The properties of air are important for humans. Air - the role of air in human life, plants and animals. How is carbon dioxide formed?
Nature does not tolerate emptiness. Every free centimeter, if it is not filled with a material body, is immediately filled with air. About what are the properties of air, what is its peculiarity and how it can be studied, we will talk in today's article.
What is air
Air is what we breathe. It consists of a natural mixture of gases and is necessary for all life on earth: humans, animals, plants, etc. When we breathe in air, oxygen enters our body, which enters the bloodstream and provides the necessary energy. vital energy. Without air, a person can live no more than five minutes, which makes him the most important element environment.
Air forms an atmosphere - a shell around our planet Earth, which allows us to breathe and live calmly. You can understand what air is if you analyze in detail what properties of air are.
Temperature
Temperature is a quantity by which the degree of heat in the air is measured. Air is usually measured on three scales:
- celsius,
- fahrenheit,
- Kelvin.
The Celsius scale is used to measure air temperature in the CIS countries. Accordingly, 0 is the starting point of reference, at this temperature ice begins to melt, that is, water passes from a solid to a liquid state. At 100 degrees Celsius, water boils and begins to evaporate, passing from liquid state into gaseous.
Pressure
Air pressure is the force with which it acts on all other objects. Each of us experiences air pressure. It would seem, how is this possible, if the air is weightless, we do not feel it, do not see it and cannot feel it? But in fact, air also has its own mass, like any other element in the environment. It's just that its mass is so small, in comparison with our own and with the mass of other material objects, that we do not feel it. Air pressure is explained by the force of attraction of the Earth's magnetic core.
Density
The density of air is the amount of air per cubic meter(1m 3). The density depends on the pressure and temperature of the air: when heated, the air expands and its density becomes less. Accordingly, as the temperature decreases, the air compresses, pressure acts on it, and its density becomes higher. The density of air varies depending on the layer of the atmosphere and the distance from the globe. Closest to the Earth, the air density is less, and the farther from the Earth, the lower the temperature, the greater the pressure and, accordingly, the greater the air density.
The air has no taste, color or smell.
Along with natural properties, there are physical properties of air.
inertia
This is the reluctance of air to move from one state to another. He initially gravitates towards stability - a state of rest or uniform movement. If you try to bring him to another state, he will resist. And the greater this resistance will be, the greater the air density.
Viscosity
Air molecules have their own constant speed of chaotic movement. When heated, it accelerates, and when cooled, it decreases. But if a jet of cold air with slow movement is added to the stream of fast moving warm air molecules, then mutual changes will occur. Slow molecules of cold air will cool warm air and, accordingly, slow down their movement. In turn, the fast molecules of warm air will heat up the cold air and accelerate the movement of its molecules.
Compressibility
Air compresses and expands under pressure and temperature. From high temperature and low pressure air expands, from low temperature and high pressure the air is compressed.
All this will help you better understand the world around you. The properties of air are as important as the properties of any other substance, so everyone needs to know and understand them.
Before proceeding to consider such a topic as the properties of air, let's first talk about what air is.
So, the concept of air is usually understood as a mixture various gases that dissolve in the air. If we talk about air and its composition, it is worth recalling that nitrogen is part of the air, and its percentage is 78% of the total volume, oxygen, in turn, has only 21% of the volume, other inert gases, which are also called noble gases, occupy about 1% from the total volume. The rest of the volume is separated by carbon monoxide IV valency, impurities and water vapor.
From the school chemistry course, we know that depending on the location and climate, the percentage of various impurities, water and the aforementioned carbon monoxide may vary.
How is carbon dioxide formed?
In nature, such a combination occurs during the burning of various objects and materials, decay and decomposition, as well as during the respiration of all living organisms. However, it is worth clarifying that the largest number CO2 appears in the atmosphere precisely due to human activity.
However, after all the studies that were carried out on the study of air, it was proved that even despite the active life of a person, carbon dioxide is still within the normal range and in most cases does not exceed the limit of 0.03% of the total volume.
If we talk about the content of water vapor in airspace, the quantity can be completely different. Scientists have found that the percentage of water vapor can be from hundredths of a percent and up to several full percent. This content depends on weather conditions and temperature.
In order to accurately determine in your room, you can contact the private research laboratory "EcoTestExpress", where in the shortest possible time a specialist will take air samples for examination, and experienced chemists examine the material taken for various tests.
Chemical properties of air
Understand Chemical properties air is quite simple, for this it is enough just to understand the properties of oxygen.
As mentioned earlier, air contains approximately 21% of oxygen from the total volume. By itself, oxygen has the so-called oxidizing properties, which allow many things to flare up, burn out or oxidize. various materials and substances. Since it is practically impossible to recreate the chemical properties of air on paper, all combustion equations are written down precisely at the expense of oxygen, since. it is the main oxidizing agent in air.
Physical properties of air
Key physical properties are the same for all, namely in physical properties ah we describe temperature, density, specific heat, dynamic viscosity, kinetic viscosity and much more. But what properties of air are we interested in?
In order to describe air and its properties from a physical point of view, we are interested in precisely temperature values. In other words, we are only interested in air temperature, because the main characteristic of the physical properties of air is based on temperature.
Scientists have found that when the temperature changes, the physical properties of air change with a certain dependence. After this was verified, the physical properties of air were described in a table that displays all required values certain parameters. All these parameters create maximum complete description physical properties. It is also worth noting that these tables contain values for each degree of air.
Of course, we are also interested relative humidity air, but what is it? So, when describing such a concept as the main properties of air from the physical side, relative humidity is usually understood as the ratio of water vapor to their the maximum number possible content at certain temperature and pressure. All this is calculated per unit of air. After hundreds of experiments were made, it was found that the higher the pressure and the lower the temperature, the relative humidity of the air increases. If you want to conduct an air test, you can contact our laboratory.
It is also worth paying attention to such a concept as air viscosity. As well as the relative humidity of the air, the viscosity of the air also depends on the temperature, only in this case, as the temperature increases, the viscosity also increases. This applies to both kinetic and dynamic viscosity.
What is the relationship between kinetic and dynamic viscosity? From school courses we can remember that between these two concepts is carried out through the density, or rather the magnitude of the air density.
In order to carry out several air studies, including the study of the chemical composition of the air, microbiological analysis air and so on, no need to look for several laboratories, spend great amount time and energy to do the analysis. Our independent research laboratory "EcoTestExpress" carries out several types of air analysis, as well as many other studies, including, thereby giving you the opportunity to choose what you need and order the services you need. Experts travel throughout Moscow and the Moscow region in order to take quality air samples and conduct research.
The history of the discovery of such concepts as air and its properties
We are talking about air, but we did not think about how we explored and discovered air. But let's start from the very beginning.
In ancient peoples, including Greece and Rome, air was considered something personal and personal substance. Philosopher ancient greece Anaximenes in his teachings wrote that air is the founder of all that exists. In the future, he did not stop at the knowledge of air and was one of the first to begin to speak (and later to consider) air as one of the main elements of nature.
Of course, Anaximenes did not suspect that air has mass, and only Aristotle was able to say that air has mass.
After, of course, many scientists sought to understand the properties of air, but most attempts were in vain. The only one who was able to formulate the first scientific theories was the Alexandrian scientist Heron, who lived in the 140s BC. In his teachings, he expressed the following opinion: “Vessels that seem more empty people, in fact they are not empty, but filled with air... The air is formed by small and light particles, mostly invisible... Hence, it must be assumed that the air is material. Set in motion, it becomes the wind (since the wind is nothing but air in motion).”
Many tried to find out the composition of the air, but it was the ancient Chinese scientists who were the first to really show how complex the composition of the air was. Chinese chemists indicated many facts in their writings, but they did not have solidity. Of the European thinkers, Leonardo do Vinci, who lived at the end of the fifteenth century, said his thoughts about the composition of the air. However, by experience and experimentation, and also became known chemical composition air to many around the eighteenth century.
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Air weight
As we all know, air has, though insignificant, but weight. For example, it has been scientifically proven that even in completely empty bottle there will be air whose weight is more than one gram. As scientists say: with its weight, air presses on us, as well as on all the objects around us.
Various experiments were carried out, which showed that air is necessary even in an empty container. A striking example: what will happen if you pump out air from a normal tin can. As we know, without air, the iron container will simply flatten.
AT Everyday life We do not need to know the weight of air, it is enough just to understand exactly how it helps us in life. In order to take air measurements on it is enough to contact our company "EcoTestExpress", because our laboratory, with the latest equipment will help you in the study of air.
If you are interested in such requests as air properties class 3, air properties class 2, as well as more informative questions like air properties report or basic air properties class 5, you should contact our laboratory, where experienced specialists and experts in their field will tell you about all the properties, which may interest you.
Air mobility
Another pretty important property air is its mobility. The mobility of air is determined precisely by the speed of air movement. What is the speed of air movement?
So, the speed of movement is the number of meters that air travels in one second of time. Just the mobility of the air affects how quickly the air will be cooled. If to speak scientific language, then all this is due to the influence of air on heat loss by convection and sweat evaporation.
For a person, it is noticeable a little, on the other hand. The slight mobility of air at elevated temperatures contributes to its rapid cooling, and low temperature in combination with high air mobility contributes to hypothermia of the body.
From personal experience we know that any frost in calm weather is easier to bear than in strong wind. Moderate wind, no matter how much we want it, has an invigorating effect (5-7 m / s).
But why do we need this air mobility? Air mobility is necessary, because it contributes to the ventilation of buildings, premises, and leads to self-purification of air from pollution. The most favorable speed atmospheric air- 1-5 m/s, indoors - 0.1-0.3 m/s. In order to conduct various studies, including, you can contact "EcoTestExpress".
Synopsis of the lesson of the world around in grade 3
Shelenberg Tatyana Viktorovna, teacher primary school Schools in Kolkhoznaya Akhtuba village, branch of secondary school No. 3, Srednyaya Akhtuba, Volgograd regionDescription: I bring to your attention a summary of the lesson of the world around us in grade 3, which can be useful for primary school teachers. The lesson is held in the form of a role-playing game (class - laboratory, children - scientists, teacher - leader research activities), in which children take part with pleasure: conduct experiments, record the results of observations. This means that the material being studied is easy to learn.
Subject: Composition and properties of air
Equipment: circles different color- air composition, 10 balloons for each child, a candle, and a jar, a lighter, deodorant, an envelope - 3 pcs., images of an industrial area, classroom, forest
Table "Properties of air" slide
Overhead projector, laptop, screen - for presentation
Target: consolidate knowledge about the composition of air and the concepts of "body", "substance", "particles"; Introduce students to the properties of air.
Tasks and wud: instill interest in the discovery of new knowledge, develop observation, the basics of analysis and synthesis during experiments; learn to draw conclusions based on their observations; develop group work skills.
Lesson Plan
1.Organization of the class
2.Updating knowledge.
A) front work.
b) Answer questions about the presentation.
Slides: bodies, substances, states of substances, air - diagrams without a title, with a title.
D) Independent work in threes: what the air looks like in the forest, in the room, above the industrial / zone.
Slides: Blue planet Earth.
The importance of air for humans.
The forest is the lungs of the planet.
3. Setting the goal of the lesson.
4. Laboratory work. "Properties of Air"
Experiences. Record the results in a notebook in a table and on the board.
Collective work.
Transparent. Colorless. No taste. Without smell.
1. Air occupies the entire volume, elastic (the ball can be compressed, but it becomes round again).
2. When heated, the slide expands
3. Air is needed for combustion.
(cover a burning candle with a jar, it quickly goes out).
4. Air does not transmit heat.
5. How does air move?
Table of air quality slide.
5. Discussion of research results.
6. Fixing - performing a test on a slide.
Independent work, checking in pairs, grading
7. The results of the lesson. Reflection.
During the classes
1. Class organization.2. Actualization of knowledge.
Frontal work on slides 1-4.
- Answer the questions:
What do scientists call different objects around us? (Body).
-What is the body made of? (Out of substance)
What states can substances be in?
-What is air? How can you understand, feel that he is?
What substances does air consist of? Restore the diagram.
Work in pairs. (on each desk there are circles indicating the components of the composition of the air: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, plant pollen, soot, water droplets, dust and an envelope with the inscription room or forest or industrial zone)
What do you think the air in the room will look like? In the woods? In an industrial area?
Fold in your envelope mugs with the symbols you need in your case.
Children complete the task on their own, and then check: on the board, 1 student explains the contents of their envelope
Front slide work 5-6.
Why is the earth called the blue planet?
Why is air so important?
Can oxygen disappear from the air? (As long as there are clean water bodies and plants on Earth, the air will be replenished with oxygen. No wonder forests are called the “lungs” of our planet)
Children's answers.
Let's summarize your answers:
The entire planet Earth is shrouded in an invisible transparent veil - air. Air is everywhere - on the street, in the room, in the ground, in the water. Air is invisible, but it can be detected with our senses, as we have just done. We can see the movement of air when we blow soap bubbles, or fan ourselves with a fan. With the help of air we speak and sing. People, animals, birds and plants breathe air - all living things on Earth
Physical education minute .
They raised their hands and shook them - these are trees in the forest.
Hands bent, brushes shaken - the wind knocks down the dew.
Hands to the sides, gently wave - these are birds flying towards us.
We will also show how they sit down - we will fold the wings back.
3. Message of the topic of the lesson.
-Of course, since air is everywhere, people have long known its properties and use them in different ways for their own purposes. And today we will get acquainted empirically with the properties of air and find out how it can work.
-We will be scientists today, and our class will turn into a laboratory.
We have to explore the air and make important discoveries about its properties. Each of you has a sheet of paper on the table on which you will write down the results of your experiments, and at the end of the lesson we will apply them to solve practical problems.
4. Laboratory work.
Experience1
:
We know that air is everywhere - on the street, in the room, in the ground, in the water.
- Raise the notebook, do you see other objects through it?
- Not.
Can we see the next class through the wall?
- Not.
- Do you see the objects that are in the classroom?
- Yes.
- In the classroom we see a blackboard, a desk, walls, outside the window - houses, trees, clouds. Can we see air?
- Not.
What property of air is this talking about?
- Write down the properties of air.
Conclusion: The air is transparent. This is evidenced by the fact that we see through it all the surrounding objects.
Experience
2
- Look at houseplants. What color are they?
- Green.
What color is the blackboard?
- Brown.
- What color is the air?
- It's colorless.
- Formulate one more property of air and write it down.
Conclusion: The air is colorless.
Experience 3.
Can you taste the air? Lick it.
What properties of air will we discover?
Recording the result.
Conclusion: The air has no taste.
Experience 4
Now take a deep breath, what do you feel?
- Nothing.
- Does the air smell of anything?
- Not.
Close your eyes. (splash deodorant)
And now?
(Smell of deodorant).
Have you noticed that in different rooms does it smell different?
- In the forest, in the kitchen, in the pharmacy, particles of odorous substances mix with air particles, and we feel different smells. Does clean air smell?
- Clean air does not smell. (recording)
Conclusion: The air is odorless.
Experience 5
Show balloon.
- What is in the balloon? (air)
What shape is the ball? (round)
What is the whole balloon filled with? (by air)
- What conclusion can be drawn?
Conclusion: The air in the balloon occupies the entire provided volume
Experience 6
Show inflated balloon.
Give a balloon to each group.
- Try to squeeze the ball a little with your hands.
- What happened to the ball? (he cringed)
-Spread the ball.
- Now what do we see? (acquired a round shape)
- Air resists compression. This property of air is called elasticity.
-Write down the conclusion.
Experience 7
Air expands when heated consideration on slide 10
Experience 8
I light a candle and cover it with a jar.
-What happened? Why did she go out?
Conclusion: air is needed for combustion
What gas is needed for combustion? (record)
- And how can you put out the flame if a fire starts? (children's answers)
- To stop burning, you need to block the access of oxygen: pour water or cover with something dense. Firefighters use water, special foams, and carbon dioxide to extinguish the fire.
Experience 9
Look at the window. Why are there double frames?
-What is the temperature outside? And in the classroom?
- What property of air does this speak of? (record)
Conclusion: Air is a poor conductor of heat.
Experience 10
How can you determine how air moves?
Hold your hand over the radiator. Warm air rises.
At open window- cold goes down.
- Why?
-Because warm air is lighter than cold air.. (record)
5. Reading discussion of research results.
- Dear scientists, who wants to read the recorded research results?
Reading, discussion and correction of research results
6. Consolidation of the past.
slide test.(correct answers are marked with + in the summary)
1. What properties does air have?
A. Transparent, colorless, odorless, expands when heated, and contracts when cooled, conducts heat poorly.+
B. blue color like the sky, conducts sounds, skips Sun rays, has no smell
2. Windows are double-glazed to keep warm. What property is being used?
A. Air expands when heated
B. Air compresses when cooled
B. Air does not conduct heat well +
3. What property of air do you need to know to put out a fire?
A) air is a poor conductor of heat
b) Air expands when heated.
C) air is needed for combustion +
4. What property warm air used in a balloon?
A) poor conductor of heat
B) necessary for combustion when heated expands
C) warm air is lighter than cold air
5. Why are heating radiators located at the bottom and not at the top?
A) warm air is lighter than cold air
B) air occupies the entire volume
B) elastic
7. The result of the lesson. Reflection.
-What did you learn in class today?
Who was interested in working as a scientist? Why?
Who understood and remembered everything in the lesson?
- For today's work you get the following grades...
Appendix
1.Air properties
transparent
colorless
without smell
tasteless
occupies the entire
elastic
conducts heat poorly
needed for combustion
expands when heated
warm air is lighter than cold air
2.slides
1- bodies and substances
2- solid, liquid, gaseous
3- diagram "Composition of air"
4- Pictures: forest, room, industrial area
5- blue planet
6- man and animals
7- experiments on the properties of air: when heated, it expands
8- test questions
9 - table of air properties.
Municipal budgetary educational institution
Municipal Formation "City of Arkhangelsk"
"Secondary school No. 14
with in-depth study individual items"
THE LESSON OF THE WORLD. 3rd grade
« Air properties.
Air Protection»
"Lesson for schoolchildren using information and communication technologies"
Kononova Oksana
Nikolaevna,
teacher
primary school
Explanatory note
UMK "Planet of Knowledge" was developed in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of the LEO.
Workbook: I.V. Potapov, E.V. Saplin, A.I. Saplin, workbook No. 1, 2 to the textbook " The world» Grade 3.
The subject "World around" is studied in primary school from 1st to 4th grade. Special meaning This subject consists in the formation in children of 6-10 years of age of a holistic and systematic idea of the world and the place of a person in it. This determines its goal - the formation of knowledge about nature, man and society, awareness of the nature of the interactions between them and, on this basis, the education of the right attitude to the world around.
Lesson in the 3rd grade on the topic "Air properties. Air security” is studied in the section “Water, air, rocks” after studying the topic “The importance of air for life. The composition of the air.
The purpose of the lesson : find out the properties of air empirically;
determine the importance of air for humans, plants and animals, the need to protect air from pollution;
cultivate respect for nature;
To cultivate a culture of communication, the ability to work in groups.
Planned results:
Personal: orientation towards the implementation of the basic rules of caring for nature based on an understanding of the characteristics of the interaction between man and nature.
Subject: give examples of positive and negative attitudes of man towards nature; prove the need for air protection.
Metasubject: learn how to use diagrams, tables, diagrams to obtain the necessary information; learn to explore the properties of air on the basis of demonstration and independent experiments and characterize them; learn to perform group tasks, conduct experiments together, discuss their results and draw conclusions.
Lesson type : learning new material.
Lesson form: study lesson.
TSO : projector, screen, computer.
Equipment :
Experimental equipment;
Presentation (Annex 1);
Video fragment "Air pollution" (Appendix 3).
Lesson Plan
1. Organizing time. 1 min
2. Statement of the problem, updating knowledge. The topic of the lesson. 3 min
1) We prove the reality of air. Experiences. 5 minutes
2) Properties of air. Experiences. 10 minutes
4. Physical education. 2 minutes
1) Environmental anxiety. Sources of air pollution. 10 minutes
2) Air protection. 7 min
6. Consolidation of what has been learned. 3 min
7. Summing up the lesson. Reflection. 3 min
8. Homework. 1 min
During the classes
Teacher activity | Student activities |
1. Organizational moment The world around us Interesting to know His secrets and mysteries We are ready to unravel. We begin the lesson of the surrounding world. Look at the guys in your group, give each other smiles, give smiles to the whole class. | Students sit in groups. |
2. Statement of the problem, updating knowledge. The topic of the lesson. Guys, a riddle will help determine the topic of the lesson, listen to it. We need it to breathe To inflate the balloon. With us every hour But he is invisible to us! What is it? APPENDIX 1. Slide 1 Formulate the topic of the lesson. What questions related to the topic of air can we already answer? What else would you like to know about air? Today in the lesson you will be researchers. We will try to find answers to your questions. And how can we answer the questions we have asked ourselves? They say this about air: "It is invisible, but still we cannot live without it." How long can a person live without air? Without food? Without water? What is air? On the slide you see a diagram in which the components of air are highlighted in color. slide 2 Restore the diagram. | Solve the riddle. They call the answer - AIR. (We continue to study the topic of air). Do we even need air? (it is vital for us) What is air? (mixture of gases) How to detect air? What properties does air have? The attitude of a person to the air, whether it is necessary to protect it. Conduct experiments or research Leverage your life experience We will use the material of the textbook and the help of the teacher. (Without food, a person can live for several months. Without water, several days. Without air, only a few minutes.) (Mixture of gases: oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases). Restore the diagram. |
3. Explanation of new material. Co-discovery of knowledge. 1) We prove the reality of air. Experiences. Guys, do you believe me that air is everywhere around us? Does air take up space? Does he exist at all? Maybe they invented it? We can easily verify the reality of the existence of air by doing experiments. Shall we prove it? After all, whoever seeks will always find the answer even to the most difficult question! Today we will work in groups. Let's remind ourselves of the rules of working in a group. Rules for successful work: | (Yes) Children's answers 1. Work together. 2. Be attentive to each other. 3. Be polite. 4. Help a friend. 5. Be kind to each other. |
EXPERIMENT 1. Lower the glass, turned upside down, into a wide vessel of water. Tilt it slightly without taking it out of the water. What did you see? | Conduct experience. They conclude - (air bubbles began to come out of the glass). |
EXPERIENCE 2. Dip a lump of dry earth, chalk, sugar into a glass of water. What did you see? Now let's make a conclusion. What has the experience confirmed? Let's write the conclusion in the workbook (R.t.str.20 task 42). | Conduct experience. They conclude - (gas bubbles began to come out of the bodies lowered into the glass - this is air). EXPERIENCE has shown that in a lump of dry earth, a piece of chalk, sugar is air. Air is everywhere - on the street, in the room, in the ground, in the water. Any free space Earth is filled with air. |
2) Properties of air. Experiences. What are the properties of air? slide 3 How can we find out? The results will be recorded in a table. We fill in the TABLE. APPENDIX 2 | We will conduct experiments |
EXPERIENCE 1. Put a pencil or pen in front of you. Pick up the notebook and look through the notebook at the object in front of you. Can you see the object through the notebook? Can we see the next class through the wall? Now look around. Do you see the items that are in the classroom? What property of air is this talking about? Try to complete the first column of the table in your group. slide 4 | Conduct experience No no Yes Fill out the table. (The air is transparent.) |
EXPERIENCE 2. Look at the plants. What color are they? What color is the school desk? School board? What color is the air? What property of air is this talking about? Complete the second column of the table. slide 5 | Conduct experience. (Greens) Children's answers. (no color) Fill out the table. (The air is colorless.) |
EXPERIENCE 3. Have you noticed that different rooms smell differently? In the canteen, hairdresser, pharmacy, particles of odorous substances mix with air particles and we feel different smells. Does clean air smell? Let me open the window and let a little clean air to our class. - Complete the third column of the table. slide 6 - Let's check how you filled in the columns of the table. | Conduct experience. Fill out the table. (The air is odorless.) Table check. |
- Air has another interesting property - it is a poor conductor of heat. Many plants wintering under snow do not freeze because there is a lot of air between the cold particles of snow, and the snowdrift resembles a warm blanket covering the stems and roots of plants. - In autumn, the squirrel, hare, wolf, fox and other animals molt. Winter fur is thicker and more luxuriant than summer fur. More air is trapped between thick hairs, and animals in a snowy forest are not afraid of frost. - The gray wolf has a large, fluffy tail. When the animal goes to bed right on the snow, he covers his nose and paws with his magnificent tail. - And the fox in the most very coldy it is not cold in a snowy bed, because it hides itself, like a warm blanket, with its tail, between the long hairs of which there is a lot of air that does not let the cold through. And in winter, thick, dense hair grows on the paws of a red-haired beauty, it seems as if the fox put on warm mittens. She is not afraid to walk on snow and ice. – Vole mice hide in burrows under high snowdrifts, where it is warm and cozy. - And some birds - black grouse, capercaillie - in the most severe frosts burrow into deep snow. So warmer. There is even a poem about it: January is blowing cold Hazel grouse, black grouse, capercaillie Buried deep in the snow. He warms them like fur. What property of air explains these facts? slide 7, 8 - Complete the fourth column of the table. - How does a person use in everyday life the knowledge that air does not conduct heat well? | Fill out the table. (Air is a poor conductor of heat.) (There is a lot of air between the hairs in woolen and fur clothes. That is why such clothes retain our body heat well in cold weather). |
Why is there an empty column in the Air Properties table? Let's turn to the textbook page 52 | (There are still properties of air). |
EXPERIMENT 4. Pour water into a glass and tint it. Take a flask with a glass tube. Let's lower the end of the tube into the water, as shown in the figure in the textbook. Note that water does not enter the tube - it is "not allowed" by air. We will heat the flask with the warmth of our hands. What's happening? - Why did this become possible? Now put on a cold flask wet wipe. What do we see? Why? Fill in the last column of the Air Properties table. Dear Guys - researchers, I would like to congratulate you on your small victory. You examined the air and correctly identified it basic properties. Let's listen to a poem. What properties of air are mentioned in the poem? | (Air bubbles began to come out of the tube) - This experience shows thatair expands when heated. (Bubbling will stop) This happens becauseair compresses when cooled. The student is reading. Air He is a transparent invisible Light and colorless gas. Weightless scarf He envelops us. He is in the forest - thick, fragrant, Like a healing potion It smells of resinous freshness, Smells like oak and pine. We don't notice it We don't talk about him. We just breathe it in After all, we need it. |
4. Physical education Are you tired? The air will help you relax. 1. Exercise "Flower meadow". Now relax, imagine that you are in a forest clearing, surrounded by beautiful flowers. Pick the flower you like best. Smell it. What word expresses its fragrant aroma? Take a deep breath and say... (AH!) 2. We took air into our mouths, we exhale as if we were blowing out a candle on a birthday cake. 3. Puffed out your cheeks like a ball. We release air as if the ball was "pierced". | |
5. Continued acquaintance with new material.1) Environmental anxiety. Sources of air pollution. How do you understand the expression: "The air must be clean"? Slide 9 The air should contain more oxygen and less carbon dioxide. When we breathe, we take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. 600 liters of oxygen is necessary for a person to breathe for only one day! Plants, on the other hand, take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen into the atmosphere. No wonder plants are called the lungs of our planet. What wonderful air in the forest! It has a lot of oxygen and useful substances. After all, trees give off special volatiles- phytoncides that kill bacteria. The resinous smells of spruce and pine, the aroma of oak, birch and larch are very useful for humans. But in the cities the air is completely different. Which one then? We received a telegram from the inhabitants of one big city: "Lacks fresh air! I can not breathe! Hordes of cars filled the streets, bringing down on the townspeople their exhaust fumes. We are choking on the terrible smoke! Help!" Can you explain to me what or who it is connected with? Guys, what can pollute the air? We will now watch a short film. It will be necessary to remember from the film what pollutes the air. APPENDIX 3 What did you see in the movie? Write in a group. APPENDIX 4 What music was playing while watching the movie? Sources of air pollution can be: Guys, what else do you know why air can be polluted? Complete with your own examples. Slide 10 | (Polluted.) (The air smells of gasoline, exhaust gases, because there are a lot of cars in cities, there are factories that also pollute the air. Breathing such air is very harmful for a person. To purify the air, we plant trees, shrubs: lindens, poplars, lilacs). WHY AIR POLLUTED. ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ (Very disturbing). Many factories are being built in cities. From their pipes, smoke rises into the air, in which there is a lot of dust of toxic substances that are harmful to the health of all living beings. Vehicle exhaust fumes also pollute the air. Fires. volcano eruptions, Pollution of the earth with unprocessed garbage (landfills). |
2) Air protection. Air pollution threatens human health, all life on Earth! Polluted air cannot be used for breathing by any living being. What do people do to keep the air clean? Today, much is being done to protect the purity of the air. Let's find out the main ways to protect the air by solving environmental problems. APPENDIX 5 Task 1. One enterprise emits 200 tons of soot into the atmosphere per year. After installing the gas recovery system, the amount of soot decreased by 20 times. How many tons of soot does the plant emit after installation treatment facilities? (10 tons) What method of air protection is proposed in the condition of the problem? Task 2. Maple gives off 2 kg of oxygen per year, and elm is 7 times more than maple. How much oxygen does an elm give off per year? (14kg) Of course, green spaces are the main air purifier. That is why it is so easy to breathe in the forest. Poplar alone emits as much oxygen as 3 lindens, 7 firs, 4 aspens. Make a conclusion. | (Factories have installations that trap dust and poisonous gases. Scientists are developing new machines that will not pollute the air ...) Group work. installation of treatment facilities environmental greening The air must be protected, care must be taken to keep it clean. |
6. Consolidation of what has been learned. Air test. Air protection. APPENDIX 6 Oxygen (D) Nitrogen (M) Yes (P) No (D) Examination. (Air is a FRIEND) | |
7. Summing up the lesson. Reflection. Name the topic of the lesson in one word Which word most accurately defines the meaning of air on Earth? Who will evaluate their work in the lesson as “excellent and good”? Who did not feel confident enough in the lesson, who needs help in mastering the knowledge of this topic? Who will be able to demonstrate to parents the experiments that were carried out in the lesson? Is the driver doing the right thing if he leaves the engine of his car on while parked? | (Air) (A life!) |
8. Homework. Workbook: pp. 23 No. 51, 52, 53 - complete any two tasks. Optional task: drawing on the topic "Air protection" |
Bibliography:
Textbook: G.G. Ivchenkova, I.V. Potapov "The World around", a textbook for grade 3 in 2 parts.
Workbook: I.V. Potapov, E.V. Saplin, A.I. Saplin, workbook No. 1, 2 for the textbook "The World Around", Grade 3.
G.G. Ivchenkova, I.V. Potapov, E.V. Saplin, A.I. Saplin
Education in the 3rd grade according to the textbook "The world around"
Internet resources.
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PROPERTIES | |||||
AIR | _________________________________________ Preview:What method of air protection is indicated in the problem? Task 1. One enterprise emits 200 tons of soot into the atmosphere per year. After installing the gas recovery system, the amount of soot decreased by 20 times. How many tons of soot does the plant emit after the installation of treatment facilities? What method of air protection is proposed in the conditions of the problem? Task 2. Maple gives off 2 kg of oxygen per year, and elm is 7 times more than maple. How much oxygen does an elm give off per year? What method of air protection is indicated in the problem? Task 1. One enterprise emits 200 tons of soot into the atmosphere per year. After installing the gas recovery system, the amount of soot decreased by 20 times. How many tons of soot does the plant emit after the installation of treatment facilities? What method of air protection is proposed in the conditions of the problem? Task 2. Maple gives off 2 kg of oxygen per year, and elm is 7 times more than maple. How much oxygen does an elm give off per year? 1. What kind of gas are we talking about? Necessary for respiration, supports combustion. Oxygen (D) Nitrogen (M) 2. What properties does air have? Conducts heat well (B) Conducts heat poorly (P) 3. What can harm the air? Soot, dust, smoke, exhaust gases (U) Water vapor, oxygen (I) 4. Can a person go without air for a long time? Yes (P) No (D) ___________________________________________________________________________ CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER. COMPOSE A WORD FROM THE RECEIVED LETTERS. 1. What kind of gas are we talking about? Necessary for respiration, supports combustion. Oxygen (D) Nitrogen (M) 2. What properties does air have? Conducts heat well (B) Conducts heat poorly (P) 3. What can harm the air? Soot, dust, smoke, exhaust gases (U) Water vapor, oxygen (I) 4. Can a person go without air for a long time? Yes (P) No (D) ___________________________________________________________________________ CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER. COMPOSE A WORD FROM THE RECEIVED LETTERS. 1. What kind of gas are we talking about? Necessary for respiration, supports combustion. Oxygen (D) Nitrogen (M) 2. What properties does air have? Conducts heat well (B) Conducts heat poorly (P) 3. What can harm the air? Soot, dust, smoke, exhaust gases (U) Water vapor, oxygen (I) 4. Can a person go without air for a long time? Yes (P) No (D) ___________________________________________________________________________ CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER. COMPOSE A WORD FROM THE RECEIVED LETTERS. 1. What kind of gas are we talking about? Necessary for respiration, supports combustion. Oxygen (D) Nitrogen (M) 2. What properties does air have? Conducts heat well (B) Conducts heat poorly (P) 3. What can harm the air? Soot, dust, smoke, exhaustOpe gases (U) Water vapor, oxygen (R) 4. Can a person go without air for a long time? Yes (P) No (D) ___________________________________________________________________________ Air is a mixture of gases, consisting of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, relatively little carbon dioxide, and water vapor. Air is necessary for breathing for all living organisms: humans, animals, plants. The ocean of air surrounds our planet, fills all the voids on earth, and is found in water in dissolved form. Uneven heating of the air above the Earth's surface sets the air masses in motion and causes wind. Warm, lighter, air rises over land or sea, cold, heavier, with upper layers goes down. This affects the climate of many areas.
The importance of air on earth
Properties air aircraft flight, balloons, sailboat movement and wind farm, the soaring of birds, the work of a vacuum cleaner - all this happens due to the properties of air. Air elasticity, that is, the ability of air to restore its previous volume after the cessation of pressure on it - car tires, ball, air gun. Compressibility characterizes the property of air to change its volume and density with changes in pressure and temperature. Low thermal conductivity of air and used, for example, in double window frames. Glasses themselves do not protect from the cold, they only retain air, which does not conduct heat well. And the desired temperature is maintained in the apartment. Air is transparent and invisible, odorless, has no definite volume, has a mass lighter than water, warm is lighter than cold and rises. Man has learned to use many properties in science and technology. Compound air Air consists of 1/5 of oxygen, 4/5 of nitrogen, and no more than 1% is accounted for by other gases, including carbon dioxide. Composed of air and water vapor. Oxygen is what animals and humans need. Carbon dioxide CO 2 is consumed by plants and produces oxygen. Therefore, the composition of the air is different in the forest or in the city. In the city, there is less oxygen, more carbon dioxide, and vice versa in the forest. It is the forests that are called the "lungs" of our planet. Air security Human industrial activity leads to environmental pollution. Mankind burns oil, gas, gasoline, coal and other types of fuel in the furnaces of power plants, various factories, in car engines. Incomplete combustion of fuel releases particles into the air. harmful substances. They With air masses are carried by winds around the world and, together with precipitation, return to the earth, polluting water, soil and all the nature around us. Air pollution leads to the greenhouse effect. The surface of the globe is gradually warming up. The glaciers at the poles are melting, the level of the world ocean is rising. More and more cataclysms fall on humanity. A person, in order to live comfortably in the future, must take care of protecting the purity of the air, reducing emissions from industrial enterprises and cars. This is a question of the existence of a bright future. amazing winds Wind is one of the ordinary phenomena of nature. Familiar and understandable to everyone. Sometimes pleasant, sometimes unpleasant. What is the wind? Where the air is heated more, it rises, colder and heavier air sinks. We say the wind is blowing. It also happens like this: sand dunes sing mysterious songs. The poisonous breath of a sandstorm poisons all living things. The wind blows, and a huge whirlwind - a tornado - rushes over the earth. heavy picture destruction leaves behind a tropical storm. Tornado - so called in North America, a tornado of gigantic destructive power. These whirlwinds destroy everything in their path. “During the lesson,” says the teacher! one of the American schools, - I heard a deafening roar. The wind blew suddenly with tremendous force. Before I had time to take the children to a safe place, all the glass in the school flew out. The children rushed towards me. But then, as if invisible wings picked them up and various objects that were in the classroom. We all took to the air. Children and the wreckage of the school swirled around me. When a tornado moves along the ground, it resembles a huge vacuum cleaner - everything that meets on the way is drawn into the funnel. When the wind passes through the reservoirs, the bottom is often exposed. There are such tornadoes in our country, however, but so ferocious, but also strong. A few years ago, at a crossing near Moscow railway the wind lifted the railway box high into the air. She was thrown to the ground forty meters from the old place. The lineman who was in it remained alive. And all this happened in a matter of minutes. The roofs torn from the houses floated in the air, as if they were suddenly miraculously weightless. Where the tornado crossed the Moscow River, its bottom was exposed. About forty kilometers passed a formidable whirlwind, destroying several villages near Moscow along the way. Why do tornadoes form? There is still a lot of secret nature. It is known that they are formed in a thundercloud, where powerful flows of moist warm and cold air collide and move. Drops out of the cloud heavy rain, and the vortex captures and spins more and more new flows, forming a huge funnel. A very dangerous hurricane at sea. A few years ago, American scientists on a cruiser tried to break into the center of a hurricane to see for themselves what was happening there. This attempt ended tragically. The last message from the researchers was that the waves in the center of the typhoon reach a height of 40 meters, seething with monstrous force. At present, many useful discoveries have been made by typhoon hunters. Their main task is to notify of the danger, where is the typhoon, what is its strength, where is it moving. Download a report on the topic of air for grades 2 - 3 on the subject of the world around |