Sterilization dressing material and surgical drapes. Sterilization by autoclaving - very reliable way. Sterilized in an autoclave in Schimmelbusch cups. Most often, dressings and surgical linen, sometimes porcelain and glassware, enameled basins, etc. are sterilized under pressure. Before autoclaving, the material and linen are placed (not tightly) in biks, and if they are not available, in canvas bags or bags. The holes on the side wall of the bix are opened before loading the autoclave and closed after sterilization. The duration of sterilization depends on the readings of the pressure gauge: at 1 atm. / 126.8 ° - 30 minutes; at 2 atm. / 132.9 ° - 20 minutes.

Steam Sterilization carried out either in a special Koch fluid-steam sterilizer, or a pot or bucket with a lid is used. Water is poured into the vessel to 1/3 of its height, a lattice partition is inserted above the water level, on which the materials to be sterilized are placed in cloth bags or bix. Having closed the vessel with a lid, in which there should be several small holes for steam to escape, the heating is turned on. The beginning of sterilization is considered the moment when steam begins to emerge from under the lid in a continuous stream, the temperature of the steam reaches 100 °. The duration of sterilization is at least 30 minutes.

Sterilization by ironing linen and dressings is allowed only in cases where other methods cannot be used. Usually the temperature of the iron reaches 150°. First, lay out and iron the sheet on which the treatment will take place, then bend it with water necessary material and iron it on both sides, while the iron is moved slowly 2-3 times in one place. The ironed linen with sterile tweezers is folded into a sterile bix or bag.

Preparing the surgeon's hands

Preparation of the surgeon's hands. Since the hands of a veterinarian are constantly in contact with objects contaminated with microorganisms, the preparation of hands before the operation is especially important. great importance. The treatment of the surgeon's hands consists of two stages:

1. mechanical cleaning

2. treatment with antiseptic and tanning agents.

Hands are prepared in one of the following ways:

- Olivkov's method. Hands are first washed for 5 minutes hot water(40-50°) brush and soap. After that, wipe dry with a rough towel and process for 3 minutes with swabs moistened with an alcohol solution of iodine 1:3000. Additionally, the subungual spaces and nail beds are treated with a 5% alcohol solution of iodine.

- Spasokukotsky-Kochergin method. Hands are washed in two basins with 0.5% ammonia solution for five minutes. Then wipe with a towel and treat with 70 ° alcohol for five minutes. Subungual spaces are treated with 5% iodine solution;

- Kiyashov's method based on the use of a 0.5% ammonia solution, in which hands are washed with brushes for five minutes and wiped with a towel. Completes the preparation of the hands with a 30% zinc sulfate solution for three minutes, and the subungual spaces and nail beds with an additional 5% iodine solution.

During the castration of the boar, the hands were processed according to the Spasokukotsky-Kochergin method.

Sterilization of surgical instruments

Sterilization of surgical instruments. There is a cold and hot ways sterilization of instruments. Hot ones include: sterilization by boiling in water, flombing and others; cold - sterilization in the triple solution of Karetnikov and others.

Sterilization by boiling in water. Spend it in sterilizers. Washed instruments, syringes, needles and others are boiled for 30 minutes in distilled or boiled water.

To increase the sterilization effect, the instruments are boiled in a 3% solution of bicarbonate soda or 0.25% sodium hydroxide solution for 10-15 minutes.

Cold method of sterilization in Karetnikov's triple solution. The solution consists of 20 grams of formolin, 3 grams of phenol and 1 liter of distilled water. Exposure 30 minutes.

Pre-sterilization of instruments. For emergency operations, it is necessary to sterilize the instruments in advance. Pre-sterilization can be carried out according to the Andreev method. The tools are placed in a two-layer linen bag, which is tightly tied and lowered into a boiling 20% ​​solution of carbon dioxide for 15 minutes. After that, the bag is removed, suspended to drain the solution and dry.

Boiling instruments in a 20% carbonic soda solution without wiping them down does not cause corrosion. Instruments remain sterile for several months.

With this operation, sterilization by boiling in water is most acceptable.

Operation field preparation

Preparation of the operation field consists of mechanical cleaning, degreasing, treatment with an antiseptic, isolation of the operation field.

mechanical cleaning includes washing with soap, removing hair by shaving or clipping. The size of the field of operation should be sufficient to ensure sterile conditions.

Prepare the operation field in one of the following ways:

- Grossif-Filonchikov method. The fat-free operation field is “tanned” and asepticized with a 5% iodine solution immediately after mechanical cleaning, and then immediately before tissue incision. The interval between treatments should be at least five minutes;

-mouse way consists in the fact that after shaving, mechanical cleaning and degreasing, the operation field is treated with a 10% aqueous solution of potassium permanganate.

During the operation, the field was prepared according to the Grossif-Filonchikov method.

From a functional point of view, surgical instruments are divided into ordinary metal, cutting, plastic and rubber, as well as optical. The main regulatory document for the processing of medical instruments is: “Industry standard. Sterilization and disinfection of medical devices. Methods, means, modes ("I 42-21 - 2-85. Order M3 of the USSR dated 10.06.85.). Taking into account the unfavorable epidemiological situation for AIDS, the OST was supplemented by order of the GUZO and TsGSEN No. 222/80 dated 06.27.00. SanPiN 2.1. 3.2630-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizations engaged in medical activities" SanPiN 3.1.5.2826-10 "Prevention of HIV infection.

According to these documents, the following successive stages of processing medical devices are assumed: disinfection, pre-sterilization cleaning and sterilization.

Disinfection is carried out in order to protect medical staff from infection during the processing of instruments after surgery. Physical Methods disinfection (boiling, steam and air) in a hospital is practically not used because of the bulkiness, lack of efficiency or because of the rapid wear of tools. The following agents are used as chemical methods: a) 3% solution of chloramine - 60 min; b) 6% hydrogen peroxide solution - 60 min; c) 6% hydrogen peroxide solution + 0.5% detergent solution - 60 min; d) 4% formalin solution (for formaldehyde) - 60 min; e) 4% hydrogen peroxide solution - 90 min; f) preparation "Sydex" - 15 min. All instruments are filled with one of these solutions until they are completely immersed. Washed after disinfection running water.

Pre-sterilization cleaning is carried out to remove protein, fat and mechanical pollution, as well as medicines. During pre-sterilization cleaning, the following actions are performed sequentially: a) soaking for 15 minutes in a washing solution, which includes hydrogen peroxide 3% - 156 ml, detergent- 5 g and water up to a volume - 1 l; b) individual washing of each product in the washing complex for 30 seconds; c) rinsing with running water after using detergents - at least 3 minutes; d) rinsing with distilled water to wash off salts; e) drying of tools until the moisture disappears completely.

actual sterilization. Previously used boiling retains its value only for disinfection or sterilization of instruments for individual use. If the previous steps are carried out during the sterilization of any instruments, regardless of their type, then with direct sterilization they are differentially used various methods depending on the type of sterilized instrument.

Ordinary metal instruments are sterilized in a dry oven or in a steam sterilizer (autoclave).

Sterilization of instruments in a dry-heat cabinet is carried out with hot air for 1 hour at a temperature of 180 C without packaging (open method). To control the quality of sterilization in a dry oven, the following test indicators are used: hydroquinone (the indicator turns black) and thiourea ( yellow indicator turns orange).

Sterilization in a steam sterilizer occurs as a result of exposure to water vapor. It represents two metal cameras nested one inside the other and hermetically sealed with a front cover. Steam from the steam generator enters the outer chamber, from it into the inner chamber and then into the condenser. If the outlet valve of the inner chamber is closed, then the vapor pressure in the inner chamber begins to increase (maximum - up to 2 atm.). In parallel, the steam temperature rises to 132°C at 2 atm. Conventional metal surgical instruments are sterilized at a pressure of 2 atm. within 20 min. Modern steam sterilizers must be of a pass-through type, that is, they must have two front covers on opposite sides of the apparatus, and these covers should be located in different rooms for complete isolation of sterile and non-sterile material. In addition, steam sterilizers must be equipped with generators that create a pulsating vacuum to remove air from the sterilizer, which is a heat insulator and prevents effective sterilization. The instruments to be sterilized in a steam sterilizer are placed in Shimelbusch biscuits or biceps with a special bacterial filter, as well as in special bags for sterilization. Sterile instruments from a closed Shimelbush bix can be used within 3 days, from a closed bix equipped with a filter - within 20 days. After opening the bixes or packages, their contents should be used within 1 day, subject to all asepsis rules.

Packages for sterilization are of several types: a) crepe paper, which is wrapped in the form of an envelope (in the absence of violations of the integrity of the package, it retains the state of sterility of the contents for 3 days); b) paper packaging with a hot-melt adhesive strip and a sterilization indicator [class (unopened packaging keeps the contents sterile for 60 days); c) combined packaging, in which one side is made of laminated paper, and the other side is made of polyethylene film, has a strip of hot melt adhesive and a class I sterilization indicator (unopened package keeps the contents sterile for 1 year). Packaging bags for sterilization are produced by European companies Rexam (England), SPS - lab. (France), Steriking (Finland), etc. Sterilization open way should not be carried out in a steam sterilizer!

There are chemical (cold) methods for sterilizing instruments: 6% hydrogen peroxide solution at 18°C ​​for 6 hours, paraform or 16 "/formaldehyde solution in sealed chambers for 48 hours, 0.5% water-alcohol solution chlorhexidine for 5 minutes, sterilization in special chambers with ethylene oxide PO), as well as radiation sterilization.

Cutting metal instruments (scalpels, surgical needles, scissors, etc.) are sterilized by cold methods so that they do not become dull under the influence of hot steam. The most commonly used for this purpose is hydrogen peroxide or an alcohol solution of chlorhexidine. Scissors can be sterilized in a dry oven. Industrial radiation or ethylene oxide sterilization of scalpels and single-use atraumatic suture is optimal.

Plastic, rubber and optical instruments. Sterilization of rubber and plastic products possible by thermal method in a steam sterilizer under a pressure of 1.1 atm. within 45 min. Currently, disposable gloves are used, sterilized by an industrial beam method, however, in extreme conditions sterilize rubber gloves can be autoclaved. For chemical method sterilization use formalin vapor, ethanol, ethylene oxide, etc.

Beyond gas sterilization optical devices(endoscopes) use a 0.5% alcohol solution of chlorhexidine, pervomur or sideks.

1.2.2. Sterilization of dressings and surgical linen. Dressings and underwear include large and small gauze napkins, gauze swabs, other special gauze and cotton products, as well as sheets, diapers and gowns. The set of material to be autoclaved is called a stack. Steam sterilization is carried out in Schimmelbusch cups, metal cups with filters, as well as in cotton sheets or diapers. Biks are supplied with labels, which should contain information about the contents of the biks and its belonging to one or another operating room or dressing room. The process of preparing dressings for surgery or dressing is divided into 3 stages.

I stage of pre-sterilization preparation of the material. The gauze cloth is cut into pieces of various sizes, depending on what is to be made - small napkins, large napkins, tampons, etc. The gauze should be soft and hygroscopic. The dressing is folded so that the free edges are tucked inside the napkins or tampons.

Stage II - laying and preparing the material for sterilization. There are 3 main types of bix styling. Universal stacking is usually used in dressing rooms and for small operations. At the same time, the material is placed in biks by sectors (in one sector - small napkins, and in the other - large napkins, in the third - tampons, etc.) so that you do not have to violate sterility when searching for one or another type of material. Targeted laying includes everything you need to perform typical manipulations, procedures and minor operations (laying for tracheostomy, for catheterization of the subclavian vein, for epidural anesthesia, etc.). Everything is put in Bix necessary tools, dressing material and underwear. View stacking is used when working in large operating units. At the same time, one type of dressing material or linen is placed in the bix (in one - dressing gowns, in the other - sheets, in the third - napkins, etc.).

Currently, disposable drapes are being used more and more. nonwoven fabric(sheets, diapers, gowns, caps and masks), as well as packages with gauze wipes of industrial radiation sterilization.

III stage - sterilization. Sterilization of linen is carried out by a steam method under pressure of 2 atm. at a temperature of 132°C for 20 min. Before loading into the autoclave, check whether the holes in the bix are open. After sterilization, the hole in the bix is ​​closed with a metal rotating tape on the case of the bix in the process of removing it from the autoclave and the date of sterilization is marked on it.

TREATMENT OF THE SURGEON'S HANDS

Processing (washing) the surgeon's hands is a very important procedure. Exist certain rules hand washing. Consistently it is necessary to carry out: mechanical and chemical (degreasing) treatment, exposure to antiseptic agents and tanning (closing the pores to maintain the sterility of the skin surface).

Modern methods of hand treatment do not require special tanning (film-forming antiseptics or antiseptics with a tanning element are used).

Mechanical and chemical processing

Mechanical and chemical treatment is carried out by washing hands under a tap with a brush and soap. Hands are thoroughly washed from the fingertips to the upper third of the forearm. At the same time, a certain processing sequence is observed, which is based on the principle “do not touch the treated areas of the hands less than clean skin and items."

Application modern ways allows hand washing simply with soap or liquid detergents (in the absence of domestic hand contamination).

Decontamination(the process of destroying microorganisms in order to ensure infection safety) surgical instruments consists of disinfection, cleaning and sterilization. Instruments after purulent operations and dressings, operations in patients who have undergone 5 recent years hepatitis, as well as those at risk of AIDS, are treated separately from others. All disinfection and treatment procedures are carried out by the medical staff in latex gloves of sufficient thickness, gowns, masks, waterproof aprons, goggles, sharp objects handled with care.

After use, the instruments are washed in a container with a disinfectant solution and immersed in another container with a disinfectant solution so that the solution completely covers the instruments. The exposure is maintained depending on the disinfectant solution used.

After disinfection, the instruments are washed with running water. Cleaning is carried out by immersing the instruments in a special cleaning solution, which includes detergent, hydrogen peroxide and water. Exposure 15 - 20 minutes at t 40 - 45 0 C. After that, the tools are washed with a brush in the same solution, and then washed in running and distilled water. Drying is carried out in natural conditions on a sheet or in a dry-heat cabinet at t - 80 0 From 30 minutes.

Sterilization of surgical instruments

Metal surgical non-cutting instruments are sterilized in a dry-heat cabinet or in an autoclave. There are disposable instruments that are sterilized by radiation. The main method of sterilization of cutting instruments is cold chemical method using antiseptic solutions, but can be sterilized in a dry heat cabinet. by the most best method sterilization for them is gas or beam sterilization. Sterilization of rubber medical supplies (catheters, probes, drains, tips, gloves) is carried out by autoclaving at 1 atm. within 30 minutes.

Recently, disposable medical rubber and plastic accessories subjected to radiation factory sterilization are increasingly used. For sterilization optical instruments(laparoscope, gastroscope, etc.) are used gas method and cold chemical sterilization.

LITERATURE

1. Barykina N.V., Zaryanskaya V.G. Nursing in surgery. Rostov n / a: "Phoenix", 2004.

2. Guidelines for paramedical workers / Ed. Yu.P. Nikitina, V.M. Chernyshev. - M.: GEOTAR - Media, 2007.

3. Osipova V.L. Disinfection: tutorial/ V.L. Osipov. - M.: GEOTAR - Media, 2009.

4. Decree No. 9 of February 13, 2009 “On approval of the sanitary and epidemiological rules SP 3.1.2485-09” “Prevention of nosocomial infections in hospitals (departments) of the surgical profile of medical organizations” / Chief Nurse, - 2009, No. 5.

All surgical instruments according to the characteristics of the materials used and other qualities can be divided into three groups: metal (cutting and non-cutting), rubber and plastic,

optical. Sterilization of non-cutting metal tools
The main method of sterilization is hot air sterilization in a dry heat cabinet or in an autoclave under standard conditions. Sterilization of cutting metal instruments
The main method of sterilization of cutting instruments is a cold chemical method using antiseptic solutions. Recently, in dressing rooms, cutting instruments, as well as non-cutting ones, are sterilized in a dry-heat cabinet, which leads to some decrease in their sharpness, but ensures absolute sterility.
by the most in better ways sterilization are gas sterilization and especially radiation sterilization in the factory. The latter method has become widespread using disposable scalpel blades and surgical needles (atraumatic suture material).

Sterilization of surgical instruments is carried out by boiling, autoclaving and antiseptic substances. Non-cutting instruments are sterilized by boiling in a 1-2% sodium bicarbonate solution, which prevents metal oxidation and increases the boiling point. You can boil instruments in distilled water.

Instruments can be sterilized packed in bixes or wrapped in sheets in an autoclave for 30 minutes. at a pressure of 2 am. Dry air sterilization is also used drying cabinets at t° 180-200° for 40 min. In emergency cases, sterilization of instruments by firing is allowed. Having laid them in a metal tray, they are doused with alcohol, which is set on fire. But from such sterilization, the instruments deteriorate, and the method is not reliable. cutting tools when boiled in water, they become dull, so they are sterilized in a cold way. After washing with a brush and soap, they are immersed for 2 hours in 96% alcohol. Alcohol of a lower concentration causes rust. The syringes are sterilized by boiling in distilled water for 30 minutes. Cylinders and pistons are boiled separately, wrapped in gauze. If the syringes are made of heat-resistant glass that can withstand temperatures above 200°C, dry-air sterilization at t° 200°C for 30 minutes is best. The needles are boiled with mandrin or filled with water using a syringe. Otherwise, air is stored in their lumen, which prevents the flow of water. New needles are cleaned of grease and three times for 20 minutes. boil in 2% sodium bicarbonate solution, changing the water each time. Then they are placed in gasoline for two hours and again boiled twice in a 2% solution of sodium bicarbonate. Keep the needles dry, with mandrin. Disassembled syringes and needles can be stored in 96% alcohol in special metal cases or in a glass vessel.

Sterilization of medical equipment is a long and labor-intensive procedure that no clinic can do without. This manipulation takes place in three stages, each of which needs special care and scrupulousness. In order to facilitate the work of physicians and the qualitative destruction of harmful microorganisms, sterilizing medical devices are actively used today. Their main advantages are convenience and reliability.

What must be sterilized in medical institutions?

The considered type of treatment is applied to all medical instruments in contact with the wound surface, mucous membranes, and the victim's blood.

This toolkit consists of the following components:

1. dressing material.
2. Laboratory glassware: beakers, thin glass tubes, cones.
3. Operating linen.
4. Needles.
5. rubber products used in medical purposes: catheters, gloves, probes, drainage tubes.
6. Devices that touch damaged surfaces of the body.
7. Small dental instruments: burs, canal fillers, drills.
8. Devices and equipment for diagnostic measures.

Video: Cleaning and disinfection of conventional medical instruments

The main stages of sterilization

The procedure under consideration is carried out in three stages, the sequence of which must be observed without fail:

1. Disinfection

Provides for the elimination of harmful microorganisms in the room, on tools and consumables that are used in clinics. At the same time, not only floors, walls and hard furniture are disinfected, but also the air, patient care products, sanitary facilities, etc.

• The stay in the hospital of a person with an infectious disease is a reason for focal disinfection.
• In general, on a weekly basis, in operating rooms and manipulation rooms, general cleaning. Wet cleaning premises is carried out every day. Such a set of activities is called preventive disinfection.

Based on the purpose of equipment that comes into contact with the skin, disinfection can be of three types:

1. low level. Indicated for the disinfection of devices that come into contact with intact skin. The main means of this type of disinfection are preparations containing chlorine, phenol, ethyl or isopropyl alcohol, as well as iodophors. These drugs are not capable of destroying the products of reproduction of fungi and bacteria, as well as small viruses of a non-lipid nature. They cope well with the rest of the group of pathogenic microparticles.
2. High level. It is used to process medical devices that are used to contact blood, injection solutions, blood vessels, clean body tissues. The main components of this type of disinfection are a 6% solution of hydrogen peroxide, aldehyde and chlorine compounds, as well as preparations containing peracetic acid. Such agents eliminate all pathogenic microparticles, except for the products of reproduction of fungi.
3. intermediate level. It makes it possible to cope with large lipid viruses, vegetative forms of bacteria. Non-lipid microviruses, bacterial reproduction products, are resistant to such purification. Intermediate disinfection is used for instruments that come into contact with mucous membranes or with torn skin.

Disinfection is carried out in several ways:

• Mechanical. Provides for wiping surfaces with a damp cloth, washing the operating room and bed linen, furniture and floor vacuuming. In addition, regular ventilation of all rooms in the clinic is mandatory.
• Biological. To eliminate certain harmful microorganisms, they turn to bacteriophages. These antagonists have a narrow spectrum of action, and therefore they are used mainly for disinfection of premises and hard surfaces.
• Physical. Objects that are subject to disinfection are exposed to high temperatures. This can be boiling in a solution of distilled water with soda, steaming, dry air. This method is not dangerous for the clinic staff and is distinguished by its reliability.
• Chemical. The most popular method of disinfection in medical facilities. Can be quite aggressive for those who work with chemical reagents, therefore, it is recommended to place the products to be disinfected on the grids in the chambers. The essence of the method under consideration is the immersion of medical inventory in disinfecting chemical solutions. The container into which these preparations are poured must be made of plastic, glass, or covered with a layer of enamel. The disinfectants themselves should be stored in tightly closed containers indicating the exact name of the drug, the date of its manufacture and the timing of use. When working with such substances, nurses should wear a respiratory mask, goggles and gloves. The room at this time should be ventilated or ventilated. It is not allowed to dilute any chemical solutions warm / hot water: this will provoke increased evaporation of substances harmful to the body.

All means of chemical disinfection, due to their composition, are conditionally divided into 7 groups:

1. Oxygen-containing drugs. Oxygen is the active ingredient here. Most prominent representative this group is hydrogen peroxide.
2. Guanide-containing agents. They do a good job of eliminating a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria. They are represented by the following products: Gibitan, Lisetol AF, Fogucid, etc.
3. Halogenated Substances, which are based on iodine, chlorine, and also bromine.
4. Surfactants (surfactants), that do not lead to the formation of rust on metals over time. Thanks to their properties, it is possible to combine the procedure of disinfection and pre-sterilization cleaning.
5. Alcohols. Indicated for the treatment of work surfaces, medical equipment, as well as for the skin.
6. Preparations containing succinic or glutaraldehyde. Effectively cope with bacteria, viruses, spores, macro-organisms.
7. Phenol-based products. Often they are used to clean the premises where there are patients with tuberculosis.

Contaminated work equipment immediately after use is immersed in a special container, which is filled with a chemical disinfectant solution. The height of the liquid above the level of the instrument must be at least 1 cm. In case of significant contamination, cleaning is carried out twice. Disinfection ends with washing medical equipment under running water. If contamination is present at this stage, they are removed mechanically, using a ruff, napkin or brush.

2. Pre-sterilization cleaning (PSC)

It is necessary for quality processing instruments that come into contact with wound surfaces, mucous membranes.

These devices are pre-disassembled and immersed in a container with a pre-prepared solution. For such a technique, special solutions- or use ready-made disinfectants. In the first case, water, hydrogen peroxide, and detergents are used.

The quality of the cleaning of the medical instrument is assessed by conducting special tests on three units of products.

3. Direct sterilization

It is a mandatory method for processing instruments that come into contact with clean body tissues, blood vessels, and blood.

Complete sterilization is carried out using sterilizers - special equipment.

There are three main methods of sterilization:

1) Thermal

Subdivided into:

• Steam using an autoclave. Disinfection is achieved by exposure to steam under excess pressure. The causative agents of the disease begin to die here already at a temperature of 120C. This procedure can last from 15 minutes to 1 hour. The cleaning time depends on the material from which the product is made and the degree of contamination.
• air, with help dry oven. It is used to disinfect items that, due to their specific structure, cannot be exposed to gases and vapors. Harmful microorganisms in such devices are eliminated under the influence of high temperatures (180 C).
• microwave. Suitable for cleaning a small amount of surgical or laboratory equipment. The principle of sterilization is to place objects in a partial vacuum and expose them to microwaves. This manipulation takes only 30 seconds.

2) Chemical

There are several types:

1. Plasma. Provides for the use of 20% hydrogen peroxide.
2. Ozone sterilization. Lasts about 60 minutes.
3. Vapor cleaning chemical compounds. For such purposes can be used:

• Ethylene oxide with methyl bromide: for sterilization of rubber, glass, metal, polymer products, as well as medical optics, pacemakers. For this method of disinfection, a gas sterilizer is used.
• Vapors of formaldehyde and water. At a temperature of 75C in a stationary formalin sterilizer, rubber, glass, metal, polymer inventory is processed for 5 hours.

3) Radioactive

It is based on the principle of transformation of ionic energy into chemical and thermal energy. This favors the destruction of the DNA of pathogens, which stops the process of reproduction of pathogenic microparticles, and completely stops their existence.

This method is often used in the factory, during the mass production of medical equipment (for example, disposable syringes).

Video: The process of disinfection and sterilization of medical instruments

All methods of sterilization of instruments, dressings, etc. in medicine today - the necessary equipment

Today, in medical practice, sterilizers are most often used, which are cleaned by means of hot air or steam.

Each of them has its own disadvantages and advantages.

1. Dry sterilization method negatively affects the strength of glass and metal. Small dental appliances also suffer: when exposed to temperatures above 160 C, they become dull and brittle. Another negative aspect of this type of disinfection is the inability to control the quality of cleaning items.
2. To date, the most efficient and high-quality means of disinfection is steam technique. It can be used to process tools that are sensitive to high temperatures. By means of the specified devices medical products pass all three stages of sterilization. Steam for sterilization in an autoclave is generated by boiling water in a boiler. The specified steam enters the sterilization chamber, where contaminated objects are placed. In order to maintain normal pressure, safety valve. In addition, the autoclave is equipped with a manometer and a thermometer to measure the vapor mass pressure and temperature, respectively.

Modern autoclaves come in three classes:

• Class equipmentN. It does a good job cleaning loose cloth materials as well as solid smooth medical equipment.
• class devicesS. They can be used for disinfection of objects made of cloth, which are packed, as well as for porous and smooth instruments.
• Class B autoclaves. They are a universal device for sterilization, as they are suitable for any medical equipment. They are especially popular in dental clinics.

In order to facilitate and speed up the sterilization process, the medical goods market offers the following equipment:

1. Devices for careful packing of inventory before sterilization.
2. Washers for disinfection. Helps remove visible impurities. Their main purpose is the pre-sterilization treatment of medical instruments.
3. Distillers. Relevant for medical institutions who actively practice autoclaves use distilled water for steam cleaning.