How to manually prepare the surface for linear guides. Installation of rail guides on the machine. An example of installing a guide rail in the presence of an impact load on the machine, which places high demands on rigidity and accuracy
So we smoothly got to the third, final guide to creating a CNC machine. She will be saturated useful information about setting up electronics, machine control programs, and calibrating the machine.
Be patient - there will be a lot of letters!
Software
Since we will not be able to fully test the assembled controller without a computer with a customized machine control program, let's start with it. At this stage, no tools are needed, only a computer with an LPT port, hands and a head are needed.There are several programs for CNC control with the ability to download the control code, for example, Kcam, Desk CNC, Mach, Turbo CNC (under DOS), and even operating system optimized for CNC machine - Linux CNC.
My choice fell on Mach and in the article I will consider only this program. I will explain my choice and describe several advantages of this program.
Mach has been on the market for several years and has established itself as a very worthy solution for CNC machine control.
- Most people use the Mach 2/3 to control their home machine.
- Due to its popularity, there is quite a lot of information about this program on the Internet, possible problems and suggestions on how to fix them.
- Detailed manual in Russian
- Ability to install on the weak. I have a Mach 3 installed on a Celeron 733 with 256MB of RAM and everything works great.
- And most importantly - full compatibility with Windows XP, unlike, for example, Turbo CNC, which is sharpened for DOS, although TurboCNC is even less demanding on hardware.
I think this is more than enough to make you choose Mach_e, but no one forbids you to try other software. Perhaps it suits you better. I should also mention the fact that there is a Windows 7 compatibility driver. I tried this thing, but it didn’t work out very well. Perhaps due to system fatigue - it is already two years old and overgrown with all sorts of unnecessary garbage, and Mach is recommended to install on a fresh system and use this computer only to work with the machine. In general, everything seems to be working, but the motors regularly skip steps, while on a computer with XP the same version of Mach behaves remarkably.
Let's consider only the X-axis, and you yourself will adjust the rest according to the same principle. Parameter Steps per indicates how many steps it takes for your motor to make a full revolution. A standard stepper motor has a step equal to 1.8 degrees i.e. we divide 360 gr (full revolution) by 1.8 and get 200. Thus, we found that the engine in STEP mode rotates 360 gr in 200 steps. This number is written in the Steps per field. Accordingly, in the HALF STEP mode there will be not 200, but 2 times more - 400 steps. What to write in the Steps per, 200 or 400 field depends on what mode your controller is in. Later, when we connect to the machine and calibrate, we will change this parameter, but for now, set it to 200 or 400.
Velocity- is set maximum speed portal movement. I have 1000 for reliability, but when working, I reduce or increase it right on the go in the main Mac window. In general, it is recommended to enter a number here that is 20-40% less than the maximum possible that your engine is able to give out without skipping steps.
Paragraph Acceleration- acceleration. The value entered in this line, as well as the speed, depends on your engine and power supply. Too little acceleration will significantly increase the processing time of the figure complex shape and terrain, too high increases the risk of missing steps at the start. the engine will jerk off. In general, this parameter is set experimentally. From my experience 200-250 optimal value.
Step pulse and Dir pulse. From 1 to 5, but maybe more. In case your controller is not very well assembled and then stable operation is possible with a longer time interval.
I forgot to say that most likely every time you start Mach, the Reset button will flash. Click on it, otherwise it will not allow you to do anything.
Uff. Well, now let's try to download the control program, an example of which you can download at the end of the article. We press the button Load G-Code or go to the menu File/Load G-Code to whom it is more convenient and a window for opening the control program appears.
UE is a plain text file, in which the coordinates are written in a column. As you can see, there is a txt format in the list of supported file types, therefore it can be opened and edited with a regular notepad, like files with the nc, ncc, tap extension. You can also correct the G-code in the program itself by pressing the button Edit G Code.
We load the UE and see that the code has appeared in the left window, and the outline of the figure that we will cut out in the right window.
To start processing, it remains only to press the green button Cycle start, which is what we do. Numbers ran in the coordinate window, and a virtual spindle moved across the picture, which means that the processing process has successfully begun and our virtual (so far) machine has begun to process the part.
If for some reason you need to pause the machine, click Stop. To continue, press Cycle Start again and processing will continue from the same place. I was so interrupted several times during the rain, when it was necessary to turn off and cover the machine.
Changing the speed is carried out by the buttons "+" "-" in the column Feed Rate, and is initially equal to 100% of the speed set in Motor Tuning. Here you can also adjust the speed of movement of the portal under certain processing conditions. The speed is adjustable in a very wide range from 10 to 300%.
That's basically all about setting up Mach3, I hope I haven't forgotten anything. A little later, when we calibrate and run the machine, I will talk about some more necessary settings. And now take tea, coffee, a cigarette (whatever you like) and give yourself a moment of rest in order to start setting up the machine electronics with renewed vigor and a fresh head.
It is advisable to do this with the spindle installed. it is unlikely that you will be able to make an absolutely even spindle mount at home and also screw it evenly to the Z axis.
Let's say you now align the Z axis, and when you make a mount and install the spindle, you will be surprised how crooked it will be located there. The first thing to do is to fix the drill or cutter in the chuck. Now we translate the portal to any place of our working (coordinate) table and look with a square to see if we have 90 degrees between the table and the cutter. Depending on the design of the spindle mounting and the Z-axis itself, correct the position of the cutter, and having achieved the desired result, fix the spindle in this position.
Well, one more tweak - checking if your machine can draw a right angle when you order it to do so. Otherwise, you might end up with this.
For myself, I have deduced two ways how this can be checked and adjusted, I will describe both of them.
1 - This is the most versatile cutter - a 3 mm broken and reground drill. In the absence of other cutters, it is used for both roughing and finishing. A huge plus of this cutter is its cheapness, of the minuses: it is not possible to sharpen correctly, and a very limited resource. Literally a couple of small pictures, after which she starts burning the tree. Not much comes out of all this. good quality of the work performed, followed by mandatory refinement with sandpaper, and you will have to sand quite a lot.
2 - Straight double start cutter 3.175 and 2 mm. It is generally used to remove the rough layer of small workpieces, but if necessary, it can also be used as a finishing one.
3 - Conical cutters 3, 2, and 1.5 mm. Application: Cleaning. The diameter determines the quality and detail of the final result. With a 1.5 mm cutter, the quality will be better than with a 3 mm cutter, but the processing time will also increase noticeably. The use of conical cutters for finishing, practically does not require after itself additional processing sandpaper.
4 - Conical engraver. It is used for engraving, and the alloy from which it is made allows engraving, including on metal. Another application is the processing of very small parts, which the conical cutter does not allow.
5 - Direct engraver. Used for cutting or cutting. For example, you need to cut ... the letter "A" from a sheet of plywood 5 mm. Install a straight engraver in the spindle and here is a CNC jigsaw . I used it instead of a straight cutter when it broke. The quality of processing is quite normal, but periodically winds long chips around itself. You need to be alert.
All of the above cutters were with a 3.175 mm shank, and now heavy artillery.
6 - Straight and conical cutters 8 mm. Same application as 3 mm cutters, but for more large-scale works. The processing time is greatly reduced, but unfortunately they are not suitable for small workpieces.
All this is only a small part of the number of cutters that can be used in the CNC to perform various tasks. Beginners can not help but warn about the considerable cost of good cutters. For example, the above-described 8 mm HSS cutters cost about 700 rubles each. A carbide cutter is 2 times more expensive. So CNC toys cannot be put in a row with the cheapest hobby.
pics
I am posting for your judgment a few photos of what I managed to do in a couple of summer months.First trial pancake. Cutter number 1. Scary huh? And if the rest will be of the same quality)))
The first serious test for the machine. Dimensions 17 by 25 cm. Relief height 10 mm, elapsed time - 4 hours.
Like the next work, this one is made with the same cutter No. 1. As you can see, the result is quite tolerable.
And here the cutter became dull, and the tree began to burn.
I tried what a conical engraver is capable of.
My sister asked me to carve her dog. Roughing - cutter No. 2 3 mm, finishing cutter No. 3 3 mm. Relief 6 mm, processing time about 1.5 hours.
Tablets for the house. The relief is 10 mm, but already concave. this greatly reduces the processing time. Not the entire area is processed, but only the inscription. Processing time is about 2 hours, cutter No. 5 (direct engraver).
My attempt to make volume wooden photo. I made a mistake in pairing a person and a tree, but in general, it seems to me that it turned out well. Roughing - with a straight cutter 3 mm, finishing with a conical cutter 2 mm. The relief is 5 mm, but I don’t remember the processing time.
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To participate in the voting, register and enter the site with your username and password.Many industries today use machine tools of the milling and engraving group. Almost every woodworking enterprise, large furniture factory or a small private workshop for the manufacture of furniture, must be equipped with CNC milling centers.
Production owners, when choosing equipment, understand that it is quite difficult to choose and purchase a unit. Here it is necessary to take into account a lot of nuances that will help to avoid misunderstandings and problems during the operation of the equipment.
If you decide to buy a milling machine specific model, further tasks should be set for it, since with the equipment installed, most of the options will be difficult to configure, and sometimes impossible.
If you already know what design you need, you also need to select the appropriate components, in particular the support-guiding group of equipment. From precision this device and its geometric integrity directly depends on the quality of the products.
The type of guides is determined at the design stage of the machine and is displayed in the technical documentation attached to the equipment. All types of this equipment are mounted on a fixed unit of the machine, and moving parts move along them.
If the machine, as guides, provides profile rails, the convenience of their use lies in the fact that the seals, bearings, anthers, nipples in the design can be lubricated using a connected lubrication system.
Besides, profile rails, fixed on the frame, have special tracks in which the rolling elements are located. The load on the carriage moving along the rails with the moving elements of the machine is evenly distributed along the raceways, setting the contact profile of the ball and the rails in the form of an arc.
Choosing a milling and engraving machine with guides profile rails, you will receive equipment with no or low backlash. This guarantees high precision, increased load capacity, high wear resistance of the machine unit.
Some users note the rather high cost of such a machine. It's connected with higher quality this type of product, which, accordingly, positively affects the quality of the final product.
It is this type of guides that is used to produce machines that provide high-quality milling, working in extreme conditions.
Manufacturers of milling and engraving machines also produce designs in which the guides are polished shafts. This type components are relatively inexpensive, so models of such machines have become more affordable due to their low cost. The main condition for the durability and strength of the shaft is the material for manufacture. The most preferred is high-alloy steel. The product must go through the process induction hardening surfaces and special polishing.
Subject to these conditions polished shafts have perfect smooth surface, which ensures their movement with the least degree of friction. Properly carried out hardening ensures the durability of the structure in operation and strong wear resistance.
This type of guide is more reliable and easy to use. However increased load on the equipment leads to heating of the surface during friction, which means losses and a decrease in the resources of the assembly.
Grinding shafts are quite simple to install. For their fastening it is necessary Smooth surface on which they are attached in two places. Specialists working on this equipment note this method of fastening as one of its shortcomings. The fragility of the equipment and a high degree of backlash at the bushings are also noted.
The fastening of portal machines must be rigid in relation to the table surface. When processing the material, errors may occur due to the fact that the guides will bend along with the surface of the table due to the increased load.
Round profile guides are used in places with reduced movement activity. This is due to the lack of systems for internal lubrication, so this operation is performed manually.
polished shafts used in machine tools with a length of about 1 meter. This is due to the possible sagging of the structure, which will necessarily negatively affect the final result of production. When modeling the load on the shaft, it is also necessary to observe the ratio of the length of the component element to its diameter. This correspondence provides more precise linear movements.
In some models, moving carriages are mounted on cylindrical rails. This type of guide ensures that there is no deflection when the carriage moves. This function is associated with the use of a special mount that fixes the guide on the frame. The linear bushings, placed in an aluminum cylinder, are held by spring rings. The weight of the guides is quite low due to the use of aluminum. During operation, low friction losses are observed, and high processing accuracy with smooth movement is also noted.
Cylindrical rails rest on the frame along the entire length. Therefore, when using them, sagging is not observed, in addition, the load capacity increases. However, it should be noted that carriages mounted on this type of guides perceive loads directed in different sides unequally. This is due to the arrangement of linear bushings closed in contour. Practice proves that sometimes equipment mounted on cylindrical guides does not show high accuracy.
The design of the moving parts of the machine, installed on cylindrical rails, should position with high accuracy and provide the required quality. This type of guide can fulfill these requirements only under small loads, respectively, the load capacity will be low. Therefore, cylindrical guide equipment is used in the design of milling machines of a more simplified type, which are installed in workshops and in industries with small volumes of output.
I had to transport the machine from home to the workshop, all the alignment fell off, and I didn’t like the early result in leveling and installing the guides.
The essence of the method is simple, we stretch the strings along the installation surface of the rail, and fill it with some kind of fluid polymer, wait for hardening and install the rail. As a placeholder, the choice fell on epoxy resin, from the pluses, low shrinkage and availability, hardness can be adjusted by the amount of hardener. To tighten and align the strings, some equipment was needed. I used 0.8 mm electric-welded wire as strings. The number of strings for the 20th profile is 14-16 pieces. The rail was glued to a leveled surface, thereby removing voids between the surface and the rail. The horizontal alignment of the rails was controlled by means of a fishing line, although when stretching the strings, an equalizing side can be provided, made of thicker wire.
The result satisfies, subjectively 3+, in any case easier and more accurate than different kind pouring on the formwork, laying foil. The carriages move smoothly, the installation accuracy in all directions is not less than 0.1 mm. by 2500 mm., but most importantly, it was possible to get rid of wandering clockwise and counterclockwise along the axis of movement of the carriage, the deviation was within 0.3-0.4 mm. with a sidewall height of 400 mm. from the rail along the entire length of the guide i.e. 2500 mm., respectively, the diagonals between the sidewalls of the X axis did not differ at the beginning and end of the table.
For those who want to repeat this venture, the following recommendations:
The bed must be sufficiently rigid, because. we stretch each string under 30 kg., the yield strength of the electric wire will lie between 600-1000 MPa, i. 30-50 kg. mm. square. Accordingly, 14 stuns of 30 kg. we get about 420 kg. stretch. A flimsy design can lead.
We try to pretension the wire more evenly.
It was not possible to completely get rid of the vertical drop between the strings, it's okay, the most important thing is that the rail lies strictly along the strings.
It is not necessary to tighten the rail as much as possible on a leveled surface, in order to avoid punching through the polymer wire.
Observe TB, when retensioning the string shoots very well, it will not be superfluous to lay something at the beginning, in the middle and at the end.
We observe the gap between the string and the surface, the less is the better, the string should not touch the surface.
In general, there are already too many beeches, there are still many nuances.
The rest is in the photo.Wire fixation
Wire tension
Leveling
Pouring wire
Modern material processing and the manufacture of complex parts require the use of high-precision machine tools. High-precision equipment implies that the parts from which it is made are also high-tech and accurate. And each type of machine has its own requirements for these parts.
In order to achieve the required accuracy of processing an entire batch of products, it is necessary to ensure that all the necessary operations are accurately performed and that they are repeated many times without error. Such a task is successfully performed by machine tools with numerical control (CNC).
The movement of the workpiece, the processing tool and the associated structural elements of the machine provide guides.
Device
Most general description guide: it is a node that ensures the movement of the workpiece, tool and related elements along the desired path with a given accuracy.
Main parts guide — solid shaft or profile guide and moving parts moving along them carrying the working elements of the machine.
Constructive decisions guide, as well as ensuring movement along it is very varied and subject to execution specific tasks metalworking.
Hiwin Type Profile Rail Guide Device
Work principles
The guides of the CNC machine are fixed to such an extent reliably that even their minimal shifts during the operation of the equipment are excluded - under the influence of weight, movement or vibration of the working units.
In the process of processing workpieces along the guides, under the control of a given program, the functional units of the machine move without difficulty and are firmly fixed, ensuring the performance of the necessary work operations.
Used, depending on the method of moving the movable unit, guides sliding, rolling and combined which combine both rolling and sliding movement.
Sliding guides, in which the surface of the shaft is in direct contact with the sleeve moving along it, are subject to the action of significant friction forces, which significantly change in direction and strength during operation. The friction load wears out the guides. In addition, the operation of sliding guides is strongly affected by the difference between the friction force at rest and the friction force during movement.
At low speeds, due to this difference, the movement of work units occurs abruptly - for CNC machines this is unacceptable.
To reduce the effect of friction forces, anti-friction plastic linings are used, as well as a number of other ways to reduce these forces. Depending on how friction is reduced, sliding guides are divided into hydrostatic, hydrodynamic and aerostatic.
AT hydrostatic liquid (oil) lubrication is present at any sliding speed; accordingly, both the uniformity of movement and its high accuracy are ensured.
Such guides have two problematic points: it is difficult arranged system lubrication, as well as the need for special fixing devices to secure the displaced node in the desired position.
Hydrostatic guides are equipped with special oil pockets, into which the lubricant is supplied under pressure and flows out, creating an oil layer along the entire length of the contact surfaces. The layer thickness is adjustable.
Hydrodynamic effectively reduce friction due to the “floating” of the moving unit in oil, which fills the gaps between the lubrication grooves on the working surfaces of the guides when moving units move along them.
Hydrodynamic guides work well only at significant sliding speeds.
Problematic moments are acceleration, as well as braking of a moving part.
Aerodynamic work on an air cushion.
Structurally, they are similar to hydrostatic ones, they have pockets into which air is supplied under pressure.
Compared to oil, the air cushion can withstand less weight and dampens shocks and vibrations worse.
Air paths, as well as the gap between the surfaces to be separated, are easily clogged.
At the same time, unlike hydrostatic guides, aerostatic guides do not need additional fixation: immediately after the air supply is stopped, the movable part sits tightly on the shaft.
Rolling guides, in accordance with the shape of the bearings, are ball and roller. With comparable dimensions, roller bearings withstand a greater load. Structurally, they consist of a set of "rail-carriage", "linear bearing-shaft", "rail-rail with a flat separator".
Such guides have reduced friction values, provide precise movement and stop in the desired position, and at low speeds, movement along them does not lose smoothness. Lubrication of the rolling guides is also easy.
At the same time, they have a higher cost, dampen shocks worse and are more sensitive to pollution than sliding guides.
Combined guides combine sliding along one face with sliding along others. This type of guide is the most widespread and combines both advantages and disadvantages of rolling and sliding guides.
Classification, applications, advantages and disadvantages
The shape of the bearing shaft of the guides can be linear and circular; they are placed horizontally, vertically and obliquely. The guides are fixed either along the entire length, or only at the end sections.
According to the shaft profile, linear guides are subdivided
Cylindrical rails ( polished shaft). The section shape is a circle. polished shaft is the most budgetary and common guide, easy to handle and install: only the ends are fixed. The surface of such a shaft is hardened, its smoothness is almost perfect, the movement of bearing couplings on this surface occurs with very little friction.
However, where there are advantages, there are also disadvantages: ease of attachment is, at the same time, the absence of a rigid connection with the desktop and sagging in the event of a significant length and / or load.
The set "ball bearing-polished shaft" is notable for its low price. At the same time, the movable bushings small load capacity. As a rule, there is backlash, which increases with use. Service life under normal temperature conditions is 10,000 hours, but when heated working area is significantly reduced.
It has profiled straight grooves, raceways, along the entire length, designed for additional fastening of bushings moving along the shaft with the working units of the machine. At the same time, the backlash, in comparison with the polished shaft, is significantly reduced and, due to the more complex manufacturing technology, the price of such guides increases.
Guides with flat rectangular rails, as a rule, are profiled with slots for the rolling elements used.
So, ball profile guides provide precision movement, real straightness, load capacity. They have low backlash. They are wear-resistant. They are used for the acquisition of robotic lines, in machine tools and precision metalworking
At the same time, it is quite difficult to install such rails; high requirements for straightness and roughness. In terms of cost, due to the complexity of production, they are much less affordable than polished shafts.
Roller profile guides have flat raceways. Rollers are installed in the support modules. Even more load-bearing, stiffer and more durable than ball splines. Used in milling machines with a high load.
Prismatic dovetail guide
Prismatic guides with triangular rails and guides "dovetail" with a trapezoidal section are used where needed high strength connections, for example, in machine tools.
In particular, dovetail guides performed with the bed as a whole. The manufacture and repair of dovetails are complex procedures that require a lot of labor. However, they provide high-precision movement of moving elements.
Specifications
Due to their design, the guides provide only one degree of freedom when moving the movable unit along them.
By "type of activity" they must have high strength and wear resistance.
So basic materials for the manufacture of their supporting parts (shafts and rails) are:
gray cast iron. It is used in the manufacture of guides that are integral with the bed.
Steel. It is used for the manufacture of removable overhead guides. Hardened steels with high hardness (60-64HRC) are used, for example, grade 40X with HDTV hardening.
The manufacture of guides provides for their length, which provides full coverage of the frame or building up to the required dimensions.
Accuracy standards in the manufacture guides are standardized and make up 0.02mm tolerance with a length of 1 meter.
The permissible surface roughness and dimensions according to workload.
In particular, on small machines with a working field of 30x40 cm, the diameter of the guides should be 2.5 cm.
The area of the working field and the hardness of the material being processed also determine the required class of guides. So, with a working area of more than 0.7 m 2 with the processing of steel billets, only profile rails will be required. More a budget option polished shaft is unsuitable in this case.
For each specific area of work, according to the developed algorithms, a calculation is carried out that determines best option parameters of the machine guides.
To reduce the coefficient of friction, sliding pairs of "metal-plastic" are used, and fluoroplastic, teflon, torsite and similar materials serve as plastic nozzles.
To ensure the smooth movement of hydrostatic and combined guides, specialized "anti-jump" oils are used.
Installation
Correct and accurate installation of CNC machine guides is the key to its trouble-free operation.
Therefore, before starting this operation, all contamination is removed from the edges and plane of the base mounting surface, which must have a strictly horizontal, leveled location.
Consider double rail installation.
Choose, according to the marking applied to it, the main rail.
If the main rail is attached to the side edge of the base surface, it is carefully placed on the support surface and temporarily bolted in a position slightly pressed against the side edge.
In this case, the mark on the rail is aligned with the side base surface of the support. Mounting holes rails should not be offset relative to the base.
Then, the screws fixing the rail are tightened in order so that the rail is firmly pressed against the side support surface.
This eliminates the displacement in the horizontal plane.
After that, the set bolts (vertical) are tightened in order, from the middle to the ends of the rail. In this case, the required tightening torque is determined by a torque wrench.
If the main rail does not have clamp screws, which provide side mounting, it is installed using a vice.
The fastening bolts are temporarily tightened, and then, pressing the rail with a small vise against the base side edge in the places where the mounting bolts are located, these bolts are completely tightened with the prescribed force, moving from one end of the rail to the other.
In that case, if there is no base edge on the side of the main rail, its alignment in the horizontal plane is carried out using a sighting level, a digital indicator or a straightedge.
After correct installation main rail, an auxiliary rail is installed parallel to it.
At the same time, they use straightedge. It is placed parallel to the main guide; parallelism is determined by a digital indicator. After parallelism is achieved, the auxiliary rail bolts are finally fixed.
In addition, special ruler guides, as well as alignment of the position of the auxiliary rail using the carriages from the rail guide set.
To install the carriages, a table is placed on them and temporarily fixed with working bolts. Then the carriages are pressed from the side of the main rail to the side base surface of the table with fixing bolts and the table is installed. After that, the set bolts on the main and auxiliary side are fully tightened.
If carriages are used for correct installation auxiliary rail along the main one, then the table is placed on the carriages of the main rail, and the auxiliary is temporarily fixed.
The set bolts of the two carriages on the main rail and one of the two carriages on the auxiliary rail are fully tightened.
The bolts on the secondary rail are then fully tightened in order while temporarily securing the second carriage to the secondary rail.
In this case, the main rail serves as a guide, and the table with carriages serves as an indicator of parallelism.
For processing large workpieces guides are extended to the desired length by connecting several sections. Suppliers specifically stipulate this possibility.
Butt joint sections are marked in such a way as to ensure their consistent installation. In this case, the mounting bolts are located closer to the ends of the connected sections.
Sections along the entire length must be supported. Therefore, it may be necessary to build up the bed itself.
Extension sections go through the same installation procedures as the main ones.
Machining is one of the most detailed and diversely equipped industries. For CNC machines, there is wide selection accessories.
Correct selection of the optimal constructive solution and adjusted installation of CNC machine guides - reliable guarantee quality of metalworking on this machine.
This article is based on THK LM series rails, but the principles are the same for all types of profile rails and can be applied to any THK and Hiwin rail series, so installing HIWIN rails is no different from the process below.
Main guide marking and combined use
All rails installed in the same plane are marked with the same serial number. Of these rails, the main rail is marked KV after the serial number. The base surface of the carriage on the main rail is machined to the required precision, so that the surface can serve as the base table mounting surface. (see pic.)
Main LM Guide:
Auxiliary LM Guide
Guides of a normal accuracy class do not have a KV marking. Therefore, any of the rails with the same serial numbers can serve as the main rail.
In the guide, the base surface of the carriage is opposite the surface marked with the THK logo, and the base surface of the rail is marked with a line (see figure below).
If you need to change the base surface of the rail and carriage or rotate to reverse side grease nipple, please specify.
Serial number marking and combined use of rail and carriages
In order for the installation of rail guides to be possible and carried out correctly, pay attention to some important details. Rails and LM carriage(s) used together must have the same serial number. When removing the carriage from the rail and reinstalling the carriage, make sure that they are serial numbers match and the numbers point in the same direction.
Using connected rails
When ordering a long rail, the required length will be obtained by joining two or more rails. When connecting the rails, make sure that the connection marking shown in the figure is positioned correctly:
When two guides are arranged in parallel with connected rails, these guides are made in such a way that they are aligned axially symmetrically.
Installation procedure
An example of installing a guide rail in the presence of an impact load on the machine, which places high demands on rigidity and accuracy
Installation rail (Hiwin and other brands)
Carriage installation
This method saves time and ensures the straightness of the rail, and also avoids machining of the dowel pins, which significantly reduces the installation labor.