 Installation of a ventilated facade starts from the basement of the building on the 1st and 2nd vertical grips simultaneously. Within the vertical grip, installation is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Rice. 3. Scheme of splitting the facade into vertical grips

Legend:

Direction of work

Vertical clamps for the 1st and 2nd units of installers working on the first facade lift

Vertical clamps for the 3rd and 4th sections of installers working on the second facade lift

Part of the building on which the installation of the ventilated facade is completed

Cladding panels:

P1 - 1000 × 900 mm;

P2 - 1000 × 700 mm;

P3 - 1000 × 750 mm;

P4 - 500 × 750 mm;

U1 (corner): H=1000 mm, H=350×350×200 mm

Marking the points of installation of bearing and support brackets on the wall of the building;

Fastening sliding brackets to guide profiles;

Installation of ventilated facade cladding elements to the outer corner of the building.

3.9 Installation of the frame of the facade cladding of the plinth is carried out without using a facade lift from the ground (with a plinth height of up to 1 m). The parapet tide is mounted from the roof of the building at the final stage of each vertical grip.

3.10 The installation points of the bearing and support brackets on the vertical grip are marked using beacon points marked on the extreme horizontal and vertical lines (see), using a tape measure, a level and a dyeing cord.

When marking the anchoring points for the installation of bearing and supporting brackets for the subsequent vertical grip, beacons serve as the points of attachment of the bearing and supporting brackets of the previous vertical grip.

3.11 For fastening to the wall of the bearing and supporting brackets, holes are drilled at the marked points, the diameter and depth corresponding to the anchor dowels, which have been tested for strength for this type of wall fencing.

If a hole is drilled in the wrong place by mistake and it is required to drill a new one, then the latter must be at least one depth of the drilled hole from the wrong one. If this condition cannot be met, the method of fastening the brackets shown in Fig. four.

Holes are cleaned from drilling waste (dust) with compressed air.

Rice. 4. Mounting unit for supporting (supporting) brackets if it is impossible to attach them to the wall at the design drilling points

The dowel is inserted into the prepared hole and knocked out with a mounting hammer.

Thermal insulation pads are placed under the brackets to level the working surface and eliminate "cold bridges".

The brackets are fastened to the wall with screws using an electric drill with adjustable speed and appropriate screwing nozzles.

3.12 The device for thermal insulation and wind protection consists of the following operations:

Hanging on the wall through the slots for the brackets of the insulation boards;

Hanging on the heat-insulating plates of the panels of the wind-hydroprotective membrane with an overlap of 100 mm and their temporary fixing;

Drilling through the insulation and the wind and hydroprotective membrane of holes in the wall for dish-shaped dowels in full according to the project and installing the dowels.

The distance from the dowels to the edges of the heat-insulating plate must be at least 50 mm.

The installation of heat-insulating plates starts from the bottom row, which are installed on the starting perforated profile or plinth and mounted from the bottom up.

The plates are hung in a checkerboard pattern horizontally next to each other in such a way that there are no through gaps between the plates. Permissible size of an unfilled seam - 2 mm.

Additional heat-insulating plates must be securely fixed to the wall surface.

To install additional thermal insulation boards, they must be cut with a hand tool. Breaking the insulation boards is prohibited.

During installation, transportation and storage, thermal insulation boards must be protected from moisture, contamination and mechanical damage.

Before starting the installation of heat-insulating plates, the removable grip on which the work will be carried out must be protected from atmospheric moisture.

3.13 Adjusting carrier and support brackets are attached to the carrier and support brackets, respectively. The position of these brackets is adjusted in such a way as to ensure the vertical alignment of the deviation of the wall irregularities. The brackets are fixed with bolts with special stainless steel washers.

3.14 Fastening to the adjusting brackets of the vertical guide profiles is carried out in the following sequence. The profiles are installed in the grooves of the regulating bearing and support brackets. Then the profiles are fixed with rivets to the bearing brackets. In the supporting adjusting brackets, the profile is installed freely, which ensures its free vertical movement to compensate for temperature deformations.

In the vertical joints of two successive profiles, to compensate for thermal deformations, it is recommended to maintain a gap of 8 to 10 mm.

3.15 When adjoining to the plinth, the perforated flashing is fastened with a corner to the vertical guide profiles using blind rivets (Fig. ).

3.16 Installation of cladding panels starts from the bottom row and leads from the bottom up (Fig. ).

Sliding brackets (9) are installed on the vertical guide profiles (4). The upper sliding bracket is set to the design position (fixed with the set screw 10), and the lower one - to the intermediate one (9). The panel is put on the upper sliding brackets and by moving the lower sliding brackets it is installed “into the spacer”. The upper sliding brackets of the panel are additionally fixed with self-tapping screws from vertical shift. From the horizontal shift, the panels are also additionally attached to the supporting profile with rivets (11).

3.17 When installing cladding panels at the junction of vertical guides (bearing profiles) (Fig. ), two conditions must be observed: the top cladding panel must close the gap between the bearing profiles; the design value of the gap between the lower and upper facing panels must be exactly maintained. To fulfill the second condition, it is recommended to use a template made of a wooden square bar. The length of the bar is equal to the width of the cladding panel, and the edges are equal to the design value of the gap between the lower and upper cladding panels.

Rice. 5. Junction to the plinth

Rice. 6. Installing the cladding panel

Rice. 7. Installation of cladding panels at the junction of load-bearing profiles

Rice. 8. Mounting unit for cladding panels on the outer corner of the building

3.18 The connection of the ventilated facade to the outer corner of the building is carried out using a corner facing panel (Fig. 8).

Corner cladding panels are manufactured by the supplier-manufacturer or at the construction site with the dimensions specified in the façade design.

The corner cladding panel is attached to the supporting frame by the above methods, and to the side wall of the building - using the corners shown in Fig. 8. A prerequisite is the installation of anchor dowels for fixing the corner cladding panel at a distance of at least 100 mm from the corner of the building.

3.19 Within the interchangeable grip, the installation of a ventilated facade that does not have junctions and window frames is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking of anchoring points for the installation of load-bearing and support brackets on the wall of the building;

Drilling holes for installing anchor dowels;

Fastening to the wall of bearing and supporting brackets using anchor dowels;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Fastening to the bearing and supporting brackets of the adjusting brackets with the help of locking bolts;

Fastening to the adjusting brackets of the guide profiles;

Installation work is carried out in accordance with the requirements specified in paragraphs. - and pp. and this technological map.

3.20 Within the interchangeable grip, the installation of a ventilated facade with a window frame is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking anchor points for installing load-bearing and support brackets, as well as anchor points for attaching window frame elements to the building wall;

Fastening to the wall of the elements of the substructure of the window frame ();

Fastening to the wall of load-bearing and supporting brackets;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Fastening to the bearing and support brackets of the adjusting brackets;

Fastening to the adjusting brackets of the guide profiles;

Fastening the window frame to the guide profiles with additional fastening to the frame profile (Fig. , , );

Installation of facing panels.

3.21 Within the interchangeable grip, the installation of a ventilated facade adjoining the parapet is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking of anchoring points for installation of load-bearing and supporting brackets to the wall of the building, as well as anchoring points for attaching the parapet flashing to the parapet;

Drilling holes for installing anchor dowels;

Fastening to the wall of bearing and supporting brackets using anchor dowels;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Fastening to the bearing and supporting brackets of the adjusting brackets with the help of locking bolts;

Fastening to the adjusting brackets of the guide profiles;

Installation of facing panels;

Fastening the parapet tide to the parapet and to the guide profiles ().

3.22 During breaks in work on a replaceable grip, the insulated part of the facade that is not protected from atmospheric precipitation is covered with a protective polyethylene film or in another way to prevent the insulation from getting wet.

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

4.1 The quality of the ventilated facade is ensured by the current control of the technological processes of preparatory and installation work, as well as during the acceptance of work. According to the results of the current control of technological processes, certificates of examination are drawn up hidden works.

4.2 In the process of preparing the installation work, check:

Readiness of the working surface of the facade of the building, structural elements of the facade, means of mechanization and tools for installation work;

Material: galvanized steel (sheet 5 > 0.55 mm) according to GOST 14918-80

Rice. 9. General form window frame

Rice. 10. Adjacent to the window opening (lower)

horizontal section

Rice. 11. Adjacency to the window opening (side)

* Depending on the density of the building envelope material.

Rice. 12. Adjacency to the window opening (upper)

vertical section

Rice. 13. Node junction to the parapet

The quality of the supporting frame elements (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of brackets, profiles and other elements);

The quality of the insulation (dimensions of the plates, the absence of gaps, dents and other defects);

The quality of the cladding panels (dimensions, absence of scratches, dents, bends, breaks and other defects).

4.3 In the process of installation work, they check for compliance with the project:

Facade marking accuracy;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for dowels;

Accuracy and strength of fastening of bearing and support brackets;

Correctness and strength of fastening to the wall of insulation boards;

The position of the adjusting brackets that compensate for the unevenness of the wall;

The accuracy of the installation of the supporting profiles and, in particular, the gaps at the points of their joining;

The flatness of the facade panels and the air gaps between them and the insulation boards;

The correctness of the arrangement of frames for the completion of the ventilated facade.

4.4 When accepting work, the ventilated facade is inspected as a whole and especially carefully the frames of the corners, windows, basement and parapet of the building. Defects found during the inspection are eliminated before the facility is put into operation.

4.5 Acceptance of the assembled façade is documented by an act with an assessment of the quality of work. The quality is assessed by the degree of conformity of the parameters and characteristics of the mounted facade specified in the technical documentation for the project. Attached to this act are certificates of examination of hidden works (according to).

4.6 Controlled parameters, methods for their measurement and evaluation are given in Table. one.

Table 1

Controlled parameters

Technological processes and operations	Parameters, characteristics	Tolerance of parameter values	Method of control and tool	Control time
Facade marking	Marking Accuracy	0.3 mm per 1 m	Laser level and level	In the process of marking
Drilling holes for dowels	Depth h, diameter D	Depth h more than the length of the dowel by 10 mm; D+ 0.2 mm	Depth gauge, inside gauge	During drilling
Mounting brackets	Accuracy, strength	According to the project	Level, level	In the process of fastening
Insulation wall mount	Strength, correctness, humidity no more than 10%		moisture meter	During and after fixing
Fixing the adjusting brackets	Compensating for uneven walls		Visually
Fastening guide profiles	Gaps at joints	According to the project (at least 10 mm)		In progress
Fastening of facing panels	Deviation of the facade surface plane from the vertical	1/500 of the height of the ventilated facade, but not more than 100 mm	Measuring, every 30 m along the width of the facade, but at least three measurements per received volume	During and after installation of the facade

5 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

5.1 The need for basic materials and products is given in table 2.

table 2

Name	unit of measurement	The need for 600 m 2 of the facade (including the total area of windows 78.75 m 2)
Installation of the supporting frame:
carrier bracket
support bracket
load-bearing adjustment bracket
support adjusting bracket
vertical guide
sliding bracket
blind rivet 5×12 mm (stainless steel)
set screw
locking bolt M8 complete with washer and nut
locking screw
window mount bracket
Thermal insulation and wind protection device:
insulation
dowel dowel
windproof film
Installation of facing panels
cladding panel:
П1 - 1000×900 mm
П2 - 1000×700 mm
П3 - 1000×750 mm
П4 - 500×750 mm
U1 - outer corner, H - 1000 mm, AT- 350×350×200 mm
perforated profile (plinth)
framing adjunctions to the window opening:
lower (L - 1500 mm)
side (L = 1500 mm)
top (L = 1500 mm) pcs.
top cladding panel (parapet assembly)

5.2 The need for mechanisms, equipment, tools, inventory and fixtures is given in table 3.

Table 3

Name	Type, brand, GOST, drawing No., manufacturer	Specification	Purpose	Quantity per link
Facade lift (cradle)	PF3851B, CJSC "Tver Experimental Mechanical Plant"	Working platform length 4 m, load capacity 300 kg, lifting height up to 150 m	Production of installation work at height
Plumb, cord		Length 20 m, weight 0.35 kg	Measurement of linear dimensions
Lever-end screwdriver no one	Profi screwdriver INFOTEKS LLC	Reversible lever
Manual impact wrench		The tightening torque is determined by race couple	Screwing/unscrewing nuts, screws, bolts
Electric drill with bits for screwing	Interskol DU-800-ER	Power consumption 800 W, maximum drilling diameter in concrete 20 mm, weight 2.5 kg	Drilling holes and screwing screws
Hand riveting tools	Riveting tongs "ENKOR"		Rivet installation
Battery riveting gun	Battery riveter ERT 130 "RIVETEC"	Rivet force 8200 N, stroke 20 mm, weight with battery 2.2 kg	Installation of blind rivets
Scissors for cutting metal (right, left)	Scissors manual electric VERN-0,52-2,5; metal shears "Master"	Power 520 W, cutting thickness of aluminum sheet up to 2.5 mm; right, left, size 240 mm	Cutting of cladding panels
			Dowel driving
Protective gloves for laying thermal insulation		split	Work safety
Fences for inventory areas of work	GOST 2340-78			Location in fact
Safety belt
Construction helmet	GOST 124.087-84	Weight 0.2 kg		8.6 Workplaces, if necessary, must have temporary fences in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.059-89 “SSBT. Construction. Protections are protective inventory. General technical conditions". 8.7 The construction site, work sites, workplaces, driveways and approaches to them at night must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046-85 “SSBT. Construction. Lighting standards for construction sites. Illumination should be uniform, without blinding effect of lighting devices on workers. 8.8 When installing a ventilated facade using a facade lift, the following requirements must be met: The area around the projection of the lift on the ground must be fenced. The presence of unauthorized persons in this area during operation, installation and dismantling of the lift is prohibited; When installing the consoles, it is necessary to fix a poster with the inscription “Attention! Consoles are being installed"; Before attaching the ropes to the consoles, it is necessary to check the reliability of the ropes on the thimble; The fastening of the ropes to the consoles must be checked after each movement of the console; Ballast consisting of counterweights, after being installed on the console, must be securely fastened. Spontaneous dropping of ballast must be excluded; When carrying out work on the lift, posters “Do not remove the ballast” and “Dangerous for the life of workers” must be fixed on the consoles; The lifting and safety ropes must be securely tensioned with weights. When the lift is in operation, the weights must not touch the ground; Weights and ballast elements (counterweights) must be marked with their actual weight. The use of bulk weights and counterweights is prohibited; Work on the lift must be carried out only in helmets; The entrance to the cradle of the lift and the exit from it must be carried out only from the ground; When working in the cradle of the lift, the worker must necessarily use a safety belt with its fastening to the handrails of the cradle. 8.9 During the operation of the lift, it is prohibited: Perform work on the lift at a wind speed of more than 8.3 m/s, during snowfall, rain or fog, as well as at night (in the absence of the necessary lighting); Use a faulty lift; Overload the lift; More than two people on the lift; Carry out welding work from the lift cradle; Work without covers of winches and catchers. 8.10 Design development of issues related to ensuring the safety of work considered in this map is not required.

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Guidelines for the decoration of facades in a ventilated way. Installation of a hinged ventilated facade and typical mistakes. Approved at the meeting of the department

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1 GENERAL

2 SCOPE OF TECHNOLOGICAL SHEET

3 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

5 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES