How to connect an outlet and a switch from one wire. How to power, how to conduct an outlet from a light bulb? Restoring a computer power supply

Is it possible to draw a socket from a switch and a switch from a socket, how is it easier to implement and what to pay attention to?

These are the questions we will try to answer in our article. After all, for sure, many of you have faced the problem of the need to equip a new electric point and it is not always advisable to do a complete renovation in the room for this, and it is not necessary. The main thing is to approach the matter wisely and correctly prioritize.

Before considering the issues of making changes to the existing network, let's look at how it works. After all, your ability to make changes to it directly depends on the understanding of this issue.

The main scheme of the apartment electrical network

First of all, let's decide how the wiring diagram for the apartment or house is made. This scheme begins in the introductory shield.

• So, let's start with the introductory shield. It can be located at the entrance or directly in the apartment. In it you will find an introductory circuit breaker, to which the power cable comes from the general house electrical network. Sometimes, instead of a machine, there are package switches or even knife switches, but this is mainly in old houses.
• From the introductory machine, the wires go to the counter, and from it to circuit breakers groups. Usually there are two or more of these groups. This amount directly depends on the possible loads in your apartment.
• Group automata share electrical network your apartment or house into several unrelated groups. Groups can be formed according to the nature of the loads or the ease of installation. This is not a matter of principle. The only thing that the instruction prescribes is the division into different groups electrical appliances in the bathroom and kitchen with electrical appliances in the living rooms.
• From the group machines, the wires go to one, two or more distribution boxes. They are directly connected to the group network of sockets and switches. Such a concentration of connections in one place allows you to simplify maintenance as much as possible and hide engineering networks.

Connecting switches and sockets

In order to determine whether it is possible to connect a socket from a switch, let's look at the features of their connection to a group supply wire. After all, starting from this, we can clearly imagine our future scheme.

• Three wires are required to connect the socket in accordance with clause 7.1.13 of the Electrical Installation Code. One of them is phase, the second is zero and the third is protective ground. These wires in accordance with clause 1.1.30 of the PUE must be marked blue color neutral wire, yellow-green protective earth wire and any other color phase wire.
• Phase and neutral wire from the supply group wire to junction box are connected to the power contacts of the socket. Protective earth to ground contacts.

• Connecting the switch is even easier to do with your own hands. After all, this requires only two wires. And both of them will be phase. The first wire is connected to the phase conductor of the group line and to the input of the switch.
• The second wire from the switch output goes to the junction box, where it is connected to the phase wire of the lamp. Zero of the lamp, is connected bypassing the switch, directly in the junction box to the supply wire.

Changing the purpose of the electrical point and connecting one from the other

Now you can consider the issues of replacing the switch with a socket or socket with a switch, how to draw a socket from the switch and vice versa. After all, we know the basics of connecting electrical outlets and their features.

Let's start with the simplest operation of replacing an outlet with a switch. In order not to be scattered here and in subsequent recommendations, we will give only the necessary switching, without focusing on the processes of dismantling and installing new equipment.

In addition, we remind you that all connections in the sockets of sockets, switches and junction boxes should be made only after removing the voltage from this group, as well as from the wires of neighboring groups, which may be accidentally touched. The cost of negligence can be very high.

• So, after dismantling the outlet, you have three wires left. One of them is phase, the second is zero and the third is grounding. You already know how to identify them by colors. But it's better to check the correctness of the color with a voltage indicator, as shown in the video.

Always before starting repair work in the room to transfer the switching points of the lamps, it is necessary to think over in advance the places for their installation. Work on the installation of switches and sockets must be accompanied by compliance with the rules safe work. If the room was in operation, it must be de-energized, the installation of wires should be carried out according to the approved scheme.

The solution to many issues in the repaired room is to connect a switching device (switch) of a chandelier or other electrical device from the socket. During the repair process, this method will help save on wires, on the time it takes to complete the work, there is no need to make additional strobes.

Mounting Features

Performing indoors repair work to install additional lighting in order to save labor load (no need to perform wall gating), you need to know that for laying wires there are circuits for switching on the lighting device, which answer the question of how to connect the switch from the outlet, but even in this case, all work has their subtleties.

During the repair process, two-core or three-core electric wires, in which one core there is a phase, on the other zero, if there are three cores, then on the third one there is also grounding.

What material and tools are needed to carry out the work?

To carry out work on installing additional lighting in the room, you must have the following tools and consumables:

• device that can be used to de-energize electrical circuit;
• electrical wiring of the same section and design (aluminum or copper core), which is located throughout the room, house or apartment;
• junction boxes in which we make the connection;
• a screwdriver with an indicator, shows the presence of a phase or its absence;
• pliers and side cutters, with which the connection will be made;
• electrical tape to cover the surface of the twists;
• fasteners and material for work on wooden surface(corrugation or metal strip);
• for mounting switches - socket boxes;
• if necessary, a strobe will need a puncher.

Set of tools

In addition to preparing the tool and the material needed for the work, it is necessary to initially draw a diagram of the electrical connection of the switch and determine the place where it will stand, as well as calculate the cross section of the conductors for additional load.

How to choose electrical wires?

1. You need to know how much power the lamp connected through the switch will be. Using the formula: power \u003d current × voltage, you can find the value of the rated current, in a single-phase network, the voltage is considered to be 220 volts.
2. Knowing the value of the rated current, according to the table, you can select the wire of the desired section.

How to choose the right switch?

In order to choose the right switch, you need to understand that its design includes a current collector and a circuit breaker. The industry offers the following types of such devices:

All enabling devices have same principle connections electrical conductors, but may have various mounts contacts with them, some products require special tool or Phillips screwdriver.

Scheme for switching on a circuit breaking device through a socket

In order to connect the switch using a socket, apply standard scheme inclusions. Important! The phase conductor always breaks in the breaker, and zero goes directly to the light source:

1. A junction box is installed, into which wires are brought from the existing outlet (you must first de-energize the room), the wires going to the switch, and the wire from the lamp.
2. We connect one core from the source of electricity consumption to zero, the phase must be put on the switch; if it goes through a junction box, then it is connected to the core from the switch.

In the presented diagram, the phase wire goes from the light bulb directly to the breaker, when it is in the “on” position, electricity is consumed, when in the “off” position, the load does not receive electricity.

How to choose the wire size?

Often electrical connection the source of energy consumption, for example, a sconce from an outlet, occurs to install additional lighting, in our case it can be one or more sconces, for this reason the current is low and it is possible to choose the wires of the desired section, but there are nuances:

• according to safety requirements and PUE, for these purposes it is impossible to use a wire with a copper core section of less than one square millimeter;
• and a wire with an aluminum core of at least two and a half square millimeters.

When choosing a wire, it is necessary to take into account how it is laid, so there are certain conditions for open laying:

• for a copper core wire, the minimum cross section is 1.5 square millimeters;
• the minimum value of the aluminum core is 4.0 square millimeters.

For laying wires outer wall the house or building has the following requirements:

• for wires with copper conductors - 2.5 square millimeters;
• for aluminum wire conductors - 4.0 square millimeters.

How to independently connect the light source from the switch?

One of simple ways, according to experts, is the inclusion of a wall lamp in the circuit through a switch powered by a socket using a neutral and phase wire, it is especially beneficial to do this when the lamp is located close to the switch.

To make this work, you need to do the following:

1. Conduct installation work to install the light source and switch, then carry out the steps to connect them.
2. From the outlet from which we will connect our voltage breaker, we remove the voltage using the machine in the shield (usually the wiring is carried out according to consumption groups), we check with a “probe” for the absence of a phase.

1. We open the socket; if the work on its connection is performed with a copper wire with a color difference, then:

• zero - blue wire;
• grounding - the second wire with double color(yellow-green);
• phase - the third wire, it can be brown.

If there is no color difference and the connection is successful aluminum wire, it is necessary to briefly apply voltage to the outlet and determine the phase of the wire conducting electricity with a “probe”.

1. We connect the wire from the switch to the socket phase (to its input), which is already connected to the breaker, and to the output from the switch.
2. When you don’t know how, the solution is the same, but from the output of the electrical circuit interrupter, each phase wire goes to its own light source, or for a chandelier to its own power consumption bulbs.
3. We connect the neutral wire of the switch to the light bulb to the zero core of the socket, if there is a ground wire in the socket, we connect it to the ground wire from the light source.
4. After that, the wiring is laid and all connections are insulated, as well as a test assembled circuit.

How to connect a socket-switch, which is assembled in a single housing?

When there is a socket in the bedroom or in another area of ​​the room, and you want to install a wall lamp or a floor lamp, you can use the socket-switch device, which is assembled in a single housing, this is done as follows:

• the socket has a regular connection, phase and zero; in new buildings, euro sockets are connected with a ground wire;
• we supply the phase to the input of the interrupter (switch), and from its output the wire goes to the lamp;
• two other wires (this is the neutral wire and ground) we make the connection directly to the lamp.

Understand what can't be done reverse connection, in other words, connect the outlet from the switch, it can only receive electricity from the machine in the shield of the house or apartment.

Conclusion

All wiring diagrams of the circuit interrupter (switch) do not have difficult decision, but rules must be followed electrical safety. Experts recommend planning and carrying out all work in stages, after completing the installation work, you can check the correctness of the assembled circuit, then apply voltage and check the circuit in operation.

A simple adapter from a light bulb holder to a socket can come in handy in places common use, where there are no stationary sockets for connecting electrical appliances, but there are only lamps with light bulbs. This may be your entrance, basement, etc.

There are times when you need to use a power tool in these places, but there is nowhere to power it. This simple device will come to your aid, which can be made from a burned-out LED or energy-saving lamp.

What is needed for the adapter?

• Light bulb LED or another in a plastic case.
• Wall socket with open installation.
• A piece of wire with a cross section of 1-2 squares.

Making an adapter socket - cartridge

We disassemble the light bulb, separating the glass sphere from the plastic. Usually it is glued and if you pry with a screwdriver, the sphere will move away from the plastic. Be careful.

We take out all the electronics from the insides and solder the wires to the lamp base. The operation requires skill and a thin soldering iron.

We clean the wires.

We disassemble the socket. Drilling a hole in reverse side wire sockets.

We pass the wires into the hole.

We connect to contacts. We twist.

Glue the socket to the lamp as in the photo. Hot or regular terminals.

We assemble everything, twist the socket housing.

Your adapter: socket-cartridge is ready! The thing is very necessary sometimes, so feel free to collect, in household sure to come in handy.

See this and other interesting and useful homemade products in the video.

How easy and fast to make useful device in the form of a light bulb-socket!

Hello to all DIY lovers! Once I came across a coven to install partitions in a small shed. I usually worked as a screwdriver, but I forgot to take it for him Charger, and as it usually happens, the screwdriver sat down, and the work was not finished. As luck would have it, there was no socket in this shed, but the light bulb hung and connected mains screwdriver it was not possible in a regular way, so I had to remove the cartridge and farm it directly. Actually, this case prompted me to make a simple but useful device, just for such cases when there is no outlet, but there is a cartridge. Also, this homemade product is suitable for repairs in entrances, where it is not always possible to connect the tool to a power outlet.

Materials and tools

To make a light bulb socket you will need:

• light bulb (energy-saving or LED);
• round socket according to the diameter of the bulb base
• thick wire;
• two screws with nuts;
• soldering iron;
• screwdriver.

Making light bulb sockets

First of all, we disassemble the light bulb into two halves. You can separate it simply by hand, there is nothing complicated. (it is better not to throw out the circuit if the capacitors are intact, they will never be superfluous, such can be soldered in.

Next, try on the socket to the base of the light bulb. In my case, everything fits perfectly and you can simply put the socket on the base with an interference fit, but if it doesn’t fit for you, then you can make a wooden spacer.

As you can see from the photo below, the wires in the bulb base are very thin and just need to be replaced.

Instead of soldering, I decided to use bolts and nuts. It seems to me that it will be more reliable than soldering.

We take a thicker wire, clean it, well, you can use a knife)))
And we tin the ends, making a ring, so that everything is fastened tightly and durable.

The next step is to drill a hole in the center of the bulb base and on the side and fasten the wires, as shown in the photo below.

It remains quite a bit, we connect the outlet and tightly fit it on the base of the light bulb.

And in the end it turns out this simple, but very useful homemade!

It's time to go and test it.

How to "power" the car radio from a computer power supply?

The main topic has already been voiced in the title, so let's get straight to the point. So what do we need? First, a working car stereo or car CD/MP3 receiver. I had a Panasonic CQ-DFX883N car CD/MP3 receiver in my hands.

Secondly, an AT or ATX format computer power supply. Now there is a lot of computer hardware from old PCs, including power supplies.

Where can I find it for free or for minimal money?

Pull out of your old PC, which is gathering dust in the closet;

Buy for a penny at the "flea market" - there are 100% of these on any radio market;

Repair and bring to mind a faulty computer PSU.

For my idea, I bought a "second-hand" power supply just at the "flea market".

Before connecting a computer PSU to a car radio, you need to check it and, if necessary, bring it to working condition. More on this later, but for now, how to connect the car radio to a computer power supply.

Connecting the car radio to a computer power supply.

At computer block power supply (PSU) there is a healthy harness with output connectors. Black wires are a negative or common wire. On yellow voltage + 12V is applied. We will not need the remaining wires - we will not use them. So we need to take only 12V from the power supply. To do this, take any of the connectors MOLEX or floppy connector. Next, we bite off the yellow wire (+ 12V) from it and the black wire - negative. Then we connect these wires to the power wires of the car radio.

It is worth noting that the output channel at + 12V is quite powerful and can "give" a current of 8-10 amperes to the load (with a PSU power of 200 - 300 W), which, in fact, is what we need. Typically, the maximum current drawn by a car CD/MP3 receiver is 10-15 amps. But this is the maximum!

In addition, you need to carry out a slight revision if you have an ATX format power supply. I'll talk about this a little later.

The car radio has 3 wires to which the power supply (voltage + 12V) is connected from the car's standard electrical network. The black wire is a minus (in other words, a common wire, "ground", Ground). The yellow wire is +12V (marked as Battery). These are the main wires for connecting power to the car radio.

But even if you connect these wires to a battery or power supply, we will not turn on the car radio - it will be in standby ("sleep") mode.

Therefore, we are looking for a red wire (marked ACC) at the car radio and twist it together with yellow wire+12V.

How to make a cordless screwdriver from a cordless screwdriver

Regularly, the red wire is connected to the ignition switch of the car.

As soon as the driver closes the electrical circuit with the ignition key, the car radio automatically switches from sleep mode to working mode - the backlight of the car radio display turns on. In this case, the red wire through the ignition switch is shorted to plus + 12V. We do this by forcibly connecting the yellow (+ 12V) and red wires.

In this case, the car radio will turn on immediately when power is applied.

The difference between AT and ATX computer power supplies.

AT format computer units do not have a standby power supply +5 (Standby) and output voltages of 3.3V. Therefore, when such a unit is turned on, voltage appears immediately at its outputs + 12V, + 5V, -12V, -5V.

ATX format power supplies have a standby power supply on +5V SB (Standby). It always works as long as the power supply is connected to the 220V network. In order for voltages +12V, -12V, +5V, -5V, +3.3V to appear on the output channels, you need to close the main output connector green and black the wire.

If you want the output voltages to appear immediately after the PSU is turned on, then you can install a jumper between the green ( Power ON) and black wire. In this case, the power supply will exit the "sleep" mode immediately after applying 220V mains voltage to it.

Restoration of a computer power supply.

First, try to turn on the power supply. In most cases, used (used or "used") power supplies from a PC, as a rule, are working, but have some defects (lack of some output voltages, low voltage on one of the channels +12, -12, +5, -5 volts, etc.). Even if the power supply starts up - at the same time the fan starts to turn - it is worth opening the case of the power supply, removing all the dust from it, unscrewing printed circuit board and inspect the contacts for leaks. If necessary, correct defects.

Before carrying out any work, it is necessary to disconnect the power supply from the 220V network. Also, after that, it does not hurt to forcibly discharge the high-voltage electrolytic capacitors of the input rectifier (220-470 uF. * 250V). This can be done by connecting a 100-200 kΩ resistor for a few seconds in parallel with the capacitor contacts. Naturally, you should not hold the resistor with your fingers - otherwise you can get a slight electric shock.

This operation is necessary because residual the electric charge of capacitors is dangerous (in operating mode they are 200V!).

If you accidentally touch the terminals of the capacitors, you can get a slight electric shock. The phenomenon is very unpleasant.

Particular attention should be paid to the state of the electrolytic capacitors of the output rectifiers. If they are swollen, have a serif gap, then they need to be replaced with new ones.

More details about the design of AT format computer power supplies are described here.

To make the power supply look more solid, you can paint it with aerosol spray paint (sold at any auto parts store).

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How to connect a light bulb and a switch?

You don't have to be a jack-of-all-trades to hook up a light bulb and a switch. Whether it's a light bulb and a switch in your apartment or the so-called "carry" for the garage, the only difference is that for "carrying" you do not need to lay the wiring along the walls and ceiling and it is connected with a plug to the outlet.

markup

Popular wisdom says for good reason that you need to cut only when you have measured 7 times. Therefore, treat the markup with due attention, it is at this moment that you are mentally doing the work that after that will only have to be brought to life.

We make notes in those places where there will be a light bulb and a switch. It should be noted that the switch is usually placed near the door at a height of 80-90 cm from the floor, that is, at the height of a freely lowered hand. But you should not take everything literally, if all the switches in your corridor are set to a height of 1.7 meters, then yours at 0.8 will clearly fall out of the picture.

Make sure that when you open the door, it does not block the switch, it will not be convenient to use it. Also mark the routes for future wiring. The wiring must go from the switch to the junction box (or outlet, if you will power the circuit from it) and from the light bulb to the same junction box (socket). When marking, stick to important rules: When wiring is located next to other walls and ceilings, indent from them about 20 centimeters. Make sure that the wires are located only horizontally and vertically, so that they bend at a right angle. Please note that in load-bearing walls strobes should be minimum depth and sizes. You should make sure that there is no old wiring in it, read how to detect it.

Shredding (if needed)

Then comes the nasty process of shredding. So that your interior is not spoiled by the wires laid over the wallpaper in the future, they can be hidden in the walls, having previously made special recesses in the latter - strobes. I will not delve into this topic, because. in the article I want to focus on the electrical part of the issue. I will only note that in your case the walls can be either from different materials(concrete or drywall), and the switch can be internal, which must be deepened into the wall, or a consignment note. All this will directly affect the volume and method of gating. Without proper experience and tools, it is better to lay the cable over the walls, securing it with plastic brackets.

Wiring

Now we need a two-wire wire, which we lay in the grooves made in advance. It will be easiest to fix them there with a diluted solution of alabaster.

It should be remembered that this binder seizes very quickly, so you will have to act quickly. We cut off the wires with a margin, we will always have time to shorten them!

Cartridge and switch

When the wiring process is over, the switch itself and the cartridge should be connected. It will not be difficult, just remove five centimeters of primary insulation and strip the cores themselves by about a centimeter. Then place them in the connectors specially provided on the switch and the base, and squeeze with a screwdriver. There are only two contacts in the switch for one light bulb, so you can’t go wrong. When connecting the cartridge, the polarity does not matter, i.e. it doesn’t matter where you throw the phase, and where zero is, the light bulb will work. However, safety requires that the phase be on the central contact of the light bulb, and zero on the threaded one.

Wiring diagram

Connection to junction box

Now the most exciting process begins - connecting your wiring to the junction box. If you know where the source is electric current to which you can connect, then this is already good, otherwise the search for a junction box may be delayed.

To connect wiring directly to electrical panel through an additional machine, use the instructions for installing the machine in the shield and connect the cable to it. By the way, you can also power the circuit from the nearest outlet, this is not prohibited. If you planned to make a “carry”, then, of course, everything is decided by connecting the plug to the end of the wire.

To begin with, using an indicator screwdriver, we determine power wire(phase) and zero in the junction box or outlet. If you never held indicator screwdriver here is an article on how to use it. Was your electrician decent? Then the colors of the wires must match: brown or white - phase, and blue - zero. Old wiring, of course, does not contain colored wires and can look like anything. In this case, you will have to be guided only by the testimony indicator screwdriver. If you do not have a special tolerance group (and most likely you do not, otherwise you would not be reading this article), it is strictly forbidden to work under open voltage! Therefore, you should unscrew the plugs, turn off the machines, and use the same indicator to make sure that the power wire is de-energized.

We power the switch through the phase, that is, we connect the power wire to the white or brown wire that comes from the switch, and connect zero to the blue wire that comes from the light bulb as in the diagram. The remaining white and blue wires that go, respectively, to the light bulb and the switch are interconnected.

Radio communication

We carefully isolate all twists with electrical tape. If you want to expand your circuit by connecting an additional light bulb or, for example, adding an outlet, you can use a double or triple switch, here is how to do it.

twist aluminum and copper wires it is forbidden! This is an extremely unstable compound that quickly oxidizes and can not only fail, but also ignite. To connect such wires, use special terminal blocks. In the electrical store, they are presented in a wide range. According to the rules good manners and for safety reasons, try to use blocks instead of twisting wires everywhere.

If you did everything right, you can be proud of your work. If not ... well, finally call an electrician.

I really hope that the article will be useful for you and you will succeed. Perhaps I forgot to say something important that seems self-evident to me and completely incomprehensible to you. Therefore, I will wait for your comments below and will be happy to answer questions, supplement and correct the article if necessary. Thank you for your attention!