TTK. Treatment of surfaces for painting with aqueous and non-aqueous compounds. Partial lubrication on top. Painting surfaces with non-aqueous compounds Preparation of wooden surfaces

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHART (TTK)

SURFACE TREATMENT FOR COLORING WITH WATER AND NON-WATER COMPOSITIONS. PARTIAL GREASE OF SURFACES

1 AREA OF USE

Typical routing designed for painting work, surface treatment for painting with water and non-aqueous formulations(partial lubrication of surfaces).

grease- this is the process of filling with putty compositions (lubricating pastes) preliminarily primed, widened by cutting slots in wooden structures, cracks in plaster and individual damaged areas in concrete structures. Lubrication is done manually or with steel spatulas.

Painting work consists of several operations, the number and nature of which depend on the type of painting of the used paint composition and on the material of the surface to be painted (substrate). First, operations are performed to prepare the surfaces to be painted, then priming (prooling), puttying, grinding, second priming and painting. With large volumes of work, a complex of operations is performed, selecting the color of the paint compositions. Execution sequence painting works for various conditions production is indicated in the ENiR and in the SNiP.

Painting works

A. Composition of technological operations

Building codes establish three types of paints in terms of quality: simple, improved and high-quality, and a list of technological operations that must be performed so that the corresponding paint meets the sanitary, technical or aesthetic requirements imposed on it.

The use of foreign-made paints and varnishes, which are distinguished by high technological and operational qualities, does not contradict the technology adopted by us regarding the set of operations in their technological sequence, but it gives a real opportunity to significantly improve the quality of painting work and reduce the time for their implementation. To do this, it is necessary to study the composition of technological operations and select the necessary materials according to their purpose and properties, using the information contained in this manual and the instructions of manufacturers.

Table 1.1

Technological operations performed during the preparation and painting of indoor surfaces with oil, enamel and synthetic paints

	Type of coloring
Technological operations		improved and highly quality		improved and highly quality		improved and highly quality
	on wood	for plaster and concrete	for metal
1. Cleaning
2. Smoothing surfaces
3. Cutting out knots and resins with grouting
4. Jointing of cracks
5. Priming (pro-oiling)
6. Partial grease polished greased
7. Priming of greased places
8. Solid putty
9. Sanding
10. Priming
11. Flattening
12. Sanding
13. First coloring
14. Flattening
15. Sanding
16. Second coloring
17. Flanging or trimming

Table 1.2

Technological operations performed in the preparation and painting of external surfaces

Technological	Paint compositions
operations	silicate	lime and cement	emulsion synthetic	vinyl	oiled and enameled	cement and viscous cement
1. Cleaning
2. Stitching
3. Lubrication
4. Sanding
5. Puttying
6. Sanding
7. Wetting
8. Priming
9. First coloring
10. Second coloring

Note: 1. When high quality painting surfaces are added solid putty, followed by grinding.

2. The “+” sign indicates the processes, the implementation of which is mandatory.

B. Surface preparation and treatment technology

1. Cleaning

Cleaning - removing dust, splashes and streaks of mortar from the surface with metal spatulas, scrapers, steel brushes, rags or mechanized way. The same operations include the drying of individual damp places, the elimination of grease stains, efflorescence, rust, scale.

To remove oily stains, the surfaces are washed with a 5% solution of trisodium phosphate ( washing powder) or soda ash by diluting them in water with a temperature of 30-40°C. After 0.5 - 1 hour, the surface is neutralized with a 5% solution of hydrochloric acid.

When resinous substances appear on the plastered surface, the plaster is completely replaced.

Oil stains are removed with burnt magnesia paste mixed with gasoline, toluene or benzene.

Oil stains are removed with a paste consisting of two parts fluff lime and one part pumice powder (by weight).

Stains of non-drying oils are removed with oily clay applied to the stain with a layer of 3-4 mm. After drying, the clay is scraped off and the surface is washed.

Efflorescence is removed with metal brushes, the surface is washed with a weak solution of hydrochloric acid (5%), followed by rinsing clean water and drying.

When repairing and restoring surfaces previously painted with chalk, adhesive, casein compounds, they are pre-moistened with water and scraped off; the covering layer of plaster is rubbed again lime mortar on fine sand and after drying, primed with a composition recommended for a new color.

In case of large damage or contamination of the plaster, it is advisable to replace it completely.

When repairing and restoring surfaces previously painted with oil, synthetic or enamel compounds lagging layers should be removed. If the old paint holds firmly, it is not scraped off, but cleaned with sandpaper. Contaminated surfaces are washed with warm soapy water, and in case of significant contamination - with solvents (turpentine, kerosene, white spirit, gasoline). Oil paint is removed and by chemical means using pastes that soften the old paint layer, which is then easily scraped off.

The composition of the pastes:

Lime dough - 0.5 kg, sifted chalk - 0.5 kg, caustic soda (20% solution);

Sifted chalk - 0.5 kg, asbestos dust - 0.5 kg, caustic soda (20% solution).

The softened layer is scraped off with scrapers or spatulas, then washed with a 2% solution. acetic acid, then - with clean water, wipe with a rag and dry.

2. Surface smoothing.

With the end of a tree, a piece of flaky stone (sandstone of hard rock) or sand-lime brick, roughness is eliminated and cleaned of mortar splashes when preparing new plastered surfaces.

3. Cutting knots and resins with jointing of cracks.

Cutting is done with carpentry tools. Cracks are embroidered with a metal spatula.

4. Jointing (cutting) cracks.

Jointing is carried out with a knife or a steel spatula to a depth of at least 2 mm for filling with putty. After smoothing and jointing cracks, the surface is carefully dedusted.

5. Priming (pro-oiling).

The cleaned and dust-free surface is primed to level and reduce its porosity, harden the surface layer of the base, improve adhesion with subsequent layers (putty, paint) and reduce the overall consumption of paint. To perform these functions, the primer must penetrate deep into the pores of the base and therefore must be thinner and more plastic than the paint that will be used in subsequent paint layers. The primer composition is selected in accordance with the binder of the coloring composition, most often a diluted coloring composition is used. Usually, manufacturers producing paint formulations recommend appropriate primers for them.

6. Partial greasing with grinding of lubricated areas.

Embroidered and primed cracks, potholes, irregularities are filled with grease, and more often putties using metal or rubber spatulas.

First, the cracks are filled with transverse movements of the spatula, then the applied layer is leveled with the movements of the spatula along the cracks, achieving an even and smooth surface.

After the putty dries, it is sanded.

7. Priming of greased places.

Sanded places are dedusted and primed with the same primer that was used to prime the entire surface.

8. Solid putty.

It is produced with improved and high-quality painting of surfaces for leveling roughness and irregularities on plastered, wooden, concrete and other surfaces. It is applied with spatulas with metal, plastic or rubber blades, depending on the nature of the surface and the degree of preparation of the substrate.

If the irregularities cannot be eliminated with one continuous putty, the continuous putty is repeated (after grinding).

9. Sanding solid putty.

It is produced after complete drying and hardening of the putty layer with the help of devices into which sanding paper is attached. The dust formed after grinding is removed by sweeping and using vacuum cleaners.

10. Surface priming after solid putty.

The putty layer must be primed, since it, like the base, is quite porous.

11. Flattening the surface.

Flattening the surface primed with a brush is carried out immediately after applying the primer to a small area, until the primer has been absorbed into the putty layer. Produced with a flat brush with long and soft hair (flutz brush) to remove traces of a hard handbrake or flywheel. Flaking is not carried out when applying the primer with rollers or spray guns.

12. Grinding of the entire primed surface after it has dried.

It is produced with a fine sandpaper to remove individual protruding irregularities from accidental inclusions that have fallen into the primer, dust particles, etc., and to create some surface roughness for better adhesion with the subsequent paint layer.

13. First coloring.

It is produced after the completion of the entire complex of technological operations for the preparation and processing of the surface for painting.

14. Flattening (see item 11).

15. Grinding (see item 12).

16. Second coloring.

Completes the application of preparatory and painting layers. If all the previous operations were performed with high quality, then after the first painting the surface looks so good that there is no need for a second painting, which, nevertheless, is provided for by the standards.

17. Flattening or trimming.

The performance of these operations is purely decorative purpose. Trimming is done with a trimming brush, the hair of which is fixed in the handle not along its axis, like with all other brushes, but perpendicularly. Striking such a brush with the ends of the hair on a completely painted surface achieves its uniform roughness and achieves the effect of silky dullness. Flaking enhances the gloss of oil-resin paints to a mirror finish. Flattening is possible only when using paints with a sufficiently long drying time, comparable to oil paints and the like. Flattening and facing are not done when using quick-drying paints and paints that give a matte texture when dried.

IMPROVED OIL PAINT OF WINDOW AND DOOR UNITS

Partial lubrication and grinding of lubricated areas

Performers

Painter II category - 1.

Steel spatula - 3;

A box for putty measuring 300x200x150 mm - 1;

Inventory step-ladder - 1;

Clip for attaching bream or pumice stone - 1;

Wooden block for fastening the sandpaper - 1.

Sequence of operations

Window and door blocks should be delivered to the objects pro-oiled, with cut and patched branches and resins.

By the beginning of painting work, window frames should be glazed in all rooms, wooden structures should be smoothly planed and carefully fitted at the junctions. The moisture content of wood should not exceed 12%.

Painting work begins after the completion of all general construction and special works, with the exception of parquet flooring, linoleum stickers and lacing open electrical wiring.

Partial lubrication and grinding of lubricated areas is performed in the following order:

Fill with putty defective places on the block;

After drying, the greased places are polished with sandpaper or pumice.

At a height of more than 2 m from the floor, they work from a ladder-ladder.

Partial greasing (trowel, stepladder, putty box; Fig. 1, 2). Partial lubrication is carried out with steel spatulas. The size of the spatula is chosen depending on the size and shape of the places to be smeared. Profiled parts are greased with a universal spatula. The painter greases the cracks with a thick putty, moving the spatula first across the crack, and then along it.

Grinding greased places (ladder-ladder, holder for bream, block for sanding skin; fig. 3). Grinding is performed with a pumice stone or sandpaper until the surface is smoothed and roughness and sagging are completely removed. The painter polishes the clip or pad in a circular motion. He polishes profiled surfaces with sandpaper without pads.

PAINTING OF CEILINGS WITH PUTTY WITH POLYMER-CEMENT COMPOSITION

Jointing of cracks and partial lubrication of the surface of ceilings

Performers

Painter III category (M1) - 1;

Painter II category (M2) - 1.

Tool, fixtures, inventory

Spatula with a steel blade 30 cm wide - 2;

Spatula steel narrow - 2;

Table-scaffolding 1400x1000x800 mm in size - 2;

Bucket for putty - 3.

Sequence of operations

Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully check the quality of the plaster of all ceilings to be treated, as well as prepare and deliver to workplace tools, inventory and ready putty.

The composition of the putty should not include components that chemically affect subsequent layers (priming, coloring).

Work should be carried out in strict compliance with the safety and labor protection rules for workers in accordance with SNiP.

Operations for jointing cracks and partial lubrication of the surface of the ceilings are performed in the following order:

Install scaffold tables at the workplace;

Lay materials and tools on them;

Expand cracks and lubricate individual places.

Fig.4. Workplace organization:

M1, M2 - jobs for painters; 1 - scaffolding tables; 2 - direction of work

Jointing of cracks and lubrication of individual places (wide and narrow spatulas; Fig. 5, 6). Jointing cracks painters produce in two movements. Resting with one hand on the ceiling, with the other hand, the painter embroiders a crack in the plaster with a narrow spatula to a depth of about 2 mm. In this case, the plane of the spatula should be inclined to the right at an angle of approximately 60 ° to the ceiling surface. When moving again, the plane of the spatula is tilted to the left.

Then, with his left hand, the painter picks up putty with a narrow spatula and puts it on a wide spatula, which he holds in his right hand. Leaning against the ceiling with your left hand, and pressing the blade with your right wide spatula to the ceiling surface at an angle of 30 °, the painter leads it forward, applying the putty composition to the ceiling surface. Cracks are smeared and the applied layer is leveled by moving a narrow spatula across and along the crack. In the course of work, the painters rearrange their scaffolding tables.

OIL PAINTING OF BOARD FLOORS

Partial greasing of floors with grinding and pro-oiling of lubricated areas

Performers

Painter II category - 1.

Tool, fixtures, inventory

Steel spatula for lubrication of individual places - 1;

Spatula universal with rubber insert - 1;

Handbrake brush for oiling greased places - 1;

Wooden block for fastening the sanding skin - 1;

Putty box 300x200x150 mm in size with - 1;

Bucket for drying oil - 1.

Sequence of operations

Before starting work, you must:

Cut off sagging and transverse joints, remove burrs and roughness from the floor;

Sew all the boards to the joists with nails;

Clean the floors from dust and dirt, dry and proliferate them;

Deliver materials and tools to the workplace;

To warm the room for the period of work in cold weather.

Work should be carried out in strict compliance with the safety and labor protection rules for workers in accordance with SNiP.

Operations for partial greasing, grinding and pro-oiling of the lubricated places of plank priests are performed in the following order: the damaged places are lubricated, then they are dried, polished and dried.

Lubrication of damages on the floor surface with putty (trowels, putty box; Fig. 7). Perpendicular to the crack (pothole) movements of the spatula, the painter fills it with thick putty, if possible, to the entire depth of the crack. Then, by moving the spatula along the damaged areas, the putty layer is leveled flush with the floor surface and smoothed with a rubber spatula.

Grinding greased places (block with sandpaper; Fig. 8). The painter grinds the dried greased places with a sandpaper fixed in a block. He performs grinding with circular movements of the block until the greased surface is completely smoothed.

Drying oiled and polished places (handbrake brush, bucket with drying oil). The painter cleans the polished surface with a rag, and then, by moving the handbrake brush to the right and left, they oil the greased and polished places.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

Partial lubrication of surfaces

Scope of work

Preparation of lubricating pastes and partial greasing for leveling small potholes, cracks, places for removing knots and resins and other small defects on concrete, plaster, wood and metal surfaces.

Grinding greased areas with pumice stone or sanding paper with dust removal.

Proolifka polished and dusted greased areas with a brush or roller.

Work technology. Prior to lubrication of cracks, potholes, surface irregularities, it is necessary to make sure that the previous operations have been completed in full and with high quality. The surfaces to be treated must be clean (without dust, dirt, mortar streaks), dry with embroidered cracks. Previously, the surfaces are primed (for water-based paints) or drying oil (for oil paints).

Lubrication paste is selected in accordance with the surface material (concrete, plaster, wood, metal) and the type of color (lime, adhesive, oil).

The compositions are applied with rubber, wooden or metal spatulas on a dried primer or drying oil.

Cracks and bumps in the ceilings and the top of the wall are greased with universal or two-height folding tables. The composition is applied with mutually perpendicular movements of the spatula, first across and then along the crack.

With partial lubrication of the wall surface, the painter supports the handle of the spatula from below with two fingers, and with the index and middle fingers presses it tightly from above to the wall surface. Moving the spatula with a herringbone with a slight pressure on the canvas, he applies the lubricating paste. In this case, the angle between the plane of the spatula and the surface of the wall is about 30°.

Lubrication of damages on the floor surface is performed by movements of the spatula perpendicular to the crack (pothole), filling it with a thick paste, if possible, to the entire depth of the crack. Then, by moving the spatula along the damaged area, level the layer of paste (putty) flush with the floor surface and smooth it with a rubber spatula.

The treated areas are primed or dried with a fly brush or a hand brush.

If shrinkage cracks are found on the primed or oiled greased places, they make a secondary oiling of these places, followed by grinding, cleaning and pro-oiling or priming.

Compositions and methods of preparation of lubricant pastes

Gypsummelic lubricating paste under lime and glue paint.Compound, kg: gypsum binder - 1; ground chalk - 2; animal glue (2% solution) - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. Gypsum binder is thoroughly mixed with chalk, and then closed with a 2% water-adhesive solution to a working viscosity.

Note. The paste does not require pre-priming. Instead, the areas to be smeared are lightly moistened with water.

Lime-gypsum-sand lubricating paste for lime paint.Compound, kg: lime dough - 1; gypsum binder - 0.4; fine or ground sand - 3; water - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. Lime dough is diluted with water and mixed with sand. The gypsum binder is diluted with milk of lime and poured into the solution, stirring vigorously.

Gypsummel lubricating paste primer composition under adhesive paint.Compound, kg: gypsum binder - 1; ground chalk - 2; vitriol primer or on alumina - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. Gypsum binder is mixed with chalk, closed with a primer. The mixture is stirred until smooth.

When preparing gypsum lubricating paste, it must be remembered that the gypsum binder sets quickly and therefore the dry mixture of gypsum binder with chalk is closed not with pure water, but with water with a setting retarder, usually animal glue. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the procedure for preparing compositions with a gypsum binder, in which water is first poured into a container or into a mixer, and then, while mixing the composition, the dry gypsum-melt mixture is gradually poured. When changing the sequence, an evenly moistened paste will not work - lumps are formed that cannot be stirred.

Lubricating paste for oil paints.Compound, kg: drying oil - 1; animal glue (10% solution) - 0.1 l; ground chalk - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. A solution of animal glue is introduced into drying oil with vigorous stirring. Chalk is gradually added to the resulting emulsion in separate portions until a paste of working density is formed. Ready composition passed through a paint mill.

Lacquer base paste.Compound, kg: putty varnish - 1; animal glue (10% solution) - 0.1; ground chalk - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. An aqueous solution of glue is introduced into the varnish and thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous mass is formed, then chalk is added, bringing the composition to a working viscosity.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE QUALITY OF WORK PERFORMANCE

quality requirements. Partial lubrication should be carried out after quality control of the primed surface and only with a special lubricating paste or putty that stands out in color on the primer layer.

Cracks on the surface of structures must be filled with paste or putty to a depth of at least 2 mm, and shells and irregularities must be filled and smoothed.

Compositions and methods of preparation of putties

1. Adhesive putty on the primer composition.Compound, l: primer composition (2) or (3) - 10; animal glue (10% solution) - 1.5; ground chalk - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. The components are mixed and ground on a paint grinder.

2. Adhesive putty.Compound, kg: animal glue (tiled) - 1.25; laundry soap(40% solution) - 0.62; drying oil oxol - 0.62; ground chalk -64.5 ... 69.5; water - 25 ... 30 l.

Cooking method. The pre-soaked glue is boiled until completely dissolved, then soap and drying oil are added, mixed and the composition is brought to the state of an emulsion. The emulsion is diluted with water, ground chalk is added and the composition is ground on a paint grinder.

3. Polymer adhesive putty.Compound, kg: PVA dispersion - 0.6 ... 0.8; aqueous solution of CMC (5%) - 2; laundry soap (10% solution) - 1; ground chalk - 6.2 ... 6.4.

Cooking method. Solutions of CMC glue and soap are mixed in a mixer. The PVA dispersion is poured in and, while stirring the composition, chalk is added. The resulting mass is ground on a paint grinder.

4. Lime-gypsum putty.Compound, kg: lime dough - 1.5; gypsum binder - 1; water - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. The lime dough is diluted with water, the gypsum binder is sieved and mixed with water (until the density of sour cream). The components are mixed and mixed on the paint grinder.

5. silicate putty.Compound: liquid potassium glass (density 1.15 ... 1.18 g / cm) - 10 kg; ground chalk - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. Liquid glass is diluted with water to the required density, chalk is added, mixed and the composition is ground on a paint grater.

6. Casein putty.Compound, kg.: white casein paint - 10; ground chalk - 6; liquid soap- 0.2 ... 0.3; drying oil - 0.5; water - 6 l.

Cooking method. Casein paint is diluted hot water and filter through a vibrating sieve. With rapid stirring, drying oil and soap are added, then chalk is added and the composition is passed through the paint grinder.

7. Oil-free latex non-rotting putty (BNSh).Compound, kg: ground chalk (moisture content 6 ... 8%) - 10; latex SKS-65GO grade B - 0.07; CMC glue - 0.02; laundry soap (40% solution) - 0.04; water - 0.2.

Cooking method. Latex is mixed with pre-prepared solutions of glue and soap. Chalk is added to the mixture with constant stirring until a homogeneous mass of working consistency is obtained.

8. Oil putty.Compound, kg: drying oil oxol - 1.8; turpentine or desiccant - 0.08; skin or bone glue (10% solution) - 0.2; laundry soap (40% solution) - 0.08; ground chalk (moisture content 3%) - 7.04.

Cooking method. A desiccant, a solution of soap and adhesive solution. Chalk is added in portions until the composition of the working consistency is obtained; the mass is ground on a paint grinder.

9. Oil-emulsion putty.Compound, kg: drying oil - 1; animal glue (10% solution) - 2.5; solvent - 1; milk of lime- 0.3; ground chalk - up to working viscosity.

Cooking method. Drying oil is diluted with turpentine or white spirit and poured into the emulsifier. Milk of lime (2 kg of lime dough per 10 liters of water) is mixed with an adhesive solution and the resulting mixture is introduced into drying oil. Chalk is added with constant stirring. The composition is ground on a paint grinder.

Lubrication is recommended to be performed with the following putties: casein putty (6) - under casein paint; oil-emulsion (9) - under emulsion paint; silicate (5) - under silicate, cement, polymer cement paint, as well as OKS putty, polymer cement - for any color and for wallpapering and alum-adhesive - for glue painting or wallpapering.

In addition to putties prepared at the workplace, factory-made putties are used (see Table 4.1) to level primed metal and wooden surfaces for enamel coatings.

On the finished surfaces, all defects (potholes, cut cracks, cut knots, resins, etc.) must be repaired with a lubricating paste or putty corresponding to the surface material and type of coating. After drying, these places should be sanded, cleaned of dust, primed or oiled.

Materials must be accompanied by a quality document, which must indicate:

Name of the manufacturer and its trademark;

Name, brand and color of the material;

Net weight;

Batch number and date of manufacture;

Standard designation;

Test results and confirmation of compliance of materials with the requirements of standards;

Type of packaging and number of packaging units in a batch;

Instructions for special properties material (fire and explosion hazard, toxicity).

Materials and semi-finished products used for painting work should be checked in laboratory conditions for viscosity, adhesion, consistency in all cases of doubt in their quality (violation of the integrity of the package, unclear marking, non-compliance of storage conditions with the requirements of GOST and TU). The viscosity of the paint compositions must be such that the paint composition is applied to the surface without sagging.

Putties used for leveling and preparing the surface for painting should be a homogeneous non-separating mass, have a consistency corresponding to 12 cm of standard cone draft with mechanical and 6-8 cm with manual application on the surface to be treated, have the property of strong adhesion to the surfaces of the bases (1 kg / cm2 after 24 hours), do not shrink when dried and do not form cracks.

4. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

Tools, inventory, materials.

Painting spatulas type ШД-45, ШД-95, ШМ-180.

Wooden spatulas with a blade width of 120 and 200 mm.

Device for grinding surfaces.

Block for sanding paper.

Flywheel type KM-60.

Handbrake type KR-26, KR-35, etc.

Folding two-height and universal tables (Fig. 10).

Protective goggles and respirators.

Grinding material, drying oil, as well as materials corresponding to the prepared compositions.

Fig.10. Inventory tables:

a - folding two-height, b - universal; 1 - stands, 2 - stairs, 3 - shift shield, 4 - articulated connection, 5 - fixed struts

Table 4.1

CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL PUTTY

		Drying time to degree 3 at (20±2) °С, h	Solvent
	Red-brown		White Spirit; turpentine
			Thinner R4 or R-5
	Red-brown		Thinner No. 645 or No. 646
	Red-brown		Solvent R-4 or R-5

Table 4.2

Compositions for adhesive coloring

Composition number and name		Method of preparation and application
1. Lubricating paste	Animal glue (10% solution) - 1.5 l, vitriol or alum primer - 10 l, a mixture of 2 hours of chalk and 1 hour of gypsum - until a paste is formed	Prepare a 10% solution of animal glue. Separately, they make up an alum or vitriol primer. An adhesive solution is introduced into the primer, and then a mixture of gypsum and chalk, previously sifted. The paste is passed through a paint grinder. Apply by hand with a spatula
2. Animal-adhesive putty on a primer	Animal glue (10% solution) - 1.5 kg, alum or vitriol primer - 10 l, chalk - up to working density	The primer is prepared in the same way as compositions No. 1 and 2. A 10% adhesive solution is introduced into the primer, chalk sifted on a vibrating screen is added until a paste of working density is formed. The composition is passed through the paint grinder. The composition is applied with a mechanical spatula designed by M.V. Rumyanova
3. Vegetable adhesive putty	Alum primer - 2.0 l, paste - 3 l, chalk - up to working density	Prepare an alum primer according to recipe No. 1. To prepare a paste, dissolve 1 kg of starch, dextrin or flour dust in 1.5 liters of water, after which the solution is brewed with boiling water until a paste is formed. The paste is poured into the alum primer and chalk is added to the working density. The putty is passed through the paint grinder; applied with a spray gun or "rod"
4. The same gypsum adhesive for lubrication of dry seams gypsum plaster	Paint glue (15% solution) - 2.7 l, drying oil - 0.05 kg, sifted gypsum - 7.3 kg	Drying oil is poured into the adhesive solution, and then sifted gypsum is gradually added with vigorous stirring. Putty is applied manually with a spatula
	Vitriol soil - 2.7 l, drying oil - 0.4 l, chalk - 7.3 kg	Sifted gypsum is gradually mixed into the vitriol soil; putty is applied manually, with a spatula
6. Putty (for greasing nail heads)	Paint glue - (15% solution) - 2.3 l, drying oil - 0.4 l, chalk - 7.3 kg	Methods of preparation and application are the same as for composition No. 10

5. ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY REGULATIONS

Safety engineering. When carrying out work on partial lubrication of surfaces necessary condition Occupational safety is the observance of safety regulations when arranging scaffolding and working on them.

In the process of lubrication of surfaces, priming and oiling of lubricated areas, the necessary protective measures against splashing of materials must be taken.

When sanding lubricated surfaces, make sure that the room is well ventilated. Wear safety goggles and respirators while working.

Persons employed in work with paints, adhesives, enamels and solvents containing benzene are subject to a preliminary special medical examination before employment, and then regularly every 6 months. they must undergo a medical examination.

Persons under 18 years of age, pregnant women and nursing mothers are not allowed to work with paints and varnishes containing toxic substances. Persons admitted to painting works, in which paints and varnishes containing benzene, lead compounds and other toxic substances are used, must be trained, have a certificate of admission to painting work, must work in respirators or gas masks, undergo industrial safety training, in which needs to be clarified:

harmful production factors and the nature of their effect on the body;

rules for the use of protective equipment (respirators, gas masks, glasses, ointments, etc.);

rules of personal hygiene;

rules for providing first aid to victims.

The painter must know and carry out:

technological instructions for the production of work;

equipment maintenance instructions;

fire safety instruction;

safety rules for painting work.

The painter is prohibited from:

work on faulty equipment;

work with a faulty or inactive ventilation system;

work with faulty process-control devices (pressure gauges, thermometers, electrical measuring instruments, etc.);

independently repair the electrical part of the equipment;

store paint and varnish materials at the workplace in an amount exceeding the shift requirement;

store empty containers from under paints and varnishes;

illuminate when inspecting containers from under paints and varnishes inner surface matches or portable lamps without safety nets;

clean equipment and structures with solvents not intended for this purpose;

wash hands and; wash overalls with solvents;

eat and store outerwear in rooms where painting works are carried out;

apply varnishes, paints, adhesives, solvents and thinners in the absence of passport data;

smoke in the workplace and walk with an open flame near flammable liquids and materials;

to work without overalls and protective equipment, as well as in rooms where there is no ventilation and where work is performed related to the heating of products and sparking (welding, tool sharpening or grinding with abrasive wheels).

The following operations pose the greatest danger in painting work:

preparation of paint compositions;

preparation of surfaces for painting;

work with materials and compositions containing harmful substances.

In accordance with the PTB, the premises where paint and varnish materials are stored and painting work is carried out must be fire-resistant, have access directly to the street, be equipped with a supply and exhaust ventilation, and electric lighting and mechanisms must be explosion-proof. The preparation of paint compositions refers to work with increased danger and harmfulness. When preparing paint compositions, preparing surfaces for painting and performing painting work, workers are provided with personal protective equipment against the effects of harmful substances and dust. The zone of action of the sandblasting apparatus is especially carefully fenced. Sandblasting machine operators are provided with LG-2 pneumosuits. Table 5.1 shows the means personal protection painters and auxiliary workers when painting metal structures and products.

Table 5.1

Personal protective equipment for painters when painting metal structures

Name protective agent	Name cartridge or filter	Harmful substances (separately or in a mixture) against which protection is provided	Maximum allowable concentrations of harmful substances exceeding the norm, not more than
Universal respirator RU-60M		Aerosols and organic vapors: gasoline, ethyl chloride, acetone, benzene
		Aerosols and acid gases
		Aerosols, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide
		Aerosols and mercury vapor
Anti-gas respirator RPG-67		Organic vapors, gasoline, kerosene, alcohols, ether, aniline, carbon disulfide
		Acid gases, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride
		Mercury vapor
Respirator	Replaceable filter (efficiency-300 h)	Dust, oil mist, water vapor and oil	Any concentration
Breathing machine for painters and welders		Gases released when welding, solvents (xylene, toluene, solvent, etc.)
Helmet MIOT-49 for respiratory protection during sandblasting	Forced supply of filtered air. The helmet consists of a frame, cape, air distributor, hose and filter

INSTRUCTIONS

on occupational health and safety for a construction painter

This instruction on labor protection applies to a construction painter engaged in painting, pasting and repairing surfaces of buildings and structures under construction and repaired (reconstructed) using paints and varnishes.

I. General requirements labor protection

Persons not younger than 18 years of age are allowed to perform painting and wallpaper work, as well as prepare paint compositions.

The painter should remember that due to non-compliance with the requirements set forth in the instructions for labor protection, daily routine, PTE and PTB, dangers may arise during painting work;

Electric shock;

Poisoning with vapors of paints;

Falls from a height;

Fires in paintwork materials.

The workplace should be organized according to the maps labor processes, kept clean.

The condition of scaffolding, cradles and towers must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.2.003-91, GOST 26887-86, GOST 27321-87, GOST 27372-87.

Electrical wiring and equipment in enclosed spaces must be arranged in a safe manner.

AT dangerous places and zones are placed posters and inscriptions on TB.

The painter must:

Perform only the work that is assigned to him by the work manager;

Smoke and use open flames only in designated areas.

II. Safety requirements before starting work

The painter must:

Receive a safety briefing from the work manager in case of a change in the type of work and working conditions, to understand the task;

Put on and put in order overalls and personal protective equipment;

Inspect the workplace, remove unnecessary items, clear the aisles;

Check the health of the tool;

If necessary, turn on ventilation and lighting;

When using a power tool - make sure that the electrical equipment, cables, grounding, hose connections for compressed air supply, test it at idle;

Check readiness paint and varnish compositions to use.

III. Safety requirements during work

The painter must:

Do not block aisles and workspaces building materials, container;

Use only ready-made colors. It is forbidden to add solvents, desiccants, etc. to paints and enamels at the workplace;

Avoid electrical and gas welding works, breeding open fire near the workplace;

Feed a tool that has sharp and piercing surfaces so that the working receiving tool can take it by the handle.

When working at height:

Store tools and containers after taking measures to prevent their spontaneous fall;

Use tested safety belts;

Go down only on ladders or capital stairs;

When doing work in stairwells use special scaffolding;

Clean the surface with a serviceable tool and using individual means protection;

Apply kuzbaslak on the surface only with brushes;

When painting roofs in hot sunny weather, protect your head from overheating;

When removing old nabelov indoors, moisten the surface with water, work should be done with glasses.

It is PROHIBITED for a painter to:

Work without overalls and personal protective equipment;

Work with faulty equipment and tools;

Work with faulty and insufficient lighting;

Do not approach or stand under the lifted load;

Wedging racks of scaffolding and scaffolding with scraps of boards, bricks and other non-standard fixtures and materials;

Disassemble scaffolding and scaffolding using the collapse method;

Carry out work at unenclosed workplaces at a height of more than 1 m above the ground;

Smoking and carrying out work related to the use of fire in the area of ​​application of nitro-paints and other flammable compounds;

Use an open flame when inspecting containers for paints, mastics and solvents.

IV. Safety requirements at the end of work

The painter must:

Tidy up the workplace;

Disconnect mechanisms and electrified tools from the network;

Wash and hand over to the warehouse removable equipment and tools;

Remove mechanisms from scaffolds and scaffolding.

V. Requirements for the behavior of the worker in the event of a dangerous situation

An emergency situation may arise due to:

Exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of solvent vapors and dust;

Excess load on forests;

Short circuits and fires of current-carrying cables;

Ignition of solvent vapors;

Power cuts.

The painter must:

Immediately signal the danger;

Take measures to prevent an accident and leave the danger zone;

Notify the work manager;

If necessary, provide first aid to the injured.

6. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

Table 6.1

Norms of time and output for work on partial greasing and oiling of lubricated surfaces

The performer is a painter of the 2nd category.

Surface to be machined	Norm for partial greasing	Norm for pro-oiling of greased surfaces
		workings		workings
Plastered, wood and concrete surfaces
wooden
plastered and concrete
wooden
plastered and concrete
Wooden windows
wooden doors
Wooden floors
metal surfaces
Large surfaces (except roofs)
Corbels, window drains, beams, pipes with a diameter of more than 50 mm, etc.
Lattices, window casings, pipes with a diameter of less than 50 mm, flush cisterns etc.
Heating appliances

Time norms, man-hours, for the preparation of 100 kg of putty in various ways:

semi-mechanized - 1.2

manual - 2.5

The norm of time for the preparation of 100 kg of emulsion type VM in a semi-mechanized way by a link of two painters of the 4th and 2nd categories is 0.73 man-hours.

Electronic text of the document

prepared by CJSC "Kodeks" and verified according to

materials provided by Demyanov A.A.

Construction and Industrial College of Yoshkar - Ola

Agrarian and construction technical school of the village of Vyatskoye

G B P OU RME

"Mari Polytechnic College"

GR R J E IU M FL O ND H L T SZ R V BUT NOT Q E O Y To WS R J BUT FW W DQ E V H N H S O L Y R P YV O ZR AT FG E U R Y X R H F O J FROM U T S And AT F O G D R H Z S J M Q And W FROM W O L FROM U T Y BUT SZ AT N BUT R M J And F Repairing a previously painted surface with aqueous solutions

Lesson topic

Repair of a previously painted surface with water-based compounds

• 1. Who is renovating the school for the start of the new school year?
• 2. Who allocates money for the renovation of the school, the purchase of paint?
• 3. How much money is needed to renovate the school?
• 4. Would you like to take part in the renovation of your class?
• 5. What kind of work can you do while renovating your classroom?
• 7. What do you think: do the walls get dirty or crack quickly at school? Why?
• 8. What do you do to avoid damaging the classroom walls?
• 9. Can you do a partial surface repair.
• 10. What kind of paint are the walls at school and classrooms painted with?
• 10. What do you know about water-based paint?

Water formulations

Non-aqueous formulations

Enamel, Oil paint, Water-based paint, Alkyd, Acrylic.

Water formulations

Non-aqueous formulations

Water based paint

Acrylic

Oil paint

Alkyd

Sequence of work

Tools

Surface cleaning

Spatula or

Primer

Filling cracks with putty

Spatula and fixture

Surface leveling

Spatula wide

Grinding

(after drying)

Sandpaper or a special emery grater

• Everyone understands that it is here in the school workshop the choice of the future professions, looking for life lessons how to work and how not to work.

• What did the guys take in their "future".

Painting of previously painted surfaces, carried out with repair work ah, it has some features related mainly to the preparation of surfaces for painting. To obtain good results, it is necessary to paint the surface with the same compositions with which this surface was painted before. Do not paint surfaces previously painted with lime compositions with adhesive compositions, it is also better to refrain from painting surfaces previously painted with oil paint with silicate paints, etc.
The main condition for successful work when painting previously painted surfaces is proper preparation these surfaces for painting. It is impossible to paint on old nabel, especially if they have not been cleaned several times, as a result of which thick layers of such nabel have accumulated on the surface, which, moreover, usually do not adhere well to the surface. Old patches must be removed. Only when repairing a previously painted surface with thin, firmly adhering to the surface, the latter can not be removed. In this case, rinse the surface to remove dust and dirt.
To do this, cracks are cut, the surface is cleaned of dust and dirt, and it is washed with water with a fly brush or maklovitsa. After the surface has dried, cracks and other minor defects are smeared and primed as if on new plaster.
To remove old plaques, the surface is abundantly moistened with hot water and after a while the soaked paint is cleaned with a steel spatula or a scraper mounted on a long handle. The cleaned surface is thoroughly washed with water.
The nabes of casein and silicate paints are pre-moistened with a 2-3% hydrochloric acid solution, under the action of which the chalk swells, which greatly simplifies the removal of these nabes.
If the plaster does not adhere well to the surface, such plaster is removed when cleaning the whitewash. Durable plaster is repaired and rubbed. This work is usually done by plasterers. On frayed plaster, preparation is carried out as on a new one.
When painting surfaces with a lime composition, after cleaning the whitewash and washing the surface, one or two priming is performed, and then the composition is applied.
At glue coloring in addition to cleaning old nabelov and washing, it is best to also perform a continuous grinding of the surface, and then prepare as for new plaster. Special requirements apply to the preparation of previously painted surfaces that will be painted with casein or silicate compounds.
These paints adhere very poorly to surfaces with remnants of old whitewash, and on fragile plaster. Therefore, in these cases, the old nabel should be removed completely up to the plaster layer and the surface should be thoroughly rinsed after removing the nabel.
All weak spots in the plaster must be removed and the plaster repaired as already indicated. Large seals are made with lime mortar, and small defects are corrected with casein putty.
It is best to clean the surfaces to the plaster layer, first with a scraper, and then with a steel brush to completely remove old nabel and only then rinse the surface with water. After that, the usual preparation of surfaces for painting should be carried out.
When finishing previously painted surfaces, the painter often has to deal with very large pollution and the presence of various kinds of stains on the surfaces. Any contamination is removed along with whitewash. In this case, the nabel must be removed, regardless of its thickness and type of color.
Heavily smoked plaster is washed with a 3% solution of hydrochloric acid, and then frayed.
Rust spots on the surface of the plaster are usually formed due to wetting of the plaster, as a result of which various coloring substances dissolved in water come out on the surface of the plaster.
In these cases, first of all, it is necessary to establish and eliminate the causes of moisture. Then you should dry the wet places and only then proceed to the destruction of the stains.
There are several ways to remove stains. The easiest way is to prime the spots with "grass". Sometimes the stain can be drowned out with a strong “soap maker”. Sometimes there are areas of plaster affected by resinous substances, which is most often observed near chimneys. It is usually not possible to remove such spots and it is necessary to beat off the plaster and replace it with a new one, which, however, also does not always lead to the desired results, since the new plaster is soon impregnated with the substances contained in the masonry. It is recommended in this case to seal such areas of plaster with thin sheets of foil, and then primed.
Stain removal is the most critical part of the preparation of previously painted surfaces. As a result, in order to obtain good results when painting, it is necessary to carry out these works especially carefully and correctly.

Literature used: V. P. Ivanov. "Painting, wallpaper and glass work", M., 1958

Popular Articles

Ceiling - home decoration

Lesson topic: Repair of previously painted surfaces for painting with non-aqueous compounds

The purpose of the lesson: instill in students theoretical knowledge for the repair of previously painted surfaces.

Lesson objectives:

educational - to form practical skills in students when performing painting repairs.

nurturing - educate independence, responsibility, collectivism.

Educational - develop logical thinking, creativity, the ability to analyze, compare, generalize, draw conclusions, think critically

Lesson type: practical lesson

Lesson equipment:

Posters, brushes, rollers,soda ash solution, paint

Methods used in the lesson: story, conversation, demonstration, practical lesson.

Lesson Plan

I. Organizational moment - 3-5 minutes.

II. Updating knowledge - 15-20 min.

III. Presentation of new material - 35 min.

IV. Practical work– 60 min.

V. Summing up the lesson, grading - 20 min.

During the classes

I . Organizing time:

a) greeting;

b) checking the composition of the group (class);

c) checking the readiness of students;

II . Knowledge update. Conversation on questions

1. What are the requirements for surfaces to be painted?

2. How to prepare the surface for repair under water coloring?

3. What defects can occur when painting the surface with water-based compounds?

4. What are the rules for caring for brushes?

5. Safety precautions when working with paints?

III . Presentation of new material.

When preparing plastered surfaces previously painted with oil compositions, if the paint does not have significant damage, the paint film holds well and the strength of the base does not inspire concern, they are limited to washing the surfaces with a 2–5% solution of soda ash to wash off deposits of various fumes and soot, which weaken the adhesion of the new paint layer to the base. If the old oil paint is not strong enough, covered with wrinkles and cracks, it is removed - scraped off, burned out or treated with chemicals.

Burn out the old oil paint blowtorch: under the action of a flame directed at the painted surface, the old paint layer swells. After that, the paint is immediately scraped off with a spatula, since the cooled paint is more difficult to scrape off. This method is used for small amounts of work and, as a rule, when cleaning plastered or stone surfaces and not wooden ones.

Removal chemicals old paint used for large volumes of repair work, regardless of the type of surface.

Old paint is removed with caustic alkalis that destroy the film. The most affordable in conditions construction works is a pasta prepared from 5 kg. sifted chalk and 5 kg. lime paste, diluted to the density of ordinary putty with a 20% solution of caustic soda. The paste is applied to the surface to be cleaned with a wooden spatula in a layer 1.5 - 2 mm thick. Depending on the hardness of the paint film, it is left on the surface for 0.5 - 1.5 hours. Caustic soda, saponifying the paint, softens it so much that it can be easily removed with a steel spatula. After removing the paint layer, the surface is washed with water, then with a 2% solution of acetic acid to neutralize alkali residues, then washed again with water and wiped with a rag. The paste removed from the surface can be used repeatedly, so it is not thrown away, but stored tightly. closed banks. The surface after removing the old paint is treated as new.

The preparation of previously painted wooden surfaces is carried out in the same way as the preparation of previously painted plastered surfaces. When cleaning wooden surfaces, do not use the method of burning paint.

Beautiful, clean coloring depends on the ability to work different tool: brushes, rollers, trimming, etc. In order for the color to be uniform, it is recommended to stir it every time the brush is lowered into the paint, preventing the formation of sediment.

Excess paint is slightly squeezed out on the edge of the dishes, preventing it from dripping onto the floor. When painting, it is recommended to hold the brush perpendicular to the surface or at a slight angle, while making uniform strokes and covering the surface with long wide stripes - strokes of paint that shade well so that there are no rough stripes left.

The cleanliness of the painted surface largely depends on the pressure on the brush and the thickness of the applied paint layer. If the brush is pressed lightly, then the paint falls in the form of narrow stripes, often in a thick, rough layer. However, gaps remain. From strong pressure on the brush, paint flows off it, forming streaks, but at the same time, a thinner, easily shaded layer of paint remains under the brush. It is advisable to do so. Putting a brush to the surface, at first they press it slightly, but as the paint is used up, the pressure is gradually increased, shading it well. You can make a roller out of a rag or foam rubber and fix it on the handle 30-50 mm below the brush to prevent paint from dripping on it.

The painted surface must be perfectly smooth. The direction of the paint strokes plays an important role in this: they should be crossed at right angles.

wall painting First, the paint is applied horizontally, that is, along the length of the wall, on some part of it (the grip), and then the fresh paint is shaded along the height of the wall. In this case, horizontal strokes overlap with vertical ones, and possibly left gaps are painted over. If you have to paint the walls three times, then with the first and third colors the strokes are applied vertically, with the second - horizontally.

Ceiling painting In this case, the fall of light from the windows is taken into account: the finishing touches should be directed away from the window, i.e., in the direction of the light rays.

If the coloring is performed twice, then the first strokes are applied perpendicular to the light rays, and the second ones are parallel. When the composition is applied across the light beams, shadows in the form of threads are formed on the strokes, revealing uneven coloring.

If light enters the room from windows not from one side, but from two or three, then the finishing touches are directed along the length of the ceiling.

Features of applying oil formulations Shade the oil paint when painting at a time as follows: on plastered walls - vertically, on wooden surfaces - along the fibers of the tree, on the floors - in the direction of the window, on the roof - along the slope, i.e. from the ridge to the gutters. When painting twice: on the walls the first layer is shaded horizontally, the second - vertically, on wood the first layer is across the fibers, on the floors - from the window, and the second layer is the same as when painting at a time. Sometimes they are painted in two or three times if the surfaces are rough and they want to be made smoother by applying a thick layer of paint.

Painting walls with a fly brush: a, b - applying horizontal and vertical strokes to the wall.Hand brush work - usually flywheels and other large brushes are used for painting large surfaces. The procedure for working with such brushes is as follows. Wet the brush in the paint, wring out the excess on the edges of the dishes and begin to run the brush along the walls from top to bottom and bottom to top or first horizontally and then vertically, applying strokes of paint without gaps, carefully shading them to leave a thin layer of paint. During operation, the brush pin is held with both hands and the brush is moved in full swing, making the strokes as long as possible. You can also work like this: hold the pin firmly with your left hand, and drive it with your right hand. In this case, the hand slides along the pin, then approaching the left hand, then moving away from it.

Painting the top of the wall under the eaves with a handbrake, the flywheel is systematically rotated in the hands so that it works from all sides, acquiring the shape of a torch. If this is not done, then her hair is demolished in such a way that it takes the form of a shoulder blade, and it is less convenient to work with such a brush. In order not to stain the cornices, a strip 25-40 cm wide is painted under them, and a handbrake brush is used.

Handbrake work - handbrakes are small brushes, and they are mainly used for painting window frames, doors, trim, skirting boards, etc.

Paints are picked up on them, the excess is squeezed out a little on the stirrer or the edge of the dishes and shaded over the surface thin layer. Shading the paint with handbrakes is carried out in two directions, moreover, the accepted procedure for shading should be observed until the entire surface is painted. The handbrake is held so that the hair of the brush does not work with the end, but with the side. The pressure should be so strong that the hair slightly arches.

Work with flutes and crosscuts. The purpose of these operations is to level the freshly applied paint and remove rough streaks. From flatting, the surface becomes smooth and even, and from trimming it takes on the appearance of shagreen (a rough surface consisting of tiny tubercles).

Coloring with different brushes:

A) - handbrake, b) - flute, c) - trimming. For this type of work, the paint composition is prepared thicker than when painting without flattening and trimming. This work is best done together: one paints, and the other, following him, flutes or trims with fresh paint.

Flaming - they take a flute with their right hand, a dry, clean rag with their left. With light pressure, a flute is carried over the surface, comparing the stripes of the applied paint. Work should be without passes. From work, the flute is impregnated with paint, so it must be wringed out regularly, wiped with a dry cloth, and only then proceed to work. You can wash the flutes and then dry them: wet flutes are unsuitable for work.Facing - take a trimming brush in right hand and perform with it facing blows on the applied paint. Moreover, trimming should only lightly touch the paint with hair. It is not recommended to strike the same place with crosscutting more than once: after the paint dries, such places will be stained. In the process of work, the trimming is periodically wiped with a dry cloth, and if necessary, washed and dried.

Pulling out the panels: a) - along the ruler, b) - along the stencil.

Panel pulling - junction of two colors different color is not always equal. To give the walls a beautiful and finished look, the junction is often covered with a strip of paint of a different color - a panel.

Adhesive paint panels are made according to adhesive and mixed paints(the panel is oil, and the top is glued). At oil painting panels are drawn with oil paints.

To draw out the panels, ordinary glue paint is used, but of a more liquid consistency, it is recommended to dilute oil paint with turpentine.

To work, you need a panel brush and an evenly planed ruler or stencil. The ruler is firmly pressed against the line beaten off with a chalked cord. Wet the brush in the paint, wring it out slightly and, putting it to the ruler, with the same pressure, draw a straight line of the same width - a panel. To prevent the paint from pouring under the ruler, chamfer (bevel) from one of its edges. The ruler is applied with a chamfer to the wall and a brush moves along it. A small amount of paint for drawing out the panels is poured into a jar, which is attached to a cord at chest level.

Staining with rollers: a) - picking up paint, b) - coloring.

Roller work - excess paint forms streaks, so the rollers are pressed against a mesh stretched over a frame 200x300 mm in size. Instead of a grid, you can take the same piece roofing steel or tin and punch frequent holes in it. The sheet is placed in the container with the roughness down. You can also use a piece of plywood or a thin board by drilling holes in them with a diameter of 12-15 mm, staggered 2-5 mm apart.

The design of the rollers does not make it possible to paint the surfaces of walls with them in the corners, at the platbands, baseboards, etc. Therefore, such places should be pre-painted with a brush and shaded well.

Paint with a roller like this. They dip it in paint, wring out its excess, passing it along the grid, bring it to the surface and with pressure lead it in the right direction.

The paint must be carefully shaded, for which the roller is rolled several times in the same place: on the walls, usually first from top to bottom, then from bottom to top, etc., applying stripes of paint one on top of the other so that they overlap by 4-5 mm . As the paint is used up, the pressure on the roller increases.

The primer is recommended to use the same color as the color scheme. Painting can be done in one or two passes. For example, first staining is carried out in a horizontal direction, and then in a vertical direction. Care must be taken to ensure that there are no leaks.

Roller painted surfaces have the appearance of a coarse pebbled finish.

Before painting, it is necessary to make a test painting of any surface: a wall, a sheet of plywood or cardboard in order to acquire some skill. In one day, up to 300 m2 of surface can be painted with good quality work. Moreover, one roller can paint more than 3 thousand m2 of surface.

IV . Practical work.

1. Organization of the workplace.

2. Proper performance of work, compliance with safety regulations.

3. Comprehensive control.

4. Help students in their work.

5. Summing up the lesson, grading.

1. Inspection of the completed task and its evaluation.

2. Summing up the working day.

3. Reporting the results of the lesson.

4. Message of the next topic of the lesson.

5. Homework.

6. Cleaning the workplace.

The number and sequence of operations for painting with aqueous compositions depend on the type of surface, the paint composition and the requirements for the quality of the painted surface. Technological operations performed during the preparation and painting of indoor surfaces with aqueous compositions are given in the table.

Technological operations	Coloring
	adhesive			calcareous		silicate	emulsion
	simple	improved	high quality	for plaster and concrete	wood and brick
Surface cleaning
First priming
Filling cracks and shells
Sanding greased areas
The first solid putty
grinding
Second full filler
grinding
Second primer
Third primer with highlight
Coloring

Note. Sign " + » indicate the operations performed, and the sign « - ” indicates that this operation is not in progress.

Coloring with adhesives begin only after the last layer of the primer has dried, no later than 24 hours after its application. In this case, the coloring compositions are applied twice. For manual painting, brushes, fly brushes and rollers with covers made of foam rubber or sponge rubber are used.

To paint the ceiling use formulations with a smaller amount of glue. Ceilings are usually painted in two steps. The first staining is done with brushes, while the movement of the brush should correspond to the direction of the light falling from the window (Fig. 1). When the first layer dries, the surface is covered with a second thin layer of color from the spray gun.

Figure 1. Direction of painting surfaces

When painting the surface with a hand spray gun(Fig. 2) the work is carried out by two painters: one directly paints, and the second injects the coloring composition into the spray gun bottle. The cylinder holds 3 liters of paint composition. Two sleeves are connected to the spray gun cylinder - pressure and suction, as well as a fishing rod with a nozzle. Before starting work, it is necessary to check the tightness of the connections. The suction hose is lowered into a container with a paint composition. The cylinder itself contains a plunger pump and two ball valves. When the pump handle is lifted, a pressure difference is created in the container and the paint container, which allows the suction valve to open. The paint composition through the filter and the suction hose enters the cylinder. When the pump handle is lowered, the suction valve closes and the discharge valve opens. The paint composition under pressure begins to flow into the discharge sleeve, and then into the rod to the nozzle. When you press the rod tap lever, the paint composition flies out of the nozzle with force and is sprayed over the surface in the form of a torch.

Figure 2. Manual spray gun SO-20B: 1 - balloon; 2 - fishing rod; 3 - nozzle; 4 - handle plunger pump; 5 - discharge sleeve; 6 - crane lever; 7 - filter with suction sleeve

When working with a fishing rod, you must observe correct distance between the nozzle and the surface to be painted (Fig. 3). If the nozzle is too far away, the paint will run down the surface, and if it is too close, it will bounce off the surface, which will lead to an overuse of the paint composition.

Walls they are painted with brushes and rollers in two steps, but first, at the ceiling, the upper border of staining with a color tint is beaten off with a lace.

Figure 3. The position of the nozzle relative to the surface to be painted: a - correct position fishing rods; b - a position that causes paint streaks; c - position causing paint rebound

When working with fly brushes, the surface is painted in two stages: painting - with horizontal movements; shading - vertical movements. Coloring with maklovitsa does not require transverse shading, and the coloring composition is applied with vertical up and down movements. At the same time, high rooms are painted using the “brush to brush” method (Fig. 4), so that the joints of the painted areas do not have time to dry out and are invisible on the surface.

Figure 4. Painting surfaces with a brush-brush using the brush-to-brush method

Coloring with lime compositions it will turn out strong if the lime has time to carbonize, i.e. the calcium oxide hydrate, which is part of the lime paint, will turn into crystalline calcium carbonate. This requires a moist environment. Therefore, it is better to paint with lime compositions wet surfaces, unaffected sun rays and dry wind.

Lime paint is applied with an airbrush or fly brushes. At the same time, the methods of work when painting walls and ceilings are the same as when painting with adhesives.

Painting with silicate compounds produce with a roller or brush 10 ... 12 hours after applying the primer. Paint with a monochromatic coating is applied in one or two layers. The second layer is applied after 10 ... 12 hours. If it is necessary to apply a drawing, then a rubber roller is used. In this case, the paint is applied 1-2 hours after the first staining.

The methods of working with a brush and roller are the same as for painting with adhesives.

Coloring water-based compositions is carried out on clean, dry, well-prepared, primed surfaces.

For applying water-based paints, brushes and rollers are used. Brushes paint on the wall surface with vertical strokes at a distance of 5 ... 7 cm from each other. Shade the paint over the surface with horizontal and vertical movements.

Before painting the entire surface with a roller, paint corners and other hard-to-reach places (near baseboards, at the border of painting) with a handbrake brush. When painting, the roller is moved in vertical movements from top to bottom, overlapping the painting grips by 2...3 cm.

Water-based paints of high viscosity are applied in one layer, and less viscous paints - in two layers. The second layer is applied only after the first has completely dried.