More and more often, buyers began to give preference to shower cabins without a pallet. Such a shower saves the budget enough. It is easy to keep clean. It fits perfectly into different interior while saving an impressive space. The introduction of such a shower is more practical for pensioners and people with limited needs.
Drainage of water in such showers is carried out through a special drain integrated into the floor and is called a ladder. A ladder is a necessary component for a shower that does not have a tray. There are three types of such a design: horizontal, vertical and wall-mounted.
The horizontal drain is suitable for ordinary residential apartments in high-rise buildings, where the water drain system is carried out horizontally. This creates desired slope at the point where the water drains. If you need to know diving ladders, then write us an email on the site, or in the form feedback or by dialing the phone number listed on the website.
Vertical will be convenient for private houses, where there is enough space to install such a ladder.
The wall ladder is the most expensive of those offered. And the cost speaks for itself. Wall drains have a high throughput water at a rate of up to about forty liters per minute. This ladder is easy to install.
The shape and type of the product affects the draining ability. By connecting a high siphon, you will increase the higher outflow of water into gutter.
The ladder comes with two types of shutters - with water and dry. The aqua variant is more common due to its simplicity. The plug that keeps debris out of the gutter is the water itself. Using a drain with a water seal, you will get constant dampness in the room, which is not very good and can lead to the growth of fungus and mold. Drains with dry seals have a specific valve, through which the water will be connected completely.
Shower drains available for purchase different kind. The plastic ladder is very convenient in own application, it is easy to clean. It withstands heavy loads and is not susceptible to bad detergents and cleaners. From above it is equipped with a protective lattice.
The metal ladder is suitable for industrial companies. Due to its own significant weight, it has a complex installation. Such a ladder passes an impressive stream of water and has long term applications. Such ladders can be used in swimming pools.
ladders from of stainless steel easy to maintain, so they are preferred to be installed in kindergartens, catering places and hospitals.
The choice of a ladder and its installation should be taken seriously, because it is difficult to remove it. We'll have to break part of the floor and screed. For problems and questions regarding diving ladders, you can get advice from the managers of our company by sending a letter to the mail, also in the feedback form on the website, as well as by dialing the numbers indicated in the contacts.

working check )

make an external inspection, make sure that there are no visible damages;

check the presence of a seal (brand) and the alignment of the arrow with the zero mark. Make sure that the verification period is not overdue.

Pressure gauges received from the warehouse must be disinfected before being installed in a regular place.

Maintenance annual :

to carry out disinfection;

to calibrate pressure gauges in organizations (laboratories) of the state metrological service.

Diving ladder

Maintenance on downhill days ( working check ):

check by external inspection the condition of fasteners, steps and handrails; make sure that the steps are in good condition and the ladder is securely fastened;

clean the steps and railing of the ladder from dirt, snow, ice and oil.

Maintenance annual :

perform everything related to the working check;

if defects (cracks, damage, wear) are found, they must be eliminated;

check the tightening of bolted connections;

clean the ladder from dirt, rust and paint.

Rules for storage and maintenance during storage of diving equipment

Diving equipment and means of providing diving descents and works located at the diving station must be complete, serviceable and ready for use for the descent of divers at any time.

To ensure the serviceability of diving equipment and descents, the requirements prescribed by the operating instructions and the Rules for their placement and storage must be met.

On ships with full-time divers and equipped with posts for descents, diving equipment must be stored in the diving post. The room should have a convenient exit to the deck, be dry, heated, allowing it to place all diving equipment and tools necessary for diving operations, and also be suitable for dressing divers preparing to descend.

It is prohibited to store property and materials that are not related to diving equipment in the premises of the diving post.

Part of the diving equipment and means of providing diving descents (hoses, helmets, telephone cables, trigger, running and signal lines) can be stored on the upper deck in a sheathed form.

On ships where there is no diving station, a diving storeroom that meets the requirements for storing diving equipment must be equipped to store the property of diving stations.

In such cases, a room should be provided to accommodate diving equipment during descents of divers from the shore, from the ice, from the mooring wall. The room must be dry, heated, allowing to place all diving equipment and tools in it. Where this is impractical, a mobile diving booth is installed. At diving stations, where it is not possible to equip a closed room, diving equipment can be placed in chests, boxes, waterproof bags or bags.

Warehouses where diving equipment is stored should be clean, spacious, and ventilated. The temperature in warehouses should be maintained within the range of 5 to 30°C, and the air humidity within 50--60%.

Tools, spare parts and equipment parts should be placed on special racks. Corroded parts should be wrapped in oiled rags or waterproof paper.

Items of diving equipment and means of providing diving descents that were in use should be stored in warehouses separately from new ones.

Diving equipment and means of providing diving descents stored at the diving post must be complete, serviceable and ready for use. Faulty diving equipment, property and instruments should be stored separately from serviceable ones and marked "out of order".

It is forbidden to store diving equipment and equipment in the same room with materials that are not related to the property of diving stations, as well as together with fuels and lubricants.

Diving equipment and descent aids that are not in use must be stored in warehouses.

Rubber parts of the equipment in all cases of placement and storage must be covered from impact. sun rays and fuels and lubricants, and when in the premises - be located no closer than 2 m from heating appliances.

Cylinders with technical and medical oxygen on ships are usually stored separately. When joint storage in one room various gases cylinders must be placed and secured section by section, and be appropriately marked (eg "medical oxygen", etc.).

Chemicals, oxygen pumps, instrumentation and gas analysis instruments are placed and stored in separate rooms. On objects where it is not possible to allocate for these purposes separate room, appropriate partitions are made. It is prohibited to store other equipment in the indicated premises.

To ensure safety, diving shirts, diving suits and diving suits must be thoroughly washed after descents. fresh water, dried inside and out and hung on hangers. The safety valves of diving shirts should be removed, dried and stored separately.

It is allowed to store diving shirts and wetsuits (wetsuits) folded after drying. At long-term storage diving shirts, wetsuits (wetsuits) should be dried and repacked once every 3 months.

Diving helmets after descents should be washed with fresh water, wiped with a dry cloth and placed in assembled to regular positions.

After the end of the descents, the diving hoses must be cleaned of dirt, washed clean water, purged with air, dried, laid in a bay with a diameter of at least 1 m for wooden gratings, in metal baskets or on views and sheathed.

Diving breathing apparatus with open circuit breathing after the end of diving descents, it is necessary to wash it with clean fresh water, remove dirt and oil stains from them. Especially carefully should be washed apparatus after immersion in sea water.

In the breathing machine of a diving breathing apparatus, it is necessary to open the internal cavity, rinse it with fresh water, dry it and collect

Diving breathing apparatus with an open breathing circuit stored at a diving station should be charged with air to working pressure. If descents are not carried out in them long time, they are monthly recharged with compressed air.

The metal parts of the equipment (weights, galoshes, knives) after the descent must be cleaned of contamination, washed and placed in their regular places. After drying, leather products and parts should be lubricated with technical petroleum jelly

The trigger, running and signal ends must be dried after the descents, rolled into coils or wound on views and covered

Diving thermal protective clothing (sets of woolen diving underwear, insulation, fur socks, stockings, etc.) must be well dried after descent. It should be stored in lockers or cabinets in the diving post. In case of soiling, underwear and woolen products must be washed or subjected to dry cleaning. When divers are found to have skin or infectious diseases their underwear and thermal protective clothing are disinfected in disinfection chambers.

Diving telephone exchanges after the end of descents should be disconnected from the power sources, and blind covers should be screwed onto the socket plugs.

The telephone cable together with diving hoses or the signal cable must be dried, rolled up and covered with a cover. Auxiliary cables and cords must be put away in a box. When stored for a long time, the telephone and microphone should be removed from the diving helmet and placed in a box along with telephone equipment.

After use, diving pumps should be wiped well, and their unpainted metal parts should be lightly greased with petroleum jelly. Dive pumps should be stored under canvas covers.

The tool used in the performance of diving operations must be wiped with a rag, dried, lubricated and put away in regular places. Lifting gear equipment must be brought to its original position and unfastened in the stowed position.

Dismantling, conservation and storage of diving equipment and means for descents and work must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the operating instructions for specific products.

The condition of the stored diving equipment, means of providing diving descents and works should be checked once every 3 months

Disinfection and cleaning of diving equipment and diving descents

Disinfection of diving equipment and means of providing diving descents in order to prevent infectious diseases in divers is carried out in the following cases:

upon receipt from warehouses or from other organizations before use;

after an annual full inspection;

after repair;

when infectious or skin diseases divers who used the equipment;

periodically, after a set number of descents during operation;

before each descent when using the same equipment by different persons.

Alcohol consumption rates for disinfection of diving equipment and means of providing diving descents, as well as the frequency of disinfection are defined in the Rules.

Units and parts of diving equipment to be disinfected are thoroughly cleaned and washed with boiled water cooled to a temperature of plus 40 - 50 ° C and wiped dry with a clean rag. For better cleaning soapy water is used first, then clean.

Disinfection of breathing bags, regenerative cartridges, breathing machines, gearboxes, hoses, pipelines, etc. is carried out by pouring alcohol.

Disinfection of helmets, masks, half masks, mouthpieces, flanges and collars of shirts, etc. is carried out by rubbing with swabs soaked in alcohol.

Tampons are made from clean rags or gauze. It is forbidden to use cotton wool for the manufacture of tampons when disinfecting equipment.

Units and parts of diving equipment and means of providing diving descents, disinfected by pouring alcohol, after disinfection must be purged with air and thoroughly dried, and disinfected by wiping - wiped with clean dry swabs. After disinfection, there should be no residues of rags or gauze on the assemblies and parts.

After descending into water contaminated with domestic sewage, a diving shirt, diving suit, breathing apparatus, hoses and other parts of diving equipment and diving descents should be washed with clean water and soap, then wiped or washed with a 1% bleach solution, again rinse with clean water and wipe with a clean cloth.

Disinfection of the hose line is carried out indiscriminately and in the following order: washed with boiled water at a temperature of plus 40 - 50 ° C, blown with air; then pour the prescribed amount of alcohol and blow the hoses with air, after which boiled water is again poured into the hoses and again blown with air.

The valve box of the respiratory apparatus is dismantled, washed with boiled water at a temperature of plus 40 - 50 ° C, wiped with a rag and a swab dipped in alcohol. When assembling, it is necessary to ensure that there are no pieces of rags or gauze left on the cross, valve seat and on the valve itself, which can violate the tightness of the valves.

The inhalation and exhalation tubes and the breathing bag are washed with boiled water, after which they are disinfected with alcohol by pouring it inside and evenly distributing it over inner surface.

After treatment with alcohol, the tubes and breathing bag are washed with boiled water and dried.

Breathing machine, reducer, oxygen supply mechanism, valve, starter, cut-off valve, feed mechanism, flushing machine, switch, etc. dismantled, the parts are washed with alcohol and dried.

Regenerative cartridges are washed with fresh water, dried and disinfected with alcohol, pouring it inside and evenly distributing it over the inner surface. The remaining alcohol is removed and the boxes (cartridges) are washed with boiled water and dried.

The gas supply panel (control panel) is degreased with alcohol, for which the diving hoses are disconnected from the panel and the shut-off valves are closed, the pressure gauges of high and low pressure, and alcohol is poured into the pipelines and the remote control is left in this position for 10-15 minutes. After that, open the shut-off valves and purge all lines with air.

The air and oxygen lines of the complexes are degreased with alcohol. To do this, the lines that can be removed are removed, one end is muffled and the line is filled with alcohol. On lines that cannot be removed, they plug all openings through which alcohol can leak, and pour alcohol into the line. In this position, the line is maintained for 10-15 minutes, after which all the plugs are removed and the air lines are purged with air, the oxygen lines with nitrogen or helium.

Pipelines of high and low pressure diving breathing apparatus removed, one end is muffled and the pipelines are filled with alcohol. In this position, the pipelines are kept for 10-15 minutes, after which the plugs are removed and the air apparatus is purged clean air, and devices designed to use oxygen - nitrogen or helium.

Diving woolen underwear, insulation and warm clothes worn by divers during descents under water must be washed at least after 15 descents. In the event of infectious or skin diseases in divers, all these items of warm clothing, as well as suits for electric and water heating, are handed over for disinfection.

Disinfection of a three-cylinder diving pump is carried out in the process Maintenance in accordance with the instructions for use of the pump. diving ventilated equipment repair

If the compartments of the decompression pressure chambers are contaminated, they are disinfected soapy water followed by washing with fresh water at a temperature of plus 40-50 °C. After removing water from the chamber, it is wiped dry with a clean cloth.

The alcohol used for disinfection is drained into the sanitary-fan system or delivered to the warehouse in the prescribed manner.

1. Diving ladders. The design of diving ladders should provide:

horizontal position steps when installing the ladder in working position;

the distance of the steps of the ladder from the side of the ship is at least 20-25 cm;

non-slip and easy to clean from dirt, snow and ice the surface of the steps;

installation of a ladder at an angle of 20-30° to the vertical (for descents in swimming equipment with foot fins - 10-15°);

fastening the ladder on the platform or on board the ship, preventing the possibility of spontaneous displacement or fall of the ladder;

the possibility of holding hands on the handrails or railing of the ladder when leaving the ladder (entrance to the ladder).

There must be handrails along the entire length of the ladder at least on one side, and when descending in equipment with foot fins, one rigid handrail in the center is allowed, convenient for grabbing with hands when moving along the ladder and exiting the ladder (entrance to the ladder).

The ladders must have the following parameters:

2 Descent diving arbor. The design of the gazebo should include:

a platform with a size of at least 800x800 mm for one diver with a non-slip surface and holes (slots) for the free passage of water;

railing with a height of at least 1100 mm with three horizontal bars and lining in the lower part with a height of at least 100 mm;

railing posts 1900-2000 mm high with a device for arbor sharpening;

additional handrails made in such a way as to exclude the possibility of injury to divers' hands in case of accidental impacts on the ship's hull or underwater objects;

a seat for each diver;

a device for sharpening a diver by the helmet - taking "on a hanger" - under water independently.

The railing must open on one side. It is not allowed to make railings from chains and steel ropes, except for the opening side.

3. Decompression diving arbor. The design of the gazebo should provide for the presence of two branches of a vegetable rope with a circumference of at least 60 mm with a breaking load of the rope as a whole of at least 500 kgf and balusters made of wood hard rock first grade, not less than 25 mm thick, not less than 115 mm wide, 800-1000 mm long. A ballast weighing at least 30 kg must be attached to the bottom of the gazebo. The descending vegetable ropes must be marked every 3 m.

4. Working diving arbor should provide accommodation for two or three divers. In addition to the elements provided for in the composition of the descending diving arbor, the working arbor must have:

devices (at least two) for securely fixing the gazebo at the place of work;

a platform with a size of at least 800x800 mm for placing a diving tool.

5. Trigger end should:

be made of a vegetable or synthetic rope with a circumference of at least 60 mm and not more than 75 mm with a breaking load of the rope as a whole of at least 500 kgf;

maintain strength when wet;

keep mechanical properties at temperatures from minus 55 to plus 40 °C;

have a ballast weighing at least 30 kg attached to the trigger end.

6. running end should:

be made of vegetable or synthetic rope with a circumference of at least 30 mm;

have a fire for the convenience of holding it in your hand.

7. Signal end should:

be made of a vegetable or synthetic rope with a circumference of 30-50 mm with a breaking load of the rope as a whole of at least 300 kgf;

be marked every 3 m;

have a device (carbine, fire) for attaching to the diver.

8. Control end should:

be made of vegetable or synthetic rope with a circumference of at least 20 mm;

have a buoy with a buoyancy of at least 5 kgf;

be marked every 3 m.

The length of the control end should be 20% greater than the depth of the divers' navigation area.

All ends used must not be made from ropes that have been spliced ​​or spliced ​​by other means.

9. Hose cable should:

securely using durable hemp benzels to connect into a single bundle, as a rule, hoses for supplying a diver with a breathing gas mixture and hot water, as well as communication and lighting cable;

be marked every 3 m;

have retaining rings at a distance of 5, 10, 15 m from the end attached to the equipment.

DIVING DEVICES AND ACCESSORIES

Devices for descent and ascent of a diver

A ladder along which a diver in equipment descends into the water and rises out of the water is called a diving ladder. Depending on the place of underwater work, one end of the ladder can be fixed on the ship, on the shore, on ice, etc. Diving ladders are usually made of metal or wood and have handrails. The height of the ladder should be such that the diver standing on the last step is under water. The distance between the steps should not exceed 25 cm.

Diving ladders are used at shallow and medium depths. At great depths, special hoisting devices are used.

The trigger end is intended for the descent and ascent of the diver. It is made from a vegetable or synthetic cable with a circumference of 50-65 mm. The root end is fixed near the ladder. A weight of 40 kg is attached to the other end, which is lowered to the ground when preparing the diver for descent.
If the diver has to work in a fast current, the weight of the load is increased. Descent of a diver without a trigger line, even at shallow depths, is strictly prohibited.

The running end is intended for movement and orientation of the diver under water. A rope with a length of 5 to 15 m, a circumference of 50 mm is attached to the eye of the load of the trigger end. The second end of the rope has a fire, for which the diver holds when working in muddy water, in a fast current, when surveying the water area, as well as when passing into the flooded compartments of the vessel.

The tail end is designed to lower the diver under the ship's hull during a short inspection of the latter. The tail end is made of a synthetic or vegetable cable, which is brought from the bow of the vessel under the hull.

To work under the ship's hull, a bed ladder is used (Fig. 20), made from a conventional storm ladder, to the se-
the middle of which is attached a load that increases the sagging, which makes it easier to drag the ladder under the bottom.
The descent gazebo (Fig. 21, a) is designed to lower the diver from the high-sided vessel or the walls of the hydraulic structure. Closed (protective) gazebos (Fig. 21.6) are used when inspecting hydraulic structures and determining filtration.
The decompression arbor (Fig. 21, c) is intended for decompression of a diver working at great depths.

Decompression chambers(Fig. 22) are intended for decompression, training before descents to great depths and for the treatment of occupational diseases of divers. According to their purpose, decompression chambers are divided into working chambers, in which divers alone or in groups undergo decompression and train before descending to great depths, and therapeutic chambers.

Any chamber can be used as a medical chamber if it has at least two compartments with a pressure of 10 kgf/cm2. The compartments, the prechamber and the actual chamber are not the same in volume.

The first (smaller) compartment is necessary for the entry and exit of a medical worker without disturbing the pressure, decompression mode in the second (larger) compartment.

Cameras are installed indoors. When installed on an open deck or on the shore, they are covered with awnings and equipped with an irrigation system.

The chambers are equipped with devices for oxygen decompression, pneumatic expansion of the flanges of diving shirts, closed-type heating pads and tapping tables.

Decompression chambers are subjected to tests: air annually and hydraulic once every ten years.

Rice. 22. Decompression chamber:
1 entrance hatch of the prechamber; 2, b - inlet valves; 3, 5 - external pressure gauges; 4 - valve for equalizing pressure in the compartments; 7 - outdoor lamp; 8 - prechamber lamp; 9 - gateway; 10 - internal pressure gauge; 11 - telephone; 12 - table; 13 - couch; 14, 16 - air duct valves; 15 - entrance hatch of the chamber; 17 - seat

Brand: Pamir

Diving ladder is manufactured by the company Aluminum structures PAMIR.

The diving ladder is designed for safe and comfortable descent and ascent of divers from the ship into the water and back. The ladder is fixed to specially designed butts welded to the deck.

The ladder consists of two flights of stairs connected by hinges. On the upper flight there are folding handrails, ears, for attaching the ladder to the deck of the vessel and a folding stop for supporting the ladder against the side of the vessel. At the point of contact between the stop and the deck, the stop is equipped with a softening element. The lower march can be equipped with a platform. The steps of marches are made of special aluminum profile with large ribs to provide anti-slip. All ladders are tested at the manufacturer with an excess of the rated load by 20%.

The main parts of the product are made of AD31T1 and AMg alloys. The hinge joints are made of stainless steel. This provides lightness of construction and high corrosion resistance.

Technical characteristics of diving ladders: