Is it possible to install individual heating in the apartment. Individual heating in an apartment building - what documents are needed according to the law, installation rules in the apartment. Requirements for individual rooms

Dear forum users. For several years now I have been wanting to install a gas wall-mounted double-circuit boiler in my apartment. closed type. But official way, probably, I will not achieve anything, I always get a refusal. Does anyone know or have encountered how this can be done and is it possible at all? My apartment is on the 5th floor of Khrushchev.

I have not met a person who would have a gas boiler legally installed in the apartment (with the exception of houses with apartment heating). There were several cases when people arbitrarily installed, but everything ended with dismantling and huge fines. And someone is still working quietly ... Perhaps there is an official way (coordination, project preparation, execution of specifications, etc.), we are waiting for further comments.

Who has achieved? Installation of a gas boiler in the apartment.

Useless. I tried to make it official a couple of years ago - the refusal came from architecture and city gas, the reason is that the facade is damp from the exhaust, individual ventilation ducts are needed, etc.

Who has achieved? Installation of a gas boiler in the apartment.

I don't know if it was like this before. When I studied at the institute, a teacher in heat engineering showed us such modern individual heating systems that are installed in modern apartments. There was a gas boiler, a pipe system and a automatic adjustment temperature. All pipes remember copper, brazed. In short, in old houses not intended for this, permission is unlikely to be obtained. Officially - because of the dampness of the facade and the lack of ventilation. But in fact, it seems to me that they simply do not want to bother with heating networks and shutting down - cutting off regular heating pipes. It's hemorrhoids.

Who has achieved? Installation of a gas boiler in the apartment.

Guest wrote: It's useless. I tried to make it official a couple of years ago - the refusal came from architecture and city gas, the reason is that the facade is damp from the exhaust, individual ventilation ducts are needed, etc.

Yeah, and every one who disconnects from the central heating station stops paying for heating and water heating, and there the money literally goes down the drain, because the efficiency of these boilers tends to 10%, while using a gas boiler, a person pays only for gas and cold water, costs are actually several times lower. And I would not be surprised if there is an unspoken order from above to "ban". And the convenience cannot be compared - full climate control in your apartment.

Who has achieved? Installation of a gas boiler in the apartment.

Usually gas boilers are installed in cottages or private houses. Because the installation requires a special room. In addition, many conditions must be met. So legally it is unlikely that you will be allowed to connect.

Who has achieved? Installation of a gas boiler in the apartment.

In apartments, gas boilers are installed in the following cases:

Who has achieved? Installation of a gas boiler in the apartment.

Mar 20, 2013, 06:45

Serg_i_K wrote: In apartments, gas boilers are installed in the following cases:
- Initially, the project provides for apartment heating with individual smoke and ventilation ducts.
- It was decided to stop the centralized heating supply of the house. In this case, a project is necessarily made, in accordance with which the installation of boilers, the conversion of smoke and ventilation ducts are carried out.
Separate apartments are also being refurbished, there are cases described in the net. For some reason, this problem is solved especially simply in Moldova, can someone tell me why?

In Moldova, apparently, the supervisory authorities are sluggish, so everything is simply solved.

According to the requirements of the regulatory and technical documents in force on the territory of the Russian Federation and technical regulations"about safety ..." installation of gas boilers in an apartment is possible only for apartment heating (for the whole house), if this is provided for by the project. During reconstruction, it is also possible to switch to an apartment, but the requirements are strict, it is necessary to obtain permits from the authorized bodies. In this case, a reconstruction project is carried out, in which safety issues are resolved and current regulations are complied with.

For heating a private house the best option is definitely a gas boiler. This heating unit has high efficiency and allows you to quite smoothly and flexibly adjust the intensity of heating of residential premises, sometimes even without the use of additional thermostatic devices. Today, gas is considered the most profitable fuel in terms of economy, so the cost of such a boiler will quickly pay for its purchase and installation costs.

If you plan to install gas boiler in a private house, the requirements for the room and the heater itself must be clarified in advance. Having received general information, you can be sure that you have to collect a lot of different documents and go around several instances. Therefore, it is worth preparing not only theoretically and technically, but even psychologically for these rather unpleasant, but, alas, necessary events.

Basic regulatory documentation for boiler installation

All these data can be found in SNiP (Building Norms and Rules) 31-02-2001, “Gas supply country house. Requirements and rules for the installation of gas equipment.

In addition to this document, you need to view additional ones containing information on the arrangement of boiler rooms and the rules for installing a boiler. They can also be found in the building codes and rules":

SNiP 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".
SNiP 21-01-97 " Fire safety buildings and structures".
SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings".

To equip a boiler room in a private house, you should study SNiP 2.04.08-87.

How is a boiler room equipped in a private house?

In my own house under heating equipment usually allocated a separate room. What requirements should the boiler room meet? – detailed information this is described in a separate publication of our portal.

Coordination of the installation of a gas boiler

In order to install a gas boiler in a private house or apartment, it will not be enough to study the SNiP documents. To get started, you need to get specifications, which will form the basis for the organization further work for connecting equipment to gas pipelines.

To do this, the landlord submits an application to the local gas supply service, which indicates the estimated gas consumption required for use in a particular building for heating and for other needs. This parameter is calculated approximately on the basis of SNiP 31-02, clause 9.1.3, which shows the average daily gas volume for a single-family house:

– gas stove (cooking) – 0.5 m³/day;

- hot water supply, that is, the use of flowing gas water heater() - 0.5 m³ / day;

- heating with household gas unit with connected water circuit (for middle lane Russia) - from 7 to 12 m³ / day.

In the local organization that controls the gas supply and installation of boiler equipment, the request is considered by specialists. For the applicant, a document is drawn up with technical conditions or with a reasoned refusal. The review process may take from one week to a month, depending on the efficiency of the work of this controlling service.

If the request is satisfied, then the technical conditions are issued, which must be fully implemented during the installation of gas equipment. This document will simultaneously be a permission to carry out the relevant work.

It is necessary to know for sure that the installation of gas equipment without obtaining technical specifications is illegal. Also, inconsistent self-assembly boiler - very unsafe, especially in cases where such work will be carried out in high-rise building. Sad examples of this, alas, are plentiful.

Installation project development

When the technical conditions are received, you can proceed to the preparation of the installation project.

The project is developed taking into account all the requirements specified in the technical specifications. This also includes a scheme for laying gas communications: for a private house - along the site to the entrance to the residential building, indicating this point in the drawing, and for an apartment - from the entrance to the gas supply pipe to the point of connection to the heating boiler

The development of the project should be carried out only by specialists-designers who have a license to carry out work of this type. As a rule, an organization dealing with gas supply in a particular region (settlement) has a design department, where all such surveys, calculations and their graphic design are carried out.

Project approval

Further, finished project sent for approval to the department of the organization that controls the gas supply at home, where it will be installed. The period of coordination of the submitted documents depends on the complexity of the project scheme, and can take from one week to three months.

The following documents with the characteristics of the boiler equipment must be attached to the project for the installation of the boiler and the supply of the gas pipeline submitted for approval:

Technical passport of the gas boiler.
Instructions for its operation.
Certificates of compliance with technical and sanitary requirements.
Expertise data on the compliance of this unit with all safety requirements.

These documents are issued to the buyer by the seller together with the boiler, and they are issued by the manufacturer of boiler equipment.

If the project has not been approved, then in addition to a reasoned refusal, the applicant is given a list of the actions that must be taken to obtain a positive conclusion.

If the project is approved, it is certified accordingly, which means that it is already possible to produce practical work installation of gas heating equipment.

Basic requirements for the boiler room

A separate room must be provided for the installation of gas equipment with a capacity of 30 kW or more. It must match all existing norms and instructions. Quite often, they try to choose one of the rooms in the basement or basement for the boiler room, but you need to know that such a gas boiler installation is only allowed for single-family private residential buildings.

A boiler of any capacity can be installed in a private house, since it is usually placed in a room attached to the house, thus making it possible to heat not only living quarters, but also utility rooms.

General requirements

The main requirements for the boiler room are as follows:

The area of the room for the installation of one boiler must be at least 4 m². At the same time, the total number of boilers in one room can never be more than two.
The ceiling height of the room is not less than 2200÷2500 mm.
The window, which is obligatory in the boiler room for natural light, must be sized for every 10 m³ of room volume 0.3 m² of window area, but in any case not less than 0.5 m².
The width of the door opening must be at least 800 mm.
The distance between the front door and the boiler cannot be less than 1000 mm, but it is better if this interval is 1300÷1500 mm.
For the possibility of carrying out repair and maintenance work, the necessary free space, which should be at least 1300 mm.
The boiler must be installed in a stable and strictly horizontal position- this will minimize possible vibrations and noises.
The floor in the boiler room must be made of non-combustible material and be perfectly flat.
The walls must also be made of non-combustible materials, and the surfaces near the boiler walls can be additionally insulated with heat-resistant materials.
Cold water must be supplied to the boiler room. In the floor of the room, it is necessary to equip a system for draining the coolant into the sewer.
Electrical sockets must have a ground loop, as some elements of the boiler, such as an ignition or a pump, are connected to the power supply.
It is necessary to provide access to the chimney - in particular - to the inspection window - to control the patency of the channel and the possibility of cleaning.

Ventilation and chimney systems

Ventilation and exhaust systems for gas combustion products in the boiler room must be installed in compliance with the rules for installing gas equipment, since a malfunction or inefficient operation of these systems can either lead to equipment inoperability, or, even worse, to an emergency and even explosive situation.

For ventilation and chimney normative documents the following requirements apply:

Ventilation and chimney ducts must be separated.

For admission fresh air in the boiler room it is necessary to provide supply ventilation. The entrance window is made at the bottom outer wall or front door. The size of the ventilation window must be at least 1/30 of total area premises, but not less than 80 mm² per 1 kW of installed power - for air flow from the street, and not less than 300 mm² per 1 kW if air flow comes from another room.
Ventilation ducts must always be open, as air must circulate constantly.
The boiler is recommended to be installed as close as possible to the chimney.
A chimney arranged in a wall must have two inlets:

- the main one, for the installation of a chimney pipe;

- revision, located below the first not less than 250 mm - this channel is intended for technological cleaning.

The exhaust outlet of the chimney must not have a section smaller than the outlet pipe of the boiler itself.
The chimney should not have more than three bends or turns.
The chimney is made of stainless or carbon steel sheet. The use of asbestos-concrete pipes or other pipes made of laminated materials is allowed only at a distance of at least 500 mm from the boiler chimney.

In order for the operation of the boiler to be safe, and the heating system itself to be efficient, there must be created favorable conditions to maintain normal traction. Therefore, it is very important to calculate both the total height of the chimney and its location above the roof surface so that the head does not fall into the zone of the so-called wind backwater.

Gas is still the cheapest type of fuel. Accordingly, the most cheap heating turns out exactly natural gas. True, the installation of a gas boiler is associated with certain difficulties - the premises must comply with fire safety standards.

A separate room is required for the installation of powerful gas boilers

Gas boiler installation standards

To ensure that there are no troubles when taking the gas boiler into operation, it is necessary to choose the installation site in accordance with current regulations. The installation of a gas boiler in a private house (single-apartment or blocked) is regulated by SNiP 31-02-2001, and the installation rules in apartment buildings are prescribed in SNiP 2.08.01.

For private houses

According to the norms, a gas boiler can be installed in a ventilated room, which is located:

on the first floor of the house;
in the basement or basement;
in the attic:
gas boilers up to 35 kW (according to MDS 41.2-2000 up to 60 kW) can be installed in the kitchen.

With regard to the installation of boilers in the kitchen, two norms are currently in force at once. According to one document, heating devices with a power of no more than 35 kW can be placed, according to another - no more than 60 kW. And we're talking about heaters. gas stoves or other equipment using gas is not taken into account.

What to do? You need to find out what norms are followed in your GorGaz. After all, it is their representatives who will take the equipment into operation. Actually, the designer should tell you all the subtleties, but it is also desirable to know this - you will need to prepare the room for installation.

Where to put

Now about where and how you can place gas equipment different power. We are talking about gas boilers and their power is summarized:

with a power of up to 150 kW inclusive - in a separate room on any floor, including the basement and basement;
from 151 kW to 350 kW inclusive - in a separate room of the first, basement or ground floor, as well as in a separate attached room.

More powerful installations in private homes are not used.

Requirements for kitchens in which a gas boiler is installed

When placing a flowing gas water heater or a gas heating boiler with a power of up to 60 kW in the kitchen, the room must meet the following standards:

There is one more thing that is not spelled out in the norms, but which exists: the installation of a gas boiler is only allowed in a room with doors. In the light latest trends- remove partitions, and instead of doors to do - this can be a problem. Without a door, permission will not be signed. Exit - put or . Another option is glass doors. They do not "load" the interior, but they are perceived precisely as doors.

All these requirements must be met. With violations, you simply will not sign the act of acceptance.

Requirements for individual rooms

Similar, but there are some differences:

Ceiling height - not less than 2.5 m;
The volume and area of the premises are determined by the convenience of maintenance, but should not be less than 15 m 3.
The walls leading to adjacent rooms must have a fire resistance limit of 0.75 hours and a zero limit for the spread of fire along the structure (brick, concrete, building blocks).
The hood with the same requirements: for outflow - a three-fold exchange, for inflow in the same volume, plus air for combustion.
The room must have a window. Glass area - not less than 0.03 m 2 per cubic meter of volume.

If the equipment is installed with a power of 150 kW or more, one of the prerequisites is the presence of an exit to the street. A second exit can be equipped - in utility room(not residential). It can be a pantry or a corridor. Doors must be fireproof.

Please note that when calculating windows, the area of \u200b\u200bglass is considered, and not the size of the window opening. Moreover, in some cases, they require the presence of at least one glass with an area of at least 0.8 square meter. If it is problematic to enlarge the windows, you can make a similar window in the door (the standard does not say that it should be in the wall).

How to attach boiler rooms

Sometimes in the house there is no way to allocate a separate room. In this case, the boiler room is attached. The standards for ceiling height, volume, glazing and ventilation remain the same as for individual rooms, only specific standards are added:

Please note that the extension must be registered. Without official documents on it, no one will carry gas to you. And one more thing: when designing it, lay down all the norms without deviations, otherwise they will not be accepted. If the installation of a gas boiler is planned in an existing room, some deviations may be overlooked or some compensation may be offered (if there is a missing volume or ceiling height, they may be asked to increase the glazing area). For newly built buildings (and extensions too) there are no such discounts: they must include all the standards.

United kitchens

Today it has become fashionable to have or. It turns out a single large space, which is easy to implement design ideas. But, the gas service regards such a room as residential and prohibits the installation of gas equipment.

It will not be possible to solve the problem with a studio apartment, but there is a way out with a combined one. If you are just planning to combine the kitchen and the living room, when you draw up the documents, call the resulting room the kitchen-dining room. This space is not residential, so there will be no restrictions. If the papers are already issued, you can try to redo them or go the other way - install sliding partition. True, in this case, the alteration of documents will be required.

Place for installation of a gas boiler

Speaking specifically about apartments, they install gas boilers in them mostly in the kitchens. Everything is here necessary communications: running water, gas, there is a window and an extractor hood. It remains only to determine appropriate place for the boiler. For such an installation, wall-mounted (mounted) boilers are used. They are mounted on several hooks attached to the walls (they usually come with the kit).

As for installation in other rooms of an apartment or house, as a rule, none of them pass the requirements. For example, the bathroom does not have a window with natural light, the corridor usually does not fit in size - there are not enough tolerances from the corners or to the opposite wall, there is usually no ventilation at all or it is not enough. With pantries the same trouble - there is no ventilation and windows, there is not enough volume.

If there are stairs to the second floor in the house, often the owners want to put the boiler under the stairs or in this room. In terms of volume, it usually passes, and ventilation will have to be made very powerful - the volume is considered to be in two levels and it is necessary to ensure its triple exchange. This will require several pipes (three or more) of a very large cross section (at least 200 mm).

After you have decided on the room for the installation of a gas boiler, it remains to find a place for it. It is selected based on the type of boiler (wall or floor) and the requirements of the manufacturer. The data sheet usually details the distances from the wall to the right / left, the installation height relative to the floor and ceiling, as well as the distance from the front surface to the opposite wall. These may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, so read the manual carefully.

Installation standards according to SNiP

be installed gas boilers can on fireproof walls at a distance of at least 2 cm from it.
If the wall is slow-burning or combustible (wooden, frame, etc.), it must be protected by fireproof material. This may be a three-millimeter sheet of asbestos, on top of which a sheet of metal is fixed. Plastering with a layer of at least 3 cm is also considered as protection. In this case, the boiler must be hung at a distance of 3 cm. The dimensions of the fireproof material must exceed the dimensions of the boiler by 10 cm from the sides and bottom, and from above must be 70 cm more.

Questions may arise regarding the asbestos sheet: today it is recognized as a material hazardous to health. You can replace it with a layer of mineral wool cardboard. And keep in mind that a fireproof base is also considered ceramic tile, even if it is laid on wooden walls: adhesive layer and ceramic just give the required fire resistance.

The installation of a gas boiler relative to the side walls is also regulated. If the wall is non-combustible, the distance cannot be less than 10 cm. For combustible and slow-burning, this distance is 25 cm (without additional protection).

If a floor standing gas boiler is installed, the base must be non-combustible. A non-combustible stand is made on a wooden floor. It must provide a fire resistance limit of 0.75 hours (45 minutes). These are either bricks laid on a spoon (in 1/4 of a brick), or thick ceramic floor tiles, which is placed on top of an asbestos sheet fixed to a metal sheet. The dimensions of the non-combustible base are 10 cm larger than the dimensions of the installed boiler.

If desired, arrange in an apartment individual heating using a gas boiler, one should not rush to purchase equipment, since it is not always possible to make such heating. There are many restrictions. The fact is that not all apartment buildings are designed to use a gas boiler in an apartment instead of central heating.

In the case of living in a high-rise building, where apartment heating is not provided, it is difficult, and often unrealistic, to implement such a solution. If the house does not have such an opportunity, then you can make an attempt to obtain permission in the event of its reconstruction, if there is a decision to disconnect the building from centralized heating and transfer to apartment heating.

AT similar situation for the entire structure, technical conditions for the transition are developed and they are issued to all property owners in their hands. To find out if it is possible to install a gas boiler in an apartment, you should fill out an appropriate application and submit it to the Gorgaz branch that serves the area, and get a response.

Checklist of necessary actions

If it became known that the installation of individual heating is allowed in the house, a long walk through the authorities cannot be avoided:

First of all, you need to go to the local organization responsible for the supply of gas and write an application there regarding the installation of a gas boiler in the apartment. After a certain time, the homeowner is issued a conclusion regarding the permission or prohibition to install a heating unit. Receiving a positive response means that you can install the equipment.
Next, you need a project. It must be ordered from a design office authorized to this species works. His address can be obtained from the gas supply company. At this stage, it is advisable to choose a boiler model and a meter. Under them, project documentation should be drawn up, and the data should be indicated in the specification. The fact is that changes after approval can only be made later, and for a fee. If the project is signed, nothing can be changed in it, you need to order a new one.
The fire authorities should find out the address and name of the organization involved in checking the condition ventilation ducts and negotiate with its specialists about the service. A company representative will come and check the quality of ventilation. If everything is in order, a permit will be issued to install a gas boiler in the apartment. In the event of an unsatisfactory condition of the chimney, an act is drawn up with a list of work to be performed. After eliminating the shortcomings, you need to re-invite a specialist in order to eventually get permission.
At the next stage, an application for refusal from heating is submitted to the heating network. If you plan to heat the water yourself, you should also refuse hot water supply. It is advisable to immediately clarify the timing of the shutdown measures. The rework project approved by Gorgaz should already be in hand.

Data regarding the purchased meter and boiler are reported to the design organization. Then the finished documentation is taken. It is not worth purchasing equipment in advance, since permission to install a gas boiler in apartment building, is not always available.
Then, a service agreement for the unit is concluded in the Gorgaz branch, and the gasification project is submitted for approval.
After receiving the signed project in hand, you can proceed to disconnect from the heating network. In this case, it will be necessary to drain the water from the heating system of the entire house.
Next, the owner of the apartment must mount individual system heat supply. The boiler is installed without connecting to the gas main, the system is checked for tightness and readiness for operation.
In "Gorgaz" find out the date when you can install a gas boiler in an apartment building in a particular apartment. Its employees will connect pipes and equipment according to the project, seal the meter, put the stove and unit into operation.
In order for the guarantee for the gas boiler to be valid, it will be necessary to set up and carry out the first start-up, followed by a note in the passport. Regarding this type of work, contact the department where the device was serviced. The master will adjust the boiler, start the system and put a stamp in the passport. Now you can use the mounted equipment.

The entire process described above, subject to the requirements for installing a gas boiler in an apartment building, will take from 1.5 to 2.5 months. Therefore, it is advisable to start the procedure in the spring or at the very beginning of summer.

Rules for the installation of gas appliances in the apartment

The least problems with the arrangement of individual heating occur among the owners of new apartments that are not connected to a centralized heating system. In this case, there is no need to visit the heating network and there is no need to deal with disconnecting from the risers, and permission to install gas heating in an apartment building may be in the package of documents for real estate.

But even in this case, one must adhere to certain rules. First of all, having documents in hand, you cannot install gas equipment on your own - this work must be carried out by experts. These can be not only employees of a gas supply organization, but also representatives of a company that licenses this type of activity.

After the installation is completed, the engineer of the enterprise supplying gaseous fuel, checks the correctness of the connection and issues permission to use the boiler. Only then can you open the valve leading to the apartment.

Before starting, in accordance with the requirements for installing a boiler in an apartment building, it is imperative to check the individual heat supply system. To do this, it is launched under a pressure equal to at least 1.8 atmospheres. You can control this parameter using the pressure gauge of the heating unit.

If the pipes are built into the floor or walls, it is advisable to increase the pressure and drive the coolant through them for at least 24 hours. Only after testing the system can you be sure that there are no leaks and reliable connections.

Air must be bled from the equipment before start-up. Since when installing a gas boiler in an apartment building, the systems are made closed, you need to use the Mayevsky taps available on the radiators. Air is bled in each battery, bypassing them several times in turn until there is no air left in them. After that, the system can be launched into operating mode - turn on the heat supply.

We should not forget that modern units are controlled by automation, and such devices are demanding on voltage. Therefore, it is recommended to use a voltage stabilizer and a device uninterruptible power supply. To protect the boiler from deposits accumulating on its inner surface, at the points of fuel inlet and cold water filters need to be installed.

It is necessary to place an electrical outlet and another gas appliance at a distance of at least 30 centimeters from the unit.

Arrangement of a room for a boiler

It is best to install a wall-mounted gas appliance in a kitchen, the layout of which meets the standards for the placement of such equipment. Also in this room there is already a supply of both water and gas.

Here's what the norms for installing a gas boiler in an apartment look like:

The area of the room where the installation of equipment is planned, when the ceilings in it are not lower than 2.5 meters, must exceed four square meters.
AT without fail the presence of a window that opens. Its area should be 0.3 square meters. m. per 10 cubic meters of volume. For example, the dimensions of the room are 3x3 meters with a ceiling height of 2.5 meters. The volume will be 3x3 x2.5 = 22.5 m 3. This means that the area at the window cannot be less than 22.5: 10 x 0.3 \u003d 0.675 square meters. m. This parameter standard window 1.2x0.8 \u003d 0.96 sq. m. It will do, but the presence of a transom or window is required.
The width of the front door cannot be less than 80 centimeters.
There must be ventilation holes located under the ceiling.

In the documents attached to the product, each manufacturer describes the requirements for installing a gas boiler in an apartment. To warranty obligations provided by the manufacturers were valid, the unit must be installed in accordance with their recommendations.

The list of requirements is as follows:

wall boiler separated from the walls with non-combustible material. When they are tiled or covered with a layer of plaster, this will be enough. Do not hang the appliance directly on a surface lined with wood.
floor unit placed on a non-flammable base. If the floor has ceramic tiles or it is concrete, nothing needs to be done. On wooden flooring you need to put a sheet thermal insulation material, and fix on top of it a metal sheet, the size of which exceeds the dimensions of the boiler by 30 centimeters.

Requirements for the arrangement of the chimney

When a gas boiler of any type is installed in an apartment building, the chimney must not be made narrower than its outlet. If the device has an open combustion chamber and a power of not more than 30 kW, the cross section of the chimney pipe cannot be less than 140 millimeters, and with a capacity of 40 kW - 160 millimeters in diameter.

If the boiler has a closed combustion chamber, it is supplied with coaxial chimney with the section size recommended by the manufacturer.

the pipe going up from the wall-mounted gas unit must be at least 50 centimeters long, and then only the elbow can be installed;
over the entire length of the chimneys, more than three bends cannot be created;
combustion products from appliances with open combustion chambers are removed into the chimney, and with closed ones - also into the chimney or through the wall directly to the street (the method depends on the project).

Choosing a gas boiler

Before you put the boiler in the apartment, you need to do optimal choice. In a multi-storey building, wall and floor boilers can be installed. More aesthetic and comfortable in terms of placement are considered wall models. Their dimensions are comparable to the dimensions of kitchen wall cabinets and therefore they fit well into the interior of the room.

With the installation of floor units it will be more difficult, since they can not always be pushed close to the wall. This nuance depends on the location of the smoke outlet. If it is on top, then the device, if desired, is moved to the wall.

Boilers also come in single and double circuit. The first of them work only for heat supply, and the second - for heating and water heating. When other equipment is used for DHW, then a single-circuit model will suffice.

If the water is heated by a gas boiler, then you will have to choose one of two methods: a boiler indirect heating or flow coil. Both options have drawbacks. When a coil is used, which means flow heating is carried out, not all units are able to maintain the set temperature.

For this reason, it is necessary to set special operating modes in boilers; they are called differently in different devices. For example, in Navien models(read about malfunctions of the Navien boiler), Beretta is “a priority hot water", and in Ferrolli - "comfort".

The disadvantage of boiler heating is that gaseous fuel is consumed to maintain a stable water temperature in the tank. In addition, the reserve of heated water is limited. After its consumption, you have to wait until the new portion heats up.

The choice of the above methods is an individual matter, but you need to remember that with the flow option, you will have to focus on the water heating capacity per minute, and with the boiler - on the volume of the tank.

Gas units differ in the type of burner used, which are:

single position;
on-off;
modulated.

The cheapest are single-position, but at the same time they are the most uneconomical, because they always work at full capacity. Slightly more economical - on-off, which are able to function both at 100% power and at 50%. The best burners are considered modulating, as they have many operating modes, which saves fuel. Their performance is controlled automatically.

The burner is located in the combustion chamber, which can be open or closed. Oxygen for open chambers comes from the room, and combustion products are removed through an atmospheric chimney.

Closed chambers are equipped with a coaxial chimney structure, and oxygen for combustion enters them from the street. In this case, combustion products are discharged along the central contour of the chimney, and air enters through the outer one.

Floor units are equipped with inflatable or atmospheric burner. When the boiler is installed in an apartment building floor model, it is allowed to use an atmospheric burner in the apartment. Most of these gas appliances have a closed combustion chamber, which means that they are equipped with a turbine and a coaxial chimney.

Boiler power calculation

When the type of heating unit is selected, it is necessary to determine its power. If desired, you can order a heat engineering calculation that allows you to determine the heat loss in the premises. Based on this figure, they begin to select the power of the boiler.

You can not make calculations, but use the norms obtained empirically, according to which 1 kW of boiler power is needed for 10 "squares" of area. To this result you should add a margin of performance for various losses.

For example, to heat an apartment with an area of 60 "squares", you need a device with a capacity of 6 kW. If water heating is planned, add 50% and get 9 kW of power, and in case of abnormal cold weather another 20-30%. The final result is 12 kW.

But this is a calculation for central Russia. If a locality located to the north, it is necessary to further increase the performance of the unit. The specific value depends on the degree of insulation of the house. For a panel or brick high-rise building, this will be 50% or more.

The boiler must have sufficient power to ensure comfort in the apartment, so you should not save on it. The cost difference won't be big. If an automated boiler is purchased, then there will be no excess gas consumption, since such models of units are the most economical.

The process of obtaining permission related to whether it is possible to install a gas boiler in an apartment is quite complicated, costly and takes a lot of time. But all the effort is worth it, since it is much better to live at a comfortable indoor temperature. At the same time, you will have to pay less for individual heating than for centralized heating.

About offline gas heating with hot water, if not dreaming, then surely any householder was seriously thinking, both in a city apartment and in a private house. Only today it is able to reliably provide comfortable temperature in the house is cheaper than the central one. However, installing a gas boiler with your own hands is a complex, responsible matter that requires a permit. Actually, taking it on your own makes complete sense only if you have sufficient funds to purchase double-circuit boiler with a boiler and a full set of automation, and your housing is suitable for installing a boiler according to specifications.

The second case when you need a gas boiler is if you are not rich, and there is no hot water in the house at all and is not expected. In this case, you need the simplest budgetary single-circuit flow-through boiler for hot water supply, which allows you to wash the dishes and take a shower. A gas boiler is more expensive than an electric boiler, but, given the cost of installing a gas meter, at current rates it pays off in a winter of a year and a half, depending on the place of residence. If, again, you can put it in your apartment, and you are not afraid of walking through the authorities.

Two big differences

The boilers mentioned above are the extremes of a huge variety of models of gas water heating devices. They are available for self installation. Any other gas heating boiler for installation requires professional work. However, every cloud has a silver lining - specialized firms take upon themselves the preparation of the premises with the paperwork. But why can only the "tips of scissors" be installed by yourself?

Simple water heater

The simplest boiler is really very simple: gas-burner, heat exchanger - that's all. It is enough to connect water, gas to it, bring the exhaust into the chimney - and you can use it. If the papers are already issued; otherwise, an inevitable large fine.

Home boiler room

A double-circuit boiler with a boiler and full automation is so “smart” that it is as easy to install as the simplest one. Automation is important not only for simplicity: complete system with a double thermostat and a microprocessor monitors the temperature in the house and on the street, according to a given program, reduces heating to a minimum according to sanitary standard when no one is at home (for example, when everyone is at work). The gas consumption of such a boiler is 30-70% less than with manual or semi-automatic adjustment, and the more severe the weather, the more savings.

But such a home boiler room has a serious drawback: if you are in the zone natural disaster and the power supply is broken, the automation "stalls", and the boiler goes into the minimum heating mode. Therefore, such a boiler requires additional expense for a guaranteed power supply. It is not difficult to provide it yourself, see below.

Where it is possible and where it is impossible to put a gas boiler

The rules for installing a gas boiler provide for the following requirements for installation HEATING BOILER, regardless of whether it also provides hot water or not:

The boiler must be installed in a separate room - a furnace (boiler room) with an area of at least 4 square meters. m., with a ceiling height of at least 2.5 m. The rules also state that the volume of the room must be at least 8 cubic meters. Based on this, you can find indications of the admissibility of a ceiling of 2 m. This is not true. 8 cubes is the minimum free volume.
The furnace must have an opening window, and the width of the door (not the doorway) must be at least 0.8 m.
Finishing the furnace with combustible materials, the presence of a false ceiling or raised floor in it is unacceptable.
Air must be supplied to the furnace through a through, non-closable vent with a cross section of at least 8 sq.cm. per 1 kW of boiler power.

Note: 8 cubes free - with a boiler power of up to 30 kW. For power from 31 to 60 kW - 13.5 cubic meters; for power from 61 to 200 kW 15 cubic meters. For boilers with a closed combustion chamber, the volume of the furnace is not standardized, but the dimensions must still be observed.

For any boilers, including wall-mounted hot water boilers, the following general standards must also be met:

The boiler exhaust must exit into a separate flue (often incorrectly referred to as a chimney); the use of ventilation ducts for this is unacceptable - life-threatening combustion products can get to neighbors or other rooms.
The length of the horizontal part of the flue must not exceed 3 m within the furnace and have no more than 3 angles of rotation.
The outlet of the gas flue must be vertical and raised above the ridge of the roof or the highest point of the gable on flat roof not less than 1 m.
Since the combustion products form chemically aggressive substances during cooling, the chimney must be made of heat- and chemical-resistant solid materials. The use of layered materials, e.g. asbestos-cement pipes, permissible at a distance of at least 5 m from the edge of the boiler exhaust pipe.

When installing a wall-mounted hot water gas boiler in the kitchen, additional conditions must be met:

The height of the boiler suspension along the edge of the lowest branch pipe is not lower than the top of the sink spout, but not less than 800 mm from the floor.
The space under the boiler must be free.
A strong fireproof metal sheet 1x1 m should be laid on the floor under the boiler. Gas workers and firefighters do not recognize the strength of asbestos cement - it wears out, and the SES prohibits having anything containing asbestos in the house.
The room should not have cavities in which combustion products or an explosive gas mixture can accumulate.

If the boiler is used for heating, then the gas workers (who, by the way, are not very friendly with the heating network - it always owes them for gas) will also check the condition of the heating system in the apartment / house:

The slope of the horizontal pipe sections must be positive, but not more than 5 mm per running meter by the flow of water.
At the highest point of the system must be installed expansion tank and air faucet. It is useless to convince you that you will buy a “cool” boiler in which everything is provided for: rules are rules.
The condition of the heating system must allow it to be pressure tested at a pressure of 1.8 atm.

The requirements, as we see, are tough, but justified - gas is gas. Therefore, it is better not to think about a gas boiler, even a hot water boiler, if:

You live in a block Khrushchev or other apartment building without a main flue.
If you have a false ceiling in your kitchen, which you do not want to clean, or a capital mezzanine. On a mezzanine with a bottom made of wood or fiberboard, which, in principle, can be removed, and then there will be no mezzanine, gas workers look through their fingers.
If your apartment is not privatized, you can only rely on a hot water boiler: allocating a room for a furnace means redevelopment that only the owner can do.

In all other cases, you can put a hot water boiler in the apartment; heating wall is possible, and floor - very problematic.

In a private house, any boiler can be installed: the rules do not require that the furnace be located directly in the house. If you make an extension to the house from the outside under the furnace, then the authorities will only have fewer reasons for nit-picking. In it, you can put a floor gas boiler of high power for heating not only the mansion, but also office space.

For private housing of the middle class optimal solution- wall-mounted boiler; under it is not required, as for the floor, to arrange a brick or concrete pallet with sides of half a meter. Installing a wall-mounted gas boiler in a private house also does without technical and organizational difficulties: a fireproof closet for a furnace can always be shielded, at least in the attic.

Power supply

The automation of heating boilers consumes little electricity, but according to the rules, the boiler still needs a separate wiring branch with a 20 A automatic machine, like for a boiler. For backup power, any computer UPS is well suited. Kilowatt will "hold" the automation for half a day or a day. This is quite enough to take the necessary measures in case of emergency.

About the flue

The cross-sectional area of the house flue for it depends on the required power of the boiler (see below). At any power, the diameter of the flue must be at least 110 mm and not less than the diameter of the exhaust pipe. The dependence of the diameter of the flue on the power of the boiler is as follows:

up to 24 kW - 120 mm.
30 kW - 130 mm.
40 kW - 170 mm.
60 kW - 190 mm
80 kW - 220 mm.
100 kW - 230 mm.

Boiler selection

Power

The fact that the power of the boiler must be sufficient is obvious. But it should not be excessive, especially if the heat exchanger is cast iron. Hot cast iron cracks from drops of condensate from the flue. There is another dangerous effect: the dew point temperature of the exhaust gases is approximately 56 degrees Celsius. If the heating return water temperature is lower, acidic condensate may form in the combustion chamber. What does this have to do with excess power? Too powerful a boiler will quickly warm up the system and go into standby mode before it cools down. The thermal inertia of a powerful heat exchanger is great, and while it warms up again, acid dew can fall out.

With a properly selected boiler power, the temperature in the combustion chamber will be 80-90 degrees. The allowable difference in power is quite large, but if you put a 60 kW boiler in a medium-sized private house, then acid rain from the inside will quickly disable it.

The required boiler power for a particular room is determined by heat engineering calculation. It is easier for residents of high-rise buildings: the data is available in the DEZ, the technical inventory bureau or the owner. In any case, you can use the approximate data by calculating an intermediate value for yourself. Values maximum power given for cases of minimum outdoor temperature at -25/-40 degrees:

One-room apartment on the middle floors - 8/14 kW.
Corner apartment 60 sq.m. total area on the top floor of the block Khrushchev - 20/28 kW.
Private house 100 sq.m common - 24/38 kW.

Boiler

The purpose of the boiler is the accumulation of hot water for domestic needs. If you look at the instructions for the boiler, then the power there will be indicated through a fraction, for example - 10/22 kW. The first digit is the heating output for average conditions; it determines the gas consumption by 80%. The second power, maximum - for the rapid heating of domestic water.

If the boiler is empty, the boiler stops heating the heating for a while (it does not have time to cool down) and heats up to the maximum domestic water. The gas consumption is, of course, the maximum. If water is taken from the boiler little by little, then it will be heated in operating mode, without force majeure. Based on this, the capabilities of the boiler can be judged by its capacity:

2-10 l - wash hands and wash dishes.
30-50 l - take on hastily shower.
100 l - wash thoroughly in the shower.
150 liters or more - you can take a bath and connect a washing machine to the hot water supply.

Note: if you already have it, it is advisable to leave it by turning off its machine. It will come out of it good battery hot water, and in case of problems with the gas boiler, you can turn it on.

Video: expert opinion on the choice of gas boilers

Documents for the boiler

Let's say you equipped a furnace in compliance with all requirements. Buying a boiler Still early. First of all, check if the old papers have been lost for gas, and take them out into the light of day:

Contract for the supply of gas, if the boiler is heating. Subconsumers can only install hot water boilers.
All documents for gas meter. Any boiler cannot be installed without a meter. If it doesn’t exist yet, there’s nothing to be done, you need to set it up and draw it up, but that’s another topic.

Now you can buy a boiler. But, having bought, it is too early to install:

In BTI, you need to make changes to the registration certificate at home. For privatized apartments- through the organization operating the house. In the new plan, a closet under the boiler should be applied, and clearly marked: “Furnace” or “Boiler Room”.
Submit an application to the gas service for the project and specifications. As part of the required documents and the technical passport for the boiler, so it must have already been purchased.
Install the boiler (see next section), except for the gas system. This can be done while the gas workers are preparing the project, if the premises are approved.
Call a specialist to make a gas piping.
Submit an application to gas workers for commissioning.
Wait for the arrival of the engineer gas service, he will check everything, draw up a suitability report and give permission to open the gas shut-off valve to the boiler.

Note: gas workers are not supposed to give permission to private individuals to work on gas equipment. Therefore, to connect gas to the boiler, you will have to call a specialist or then “resolve the issue” with the inspector during commissioning. As a rule, the first one is cheaper.

Boiler installation

Adjacency of the boiler body close to any of the walls is unacceptable; it is forbidden. After installing the boiler in place, it is tied up - connecting three systems: gas, hydraulic and electric. The gas piping should be done by a gas specialist as indicated, and lastly, when everything else is already connected.

Electrical and hydraulic piping can be done independently. Here is the main guidance document– instructions for the boiler. Typical scheme hydropiping of the boiler is shown in the figure. For any boiler, the following conditions must be strictly observed:

Water and hot gases in the boiler heat exchanger must go countercurrent, otherwise it can simply explode with any automation. Therefore, it is extremely important not to confuse, through negligence or for the sake of ease of installation, cold and hot pipes. After hydrobinding, inspect the entire system carefully again, then rest for an hour, and inspect again.
If antifreeze has been poured into the heating system, drain it completely and flush the system twice with clean water. The admixture of antifreeze in the water entering the heat exchanger is also explosive.
Do not neglect the "mud filters" - filters coarse cleaning water. They should be located at the lowest points in the system. The accumulation of dirt between the thin fins of the heat exchanger also creates a dangerous situation, not to mention exorbitant gas consumption. At the beginning and at the end heating season drain the sediment through the sumps, check their condition and, if necessary, flush the system.
If the boiler has a built-in expansion tank and a de-airing system, remove the old expansion tank, and close the old air cock tightly, after checking its condition beforehand: air leakage will also create a dangerous situation.

Video: an example of installing a wall-mounted gas boiler

Outcome

Installation of a gas boiler is technically and organizationally complicated. You can independently install only the simplest water boilers or expensive, fully automated home boilers. But the connection of the boiler to the gas supply system (gas piping) must still be carried out by a gas service specialist or a certified installation organization. Otherwise prohibited by the rules for the installation and operation of household gas appliances.

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