Community of green men. Leaflet - a beautiful garden fern Leaflet care

Leaflet - very beautiful garden fern, which can also be grown as houseplant. Unlike other representatives, it has whole leaves, so the leaflet in the photo looks very bright and unusual. Often it is also called a kostenets or phyllitis. The plant lives in the Mediterranean and at the foot of the European mountains, in shady and humid areas.

Description

Leaf fern is an evergreen perennial from the Kostentsov family. The plant has a straight, slightly branched rhizome of medium length. The roots are covered with small scales and form a small compaction on the soil surface.

The ground part of the bush consists of petiole foliage. On short dense petioles, which barely reach a third of the length of the leaf, are entire lanceolate or belt-shaped leaves. Their length is 20-50 cm, and their width is about 4-7 cm. Young leaves appear in spring and at first resemble a twisted snail shell, they straighten over time. The upper side of the frond is leathery, bright green. Transverse stripes are visible on the leaf plate, like an outlined pattern of pinnate foliage.

On the reverse, darker side of the frond surface are sori. They resemble grayish transverse stripes arranged symmetrically. In them under thin film numerous controversies arose.

Varieties

In total, 10 species are registered in the genus of the leaflet, but only a small part of the plants is used in cultivation. The most common is leaf scolopendra or common. It is common in the European and American foothills. The fern forms a small bush, up to 60 cm high. The width of the petiolate belt-like leaves is 3-5 cm. The base of the leaf is heart-shaped, and the edges are slightly wavy. The foliage is straight and only slightly leans to the sides. Greenish or brown scales are visible on the petiole. Within this variety, several ornamental varieties:

• undulata - fronds have beautiful wavy edges;
• marginatum - differs in narrowed, lobed fronds;
• cristatum - the edges of a solid frond are comb-shaped;
• crispa - a curly variety with a perforated edge and bright green leaves;
• Ramo Cristatum is a highly decorative variety with branched and strongly wavy foliage.

The plant is common in the expanses of Asia: from shady foothills to the shores of fresh water. lanceolate-belt-like, leathery leaves form a wide outlet. They grow strongly in breadth, exposing the central part of the outlet. The length of dense foliage is 20-40 cm.

reproduction

Leaflet can be propagated vegetatively or seed way. When transplanting, it is enough to cut off a part of the rhizome with growth buds. Its length should be at least 20 cm. The procedure is best done in early spring, until young fronds begin to appear. The place of the cut is sprinkled with crushed coal and placed in peat-sandy soil. The pot is covered with a film and left in a cool, bright place.

In the same way, healthy fern leaves can be rooted. It is important to maintain high humidity air and periodically spray the soil with a spray bottle. The rooting process is quite difficult and can take almost a year. Not all segments root.

Seed propagation is considered more efficient. Spores mature in large volume and retain high germination for 5-8 years. For planting prepare flat wide containers with peat. They try to spread the spores evenly over the surface; it is not necessary to sprinkle them with earth. The bowl is covered with a film or glass and put in a warm, bright place. Every day, the earth is ventilated for 15-30 minutes and, if necessary, sprayed with water.

After 2-5 weeks, the surface of the soil will be covered with dense greenery of young shoots. The grown seedlings dive into small pots, in which peat, heather earth and sand are equally mixed. After 2-3 weeks, the pick is repeated. Seedlings are actively developing and by the end of the first year they look like an adult plant.

Care rules

Leaflet requires more careful care at home, but rewards for efforts with bright and very beautiful shoots. Optimal location for him there will be a shaded and humid area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe garden. At indoor cultivation it is worth choosing a cool room with diffused lighting. In excessively bright light, the foliage of the leaflet becomes yellowish, which reduces its attractiveness. The fern can be placed in the darkest areas where other flowers feel uncomfortable.

The leaflet needs regular airing and access fresh air. Optimum temperature is +20…+22 °C. The plant is not afraid of drafts and night cooling, but the summer heat is a real test of endurance. In winter, for indoor specimens, it is necessary to create a cooler atmosphere (+ 12 ... + 15 ° C). garden plants can winter with shelter, bright foliage they don't drop.

The leaflet needs regular watering. The soil should not dry out, but stagnant water is also undesirable. It is better to water the fern daily or every other day in small portions. It is useful to often spray the fronds, as well as place bowls with wet pebbles or expanded clay nearby. A neighborhood with a small pond or fountain is welcome. In dry air, the leaves may dry out a little. As a resuscitation, you can periodically bathe the fern under a weak warm shower.

Usually the leaflet gets everything it needs from the soil. Fertilizers are applied only to depleted lands. Once a month from May to September, half the dose of the mineral complex for deciduous plants is added to the water for irrigation.

Every 2-3 years the leaflet needs to be transplanted, and every 8 years it needs rejuvenation and division of the bush. For this use ready substrate for ferns. You can also make a mixture yourself from the following components:

• leafy soil (2 parts);
• river sand (1 part);
• chopped bark (1 part).

at the bottom of the hole or flower pot spread thick drainage layer. The rhizome is placed on the surface without deepening the apical buds.

Possible difficulties in care

• the leaves turn yellow at the leaflet - the air is too hot and dry;
• the color of the leaves becomes faded - a long stay in direct sunlight;
• growth retardation or cessation - overflow, possible rotting of the rhizome.

Usage

The leaflet looks spectacular on rocky areas and under dense thickets of trees. You can plant a fern near coniferous thickets or along the shore of a small reservoir. Decorative tufts of leaves brighten up the space and blend well with other ferns. A composition of several decorative varieties in a wide pot or in a flower bed will be a real masterpiece.

A beautiful plant native to the Mediterranean, the centipede leaf fern, fell in love not only with gardeners, but also with lovers of indoor flowers. Being a perennial, leafy wild nature chooses completely unexpected places for growth - rock crevices or scree rocks. The fern grows well both in the garden and at home, delighting the eye with the beauty of its green and juicy foliage at any time of the year. This plant is considered the most decorative of all species (of its kind) precisely because of the unusual leaves.

Skolopendrovy leaflet - herbaceous perennial evergreen of the Kostentsov family, has amazingly beautiful belt-shaped leaves up to 60 cm long, which are located on short petioles. The rhizome of the plant is straight and short, a funnel-shaped rosette emerges from it with a bunch of leaves called fronds. The leaves differ in an unusual pattern in the form of brown transverse stripes, due to which they resemble feathers. Young leaves appear in early spring. They look like snail shells because of the twisted top.

plant species

At least ten species of amazing ferns are known to grow beautifully both in the garden and in room conditions, differing from each other in the structure of the leaves.

The most popular of them:

• Japanese leaflet is a species common in Japan. In Russia, it lives on the Kuril Islands, in Primorye and on Sakhalin. It is noteworthy that each frond has its own direction, which makes the plant chaotic and peculiar. The leaves of this species are long and smooth, dark green in color;

• crisp leaflet - garden view with bright green leaves with beautiful tufts;

• common leaflet (scolopendra) - the most common type. Under natural conditions, it grows in mountainous areas. We can grow both at home and in the garden;

• the undulata leaf is distinguished by a wavy leaf blade. It is great for landscape design.

Fern leaflet: reproduction

Reproduction occurs by division or planting spores:

1. In the first way, the fern is propagated in the spring during transplantation, separating a part of the rhizome with growth buds from an adult plant and placing it in a separate pot with specially prepared soil for rooting.
2. The second method can be carried out in the fall, after collecting the spores.

Home care

The plant requires careful care:

• fern does not tolerate bright light. It is best to place it in the back of the room or on the north window;
• in summer the air temperature should not exceed +20 - +25 degrees, and in winter the flower is at rest, so the temperature is reduced to +12 - +15;
• watered leaflet all year round quite plentiful, but do not allow stagnation of moisture in the pot. Watering is carried out with settled water;
• fern needs wet air especially during hot weather. And he also loves warm shower. A flower pot is best placed near a source of moisture - an aquarium or indoor fountain;
• feed the plant carefully and not very often - once a month complex fertilizer for indoor flowers.

Video: Plant diversity

Listovnik (Phyllitis) - fern with a short, straight rhizome, covered with films, the leaves are collected in a bunch. It differs from numerous representatives of the family by whole or slightly lobed, leathery, wintering leaves.

The leaves are 4-5 cm wide, 20 to 40 cm long, favorable conditions up to 50 cm, and in exceptional cases even more. Growing up, they form an extremely interesting bush. And although the leaves are evergreen, frost can harm them, and therefore it is better to cover the plants for the winter. New leaves appear in early summer. Sori are located in pairs on the underside of the leaf and are covered with a membranous coverlet that protects them until ripening.

The name comes from Greek word"phyllon" - leaf, which indicates the originality of its leaves, having only hints of pinnate, fronds have almost a whole plate. From the creeping shoot grow leathery lanceolate whole leaves with a kidney-shaped base on short scaly petioles. All this makes the plant look like a tongue, it is called “deer tongue”.

Genus counts up to 10 fern species common in the Northern Hemisphere. In Russian floriculture, 1 type is used:

Scolopendra leaflet (Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) newm. = Asplenium scolopendrium L. = Scolopendrium vulgare Sm.) - mountain view, common in Eurasia in areas with a Mediterranean and humid climate. In the wild, it is found in the forests of the Caucasus, the Carpathians, southern Europe, Asia and North America. Grows on calcareous rocks and screes, in moist, shady forests, often on fine humus accumulating in rocky crevices. Occurs from hills to mountains. Hemicryptophyte.

Perennial fern up to 60 (15-30) cm tall, with a thick rhizome densely covered with scales. The leaf blade is entire, belt-like, 3-7 cm wide, with almost parallel, sometimes wavy edges, an acute or blunt apex, and a heart-shaped base. The petiole is three times shorter than the blade, covered with green or brown scales in the form of short hairs. Sori are arranged in pairs along the entire leaf. Spores ripen in the second half of summer.

It is especially attractive decorative forms: with a wavy leaf blade - f. undulata; f. marginatum - with narrow fronds having a wavy edge or they are divided into lobes; f. cristatum - the leaf blade is mostly entire and smooth, and only the apex is comb-shaped along the edge; also interesting: capitate (f. capitaturn); curly (f. crispum) and discontinuous (f. laceratum); f. ramosum- leaf blades forked branched; f. ramo-cristatrum - combines the branching of the plates with the fan tips of the leaf lobes.

Phyllitis, Leaflet. Fern from the humid mountain forests of Europe. Fern, common leaflet is the only one of its kind, which has wavy edges, tongue-shaped, light green, shiny leaves, forming a wide bush 20-40 cm high.

Types and varieties of leaflets

Leaf leaf (Phyllitis scolopendrium)

In the wild, it is distributed in the humid mountain forests of Europe, Asia and eastern North America. This is a one-of-a-kind fern that has wavy edges, tongue-shaped, light green, shiny leaves, forming a wide bush 20-40 cm high.

leaflet care

Listovnik does not tolerate dry sunny areas. It should be planted in shaded, cool places on loose, moist soils fertilized with humus. Plants respond well to composting and spraying with water in dry weather.

leaflet reproduction

The leaflet is propagated by cuttings in the spring and transplantation of young plants formed from spores. Landing distance 50-60 cm.