Actara from ants. How to get rid of ants in the beds: effective methods. Physical means of destruction

Ants have long and firmly taken their positions. At first glance, they are harmless and hard-working creatures, but they are quite a serious threat to the crop in the garden. And first of all, ants harm the plants on the site.

Why are ants dangerous in the area?

Ants settled on the site contribute to the emergence and further spread of aphids, which is one of the main garden pests. The aphid settles on the shoots and leaves of plants, and sucks out all the juices from them, which ultimately leads to the death of the young shoots. In addition, aphids tolerate viral infections capable of causing plant disease.

Ants try to protect the aphids, because they produce their favorite delicacy - honeydew, which is also called honeydew. If the ants have bred great amount, then they are able to oppress some horticultural crops, up to eating root crops in which a high sugar content - for example, pumpkin or carrots will fall under their attention first of all.

Garden ants often damage the contents of the buds of flower beds, causing the death and fall of the petals, and in addition, they can even damage the lawn - so the question of how to get rid of ants is of no small importance.

Ants are able to quickly choose a country house. In addition to the remnants of food, they will not ignore electrical appliances, which is fraught with problems, up to a short circuit.

What methods against ants are preferable: folk or chemical?

Many sellers of baits and ant control products are skeptical of folk methods. Chemicals are said to be more effective and, in fact, they are the only option that can control the spread of ants. However, it makes sense to consider the following points when choosing a method of persecuting ants:

chemicals often contain components harmful to the human body,
through the leaves and root system pesticides can get into the fruits, which later fall on the table.
the use of such agents can harm not only ants, but also the vegetation on which they were applied,
if on garden plot children play, or pets are present, there is a risk that they will use chemicals instead of ants.

Unlike chemistry, folk remedies involve the use of natural ingredients that are unable to harm both humans and vegetation upon contact with them.

All species are conditionally classified into several varieties:

repellent,
access limiters,
destruction of workers on the surface of the site,
destruction of the entire ant colony.

Repellents are primarily understood as those species that have a sharp smell for the ants to smell, which serves as a barrier to insects. The use of mint and chamomile, as well as garlic, cinnamon and elderflower, can stop ants from reaching certain areas, such as supply lockers and vegetable gardens. In addition to these remedies, simple sunflower oil also serves as an effective barrier - it is enough to apply a thin strip on the desired surface, and the ants will not dare to cross it.

Access restrictors mean a container for storing food or other things that can be hermetically sealed. In addition, it is possible to install limiters in the garden, for example, on trees. In this case, strips of foil or polyethylene, wrapped around the circumference of the tree trunk in the form of a strip, and fixed with adhesive tape or twine, will act as their role. Ants will not be able to get over the foil, and polyethylene is recommended to be lubricated with a layer of non-drying glue. Such a solution is often called a "trapping belt" and is characterized by ease of manufacture and its effectiveness. The installation of a water barrier will help to limit access to shrubs, which will also act as an ordinary car tire cut in half. It is put on a bush and deepened into the ground, after which it is filled with water. In the event that the base of the bush has big sizes, then several tires are used, which are cut into pieces and create a barrier base of any diameter, which is later sealed.

The destruction of workers in particular involves the periodic persecution of ants that are on the surface of the site. Since more than 90% of the individuals are constantly inside the anthill, this method can bring some benefit, but nevertheless, it should be considered as an auxiliary tool in the fight against ants. Typically used various types baited traps capable of luring and destroying workers.

It is the complete destruction of the entire colony of ants that can stop the spread of pests throughout the site. Majority chemicals specializes in just that. However, there are also simple effective methods how to breed an ant colony without the use of pesticides.

Ways to remove ants on the site

There are a significant number of ways to get ants out of the area. But, in order for the fight to be really effective, you need to use a clear strategy.

First of all, it is necessary to get rid of aphids, which serve for ants as a kind of domestic cow for humans. It has been repeatedly noticed that ants "grow" aphids, feeding and placing them on young shoots if possible. You can get rid of it with the help of simple solutions that are sprayed on areas affected by aphids. For example, an insecticide called Aktara is suitable for these purposes, which is distinguished by a long protective period of 3 to 9 weeks, depending on the method of application, and also by the fact that, in addition to aphids, it can effectively destroy over a hundred species of other major pests of agricultural crops. The cost of the drug is $ 1.5 per sachet weighing 6 g, which is enough to prepare 6 liters ready solution. After insecticide treatment, the aphid dies within a few hours, and the plant itself long time protected from pests.
Physical destruction of anthills by digging the soil, after which they must be shed with boiling water to kill the larvae, as well as with a solution of carbolic acid or flax, when 30 g is used per 1 liter of water linseed oil and 5 g of soda. After filling with water, the anthill must be covered with ash or quicklime.

The use of traps and baits. Hunting belts, dressed on trees, will be a great way to protect a tree from an invasion of ants. Chemical baits are able to lure ants, but their effectiveness is debatable - since they are hit by a small number of worker ants, while the queen remains underground. Offered a significant amount folk methods for bait and destruction of ants, which need to be considered and determine their effectiveness:
- Biologists recommend the most humane way is to cover the discovered anthill with a bucket. After some time, the ants form an elevation inside the bucket, which must then be dug out with a shovel and taken outside the site. If necessary, the ground under the anthill is also dug up to carry away the larvae. The method is aimed at protecting the ants and continuing their life, but it is worth remembering that often the depth of the uterus is 1.5 m, sometimes more. It turns out that you need to dig up enough earth to install a lighting pole and still not get to the queen, in which case she will quickly produce new worker ants.
- It is known that ants do not tolerate strong odors. Amateur gardeners recommend putting the head of a smoked herring on the anthill, but it is important to pay attention that in open areas and when exposed to sun rays the decomposed repeller will cause discomfort to the owners of the site. In addition, this method is quite controversial, since it will attract flies, and often ants perceive such signs of attention as a source of food sent from above. But the very statement about pungent odors is true, ants do not tolerate the smell sunflower oil, garlic and mint, so it is advisable to treat plants with a solution of them. It does not make sense to lay out garlic cloves, the ants will simply carry away the source of the unpleasant smell away from their anthill.
- Pouring boiling water inside the anthill. The easiest way, really distinguished by its effectiveness. Filling must be done several times, large quantity water. It is important to remember that if the anthill is located in close proximity to the plants, then boiling water can damage their root system, which will lead to illness and possible death,
- Sweet baits. As a rule, they are based on honey or jam, on which ants flock abundantly. Inefficient way, since in this case only worker ants will fall into them, the number of which will not pose a threat to the rest of the anthill.
- Meat bait and old bones. They act on the principle of sweet baits, but differ in the same weak degree of usefulness. In addition to that bad smell will bring more inconvenience than benefit.
- Sprinkling the surface of the anthill with semolina or corn grits. It is claimed that the digestive system of ants is not able to cope with the grits, and they will die. Practice has shown the weak effectiveness of the method.
- Often there is a recommendation to “settle new neighbors”, namely large red ants, which must be caught in the forest. It is claimed that the red ants will eat the black ones and then leave as they feed on the living and they will have nothing to eat. But if you look at the nature of ants, then you should be skeptical about this method. Red ants also feed on the remains and secretions from aphids, invertebrates and plant juices that they can find on the site. In addition, those cottages that are located close to the forest often have red ants on their territory. Whoever likes to visit - he does not aspire home. This saying well justifies the behavior of ants, since they feel quite free in apartment conditions, not to mention suburban area. If red ants are settled, the problem of their subsequent eviction will become just as relevant. Since colonies are often vast anthills in which thousands, and in some cases several million ants live their lives, it is difficult to imagine that a hundred or two red ants carefully caught in the forest are able to cope with the "local" without becoming another food or captives, since ants are able to wage organized wars, but at the same time capture other individuals for their own purposes.
- The best folk remedy for ants is a prepared mixture of boric acid and sweet bait. In this case, the death of the ants does not occur instantly, they manage to convey the poisoned particles to the food of the uterus - therefore, this method often leads to the death of the queen herself.

The use of pesticides is a last resort, as they also harm plants. Often such products contain diazinon, which poses a significant danger to bees.

In general, there are many ways to breed ants and each has its own supporters, so for the most part you will have to check them yourself.

Fight against ants in a country house

More often, activity is manifested by ants on the site, but nevertheless, uninvited guests able to visit the country house in search of food. In this case, you should remove them using the same slow-acting poisonous baits that are sold in stores, or if you make it yourself based on boric acid, which destroys the chitin of ants and effectively destroys them. Otherwise, the method of fighting ants in country house the same as in the area.

What benefits can ants bring to the site

Nevertheless, you should not rush to sound the alarm and arm yourself with insecticides when you see at least one ant on the site. Ants bring many benefits to garden plots. They protect plant stems from fly and caterpillar larvae, slugs and other pests.

In addition, the presence of ants in the soil improves its structure and increases the amount useful substances obtained in the course of their life. For example, the amount of phosphorus in the earth rises up to 10 times, potassium - 2 times. Moreover, these substances pass from soluble forms to insoluble ones, due to which the plant roots receive the necessary nourishment.

In general, their presence is necessary for the normal life of the site, it is only important to monitor the number and protect some areas in which their appearance is undesirable.

Ants in the garden are quite common. They do not ask permission from man, building their houses on his plantations, beds with carrots and flower beds. And of course, gardeners do not agree to put up with such unexpected neighbors. In fact, there is both harm and benefit from ants, but the discomfort that they bring makes it necessary to make a decision to exterminate. Moreover, ants can bring aphids with them to the garden, which can lead to damage to various cultivated plants and flowers. That is why, when ants are found in a garden plot, a person tries to take effective measures to combat these insects.

Where do garden ants come from?

Like any other living creatures, garden ants are trying to survive, breed and find their own food. They are looking for a calm, fertile place for themselves, where there is something to profit from, and where there are no enemies. But appearing in the garden, insects unconsciously cause serious discomfort to its owner: they fill the entire space, devour the leaves and spoil the overall appearance of the garden. Pests usually appear in not too neat gardens. Where there is constant digging and processing, there is less chance of survival. You can often see such a phenomenon as ants on currants, strawberries, potatoes, carrots and other cultivated plants, and this can greatly upset people who planted them with great difficulty.

Do they bite?
Can garden ants bite humans? The answer to this question will be rather negative. In extremely rare cases, these insects can bite, but only in self-defense. But even if the ants are harmless in this matter, this does not negate the harm that they can bring along with their appearance. Therefore, the fight against ants in the garden should be carried out in a timely and directed manner. After all, they can multiply quite quickly and for a short time can fill the whole garden. Withdraw garden ants at an early stage of infection is not difficult, but when there are several times more of them, this can become a big problem.

Many are interested in the question of how to deal with garden ants not to harm garden plants. In fact, insect poison will not affect the quality of the seedlings, especially if the anthill is far away. Of course the most effective means- these are chemical, but to work with them, you need to use special gloves and a respirator. Folk remedies are excellent, besides, they do not require serious costs. You can try to fight in a physical way, but it is good for initial stage infections.

How to get rid of garden ants with chemicals

Anticides in the garden can destroy all insects in the garden in a short time. They have a destructive effect on nervous system pests, which leads to very rapid death. Chemicals are most commonly available as liquids or granules, both of which must be used with great care. The liquid is usually diluted with water and the resulting composition must be treated with an anthill. And the granules can simply be decomposed in places of accumulation of insects and they will immediately begin to act.

Such means include:

"Muracid"
"Ant"
"Phenaksin"
"Aktara" and others.

Physical means of destruction

Sometimes people feel sorry for insects and use physical method control of garden ants. It means moving the anthill somewhere away from the garden. To do this, you need to remove the anthill completely, load it into a wheelbarrow and take it to the forest or to the field. But it is worth knowing that in this way it is impossible to provide protection against ants, because their home is not only on the surface, but also deep underground. Therefore, they will definitely breed again.

Boiling water treatment can also be attributed to physical means. Because insects are very afraid hot water and high temperatures, this may solve the problem. But this is also suitable only at the initial stage of infection, since boiling water still does not destroy all unwanted neighbors.

Folk methods of struggle

The fight against garden ants can be carried out in more economical and quite effective folk ways. This is the treatment of an anthill with the help of such means as kerosene, benzene, ammonia and other drugs with a pungent odor. You can use ashes as a way to fight. You just need to sprinkle it on the anthill and wait for the result. Herbs such as wormwood, wild rosemary and chamomile also help well. By the way, chamomile flowers are very effective remedy to fight insects called feverfew. When ingested, this drug causes a rapid death.

There is another very effective folk remedy for garden ants, which is prepared from a mixture of hot pepper and borax. These components must be mixed with egg and flour so that the insects taste the "delicacy" and get seriously poisoned with a fatal outcome.

Ant control services in the garden

Of course, the most best solution the call of specialists will become, as they know perfectly well how to get rid of garden ants. Professionals use strong toxic chemicals that ensure pests die quickly. Of course, such a service costs money, but still peace of mind and a clean garden are much more expensive. In addition, specialists will be able to destroy garden ants so that they no longer disturb the owners of the garden with their visit. You can find an organization engaged in the destruction of ants using the Internet or by contacting the housing and communal services.

Prevention

Most the best remedy from garden ants - this is the prevention of their appearance. If there are no insects, then there is no problem. Timely preventive measures taken can protect the garden from the invasion of pests. It can be tillage with boiling water, as well as proper care for her. Ants, fearing for their lives, will never settle in a garden that is regularly and efficiently processed.

Content

Ants are considered not very dangerous insects, and some gardeners even consider them useful for own garden. In fact, they do more harm than good. And when their number is constantly increasing, many are trying to figure out how to get rid of ants in the garden. There are many various means that help solve this problem. You can use purchased chemicals, but most gardeners prefer folk remedies because they are safe for the crop.

Before using any method of removing ants with personal plot, it is important to understand why you need to get rid of them, and what is the harm of these insects in the garden. Then there will be no doubts and even pity for the ants. They can live in the forest, where they do not disturb or harm anyone. And healthy and strong plants should live in the garden, delighting their owners with a rich harvest.

What is the harm

Small and seemingly harmless insects actually seriously harm plants and trees in the garden, so you should definitely get rid of them. The main harm that ants cause is expressed in such factors:

forming nests deep in the ground, ants eat up the roots of plants, preventing their growth;
in addition to roots, ants also feed on seeds and fruits of plants, love fruit juice;

Another "delicacy" of ants is the sweet discharge of aphids, so often the appearance of some insects leads to the reproduction of others, and the ants will protect the aphids from ladybugs and small birds that feed on it;
Ants prefer to build nests in trees and in cracks in houses, increasing their size and breaking the strength of buildings.

One or two nests of ants in the garden do not pose a great danger, because they are really able to loosen the earth, supplying it with oxygen. But their number will grow over time if you do not try to get rid of insects. Therefore, it is better to immediately take measures to destroy them.

Use of chemicals

The simplest and most effective way to get rid of ants in the garden is to use chemicals. When purchasing them in a store, you need to get the advice of the seller and carefully read the terms of use in the garden so as not to harm the plants and not spoil the crop. Most effective drugs for ant control are:

Kombad;
Ant-eater;
Intavir;
Fitoverm;
Aktara and others.

It will be necessary to process the nests and adjacent territories near the anthills several times, since only a small part of the insects will die after the first use. Feeling the chemical smell, they can hide in the ground for a long time to wait out the danger. Therefore, it is important to pour the solution into the nest. And after a while, observe the anthills and repeat the processing procedure.

Folk methods

Starting the fight against insects in the garden, you need to know which methods and means are the most effective. Moreover, it is not enough to poison the worker ants that crawl on the surface, you need to get to the nest where their uterus is located. If you do not want to resort to the help of toxic chemicals, you can use folk ways. Most of them are based on the use of strong-smelling products, because ants cannot stand pungent odors.

Therefore, their nests can be filled with solutions with a concentrated unpleasant odor. The most commonly used tools are:

Kerosene. It is enough to add 10 tablespoons to a bucket of water. kerosene, and pour all the anthills found with the resulting mixture. To enhance the effect, you can cover the nest with a film, an unpleasant smell will drive all insects away from this place.
A mixture of sweet water and boric acid initially it will seem to the insects a delicious treat that they will want to bring to the nest for the queen. And after a while, this solution will lead to the death of most of the insects.

Anthills can be sprinkled with ashes or “arrows” from garlic can be laid out near them. Insects also do not like this smell, they will tend to run away.
Another effective powder, with which you can sprinkle all found anthills - ground cinnamon. It is absolutely safe for plants, but insects do not like it at all.
Yeast - dangerous food for ants, because it is not digested by their stomach and leads to the death of insects. To make such a bait more attractive, you need to dilute a little dry powder in water, stir well to a thick consistency, add a little honey or jam. "Treat" needs to be laid out in the habitats of ants, which will help to get rid of pests quite quickly.

Taking measures to destroy ants, you will have to pay attention to their food source - aphids. Getting rid of it is also not easy, especially if the number of these pests is constantly growing and affects many plants. Simple and effective way the fight against aphids is a soapy solution. You can use the usual laundry soap, although it is much easier to apply liquid. The mixed solution needs to be sprayed on the leaves of plants, for them it is absolutely harmless, but the aphids will die. When the ants have nothing to eat, they will leave the garden in search of others, more suitable places habitat.

Aphid infestation is a real threat not only gardening horticultural crops, but also indoor plants. Therefore, both agronomists and flower growers are trying to use drugs that would not only kill pests, but also be useful for the "green friend". This is exactly what the Aktara remedy is. The insecticide is widely used in agriculture to protect plants from scale insects, whiteflies, colorado potato beetle. Aktara's remedy for aphids is also effective.

About the composition

Aktara is produced in several variations in the form of:

suspensions;
water soluble powder;
tablets;
water soluble granules.

About properties

Aktara from aphids is used by many summer residents and flower growers, since the tool has several advantages:

has a wide spectrum of action, destroying most harmful insects(Colorado and May beetles, scale insect, whitefly, spider mite, aphids, thrips);
the tool is very effective, starting to act a few minutes after the treatment;
safety - the toxic composition is broken down and removed from the green parts of the plant after 3 weeks, after which the processed fruits can be eaten;
a long period of protection, which is maintained depending on the culture and consumption rate, is from 15 to 30 days;
absorbed into the tissues of the plant, the composition is able to preserve beneficial features even if there is high temperature, bright light and humidity;
easy way to use;
relatively low cost - the price of a package of Aktara (4 g) within 100 rubles.

Application rules

Aktara against aphids is diluted with water in accordance with the proportion indicated in the description (2 g of the substance per bucket of water), instructions for use are attached to each package. The solution retains its properties for 48 hours from the moment of dilution.

When working with an insecticidal composition, it is necessary to use individual funds protection ( rubber gloves, respirator, goggles and maximally closed clothing).
Spraying with the prepared solution is carried out using a spray bottle, watering can or a spray bottle. Moreover, the flow of spray should not be directed against the wind.
Processing is carried out in the morning or evening hours in the absence of precipitation and wind. The treatment should be repeated if precipitation occurs within 2 hours after spraying.
For achievement maximum effect after 3 weeks, the plants are re-treated.

Many gardeners and gardeners have already been able to verify the effectiveness of the product, leaving numerous reviews about Aktarev on the Internet. This drug is treated fruit trees, vegetable crops, flowers.

Ants - dangerous pests kitchen garden

Summer residents and owners of private houses are wondering: how to deal with ants in the garden, and is it worth it? Undoubtedly worth it. Insects can bring substantial harm horticultural crops, orchards and flower beds. Let's see if their presence is necessary on the site, and whether it is worth getting rid of them or not.

Need ants in the garden or is it worth fighting them

Some gardeners speak positively about these insects. They claim that black garden goosebumps benefit both soil and plants:

building passages in the ground, they loosen it, supplying the roots of plants with oxygen;
pollinate plants and flowers;
in the process of protein extraction, they fight many other pests, larvae and caterpillars;
are food for birds.

The benefits of ants in the garden: reality or myth

Like other insects, ants cause irreparable damage to the site, feeding on plants and fruits. But the main reason to get rid of them forever is aphid breeding. Ants feed on the products of its vital activity - a sticky liquid saturated with carbohydrates. In this case, aphids are used as a cash cow: they are grown, bred, and even graze on plants, protecting them from other insects.

Reasons for the appearance of a pest on the site

To get rid of ants in the garden, you need to find out the reason for their appearance. Aphids are the first signal of a threat. The presence of these inhabitants of the garden precedes the appearance of garden goosebumps. The waste products of aphids are a source of sweet carbohydrates for them. In order to expand the "pasture" they can move aphids to other plants, providing them with food and protecting them from other insects.

Having found a sticky coating on the leaves of plants, one should not only carry out measures to combat aphids, but also think about how to get the ants out of the garden. If you deprive the ants of food in time, they themselves will leave the territory.

How to get rid of ants in the garden permanently

Insect control chemicals

"Anteater" is very popular. The active ingredient diazinon is used against aphids, mole crickets, weevil, bedbugs, ants, moths. Absorbed through the skin, it causes paralysis of insects within 2 days after treatment.

No less effective are the drugs: Kombad, Fitoverm, Intavir, Aktara. Before you remove the ants from the garden, you must carefully study the instructions for the selected product. The drugs are used strictly according to the indicated dosages. They treat not only aphid-infected plants, but also neighboring ones. Even when there are no visible signs of the presence of insects at the moment, there is no guarantee that the crop is not infested with pests.

Fighting ants in the garden with folk remedies

The use of chemicals is not always convenient, because when processing cultivated plants, they can absorb toxic substances. There are many proven recipes. They will help if ants appear in the garden, how to get rid of folk remedies and what mixtures to use for this, we will consider in more detail.

The simplest and in a safe way is the use of soapy water. As you know, aphids breathe through the skin, and the soap film will block the insect's access to oxygen.

Soap solution - an excellent remedy for ants in the garden

For preparation it is necessary to dissolve 0.1 l liquid soap in 10 liters of water. Spraying of affected plants is carried out in the evening at sunset. Soon the liquid dries up, leaving an impenetrable crust.

This treatment will help get rid of aphids - the main source of their food. Soon, unwanted insects will leave the site themselves. It should be remembered that it is necessary to process the leaves of plants both from above and from below, since aphids most often live on the underside of the leaf.

You can scare off pests with a strong smell. It is necessary to prepare in advance an infusion of onion or garlic. A folk remedy for ants in the garden is prepared as follows: the fruits are crushed and poured with water, covering the pieces, then tightly closed with a lid or clogged.

After 7-10 days, the product is ready, but it must be used with water, in a 1: 1 ratio. All plants are sprayed with the resulting infusion to repel aphids and other unwanted guests.

Ant control products in the garden

Trees and shrubs are also under threat. Folk remedies for ants in the garden are also suitable for orchard. Plants are treated with the same infusions and solutions. Tree trunks are carefully spaced.

Another effective way is a garden insect adhesive ALT. The stem is wrapped with a film and an adhesive solution is applied. Goosebumps, in an attempt to move aphids to a new place, get stuck in glue and die. Also, ordinary foil will help in the fight against insects: tree trunks are wrapped in foil, lifting the edge and forming a skirt. Ants are not as flexible and will not be able to overcome the sharp edge of the foil.

Many summer residents prefer to fight the anthills themselves: dig them up and carry them over the site, fill their tunnels with special gels: Great Warrior from Leroy Merlin, Absolute, Raptor, or soapy water. But if there are aphids on the territory of the garden and vegetable garden, the insects will return.

Protect flower beds from ants

Pests often inhabit flower beds. Most often, flower beds are sprayed. Suitable for this effective drugs, such as Thunder-2 or Anteater.

You can scare away pests without harming plants with the help of infusions on citrus peels with strong aroma, or celandine (a bunch of flowers insist 2 days on water).

Home flowers in pots on the veranda can be protected with tobacco smoke: the plant is placed in a plastic bag and fumigated, left overnight. The aphids die and the ants leave.

An easy way to get ants out of the garden with folk remedies and not harm them is to install a sweet bait. Just dilute old jam with water or cook sugar syrup, and leave in several places on the site. Insects will feast on treats, and there will be no need to breed aphids.

In pest control, ammonia is often used. They are filled with anthills (0.1 liter of substance per 1 liter of boiled water).

Solution with ammonia from ants

In 10 liters of boiled water, dilute 1 tablespoon ammonia, add 2-4 tablespoons of sugar. After half an hour, the mass will become homogeneous, and it will be possible to treat plants with it by spraying. The cultures themselves will not receive any harm due to insignificant concentration, and the insects will die.

Boric acid from ants in the garden is effective and very effective and safe for plants, beneficial insects, and animal means. The powder is mixed in equal amounts with sugar, and sprinkled into tree trunks, anthills, flower beds and beds. Over time, insects leave the site.

Outcome

In the fight against ants, it is necessary first of all to get rid of the cause of their appearance - aphids. Protection of the garden and garden from pests - long and laborious process so it's easier to prevent. To do this, it is necessary to apply preventive measures against the re-population of insects, using sparing methods and folk recipes for this.

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