The frame of the house is made of aluminum profile. Inexpensive frame houses - turnkey construction
progressive modern technologies step by step into everyday life. Construction is no exception. In search of the golden mean between price and quality deserves special attention private house from a metal frame.
Light steel thin-walled structures, LSTC, developed in Canada in the mid-50s of the last century. The technology was conceived as an alternative to frame houses.
Almost the same principle of the lung rapid construction warm, durable building was complemented by the properties of metal. Unlike wood, metal not treated with antiseptics, the frame is durable, does not respond to changes in humidity. In addition, on-site rework was kept to a minimum.
LSTK technology is distinguished by:
- increased energy saving measures;
- quick assembly without the use of construction machines;
- building construction in winter;
- a small staff of workers;
- lack of construction debris;
- the possibility of complete dismantling of the building.
To shortcomings technology is one of its positive qualities- light weight. In areas with heaving soils during prolonged frosts, the freezing soil expands, pushes out a structure that does not have sufficient mass. foundation used in difficult conditions, carefully calculated.
The next negative aspect is the lack of a regulatory framework in Russia that regulates the construction of houses in this way.
There is currently no unified set of rules for the construction of LSTC buildings in Russia.
If, in pursuit of profit, manufacturers reduce the thickness of the profile, the amount of zinc for processing - this does not meet the standard that should be regulated by certain construction.
Important! It is necessary to choose a production that fully respects the technology. The indicator of quality is written guarantee for parts and labor.
There are also architectural restrictions - the wall of the second floor can only rest on the wall of the first floor. It is prohibited to rest the structure on the floor.
What is a metal frame house made of?
The main element of LSTK is thin-walled galvanized profile, solid or perforated. A frame made of thin metal profiles, with proper calculation, becomes reliable supporting structure. Galvanized profile does not oxidize, does not deform, does not rot.
The floor of any of the floors can withstand loads up to 1000 kg. This figure is comparable to bearing capacity reinforced reinforced concrete slab. Insulation layers dampen sound waves and vibration.
Some of the profiles are perforated to reduce heat transfer and avoid "bridges of cold", do not let the heat go outside. The thickness of the profile offered by the market varies between 0.75-3 mm.
The frame of the profiles is insulated, the outside is laid with two layers of gypsum fiber, after which the outer cladding is attached.
Outside, the buildings from the metal frame are trimmed:
- siding, metal or vinyl;
- slabs OSB, TsSP, with subsequent finishing with plaster;
- metal profiled sheet;
- brickwork.
From the side of the room, a vapor barrier film is laid, covered with material interior decoration. Between the film and the fence leave an air gap.
As a rule, for inner surface walls use GVL sheets, finishing drywall sheets optional.
For insulation, only non-combustible materials are used - mineral wool, extruded polystyrene foam.
Wall and frame elements are assembled on mechanized assembly tables, delivered to the construction site in large-sized parts or individual racks, adjusted to the millimeter.
The thickness of the walls depends on the climatic region, varies within 150-300 mm, the number of storeys is limited to six.
Development of a project for a house from a metal frame
Typical projects for LSTK technology are standardized, it remains to choose best option with the right climatic conditions.
Individual house project performs the manufacturer. The first step will be the creation of technical specifications for the project. Technical task determines the desired size of the building in the axes, number of storeys, layout features, basic and Decoration Materials buildings.
In places where wall furniture, hanging cabinets are attached, it is planned in advance to strengthen the rigidity of the wall with additional profiles.
Average calculation of a private house project takes 2-5 working days. Miscalculations, errors, disproportion, inconsistency of parts must be eliminated in the factory. Sometimes the forums discuss the characteristic clicking of the frame when heated.
note
Profile cracking in the sun is possible only with errors in installation, trimming the profile, and additional holes.
Properly mounted, unmodified profiles do not make sounds.
Foundation for a metal profile house
The constructive type of foundation for a house made of LSTK should be taken according to local conditions geological composition, the depth of winter freezing of the soil. Foundation for metal frame house do not reinforce, often erected independently. The weight square meter frame 30-45 kg, square meter finished panel about 70 kg.
The following are optimal Constructive decisions foundation:
- tape monolithic. Reinforced concrete tape is poured along the perimeter, under the internal load-bearing walls of the building;
- columnar. The load is taken by evenly distributed pillars, interconnected at the tops by a beam;
- pile bored. The house rests on piles embedded in drilled holes, also tied around protruding heads;
- pile screw. Metal piles are screwed into the ground, scalded around the perimeter with a metal beam;
- slab monolithic foundation. The pit is torn off under the entire area of the building, a single reinforced slab is poured on a sand cushion.
The most costly and time-consuming of the listed structures is slab. With the overall cost-effectiveness of the building project from LSTK, slab foundation being built only on complex mobile, peat soils , where, under the given conditions, another construction is impossible.
Strip foundation the most familiar for individual construction, combined with the device of basements, basement floors.
Trenching the soil is physically easier for self-construction than drilling holes.
Lined at the bottom of the trench, compacted sand cushion, formwork and reinforcing cage are installed.
At one time, the formwork is concreted. concrete mix held until cured.
For installation screw piles required construction machinery , but this is the only way that is effective in winter period. By pressing in and screwing in, a metal pile coated with a corrosion-protective paint is deepened to the design point.
The choice of pile or column foundation eliminates the use of space under the house for basements, cellars, basement floors.
The order of assembly of the iron frame, features
According to the finished foundation, it is laid on the mastic roll waterproofing in two layers. Installation of the LSTK frame house takes place in the following sequence:
- laying the lower binding profile;
- installation of wall racks, from the corner, controlling the verticality of the elements;
- installation of intermediate racks;
- overlap fastening of the upper guide profiles;
- erection of the truss system;
- laying of electrical wiring, engineering networks;
- installation of facing materials with parallel insulation.
The strapping profile is attached to the foundation with anchors, the remaining joints are connected with self-tapping screws.
Special requirements apply to the electrical safety of the building. Wiring and parsing points are carried out in strict accordance with the project. The rules for making connections, the ground loop, the power of automatic fuses and their number are strictly observed.
Important! The roof contour must be grounded, a lightning rod is installed.
Self-construction of a metal frame house
Frame installation one-story house from LSTK with an area of about 100 squares takes 2-4 days when working together. Required Tools just two: screwdriver and riveter.
Work is carried out strictly according to the instructions. Detailing is marked according to the assembly drawing and packed separately.
Parts can be supplied in large, prefabricated units, reducing the complexity of the job and increasing the cost of the kit. The weight of the finished part does not exceed 100 kg, this is provided for ease of assembly.
If the profiles are dismantled, at the first stage, the profiles that form one panel should be decomposed into piles. Racks can be attached both individually and assembled in a plane. After horizontal assembly, the panel is lifted and screwed to the lower tie profile.
Installation of window and doorways is carried out after the frame is sewn from the outside, before the insulation is laid. The insulation must remain dry.
Important! wet, mineral wool insulation lose energy-saving and soundproof properties. Wet mineral wool emits an unpleasant odor when it dries.
To fine finish they start immediately after the construction of the box at home, without interrupting the construction for shrinkage of the building.
Useful videos
Watch a video on how to avoid mistakes when building a metal frame for a house from LSTK:
A visual short video showing the stages of building a cottage based on a metal frame, see:
The video below shows the pros and cons. frame houses from LSTK, video from the free course "What to build a house from":
Do not agree? Let's bet! Leave comments, we will weigh all the pros and cons.
Erecting own house, every owner wants it to be reliable, comfortable and at the same time be inexpensive. Today, there are many ways to build residential buildings, and each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Metal frame houses are also offered on the market, and some choose this type of structure. But what advantages does it have, what should you think about before deciding to make this acquisition, and how do the owners of such mansions respond?
What does the term "frame house" mean?
The frame structure has several layers, like a pie. Externally, the building may look different. It is sheathed with siding, clapboard or other materials that can withstand bad weather and temperature changes. But the main thing in such a structure is a house, which is made of durable insulation between the inner and outer skin, therefore, such buildings are used as shops, baths, summer cottages and, of course, for housing.
House project: price and design
Even before construction begins, it is important to decide on the project. There are two options here: you can order an individual drawing for your future home, or you can choose a ready-made one from the catalog. The second option will cost much less, because you do not have to pay for the work of engineers. In addition, the construction itself will begin faster, because you do not have to wait until the personal project of the house is made and adjusted. Price for finished drawing depends on the size of the building and its complexity. So, for example, the project of a small cottage with two floors will cost about 1000 euros.
Construction assembly
You need to make a reservation right away that it is very difficult to build a house from a metal frame with your own hands. Without skills and experience, this is impossible. Since the whole structure is rather thin-walled, it requires secure fastening of all. The sheathing can also be securely fixed. Also, the profile is the basis of the walls in the building itself, and it is necessary for installing windows and doors. It can also be noted here that the cost of a metal frame, together with fasteners, is approximately 160 thousand rubles of the Russian Federation per set. After the installation of the frame, the facade is sheathed, for this a profiled sheet is used. To save comfortable temperature in the building, insulation is laid layer by layer on the walls and ceilings. In such a design, waterproofing elements are necessarily present. From above, this building is closed with external panels.
Advantages of metal frame structures
Of course, such houses have many advantages. These include:
- fast frame, as well as completely the entire building. Only a couple of months pass from the moment of ordering to its commissioning;
- the appearance of the building is decent and modern;
- a house can be built by a team of four people, and this saves money on attracting labor;
- it is very easy to perform thanks to the even and thoughtful frame of the entire building;
- ease of construction means that it will not be necessary to prepare a powerful foundation, and shrinkage will be negligible;
- in operation, this structure is economical, since it is easy to heat it;
- metal frame houses are durable;
- usually, environmentally friendly building and finishing materials are used in the work, so the building does not “emit” harmful chemicals;
- such a building is able to withstand in seismically unstable zones. Due to the "elasticity" of the frame, the house can withstand shocks up to 9 points;
- according to approximate estimates, the building can stand for more than a hundred years;
- this method of construction allows you to embody various design ideas;
- houses from a metal frame are easy to repair, and at the same time a lot of money will not be spent;
- due to good sound insulation, extraneous noise from the yard does not penetrate into the house;
- construction work can be carried out during the cold season.
Does this technology have disadvantages?
It is known that each building has its shortcomings. What can alert a person who is thinking about such a home? Since we are talking about the entire system of such construction, you can pay attention to the material of the frame. It is made of galvanized steel, which itself has good thermal conductivity and a tendency to corrode, which is very dangerous for a thin structure. But manufacturers claim that they were able to compensate for these shortcomings. various formulations with which the metal is processed. It is also worth noting that metal frame houses must be built by professionals. If errors are made during assembly, the entire structure will soon collapse. Therefore, it is important to note that it will not be possible to save on the construction of a building by entrusting the work to amateurs.
The brick and wood walls are familiar. They are reliable, durable and require large material and physical costs. We remember the frame method of construction when we need to quickly build a warehouse-refrigerator from sandwich panels or a change house for a team of builders. The metal frame of the house is assembled and sheathed in a matter of days. In terms of the ability to retain heat and other characteristics, the structure of the profile and drywall is superior to brick.
metal frame structure
Advantages of metal frame structures of houses
House using a metal frame structure
Construction brick house with its shrinkage of the foundation, solidification of the solution and drying of materials, it takes 2-3 years. Need to do strip foundation and wait a few months after pouring for the deformation to stop, take off internal stresses. Acceleration leads to the occurrence of distortions, cracks, and a reduction in the service life of the walls.
The positive moment of brick and wooden house in its familiarity and predictability. Everyone who wants to know what the house consists of, how to lay out the walls and fix the roof. The frame house seems light, unreliable. He, like Ellie's house, can be blown away by the wind. After all, in America they often report the destruction of houses during a cyclone.
Actually metal carcass The modern house is able to withstand the pressure of the elements and has advantages over classical buildings.
- It retains heat better than brick or stone.
- The metal frame and sheathing are stronger than a wooden frame.
- Making a 2-storey building takes a couple of weeks, and is carried out in any weather, even frost. The exception is heavy rain. From it, the insulation becomes damp and it is unpleasant for workers to work. Power tools cannot be used.
- The cost of materials and installation work is much cheaper.
- In a house from a profile, it is easy to make redevelopment and extension.
- Work at height is carried out without cranes.
- The light weight of the walls allows you to put the building on a light pile or columnar foundation, place the house on a slope and any soil.
- Dismantling and installation of the frame can be done in a few days. If desired, it is easy to transport the building to another place.
- If a hurricane destroys the structure, then the house from the profile is much easier to restore. The frame is load bearing. Enough to make a new skin. No need to dismantle.
The first frame houses began to be built in America. Some have survived in cold Alaska from the time of the Gold Rush to the present day. In rainy Australia, they appreciated the ease of construction, quick installation rolled metal frame and the possibility of using for sheathing simple materials available nearby. During the dry period, the house from the profile keeps cool inside.
Complex calculations and fast construction
Building a house
For the lover to do budget house independently, the metal frame can bring surprises. Complicated calculations can only be done by specialists. The calculation of beam loads itself corresponds to the level of the first semester of the strength of materials. But in construction there is the concept of safety. All nodes have a certain margin of safety. Should be considered:
- the share of metal profile frame;
- sheathing is laid on it, the weight of the ceilings presses;
- furniture and various equipment;
- external loads from snow on the roof, wind;
- you need to know the coefficient of resistance to static and dynamic loads;
- permissible force for twisting and stretching of a metal profile of a given section;
- metal aging and fluidity;
- seismic vibrations in the area.
The list of data for calculation is not complete. My friend, a learned mathematician, set out to calculate a metal frame from a square profile. This proved to be difficult to do. He abandoned existing programs and wrote his own. I constantly help him with the construction and repair of his house and apartment. He gave me this program in gratitude.
Installation starts with a solid sole
Metal frame construction of a private house
The main bearing and supporting elements of the frame are the lower trim - the platform and racks. Depending on their location, there are types of frames:
- with continuous racks;
- frame with overlap;
- rack and beam;
- frame-rack;
- mixed.
A common element is the binding of a metal profile of a larger section of the lower part of the frame. Basically, it is she who lays down on the foundation. The exception is the frame-rack structure, when the load-bearing vertical racks below they pass into piles or rest on them. They try to make such a frame on swampy and flooded soils. Between the soil and the floor there is a gap for ventilation. Water flows freely between metal supports without flooding the house.
Easy to perform metal structure when the frame is made with solid height, not cut racks. At the floor level, vertical strapping beams cut into it. Making such a frame for a house on your own is easier than others. But it has a number of limitations:
- the building has only a rectangular shape;
- the height of the house can be "one and a half floors", or rather the first level of full height and a residential attic.
Canadian technology for assembling houses from prefabricated pallets has become widespread. Easy to make and sew metal frames separately, then lift and connect them. Bearing are not only the frame, but also the outer wall cladding. It is often made of durable LSP, MDF, GKL and plywood boards. Immediately after assembling the house, you can start decorating the walls. The installation time of the metal frame from the profile and its sheathing is reduced to 4 - 6 days. Inside, lining is most often used for sheathing.
The disadvantage of all structures in the absence ground floor. A basement under the house can be made if the metal profile of the frame is attached to a strip foundation. The walls of the premises are laid out separately, and the basement masonry is not used.
The frame of the metal profile is connected:
- welding;
- bolts and crabs under them;
- rivets.
Welding can only be done by an experienced welder who has been certified for this type of work. Otherwise, next to the seam, the connection may soon collapse. In this way, load-bearing metal beams are often fastened. The rest of the frame can be attached to them with crabs and bolted together.
Rivets firmly hold the structure in seismic zones. They allow the frame to deform slightly under changing loads and thus remain intact during earthquakes and vibrations.
Internal partitions and soundproofing
metal frame house
Metal frame from a profile and pipes, convenient for creating interior layout any kind and rapid change of it. Partitions are placed in the right place, filled with polystyrene foam, less often mineral wool. You can sheathe plasterboard in one layer, on load-bearing walls it is better to do GKL twice. Moisture resistant materials are chosen for slopes.
The thickness of the metal profile and insulation is small, 40 - 60 mm. This is enough for soundproofing and installation of interior door frames.
thermal insulation
The metal frame has a high coefficient of thermal conductivity and in the design of the house the profile represents cold bridges. During the construction of a frame house, metal parts insulated with penoizol. It is cut into strips or filled with foam voids and the surface of the metal during installation. Additional insulation is wall decoration with plaster or siding.
Waterproofing is laid between the insulation and inner lining. use vapor barrier films, allowing air to pass through and allowing the walls to breathe.
The cost of building a house from light steel thin-walled turnkey structures includes a budget for the frame, a set of finishing and other materials, as well as a fee for installation work. This technology differs in short terms of realization, and also the favorable price of ready projects.
A residential building using LSTK technology is built according to the following principle:
- Design.
- Foundation laying.
- Assembly and installation of wall panels.
- Assembly and installation of roof trusses.
- Roofing.
- Arrangement of communications.
- Internal and external finishing works.
At the design stage, the main attention is paid to the calculation of the rigidity and strength of the supporting frame. The foundation for a light LSTK building can be absolutely anything. Wall panels and roof trusses are assembled from prefabricated perforated profiles manufactured at the factory from galvanized steel. For covering the roof, traditional materials are used - corrugated board, metal tiles and so on.
The basis of the wall cake is a heater. From the outside, it is closed with a windscreen and facade cladding, from the inside - vapor barrier, drywall and finishing.
Benefits of LSTC technology
By giving preference to LSTK technology in housing construction, the user receives the following benefits:
- low cost of materials;
- compressed lines of construction;
- maximum profitable price when ordering turnkey construction;
- flexibility in the choice and individual completion of projects;
- You can build in any season;
- the house has been serving for over 70 years without repair.
In addition, it is also worth noting the resistance of the galvanized metal frame to corrosion, fire, gusts of wind and seismic loads.
Housing from LSTK: the cost of standard projects
Below is a table with indicative prices for the construction of housing using the LSTK technology. In particular, it is possible to visually understand what are the main components of the budget for the implementation standard projects Full construction.
You can learn more about the construction of housing from light steel thin-walled structures from the specialists of our company by contacting them at the specified phone number or using the form feedback Online.
Approximate prices for the construction of typical housing from LSTK |
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| The total area of the finished house | Housing features | The cost of a metal frame | The cost of the entire set of materials | turnkey construction cost |
| 90 m2 | Single storey Vacation home with four living rooms, a bathroom and a boiler room. | 250 thousand rubles | 1000 thousand rubles | 1500 thousand rubles |
| 120 m2 | Two-storey cottage with a terrace, two living rooms and a bathroom on the first floor, three rooms and a bathroom on the second. | 500 thousand rubles | 1300 thousand rubles | 2000 thousand rubles |
| 130 m2 | Compact two-storey house, on the first level there are two full-fledged rooms, a bathroom and a toilet, on the second - a living room, a bedroom and a nursery, as well as an additional bathroom. | 460 thousand rubles | 1400 thousand rubles | 2200 thousand rubles |
| 140 m2 | A two-story country house, on the first floor there are three rooms plus a bathroom, on the second floor there are the same number of rooms plus a balcony. | 450 thousand rubles | 1600 thousand rubles | 2500 thousand rubles |
| 160 m2 | One-story residential building with an attic, the first floor is divided into four full-fledged rooms plus a bathroom, attic floor divided into two rooms. | 600 thousand rubles | 1800 thousand rubles | 2800 thousand rubles |
| The prices provided in the table are purely indicative, ask our managers for more specific data. | ||||