Which septic tank to choose for a private house and cottage with permanent residence. Which septic tank to choose: rating of the best wastewater treatment plants Septic tanks for country houses variety
Evgeny Sedov
When hands grow from the right place, life is more fun :)
To save yourself from the need to inhale odors from cesspools, it makes sense to buy a septic tank for a private house, having previously studied its features and giving preference to a specific variety. The device will save the residents of the house from any trouble. With the constant residence of a large number of people on the territory of a private house, the drain pit simply cannot cope with the task and it will need an assistant, who can become a septic tank.
What is a septic tank
Private houses or country cottages differ from ordinary apartments the fact that there is no central sewage system and the use of a special device will be required to remove household water. A septic tank is a sealed container in which liquid waste accumulates. The function of biological treatment is available to some models, but they cannot be classified as full-fledged treatment facilities.
What is it needed for
Owners country houses when arranging sewerage, they must ensure the treatment of effluents, taking into account sanitary norms and soil characteristics. A reliable option would be a septic tank, also called a septic tank, whose function is to accumulate and purify waste leaving the premises. It passes impurities through itself, not allowing it to penetrate the soil. Before you make a septic tank in a private house, you should understand its structure and operation.
Device
When building a cottage, special attention must be paid to the arrangement autonomous sewerage, since there is no central one according to the project. The device of a septic tank in a private house allows you to solve problems with the removal of household waste and their cleaning. The work is carried out in three stages:
- Sewerage from a private house is collected in sealed plastic containers of a local treatment plant.
- Inside the septic tank, particles are separated into heavy and light particles. The former settle at the bottom of the well, while the latter enter the next compartment.
- Aerobic purification is not always possible, so anaerobic purification often occurs. Impurities are filtered, and the formed methane is removed by means of an exhaust pipe.
Types of septic tanks for a private house
Local treatment facilities divided into two large groups - old and new. The first group is represented by brick septic tanks and reinforced concrete structures. These types for private houses are used less frequently due to time, power and material costs. However concrete structures considered to be more durable. The new ones include ready-made plastic septic tanks for the home, which have several more subspecies. Of the undoubted advantages, one can single out the cheapness, practicality of plastic, and the lightness of the product.
Cumulative
Manufacturers of septic tanks installed in private homes understand that it is impossible to do without a sewer system, so they offer wide selection. The use of special tanks often becomes a solution to the problem. A storage septic tank is a container where household water flows through pipes, pumped out as it fills. Calculations of the volume of liquid must be made independently and, based on this, order a storage tank right size. This option has a number of features:
Bioseptic
secure yourself comfortable life for permanent residence in a private house without sewerage is impossible. Bioseptic with the help of special bacteria solves the problem of cleaning Wastewater, giving a kind of guarantee of soil safety. The process looks like this:
- Sewage enters the first chamber of a popular septic tank, undergoing primary treatment there. There is a separation of large particles and fats that settle on the bottom.
- Waste is sent to the second tank of the three-chamber septic tank, where cleaning continues more actively.
- The sludge enters the first chamber, and the treated effluents enter the third, where the final and main stage takes place.
- Completely purified water through the secondary sump enters the well.
With post-treatment
Waste that has passed through the septic tank cannot be counted completely clean water, which can be dumped into a pond or soil. Sometimes soil cleaning is indispensable. The design of a treatment plant for a private house depends on various parameters: the characteristics of wastewater and soil. Soil filtration is more costly, as you will need to install:
- absorbent trench;
- sand and gravel filter;
- filter well;
- filter fields.
Septic tanks for the home
It is not easy to make a choice from the assortment available for sale. Initially, the eye falls on those devices that are cheap:
- Name: KNS Unipump Sanivort.
- Price: 11328 rubles.
- Characteristics: the device pumps out sewage, accumulating them in the tank.
- Pros: low price.
- Cons: small capacity.
More serious septic tanks installed in private homes are many times more expensive. However, they are often worth it:
- Title: EcoProm Rostock.
- Price: 55900 rubles.
- Characteristics: design containing a biological filter for wastewater treatment.
- Pros: high degree of purification.
- Cons: large dimensions.
There are entire autonomous stations for deep biological treatment. In a private house, they will be appropriate:
- Name: Unilos Astra 3.
- Price: 66300 rubles.
- Characteristics: container for collecting and filtering sewage, occurring in several stages.
- Pros: Easy to use, does the job well.
- Cons: none.
The cost of installing a septic tank
Retail and online stores are full of sales, promotions and discounts. Before you install a septic tank to filter waste in a private house, you need to purchase it. It is not recommended to order delivery by mail, it is better to use the services transport company. You can buy a septic tank for a house, depending on its variety, at a price of 12,000 to 70,000 rubles. However, buying is half the battle. Installation costs may vary.
How to choose a septic tank for a private house
The market for devices for organizing the sewerage of a private house is wide and offers devices for every taste. Regions keep up with big cities such as Moscow and St. Petersburg. However, it is necessary to approach the choice of materials responsibly so as not to have problems in the future. It is necessary to initially calculate the volume of waste and the place for installing the structure. Which septic tank to choose for a private house will depend on the length of stay:
- If your goal is to move to private house on an ongoing basis, it is better to opt for a bioseptic. This will provide better wastewater treatment.
- Those who come to a private house for the weekend or for summer period you can limit yourself to a storage septic tank. The design is simple, does not require electricity, but involves the periodic emptying of the tanks.
Video
Septic tanks are built or installed in cases where it is not possible to connect the sewer networks of a private country house or cottages to the central collector. The device is designed for the accumulation and purification of wastewater discharged from the house. When designing a local sewage system, special attention should be paid to the selection of a septic tank model.
In the old days, no one thought about organizing basic amenities for a country private house or summer cottage. However modern people do not consider it necessary to sacrifice comfort, preferring to combine life in nature with the usual level of convenience. Therefore, today most owners of a suburban property are building a local sewerage system with a septic tank installed.
Classification of septic tanks
Varieties of treatment plants that can be used for a country private house are usually classified according to several criteria. So, according to the method of work, the following types of septic tanks can be distinguished:
- accumulative;
- equipped with a soil filtration system;
- with deep biological cleaning.
According to the material of manufacture are divided into:
- Reinforced concrete - prefabricated and monolithic;
- brick;
- metal;
- Plastic.
Depending on the shape and location, the following septic tank options are available:
- Horizontal;
- Vertical.
The location of the chambers allows us to distinguish two groups of treatment plants for summer cottages:
- Underground;
- Surface.
Besides, local systems sewers can be volatile and operate without power supply.
Types of septic tanks depending on the type of work
Selection should be carried out depending on how much effluent will need to be processed daily.
storage type
Cesspool or storage septic tank is an improved version cesspool. This device is a container in which effluents from the house are accumulated.
A modern storage tank is a sealed septic tank in which wastewater is accumulated and stored until it is cleaned. Tanks are cleaned as they are filled with the help of sewage equipment.
Advice! Accumulators should be used where the volume of effluents is small, for example, in summer cottages where it is not planned to live permanently. Otherwise, sewer maintenance will be too expensive.
With soil post-treatment
For a country private house in which residents live permanently and, at the same time, regularly use water supply, it is better to install an overflow septic tank. The features of this installation are as follows: the water in the tanks not only accumulates, but also undergoes purification.
Such models have to be cleaned much less frequently, as a rule, the services of vacuum trucks in this case are required every two to three years.
Advice! To increase the period between two cleanings, it is recommended to use special additives– . The use of such preparations can significantly reduce the amount of solid waste.
The main disadvantage that these treatment facilities have is that a septic tank cannot be built on a site with clay soil, as well as where groundwater is too high. Such features suburban area will not allow building normally working filtering fields.
With deep biological treatment
Modern septic tanks of deep biological treatment can be used in almost any conditions. Including where groundwater is high. In such treatment facilities, water is purified by almost one hundred percent, so it does not need additional treatment and can be discharged onto the ground or into a reservoir. The advantages it has biological septic tank:
- High level of wastewater treatment.
- Possibility of installation even in areas with "heavy" soils or at high GWL.
- Complete absence of odors during operation of the installation.
- Ease of installation. Stations are issued ready to work, their installation takes only 1-2 days.
The disadvantages of these installations include a relatively high price. However, this waste can be considered as profitable investment, because during operation additional costs practically does not occur.
Another conditional disadvantage is the need to connect the station to the power supply. In those holiday villages where the supply of electricity is unstable, such an installation will not be able to work, in such cases, non-volatile septic tanks should be purchased.
Types of septic tanks depending on the material of manufacture
Now let's figure out what septic tanks are, depending on the material used to make the chambers.
Made of plastic and fiberglass
Models made industrial way, made of durable polymer materials- plastic and fiberglass. Their advantages:
- 100% tightness;
- Light weight. Such models are easy to install without involving construction equipment.
- Corrosion resistance. Plastic is able to withstand the impact of aggressive environments and operation in difficult weather conditions.
The disadvantages of such models include what is also an advantage, namely, a small mass. This factor greatly facilitates the installation process, but at the same time creates a risk that the container will be crushed during ground movements, or simply float up, completely destroying the system.
To avoid these risks, plastic septic tanks are installed in pits with concrete walls and bottom. In addition, they use the anchoring technique - they fix the container with nylon straps to the mounts built into the concrete bottom.
from brick
If it is decided to build a brick septic tank for a private house, then pits should first be prepared required size. When laying out the walls of the chambers, the same principle is used that is used when laying the walls “in one brick”.
The main disadvantage that a brick septic tank has is insufficient tightness. Therefore, the chambers need waterproofing, for this the walls are overwritten from the inside and outside cement mortar.
Advice! For additional waterproofing outside, you can use penetrating mastic.
The advantages include the availability of materials and relatively simple installation without the use of technology.
From reinforced concrete
The following types of septic tanks are built from reinforced concrete:
- Monolithic. For construction, they dig a pit, then arrange a formwork, which is poured with mortar.
- Made. In this case, are used finished goods- well rings made of reinforced concrete.
Both of these options allow you to create reliable and durable treatment facilities.
Advice! If you plan to build a septic tank from well rings, then attention should be paid to waterproofing the joints so that the chambers are completely sealed.
From metal containers
I must say that a metal septic tank is not the most the best way for a private house, since metal containers are susceptible to corrosion, and therefore cannot last for a long time. Use the same for chambers of capacity from of stainless steel irrational, since such a treatment plant will be too expensive.
From improvised materials
In cottages that are not equipped with a complete set of plumbing, you can install the simplest home-made septic tank, since the volume of drains in such houses is small. For example, you can build a septic tank from barrels using plastic containers volume of 200-250 liters.
Such a septic tank, consisting of two chambers and filtration fields, will completely cope with the volume of effluents generated in the country house, equipped with wash basins and a shower, provided that they are used by no more than 3 people.
Another simple option is a septic tank made of tires. In this case, the chambers are assembled from old tires stacked on top of each other from trucks or tractor. The advantage of such a treatment plant is its low cost. After all, used tires can be obtained for free.
Types of septic tanks depending on the location of the tanks
Depending on how the chambers are located, vertical and horizontal septic tanks are distinguished. If a vertical septic tank is being built, then the chamber is like a barrel with a hatch in the upper part. When choosing this option, you will have to make a pit of considerable depth, but small in area.
In the event that it is planned to install a horizontal septic tank, then the container will look like a cistern in which several hatches are made. In this case, it will be necessary to dig a less deep pit, but its area will be larger.
Thus, there are most different types septic tanks. Each owner of a summer house or a country house will be able to choose a model that suits him in terms of performance, cost and quality of wastewater treatment.
In the absence of the possibility of connecting to a centralized sewage line, the owners of country houses have to take care of the arrangement local systems wastewater treatment. Help with this without affecting environment, maybe septic tanks. There are many types of such devices. Therefore, those who decide to install a local sewage system in their area have a question about whether to choose.
The main classification of systems for the disposal of wastewater from a private house is based on the principle of operation.
- Storage tanks are the easiest option. They are sealed containers. In these containers, sewage enters and accumulates there, which must be pumped out, periodically calling a sewage truck.
- A septic tank with post-treatment carried out in the soil is a fairly simple option for treating wastewater. Such stations are formed by 1 or 2 reservoirs, in which large particles are deposited and pollutants are decomposed without oxygen. The degree of purification in anaerobic devices is not very high, water cannot be discharged into the environment. For this reason, it is necessary to equip a soil post-treatment stage, where the remnants of contaminants will linger in the filter bed.
- A feature of biological aerobic treatment plants is an additional stage of wastewater treatment by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen. To do this, a compressor is built into the septic tank, which pumps air.
Note! It is necessary to choose a place on the site for the placement of septic tanks that carry out aerobic or anaerobic wastewater treatment, taking into account sanitary rules.
On the market are ready-made options various firms, but with certain skills you can make them yourself, for example, from concrete rings. Material, along with construction and other important parameters, is one of the factors that are taken into account when choosing a septic tank.
Online calculator for the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of inhabitants and the mode of water use
Now there are many options for septic tanks. They can be ready-made, purchased, or made independently.
Their designs are also different, aimed at cleaning. It can be very deep or medium.
The septic tank device always carries the same task - to make sewer water safe for yourself and the environment.
The autonomy of such a sewer provides savings, because after its installation you no longer need to pay for utilities.
In addition, septic tanks still have a lot of advantages, so many people living in private homes choose local sewage.
Septic. The principles of operation of a septic tank
By appearance a septic tank is a monolithic container of different volumes, which is made of reliable and durable materials, capable of withstanding heavy loads, as well as exposure from wastewater.
You can see the appearance of one of the septic tanks below.
The body of the septic tank can be made of plastic, reinforced concrete, metal or brick.
Septic tanks also differ in the way they purify water. It can be like complete biological treatment, and incomplete, with soil post-treatment.
Biological water treatment involves the impact on water of biologically active microorganisms that feed on organic matter contained in wastewater.
If additional purification is needed, then an infiltrator is additionally installed to the septic tank, through which water enters the filter in the form of a crushed stone cushion and is absorbed into the soil in such a safe form.
The general principle of operation is the same for all types of septic tanks.
The scheme of the septic tank is shown in the image below.
The action of a septic tank on wastewater consists of the following stages:
- on sewer pipes connected to the septic tank, water enters the first block, where it settles, and heavy particles sink to the bottom;
- settled water, upon reaching the level of the pump or pipe, is poured into the second block, where water is decomposed and its secondary purification takes place;
- in the third section of the septic tank, the water is again settled and clarified;
- after that, the water either goes to the stage of post-treatment in the soil, or is purified through biofilters.
The output is technical water, purified by 65-98%.
Water can in some cases be diverted from the house with the help of wells or its withdrawal into a ditch, storm sewer.
Septic tanks differ not only in the ways of water purification, but also in the design itself. The main types of septic tanks for a private house can have a multi-chamber, three-chamber, two-chamber or single-chamber design.
The choice of the number of chambers depends on how long the water will be there. The longer the water settles, the better it is purified.
The material for the septic tank is selected depending on the type of soil, as well as for areas with a threat of flooding and flooding of the site. In this case, a septic tank that is lighter in weight and material can simply float to the surface and cause a lot of trouble.
You can also say about the differences in operation. There are septic tanks that do not require special conditions and care, they only need to periodically remove solid sediment.
But there are also species that need to periodically call a sewer to pump out non-recyclable waste.
When arranging such a septic tank, concrete rings are superimposed on each other and fastened with metal ties. Joints are poured with concrete, forming a single structure underground well- septic.
Water in a septic tank from concrete rings is purified by installing several such wells - chambers. It is also defended upon reaching required level flows to the next chamber.
At the end of the cleaning cycle, it enters the last compartment without a bottom and is absorbed into the soil. If the soil is not able to absorb a large amount of water, then it is pumped out with a pump.
You can see the appearance of the septic tank in the photo below.
Septic tanks made of concrete rings have a large volume and filter wastewater well.
The disadvantage of such a septic tank is the impossibility of completely sealing the joints and the inevitable ingress of untreated water into the soil.
Even during installation concrete septic tank can't do without special equipment or a crane, because its elements are very heavy.
This type of septic tank involves working without pumping and calling vacuum trucks. Water is purified by a biological method, that is, thanks to anaerobic microorganisms that do not require oxygen.
Waste water filtered in such a septic tank has a high degree cleaning and does not create unpleasant odors Location on.
What a biological septic tank looks like, you can see in the image below.
It consists of two chambers, one of which is a sump in which water is distributed into solid waste and liquid.
Two chambers are connected by a pipe at a certain level. When the water reaches this level, it moves to another chamber where it is filtered and clarified by microorganisms.
Then the purified water enters through a pipe to a natural crushed stone filter and in this form is absorbed into the soil.
The growth of bacteria for purification occurs independently, but with insufficient purification and the appearance of a smell, it can be stimulated by pouring special preparations into the septic tank chamber.
The advantage of a septic tank without pumping is its simplicity and the possibility self installation that does not require the use of special equipment.
First, a foundation pit of the required volume is dug, then the formwork for the chambers is placed, and the walls between the formwork and the pit are poured with concrete.
Water in such a septic tank can also be discharged outside if it is possible to drain it into the nearest sewer ditch or other places.
This is the simplest and economical way installing a septic tank in a private house with your own hands, which does not require special equipment and costs.
You will see the finished version of a home-made septic tank from tires in the figure below.
Consider the main features of this septic tank:
- for the construction of a septic tank from tires, two pits are needed, which are connected by a pipe;
- joints are sealed using strong wire and sealants for tire material;
- in the second chamber, the tires should be of a larger diameter than in the first;
- crushed stone or sand is poured at the bottom of both chambers, through which water is absorbed into the ground.
The disadvantage of this type of septic tank is its low productivity and unreliable sealing, so it should be located away from wells and sources of drinking water.
Choosing a septic tank
The septic tank is selected based on the number of people permanently residing in the house. This determines its volume, which is taken into account by the daily amount of discharged water.
Choose desired view a septic tank is also possible, given the quality of the material from which it is made, as well as the quality of water treatment.
are taken into account and climatic conditions on the site, because the septic tank must maintain strength at any temperature.
by the most budget options are those septic tanks that are made independently and have a small volume.
Self-construction of a septic tank
When installing a septic tank with your own hands, you first need to do accurate calculations and create a project for your septic tank.
As is known, even homemade septic tanks There are certain requirements and if you do not adhere to them, you can get a considerable fine.
Therefore, when drawing up a project, you or specialists need to take these requirements into account.
Any septic tank made by hand will work according to this scheme.
You also need to consider the main stages of work when installing septic tanks in a private house.
Approximate work on the construction of a septic tank will be carried out as follows:
- digging a pit manually or with the help of machinery, digging trenches for sewer supply pipes;
- strengthening the bottom with concrete, if the water is to be brought out, a filter device for soaking into the soil;
- installation of septic tank compartments in the pit. There may be two or more;
- the walls are poured with concrete or covered with sand;
- on top you need to make a sealed hatch.
As you can see, building a septic tank with your own hands is quite simple. The main reliability criterion for such work is the laying of pipes below the level of soil freezing.
Ready-made treatment plants
If independent construction is impossible for some reason, then you can purchase a ready-made septic tank.
The advantage of factory cleaning stations is a deeper degree of cleaning and quality assurance.
In addition, they are able to provide any volume, which is convenient when in large numbers people living in the house.
Ready-made septic tanks are much more expensive, but over time they pay off due to the fact that they do not need pumping and other procedures for permanent operation.
All septic tanks in this series are powered by electricity, but they consume little of it, so they are to some extent more economical than the others.
In the image below you see an example of a finished septic tank made of polymer material.
The main types of ready-made septic tanks for a private house are:
- septic tanks Tank or Triton;
- treatment plant Topas;
- septic tanks Bars.
There are other, equally effective models and brands that you can find by visiting specialized stores.
Each of the septic tanks ready-made easy to install, made of proven high strength materials.
Video - Types of septic tanks for a private house
In contact with
Installation of a septic tank is carried out in cases where it is not possible to connect the usual sewerage (collector) in a private country house or at the cottage. A septic tank as a device is used to collect and treat wastewater discharged from a country house. When organizing in a private house, pay special attention to the selection of a septic tank model.
What are septic tanks?
Currently, owners of suburban real estate consider it necessary to have a certain level of amenities, so the arrangement of local sewage is accompanied.
Types of septic tanks
All treatment plants for a country private house are usually classified according to several criteria, so septic tanks can be divided into types:
- storage septic tanks;
- treatment plant equipped with a soil filtration system;
- with deep biological cleaning.
Classification by material type:
- reinforced concrete (reinforced concrete) - prefabricated and monolithic;
- brick;
- metal;
- plastic.
Classification by septic tank form factor:
- horizontal;
- vertical.
The location of the chambers implies the following division of treatment plants:
- underground;
- superficial.
Autonomous sewage systems are volatile, and are also able to function without being connected to a source of electricity.
Classification of septic tanks by type of work
The choice of a septic tank is based on the amount of waste that the device will process daily.
Cumulative
A cesspool (accumulative septic tank) is a modernized version of a conventional cesspool, which is a container that accumulates wastewater.
A modern storage tank is a septic tank with a sealed housing that accumulates and stores wastewater until it is cleaned. The containers of such a septic tank are cleaned upon filling with sewage equipment.
We recommend installing drives only in cases where the volume of effluents is small, this applies to cottages and country houses where it is not planned to live permanently. At frequent use sewer, its operation will be too expensive.
Septic tanks with sewage treatment
For a country house with permanent residence and regular use of water supply, it is recommended to install an overflow septic tank; in such treatment facilities, water in tanks not only accumulates, but is cleaned. Such models require the services of vacuum trucks every 2-3 years. To increase the period between cleanings, it is recommended to use special additives - bacteria for septic tanks, which subsequently reduce the amount of solid waste in the treatment plant. These treatment facilities cannot be installed on a site with clay soil and high groundwater.
Autonomous sewerage with deep biological treatment
And, in turn, modern septic tanks (for example) of deep biological treatment are used in any conditions. In such treatment facilities, water can be purified by almost 100%, which allows it to be discharged onto the ground or into a reservoir.
Advantages of a biological septic tank:
- high level of wastewater treatment;
- the possibility of installation in areas with "heavy" soils or at high GWL;
- complete absence of odors during operation of the installation;
- ease of installation, stations are produced ready to work, their installation takes only a day.
The main disadvantage of this setup is high price, but by doing so you invest in your comfort. Plus, there is a need to connect the station to a stable source of electricity.
Types of septic tanks by material
plastic septic tank
Septic tanks made of plastic and fiberglass are manufactured industrially and are made of durable polymer materials. The advantages of a septic tank are 100% tightness and low weight, as well as the possibility of installation without the involvement of construction equipment. To strengths corrosion resistance, resistance to aggressive environments and the ability to operate a septic tank in difficult weather conditions can also be attributed.
Such treatment facilities have a small mass, which at the same time facilitates the installation process, but also creates a risk of damaging the body during soil movements, or destroying the sewerage system of a private house by surfacing the installation. To avoid such risks, such septic tanks are installed in pits with concreted walls and a bottom. An anchoring technique is also used - fixing the tank with nylon straps to fasteners built into the concrete bottom.
brick septic tank
To organize a brick septic tank for a private house on the site, it is necessary to prepare pits of the required size in order to lay the walls. The disadvantage of a brick septic tank is insufficient tightness, so the chambers of the structure need waterproofing with cement mortar and penetrating mastic for external processing. The advantage of a brick septic tank is the availability of materials and relatively simple installation without the use of technology.
Reinforced concrete septic tank
2 types of septic tanks are made of reinforced concrete:
- Monolithic. For construction, they dig a pit, then arrange a formwork, which is poured with mortar;
- Made. When organizing, finished products are used - well rings made of reinforced concrete.
The advantage of a reinforced concrete septic tank is the reliability and durability of the design of the treatment plant.
When organizing a septic tank from well rings, attention should be paid to waterproofing the joints so that the chambers are completely sealed.
metal septic tank
A metal septic tank is not the best option for a private house, since metal containers are susceptible to corrosion, so they cannot last long, and the use of stainless steel chambers is irrational due to the high cost of the material.
Types of septic tanks depending on the location of the tanks
Depending on the location of the chamber, vertical and horizontal septic tanks are distinguished. AT vertical septic tank the chamber is like a barrel with a hatch in the upper part. This option involves the use of a pit of considerable depth, but a small area.
During installation horizontal septic tank the container looks like a tank with several hatches. Installation requires digging a less deep pit, but with large area. This option is suitable for areas where the groundwater level is quite high, but the installation of a horizontal model will take up most of the area.
As you already understood, there are various types septic tanks. Any owner of a country house will be able to choose in the company "Domvit" suitable model septic tank, which will satisfy all his needs.