The minimum diameter of the sewer pipe. Installation of new pipes. Wall mount washbasin
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Since the connection of the washbasin to the sewer can be done by hand, there is no need to involve specialists in this work. But in the absence of skills in the installation of plumbing and uncertainty in their abilities, you can use the services of professionals. The sink should be installed at the end of the repair. Mounting technology kitchen sink and the washbasin in the bathroom is similar.
Preparing to connect the sink
Determining the installation height of a plumbing fixture. Sink not equipped additional accessories, located at a height of 850 millimeters. At this level, a horizontal line is drawn - it will be the guideline for the installation of the washbasin. The top surface of the plumbing fixture must match it.If there is a support leg or when the sink is installed in a nightstand, it is not necessary to determine the height of the plumbing fixture. This parameter depends on the size of the legs or cabinets.
Marking the mounting points on the wall. Before you mount the fastener system, you must make the appropriate markup on the wall. The bowl of the sink, in order to connect the sink to the sewer, has mounting holes.
The plumbing fixture is applied to the wall, as in the photo, its upper edge is aligned with the drawn line and the places where the holes for fasteners will be located are marked. This job is easiest to do with two people. One person must hold the washbasin near the marked line, and the second at this time will be able to mark the places for fasteners from below. If there is a leg or base cabinet, installation work simplified - the plumbing is placed on a support and the attachment points are marked on the wall.
Installation of sink fixtures
Perform this work in the following sequence:- according to the markings, holes are drilled in the wall;
- dowels are hammered into them;
- then screw in special mounting studs.
When screwing the studs, you should pay attention to the depth of their installation, since it should allow you to hang the washbasin bowl and screw on the fixing nut. This means that the part of the stud protruding from the wall must be of such a length that it slightly exceeds the thickness of the shell and has an additional one and a half centimeters for tightening the nut.
Connecting the washbasin to the water supply
Mixer installation. When connecting the sink to the sewer in the bathroom or in the kitchen, you can install the faucet after attaching the plumbing fixture to the wall, but experts recommend doing this work before fixing the washbasin. The fact is that all connections to it and the fastening process are performed from below.Mixer installation works are carried out in the following sequence:
- depending on the type of mixer, one or two studs are screwed;
- install hoses that supply hot and cold water, and tighten them with an open end wrench. The tightening is carried out with moderate force very carefully, given that after installing the faucet on the sink, they can no longer be tightened tighter;
- according to the connection diagram of the washbasin, it is necessary to pass the hoses for supplying water through the holes in the sink;
- on the reverse side of the studs, sealing gum, a pressure washer and fixing nuts are put on, which are tightened with a wrench.
You should pay attention to how correctly the mixer spout is located - the product is installed at a right angle relative to the mounting wall or side of the sink adjacent to it.
Wall mount washbasin
The sink is fixed after the connection to the water supply is completed:- a sink with a mounted mixer is placed on mounting studs that are screwed into the wall;
- insert plastic inserts into place;
- finally tighten the nuts.
Connecting hoses to the plumbing system. A gasket is placed between the valve and the sealing nut. The nut does not need to be tightened too much, because rubber gasket usually seals well. It can be tightened after the test (after turning on the water supply). If a leak occurs at the connection, it will be necessary to additionally tighten the nut. See also: "".
Connecting the sink to the sewer
There is a procedure that determines how to connect the sink to the sewer. This work begins with the installation of the siphon. There is a nuance here:the presence in it of a hole designed for overflow protection indicates that this product must have a special pipe for overflow. Siphons are bottle-shaped and S-shaped.
For kitchen sinks, an S-shaped product should be used, since the bottle siphon is more prone to clogging and will need to be cleaned frequently.
The height of the sewer outlet under the washbasin and the kitchen sink differ:
- for a kitchen sink, this figure is 300-400 millimeters;
- the height of the sewer for the sink in the bathroom is 500-550 millimeters.
- the release of the siphon is inserted into it and fixed;
- a pipe is connected to it (corrugated or rigid at an angle);
- the fixed pipe is placed in the sewer drain. If diameter sewer pipe for the sink exceeds this parameter for the pipe from the siphon, then you will need to use a special adapter (sealing rubber cuff);
- check all connections for leaks.
A few important notes
Before you start connecting the sink, you need to take into account some of the nuances of the work:- to connect the kitchen sink to the sewer, it is not necessary to tighten all connections strongly, since in this case the rubber seals can be damaged;
- in the case when, when checking the quality of the connections between the pipe and the cuff, there is a leak, then it is necessary to remove the cuff, dry the surfaces to be reconnected well. Then the dry cuff is lubricated with a sealant and the connection is made again;
- to connect a double kitchen sink, you should purchase a special siphon that has access to two pipes.
Each home craftsman, subject to the installation rules, can connect a sink or sink for the kitchen with his own hands.
From quality sewer system depends on comfort in the house. To not be bad smell and water flow, it is necessary to take care of the tightness of the joints, make the slope correctly, select the diameter of the pipes. Reliable performance The system also depends on which pipes for draining the sewer are selected. Today, builders and plumbers prefer plastic for its lightness and durability.
The advantage of plastic pipes
30 years ago plastic pipes was not in sight. Internal sewer systems were made mainly of cast iron. The material does not rust for a long time, it is reliable, however, the installation of such pipes caused a lot of problems due to the large weight. Besides inner surface cast iron is rough, which leads to frequent blockages. It is also problematic to repair or dismantle them.
Cast iron has been replaced by pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene and polyethylene. The cost of plastic is relatively low, it is light in weight, plastic pipes are easy to cut, join, and dismantle.
- Polyethylene pipes (PE) are characterized by an operating temperature of 40-50 °C.
- Polypropylene pipes (PP) withstand temperatures up to 95 °C, working temperature is 65 °C, durable, elastic.
- PVC pipes have a working temperature of 45 ° C, they differ high rigidity, easy to bend and connect with other elements.
Thus, where there is a hot drain, it is better to install PP pipes, and PVC is quite suitable for cold drains. The advantages of polypropylene are also that its price is lower than PVC.
Plastic drain has one drawback - noise during the passage of water. To reduce noise, pipes are fixed with clamps with rubber gaskets or sound-absorbing material is used.
Photo: Connecting a plastic pipe to cast iron Replacement of drain sewer pipes
The need for installation new system sewerage occurs when old pipes are rusted, scaled up on the inside or fittings are cracked and do not perform their functions. Often, installation is carried out if the layout of the apartment is changed, an extension is made in the house, plumbing fixtures are added.
- First you need to dismantle the old drain. Sometimes it takes more than one hour.
- They make measurements and calculations in order to know how many meters of pipes are required, what diameter to choose and what fittings to purchase.
- Buy PP or PVC pipes and connecting elements.
Before dismantling the drain, the room is completely freed from foreign objects and furniture that interferes with work. It is necessary to turn off the water, disconnect drain hoses, remove the bathroom, sink, toilet.
Photo: Scheme sewer drain Next, you need to calculate all the devices to which the drain will be connected (sink in the kitchen and bathroom, toilet, washing machine, shower cabin, etc.). Draw schematically the devices, as well as their connection, in order to understand how to properly install the pipes.
A drain pipe for a toilet bowl is taken with a diameter of 100 mm, and a pipe of 50 mm is sufficient for draining from other devices. This diameter will ensure stable operation of the system.
Installation will be much easier if all the details for arranging the sewer are from one manufacturer. Helps to ensure a tight joint silicone sealant so you have to buy it too.
Analysis of the old sewer
Repairs cannot be carried out without the appropriate tools. Check that you have in your arsenal:
- impact drill or hammer drill to chisel the floor, wall;
- hacksaw for cutting pipes or grinder;
- hammer and chisel for demolition old sewer and other ancillary work;
- wrench and screwdriver;
- laser level;
- tape measure and pencil;
- sealant squeezing gun.
Cast iron pipes located far from the riser are broken with a hammer and chisel. But pipes connected through a tee to the riser are disassembled with care. They are cut off, stepping back from the socket for more than 10 cm. The remaining piece is swayed in the socket and pulled out. If it is firmly seated, then you can make several cuts along the perimeter with a grinder. Helps to disconnect pipes chisel and hammer.
The socket in the riser is cleaned, a cuff is placed in it, the sealant is squeezed into the junction. Thus begins the installation of new communications.
Installation of new pipes
The task of the sewer system is to collect wastewater together and lead them to one common pipe connected to the riser. For this, lay main pipe, to which, with the help of tees, all plumbing fixtures are connected.
When draining, the slope of the pipes should be taken into account so that the wastewater goes into the riser without delay. You can ensure compliance with the slope if you make markings on the wall. First determine the horizon line using the level. The line should run in the center of the hole in the riser. Then they raise the points where the toilet bowl, bathroom and other devices are connected to the required height.
Required slopes and diameters of pipes for draining
| device | bias | Distance between central drain and siphon without ventilation, cm | Pipe diameter for drain systems, mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bath | 1:30 | 100-130 | 40 |
| Shower | 1:48 | 150-170 | 40 |
| Toilet | 1:20 | up to 600 | 100 |
| Sink | 1:12 | 0-80 | 40 |
| Bidet | 1:20 | 70-100 | 30-40 |
| Washing | 1:36 | 130-150 | 30-40 |
| Bath, sink, shower (combined drain) | 1:48 | 170-230 | 50 |
| central riser | 100 | ||
| Branches from this riser | 65-75 |
To connect a wide pipe from the toilet to the main branch, the installation of adapters with an angle of rotation of 45 ° is required. If a turn is required on the way to the connection, then the turn angle should also be 45° so that the system does not clog.
In hard-to-reach places, it is convenient to connect the toilet to the sewer through a corrugated cuff. It bends at any angle and stretches in length.
First, short structures are assembled, then they are mounted in one common highway. Inside an apartment or house, sewer pipes are installed without welding, inserting them into one another without distortions and until they stop. A sealant is used to ensure a secure connection. It is applied to the joints, and only after that the pipes are installed.
When the installation is completed, the drain is checked by opening all the taps. If you correctly calculate the scheme and make hermetically sealed connections, then the new sewer system will last for decades.
To connect the sink to the sewer, it is not necessary to seek help from specialists, since the work can be done by hand, following simple instructions and recommendations. The help of a plumber may be required in situations where there is practically no experience in carrying out similar work.
As a rule, the connection of plumbing fixtures should be made at the last stage of the repair. The rules for installing sinks in the bathroom or sinks in the kitchen are no different, so let's pay attention to the general points.
Connecting the sink to the sewer
At what height should the sink be installed?
A conventional sanitary fixture in the form of a sink without auxiliary accessories should be fixed at a height of about 85 cm. At a certain level, it is required to draw a horizontal line corresponding to the level upper limit plumbing fixture.
If a base piece is foreseen, or if the sink is in a vanity unit, it is not necessary to determine the height of the installation, as it depends on the level of the base piece or the height of the vanity unit.
Features of marking fixation points on the wall
Before mounting the fasteners, you need to mark the points on the wall according to a special scheme. In the cavity of the sink there are holes for fasteners, which must match the markings. The sink is applied to the wall, aligning its upper border with the line that was previously marked on the wall. Thus, the location of future mounting recesses in the wall is determined. Workflows are best done together, as it is much more convenient. During the marking process, one worker will hold the sink at the level of the mark, and the second will fix the bottom of the places where it is planned to mount.
Installation is greatly simplified if there is a support leg or a cabinet. In this case, the sink will be placed on a support, after which the fixation points are marked.
Mounting installation
Installation fasteners should be done like this:
- holes in the wall must be made according to a clear markup;
- dowels are driven into them;
- special studs are screwed for fastening.
In the process of connecting the sink in the bathroom and in the kitchen, the use of dowels and special studs is implied. You may also need the nuts and plastic inserts supplied with the plumbing fixture.
Installing an air break on a sink drain pipe When screwing the studs, you need to monitor the depth of the entry. Sufficient is the depth at which you can hang the sink and screw the nut. In other words, the stud should protrude from the wall by the thickness of the device plus one and a half centimeters for the nut.
Installing the faucet and connecting to the water supply
When performing work in the bathroom or in the kitchen, the installation of the faucet can also be carried out on a sink attached to the wall, only this process must be carried out in a certain sequence and before the sink is fully fixed. This is due to the fact that all work on connecting and fixing is done from below.
The mixer should be mounted in the following sequence:
- a fixing pin is screwed into it, depending on the variety, there may be two;
- for the purpose of supplying cold and hot water hoses are installed, which are tightened with an open-end wrench. It is important to correctly calculate the force so that after installing the mixer on the plumbing fixture, you do not have to tighten it again;
- based on the connection diagram of the sink, you will need to run hoses for the water supply, which will be supplied to the holes in the sink;
- from reverse side a rubber seal and a pressure washer are put on the mounting studs. With the help of such elements, an easy fixation of the fastening nut is carried out;
- nuts are tightened with a wrench for fastening.
installation of a sink and connection of a drain pipe to the sewer Much attention needs to be paid correct location spout of the mixer, while the device itself must be installed at an even angle with respect to the wall to which the sink is attached.
Features of mounting the sink on the wall
After connecting the sink to the water supply, they proceed to the process of fixing it, while the work will be carried out in the following sequence:
- a sink with a mixer is put on the fastening studs, which were previously screwed into the wall;
- if necessary, insert plastic inserts;
- mounting nuts are tightened.
If it is planned to install a sink with a stand or cabinet, then you need to start with the installation of supporting elements.
How to connect water hoses to the plumbing system?
First you need to install special gasket between the valve and the sealing nut, but the nut does not need to be tightened too much. Due to the use of a rubber gasket, a good seal is provided, while it is possible to tighten the nut after testing with the inclusion of water.
If a leak occurs, then tighten the nut at the junction more tightly.
How to connect the sink to the sewer system?
After finishing work on bringing the sink to the water supply, you can connect the washbasin to the sewer, and other plumbing fixtures will be connected in the same way.
connecting a double sink to one drain First you need to install a siphon. It is important to pay attention to the presence of a special hole in the plumbing device, which is used to protect against water overflow. If there is this hole, you need to choose the siphon that is equipped with an additional drainage system.
Most often on sale you can find a bottle-type siphon or in the form English letter S. If you want to install a sink in the kitchen, then it is more expedient to use the second version of the product, since in the first case the likelihood of clogging the siphon increases.
To produce correct connection sinks to the sewer system, you need to perform a certain sequence of actions:
- first, the outlet of the siphon must be brought into the sink, which is subsequently securely fixed;
- then you need to screw the pipe to the siphon, it is better to choose a rigid product with an angle or a corrugated pipe;
- the screwed pipe should be inserted into sewer outlet. If the diameter of this outlet is larger than that of the pipe coming from the siphon, then it is more advisable to use an adapter called a sealing collar. Only after these actions can the pipes be fastened;
- at the end of the work, the connections must be checked for leakage.
How to determine a poor-quality siphon connection?
If the siphon is connected poorly, an unpleasant odor from the sink may be felt. It may also be observed high humidity pipes leading to the siphon, and the appearance of puddles under the sink.
When connecting the sink to the sewer system, experts do not recommend over-tightening the connections with a key, as this may damage sealing gasket from rubber.
connection of overflow and drain from the sink If during the process of checking the tightness between the pipe and rubber cuff a stream of water flows, then the second element must be removed and the connection area dried. Next, the dried cuff must be treated with a sealant and put in place.
If there is a need to connect two sinks at once, you need to get a siphon equipped with two pipes for drains.
Special remarks
Before connecting the sink to the sewer, you need to take into account some notes, namely:
- when connecting the sink in the kitchen to the sewer, you do not need to overtighten the connecting elements with a key. If this feature is not taken into account, the sealing rubber gasket may be damaged, then it will need to be changed and tightened again;
- when checking the tightness of the connection of the area between the pipe and the cuff, a trickle of water may leak. If this happens, then you need to remove the cuff and dry the surface of the connection area. Next, the dry cuff is lubricated with a sealant and the elements are reconnected;
- if you plan to connect two sinks to the sewer at once, then it is recommended to buy a special siphon equipped with two outlets for sewer pipes.
Fulfilling simple rules during the installation process, you can quickly and easily connect the sink to the sewer with your own hands without the help of a plumber. It is also easy to connect the water supply to the plumbing fixture.
Mistakes made during the installation process that can cause clogged pipes
- Pipes from sinks, sinks and other plumbing fixtures must be mounted on the connection at a right angle of 90 degrees. If two devices are mounted and drainage is provided towards each other, a blockage may occur in the tee of the pipe that goes directly to fan pipe. In this case, it is pointless to clean the pipes from the side of the sink or washbasin with a spiral or in a hydrodynamic way using a hose. When it comes to two sinks connected side by side, it is clear that the hose will pass from one sink to the second sink, while it will not be able to turn in the direction of the main drain pipe. One way or another, it will be quite difficult to clean the sewers.
- Another important mistake is to lead the drain pipe from the washbasin or sink too high in the bathroom. As a result, the process of draining wastewater into the sewer pipe becomes more difficult. Many decide to move the pipes and plumbing fixtures, which include bathtubs, sinks and sinks, to another place, which is not provided for by the project. If pipes are changed, the main problem may be that the outlet to the device will be rigidly tied to the outlet of the pipe to the riser, while the situation is very difficult to change. When connecting sinks and sinks, everything should be fine, since there is a certain height margin, taking into account the fact that plumbing fixtures are hung to a height of about 90 cm. But, despite this, many inexperienced installers may not take into account and not think over similar item. It is easier to make a mistake with the height in case of connecting a bathtub and a shower cabin. Often the drain is above the floor surface. It is difficult enough to lift a heavy bathtub on your own, so simple solution is the outlet of the drain pipe above the outlet of the siphon. Thus, the pipe is often laid without the necessary slope, which can also cause clogging of the sewer.
- It is often possible to encounter a problem in which pipes that are supposed to be attached to the wall from the outside do not fix correctly. Products can sag, counter slopes and other practically irreparable cases are also often formed. Of course, this does not affect the proper functioning of the sewer system in any way, but such a feature can cause blockages, due to which you will often have to clean the pipes.
If you are engaged in the construction of your house, or are planning to carry out overhaul in your apartment, then you will have to face the need and, of course, the selection of materials. In addition, you need to draw up a project in order to calculate the correct number of pipes. The main parameter that you need to correctly determine is the diameter of the sewer pipe, the slope, the number of corners and the way the pipes are joined to each other.
You can start with what should be the diameter of the sewer pipe? By generally accepted standards, a pipe with a diameter of 100 millimeters is used in the toilet, into it, and in the bathroom from 40 to 50 mm.
Sewer pipe diameters
The difference in pipe diameters is due to the features of plumbing fixtures. So, for example, in a toilet bowl, a large amount of water with particles of different fractions is formed in one flush. In this case, you need to use a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm. As for the bathroom, this plumbing fixture, a significant amount of water also accumulates, but at the same time, the diameter of the sewer pipe is required less. What is the reason? In this case, you need to remember the rule: the patency of the sewer pipe is always equal to the narrowest point in its design. Thus, we should pay attention to the size drain hole and everything will become clear.
In the specialized literature, there are examples and methods for calculating the diameter of a sewer pipe. The calculation can be too complicated, because you need to take into account the angle of docking with the riser and a large number of other factors. In addition, using SNiPs, you can clean out the maximum permeability at a certain diameter. To put it simply, the diameter of the sewer pipe should be:
To install a sewer in a house or apartment, it is enough to use a pipe with a diameter of 100 mm for the toilet.
Example:
With standard wiring in the apartment, a riser with a diameter of 100 mm passes through the toilet, a tee with a socket of 100 mm for the toilet comes out of it, and a branch with a diameter of 50 mm for the rest of the plumbing points. For example, washing machine, washbasin, bathtub or shower, sink in the kitchen, and dishwasher.
For a washbasin, bidet or urinal, as well as a sink in the kitchen, it is enough to use a 50 mm pipe;
Due to the gradual pollution of the main line, a 100 mm pipe is used for houses no more than five floors. In the case of multi-storey buildings, the pipe must have a diameter of at least 150 mm;
Some areas located in horizontal position, connecting several risers and going to the well, we select with a diameter of 200 mm;
Unlike cast iron pipes, deposits do not form on the surface of plastic pipes, so pipes with a diameter one step smaller can be used.
The whole variety of sewer pipes is not limited to the above values. On the market there are pipes with a diameter of 75, 90, 110, 160 and 300 mm. It is worth noting that it will be very difficult to pick up cuffs and fittings for such pipes, that it is best to refuse their use. Of course, there are exceptions where these pipes will become the only way out when organizing sewage.
The subtleties of sewerage
Starting the installation of a sewer pipe, you need to be able not only to choose the right diameter, but also take into account some of the nuances that allow you to create a high-quality and working system. So, in order for the sewer to fulfill its duties, it is necessary to take into account:
The sewer pipe, located horizontally, should not have a diameter larger than the riser into which water flows from it;
Horizontal connections are made using oblique tees. A right angle can only be used when docking with a riser;
In places where the sewer route turns, it is necessary to install windows for revision;
The sewer riser must be left open at the top so that air can freely enter the system;
The slope of a horizontally located pipe should be from 1 to 2 cm per meter;
If the slope is too large, then the water will create noise during the runoff, and the pipes will quickly become dirty, but if the slope is less than normal, then the water will not leave well;
It is impossible to allow the formation of counter-deviations. Sewerage is mounted so that the sockets are directed towards the water flow.
If you use the above tips, you will be able to correctly choose the diameter of the pipe for installing the sewer and in the future you will be able to use the system without problems.