Local sewer systems. General scheme of the local sewerage device. Autonomy in everything

Land plots, entirely and across planted different kind agriculture, you can’t attract anyone outside the city. People want to get not only fresh air, but also peace and relaxation, and this can only be provided by a solid house and good local sewerage.

Rules for installing local sewage for a country house

It should not only create comfortable living conditions for you, but also not interfere with your neighbors and not pollute the environment.

• According to sanitary standards, the distance to the residential building must be at least 5 meters;
• pipes from which water will be discharged must be located at least 50 meters from sources drinking water, 30m - from reservoirs, 5m from roads and 3m from trees;
• tightness is the main characteristic that should be inherent in all structural elements.

Pros and cons of different wastewater treatment systems

There is far more than one system that can be built in one way or another, but the choice must take into account the strengths and weak sides each so as not to run into problems in the future.

• Cesspool pit. It must be designed in such a way as to pump out sewage about once every six months. It is necessary to calculate its size from the number of people, so
  taking into account that one produces approximately 3-4 m 3 of waste per month, and according to the time of residence in this house per year. This design is very cheap, but will need to be cleaned regularly and can be annoyed by unpleasant odors;
• Septic. It can be called improved cesspool, where there are several chambers in which waste is processed. It depends on the type of soil and water level. Although the result is more processed effluents, but pumping them out with special equipment still have to;
• Stations biological treatment. This design is hermetic and does not require human intervention, only to discharge the sludge and water formed during the processing. The most environmentally friendly and easy-to-manage device.

Features of modern local sewage treatment facilities

Local treatment sewerage (VOS) was created to clean Wastewater in closed loop without the use of any additional chemicals, calling a sewage truck and any effort on your part. This is the so-called discontinuous principle and the SBR reactor (Sequencing Batch Reactor) provides all processes (aeration, mixing, pumping out excess sludge). As a result, wastewater is cleaned up to 98%, which is the highest indicator.

One of the first-class devices among local sewers in a private house is the AK-47.

She was created from modern material- polyethylene low pressure method of "Rotational Molding" and has a one-piece cast body. The cost of its production has been reduced due to the automation of the main technological processes. And in addition to the final reduced cost of the system, less weight was additionally obtained, increased strength and ease of installation. It is absolutely hermetic and does not let in any leaks or smells. During operation, the body does not corrode and does not deform even if soil movements occur.

Additional benefits local sewerage for giving AK-47:

• it economically consumes electricity for its work;
• functions smoothly in the conditions of the tropics and the far north, while being installed in any soil, even in clay and quicksand;
• brings the quality of wastewater treatment to a maximum of 98%, eventually forming sludge that does not require any additional treatment from you;
• construction of any additional structures and regular call of specialists will not be required;
• you have the option to install a special panel inside country house, which will signal the maximum water level in the device, you can also connect the SMS informing service;
• even people without special training can operate the device.

The device is designed in three versions, designed for a different number of users. Choose the one that suits your needs. She will be able to cope with the daily load, and with the increased one, if, for example, guests rushed to you. The entire treatment cycle will take place in 30 minutes, then 30% of the liquid will be pumped out to continue normal operation.

The price of local sewerage for a country house AK-47

"Arsenal AK" offers three models of local sewage treatment for a country house for different quantity users:

For 4-7 persons cost 47,747 rubles;

For 8-16 people cost 77,747 rubles;

For 16-32 people cost 127,747 rubles.

Where to buy a local sewer for a summer residence?

The company "Arsenal AK" is a manufacturer and distributor in our country of local sewerage for giving AK4-7. In many regions there are official representative offices of the company, and you can contact the nearest one. Use our phones or special form on our website.

Whichever model you choose, you can always be sure of its quality work. Installation can be carried out independently, or you can seek advice and call specialists to your site at any representative office of our company.

IN modern world the most different technologies that can significantly improve people's lives. One such system is various local treatment facilities. Similar devices and units are designed for wastewater treatment sewage water. They are simply indispensable country houses. In this article, we will talk about such a system as a local sewage treatment system and what devices are used in it.

Very often, from public utilities workers, you can hear such an abbreviation as VOC. If in a simple way, then such devices are called local treatment facilities, they form the basis autonomous sewerage.

Note! Classical wastewater treatment plants operate on the principle of reducing the flow rate of wastewater. As a result of the drop in speed particulate matter settle to the bottom, and the rest of the sewage is subsequently removed using post-treatment devices.

In order for classical treatment facilities to cope with their task, it is necessary to choose the right volumes of containers into which wastewater will fall. According to certain calculations carried out by experts, one person consumes up to 200 liters of water per day. This means that the amount of "produced" wastewater is the same.

For a classic treatment system, it is necessary that the effluents settle for several days. Therefore, the containers must be large, and this is very difficult for private houses. That is why it is not used in autonomous sewer systems classic way wastewater treatment.

VOCs are intended for wastewater treatment from private houses, summer cottages or a small village. Where there is no way to connect to a centralized sewer system, the owners of suburban real estate are building standalone devices. These include the following buildings:

• septic tanks;
• aeration tanks;
• biofilters.

Note! Each of these structures has its own characteristics and the area of ​​​​the most effective use. But in addition to the VOCs themselves, filtering devices must be included in the autonomous sewage system. Only in this case it is possible to approach the level of wastewater treatment of 98–100%.

Very often, when talking about an autonomous sewage system, the owners of country houses recall such treatment facilities as septic tanks. Such devices are plastic (sometimes there are other materials, especially if the septic tank was made independently) container or several containers.

The choice of plastic as a material for tanks is determined by its positive characteristics:

• the ease of the resulting structure, which greatly facilitates transportation and installation;
• easily tolerates the impact of aggressive environments;
• does not give in to corrosion;
• has sufficient strength.

Inside each tank there are several sections, each of which performs its task. Some sections play the role of a sump, in others the wastewater is treated with the help of colonies of microorganisms, in the third - filtration, etc.

Septic tanks are most commonly found in on-site treatment plants for the home. Such popularity is explained by ease of operation and long service life (according to manufacturers, up to 50 years). At the same time, such devices can be either completely autonomous or dependent on electricity supplies.

Note! In most cases, to increase the degree of purification, septic tanks are additionally equipped with aeration or filtration fields. But there are models that are called deep biological treatment stations, which are able to independently clean wastewater to almost 100%.

Such devices are most often found in large treatment facilities that process wastewater from large enterprises or settlements. They are large tanks where water is mixed with activated sludge by supplying oxygen. If we are talking about autonomous systems of private houses, then here the aerotanks are more modest in size and are most often mounted in septic tanks or other VOCs.

Note! Quite often, aeration tanks are equipped with special traps. Such additional equipment helps to clean the drains from oil products, grease and other floating substances. Such traps, as a rule, equip aerotanks operating at large treatment facilities.

In addition to aerotanks and septic tanks, biofilters can be used in local treatment systems. Most often, they are part of the LOS. Biofilters are rarely used on their own. Such devices treat wastewater with the help of colonies of microorganisms.

Note! Bacteria in an aquatic environment saturated with oxygen or without access to air decompose all impurities in the drains. The result is water containing only simple substances that do not harm the environment.

Getting into the local sewage treatment plant, sewage flows successively go through several stages. As a result of each of them, the effluents are cleaned of certain pollutants.

Let's consider these stages based on the most common VOC, which are most often used in autonomous sewer systems - a septic tank. Getting into such a device, drains pass through:

• mechanical cleaning. At this stage, the effluents are freed from solid and large fractions. Most often this happens in tanks called a sump. Here, heavy and solid fractions precipitate. After the accumulation of a certain amount of sewage, they are pumped out with the help of fecal pump or sewer machine.
• Biological cleaning. This stage can be considered the most important. In special containers, cleaning takes place with the help of colonies of microorganisms. This process can take place without access to atmospheric oxygen. In this case, the septic tank does not need to be connected to the mains. If microorganisms living in an oxygen environment take part in the work, then compressors are used to supply air from the atmosphere. In this case, the septic tank is considered volatile.
• Post-cleaning. After passing through several chambers (sump and biological treatment sections), sewage is considered not completely treated. To remove the remnants of sewage from them, it is necessary to equip a post-treatment system. As a rule, aeration or filtration fields are used as such. In the first case, effluents are poured into special open fields rather big size, the work of microorganisms continues here, but already in the natural environment. To save space, a suburban autonomous cleaning system can be equipped with filtering devices. In this case, the drains from the septic tank fall into ditches or pits filled with rubble or other solid fillers with large fractions.

Note! If you use biological treatment plants on your site, then the principle of their operation is similar to a septic tank. The only significant difference is the absence of aeration or filtration fields.

Since septic tanks are most often used in autonomous treatment systems for a private house, you should familiarize yourself with the recommendations for their operation:

1. Wastewater treatment plants equipped with devices such as airlifts work more efficiently. With their help, activated sludge is not "thrown" out of the septic tank, but remains inside. As a result, cleaning is more efficient and does not require additional “reintroduction” of microorganism colonies.
2. The amount of activated sludge may be excessive. To prevent the septic tank from overflowing, it is better that it is equipped with an aerobic stabilizer.
3. Activated sludge itself is an excellent fertilizer for garden and garden plants. Therefore, you can save a lot by not calling the sewers, but by pumping yourself directly to the beds.
4. For cleaning to be effective, the death of microorganisms must not be allowed. To prevent this from happening, try not to “dump” various poisons, chemicals and aggressive substances into the autonomous sewage system. It is also not recommended to use detergents containing chlorine. This element is poisonous to most types of microorganisms used in septic tanks. In addition, do not flush the contents of the filters from washing vacuum cleaners into the toilet.
5. Since solid contaminants accumulate in the sump, they should not be allowed to enter the sewer. After all, this will increase your operating costs.
6. Periodically spend visual inspection septic tank. It is worth remembering that although such structures have a fairly simple device, they can sometimes break down.

Video

In the provided videos, you can get more information about the local wastewater treatment plant:

local sewerage - this is one of the systems that must be equipped with the arrangement of modern country houses. Its presence will ensure compliance with the requirements of hygiene and sanitation, and will also create additional comfortable conditions in the house.

The construction of a local sewage system can be entrusted to specialists, or you can do it yourself after studying special recommendations. The easiest option for local sewerage is buried metal caisson or drain hole. Read about the construction technology of such a structure in our article.

Building your own sewer

Preparatory stage

In order for the local sewerage for the house to be completed quickly and meet the requirements for objects of this kind, the following parameters must be determined:

1. where will the sewer collector be located;
2. which wastewater treatment system to choose;
3. what materials will be used in the construction of the facility;
4. How much necessary materials;
5. which of the performers must be hired to carry out the work.

Selecting a location for the storage tank

The device of a local sewage system should provide for the implementation of measures to prevent the ingress of contaminated effluents into the ground - the implementation of high-quality waterproofing. Overflow holes should be located opposite each other. Placed in the ceiling ventilation pipes equipped with rain caps. The large surface of liquid effluents contributes to their slow flow through the partitions.

At present, a more advanced autonomous local sewage system has appeared, which makes it possible to carry out high-quality wastewater treatment through the use of several treatment methods, for example, filtration and settling. excellent quality and high performance of such stations provided them with growing popularity among consumers. Bacteria are used to clean wastewater, filters, aerators and other special equipment are installed. The quality of wastewater treatment allows it to be used for watering plants.

As an example of local sewerage, Astra installations () can be mentioned. Depending on the model, this system processes up to 1600 liters of wastewater per day, retaining up to 98% of contaminants. Undoubtedly, local sewerage will make life in country house more comfortable and safer!

When designing a local sewage system for a country house, the following tasks are set:

• stable operation of the system at any time of the year;
• safety for residents of the house, neighbors;
• the absence of odors in the house and on the site.

Depending on financial capabilities, priorities may shift in favor of:

• the minimum cost of local sewerage at the construction stage;
• minimum budget for system maintenance.

Additional selection factors may include:

• degree of wastewater treatment;
• environmental safety of the system.

Below is an algorithm by which you can choose the optimal solution for yourself (or for the customer, if you are a contractor) taking into account the area of ​​​​the site, type of soil and construction budget.

Treatment facilities for local sewerage

The price of a local sewage system for a country house is determined by the choice of a solution responsible for the storage or processing of wastewater.

1. Drainage pit without a bottom - accumulates runoff and filters the liquid into the ground, leaving silt and inorganic debris at the bottom of the cesspool.
2. Sealed storage well - serves as a storage for feces, a sewage machine is called to pump them out.
3. Passive septic tank - a system of biological wastewater treatment, where conditions are created for the vital activity of aerobic bacteria that decompose organic matter. In the construction version, it consists of 2 or 3 concrete wells connected by overflows. The factory version (“tank”) is a plastic container divided into sections.
4. An active septic tank (local treatment plant) is a factory product in which, in order to speed up the processes of biological treatment, the liquid is forcibly aerated and moves between the chambers by airlifts.

Cesspool

The cesspool is unsafe for ground water, can lead to their poisoning and leave the inhabitants of a house or an entire village without drinking water. This solution is used for summer cottages, for country houses is used extremely rarely.

Sewer well with pumping

Sealed well with pumping in last years has become unreasonably expensive to maintain: with the price of an ilosos flight in the Moscow region from 5,000 rubles. at least 100,000 rubles will be spent on maintaining the well at the cottage, where 5 people permanently live, in 5 years. - this is more than the cost of a local treatment plant with installation.

A sewer well with pumping is preferable for a seasonal country house with a number of residents of 2-3 people and a volume of fecal effluent up to 10 m3 per season. Additionally, you will need to build a well with filtration for household wastewater.

Passive concrete septic tank or active local sewerage system

The device of a local sewerage system of a private house (excluding sewers and the assembly of the main line from the house to the treatment plant) will cost:

• about 55 000 r. for a concrete septic tank (the prices for delivery and installation of a two-chamber septic system from reinforced concrete rings in the Moscow region are taken)
• about 75 000 r. for a plastic septic tank (the cost of delivery and installation of a passive plastic septic tank is taken, including the cost of concreting and formwork)
• about 75 000 r. for an active system based on VOC (the price of a single-mode septic tank BioDeca-5 S-800 with installation supervision was taken)

To choose between a passive and active septic tank, you need to evaluate:

• stability of power supply at the site
• mode of use of the septic tank: year-round or seasonal
• type of underlying soil: clay or sand

A passive septic tank is not connected to the power supply and is preferred for areas with power outages. It will also be a more practical choice for a country house where people do not live permanently in winter. Even when it freezes, its receiving chamber can serve as a storage tank, that is, sewage can be used, for example, during the New Year holidays. The treatment plant must be mothballed before a break in operation, after which discharge into it is not possible until the new season.

In any country house to ensure comfortable conditions residence must have a sewer system. It can be an autonomous type of structure or an option connected to a centralized collector. In any case, this can be done independently, and if necessary, invite specialists, since the importance of these communications is very high. Especially when ensuring an autonomous existence.

The principle of sewerage using irrigation fields

Local or centralized

Before starting the construction of such an important structure as a sewer, it is necessary to decide on a design option that will provide further maintenance. Not every owner of a country house knows, but there are only two main types of systems that collect wastewater from the entire house:

• centralized;
• local.

Every city dweller faced the first option, since it is this type that is present in all settlements with a large population. But if the number of people living in a particular area is not large, then there may not be a central sewer to which you can connect the pipeline of your house. And here it is necessary to build a local version of this useful structure.

Here, a question may arise that the owners must decide before starting work: local sewage, what it is, what types exist and how it can be quickly and inexpensively built. It should be noted that all systems capable of independently collecting and cleaning waste can be called autonomous. In another way, these are local sewers that allow you to get rid of street toilets and allow the owners to use all the amenities of urban residents.

Options and varieties of local sewers

As soon as there is an understanding of what system needs to be built on your site, then you should proceed to the choice of the type of structure. The first thing to decide is the design of the future collector and wastewater purifier. What can you choose today? These options are the most common among users:

• cesspools;
• self-made septic tanks;
• plastic systems with a set of machinery and other equipment.

The simplest type of structure is a cesspool. In this case, wastewater treatment is carried out by simply settling solid elements that settle at the bottom of this structure. From time to time, the pit needs to be emptied by ordering a sewage truck. This version of the sewerage device may be relevant only for those who live in their home without all year round. Yes, and he does not have much equipment for everyday life.

The next type of local system is a septic tank, which everyone can make on their own. For this purpose, you can use concrete rings, bricks, plastic containers that are buried in the ground. The cleaning process in this system takes place in several stages. At the first stage, the accumulation of effluents is carried out, which gradually begin to lose heavy and large fragments of fecal pollution that settle at the bottom of the well. Further, the clarified liquid flows into the next tank, where further water purification takes place.

At this stage, bacteria can take over, which are specially populated in the tank. They gradually eat up organic impurities, thereby making the drains as clean as possible.

The final stage is filtration well or an aeration field. In both cases, crushed granite and sand are involved in the process, through which water gradually penetrates into the soil. If solid fragments of the contaminant are present in the fluid, they will remain among the gravel pack. The soil also participates in the cleaning process, completing it before water enters the aquifer.

The third type of structures are plastic septic tanks manufactured in factories. They are rather large tanks, which are divided into several compartments inside. In each of their departments, the same processes are carried out that were previously described for the structures built by the owners of country houses. The difference between ready-made treatment systems is the presence additional equipment providing high-quality treatment of incoming effluents.

What to choose

After it became known what a local sewage system is for a country house, the process of choosing the most convenient and efficient type of this structure begins. Therefore, it is worth comparing the possible costs of building and connecting the system to home appliances and the cost of subsequent maintenance.

The cheapest option for construction is certainly a cesspool. For its construction, you can use a metal container, concrete rings or ordinary bricks. The main thing is to make this tank completely sealed so that drains cannot get into open ground and thereby pollute it and the aquifer. But subsequent maintenance will require enough high costs, since it implies a regular order of a sewage truck, the call of which is quite expensive.

Ready-made structures, equipped with everything you need, have a high cost. At the same time, costs can increase even more if installation work will be handled by experts. And not all owners of suburban housing are able to cope on their own with the installation of a finished septic tank. The fact is that the installation technology plastic containers requires mandatory construction concrete slab at the lowest point of this septic tank. It is necessary to fix the entire structure to it so that during the heaving of the soil it simply does not jump out to the surface, damaging the existing pipelines. In addition, the process of backfilling sand after installation is also difficult. To do this, you need to evenly fill the tank with water and at the same time pour and compact the soil.

This is only possible for experienced workers. Otherwise, the container may be crumpled, which will require redoing the entire work.

For self-construction, a septic tank is most suitable from concrete rings or brick. Almost anyone can dig several pits and build two or three tanks, especially if he has a good assistant. The cost of purchasing the necessary materials will be somewhat less than when buying finished construction. But maintenance can be reduced if electricity is not used, which cannot be dispensed with. ready system. Aeration in concrete septic tanks will be carried out in a natural way, since each well and the aeration field itself is supplied with ventilation pipes.

Location

The easiest way to place a cesspool, as it consists of only one tank. The main rule in this case will be the placement of this structure at a distance of five meters from the house. Then you can move it closer to the road, but retreating from it by three meters. This will provide quick access to the tank for the sewer machine so that it can pump out maximum amount drains. It is important to remember that from the nearest well with drinking water the sump must be removed at a distance of 25 meters. This minimum value and if there is an opportunity to carry it much farther, then do not neglect it.

The second most difficult placement can be recognized as the installation of ready-made septic tanks. This circumstance is a way out of the fact that the entire cleaning complex is carried out in one container, divided into several compartments. This allows you to save space on the site, and at the same time simplify the placement of the entire system. The only thing that is added to this tank is an aeration field, which must also be removed from both the house and the source of drinking water.

But septic tanks made of concrete rings or bricks occupy the most free space. This is due to the fact that the collection and cleaning process takes place in separately located wells, which requires excavation for much greater territory. The situation can only be slightly improved by creating a filter well instead of an aeration field. But in any case, this structure must be removed from the source of drinking water at a distance of at least 25 meters.

A general recommendation for all types of structures is to avoid placement near growing trees. The powerful roots of these plants are capable of destroying any structure. And this can lead to untreated effluents entering the open ground. This circumstance will cause a real disaster, which will require huge costs for normalization and elimination.

Volume calculations

An important issue is the volume necessary for the free operation of this facility. It depends on the possibility of using all household appliances, as well as shower and bath installed in the house. All calculations depend on the number of people permanently residing in the house. This value is multiplied by the average amount of wastewater that one person can produce. Further, the resulting volume is multiplied by two, which makes it possible to obtain some margin so that the life process does not entail a more frequent order for a sewage truck than is required.

If several are built sewer wells, then the stock in volume will be even larger. This will eliminate unnecessary maintenance of the system, which will only add to the comfort of living. The resulting calculations will also help with the purchase. building materials. This is especially important when purchasing concrete rings. They are produced in different diameters and in order not to buy too large, it is worthwhile to properly calculate the number of future drains. The choice of ring diameter also depends on the depth of the well. A depth of three meters is considered optimal, which guarantees complete cleaning of the tank when pumping out with a special machine.

Autonomy in everything

The local sewerage device allows you to get maximum independence from any utility systems and organizations that may work intermittently. Such autonomy not only saves the money of the owners of country houses, but also does not deprive them of the comfort and convenience they received, which they made with such difficulty with their own hands.