Carnation blue and blue. Carnation perennial: types, varieties and cultivation. wild types of cloves

European-North Asian species, distributed in Russia mainly in the northern half of the European part, in Siberia and the Far East. Scattered in all central Russian regions. It grows in meadows, edges, in sparse forests. Can be found in the Moscow region in dry meadows and woodlands.

Perennial with creeping rhizome. Stems up to 60 cm high, often solitary, ascending. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute. The flowers are large, on long stalks, fragrant. The calyx is joint-leaved, cylindrical, 15-23 mm long and 4-5 mm in diameter, with lanceolate sharp teeth. There are four bracts, they are several times shorter than the calyx. Petals pink, purple or almost white, fringed-multipartite, with filiform lobes, a beard of hairs and a greenish spot at the base of the plate. Stamens ten. There are two columns. The fruit is a capsule, oblong, opening with four teeth, slightly longer than the calyx. Blooms in June-July; in October there is often a secondary bloom. In culture since 1593. Can grow in partial shade.

Seedlings bloom in the second year, forming a rosette of leaves up to 10-12 cm in diameter by the end of the first year. Mass flowering lasts almost a month in June, slightly capturing the beginning of July. It bears fruit in July - August, giving abundant self-sowing. After flowering, the bushes weaken and winter poorly, short-lived, blooms weaker every year. With mass cultivation, self-sowing hides this drawback, as a result, thickets exist for a long time and bloom profusely, due to constantly changing plants. If the plant is not allowed to bear fruit, by the third year the curtain almost completely disappears. For curbs, rocky hills and carpet plantings. Good for cutting.

It varies greatly. Japanese botanists have described several varieties (Ohwi, 1965). A white-flowered form was found on Shikotan ( f. albifloraTatewaki). On Sakhalin and the Kuriles there is a form that is more intensely colored than in Europe.

variety mix "Lush"- when sown in the ground blooms on next year, when sown for seedlings in March - April, it blooms in the year of sowing. Height up to 35 cm, diameter of flowers 3 cm. A mixture of white, pink and purple flowers. The petals are strongly dissected, some plants have colored spots at the throat and veins of the petals.

In SakhKNII since 1961, grows in an open place on the ridges. Blooms in early July, blooms for about two months. In early September, mature seeds appear. Secondary flowering may occur in October. Plants increased in height to an average of 50 cm (from 40 to 67). Flower diameter 4.1-5.3 cm, smaller than most plants in nature. Easily propagated by seeds. Seedlings of epicotyl type. When sown before winter shoots were observed in early May. Plants go green in the winter.

In hot water since 1960 (from Sakhalin), grows on a rocky hill. Blossoms in June-July (23.VII, 10.VII and even 19.VI), there is a tendency to an earlier start of flowering. Blooms for about a month. Seeds ripen in August. Growing, forms a curtain. Plant height 30-50 cm, flower diameter up to 4.3 cm.

Cultivated plant (Pagey, 1932; Bailey, 1947; Dictionary of Gardening, 1956). Wyman (1971) suggests cultivating as biennial plant. Sugawara (1937) recommends planting in pots and also notes it medicinal properties: used in folk medicine with gonorrhea, a decoction of the fruit - with diseases of the bladder, as a diuretic. According to the latest data, it is a strong uterine remedy that stimulates and increases the tone of the muscles of the uterus. It has a depressing effect on the central nervous system, intestinal motor function, has a spasmodic effect (Luzhinskiy, 1950; Zhelnovich et al., 1939 - see: Minaeva, 1970). Contains saponin. Essential oil for perfumery is obtained from fresh carnation flowers. Medonos (Vereshchagin et al., 1959).

An unpretentious frost- and winter-hardy plant that grows both on an ordinary garden agrobackground and on a lean substrate. A sunny location is required. good plant for rock gardens. Suitable for cutting.

AT steppe zone the Eastern European D. squarrasus occasionally occurs on the sands Bieb. - G. splayed, which has short, stiff, bent down leaves.

Photo left Natalia Kashperova
Photo on the right

Dianthus

Genus of perennial plants of the family clove , the genus includes about 300 species growing in Europe, North Africa, Asia. On the territory of the European part of Russia, mainly in its southern regions, there are about 20 species of carnations. AT middle lane In Russia there are 11 species.
General form carnation quite typical, therefore, once seeing cloves , it is easy to imagine characteristics plants of this genus.
Most of carnation — perennials , biennial and annual species are less common. Quite often some perennial carnations cultivated as annuals and biennials.
In company "YOUR FUTURE GARDEN" Future Garden You can purchase perennial carnations and their varieties :

CLOVE PIRATE OR HUNGARIAN:

Dianthus plumarius or Dianthus hungaricus

carnation pinnate is a perennial herbaceous plant, 25-30 cm
tall, forms beautiful, rather large clumps of bluish-green color.
Leaves carnation pinnate - silver-gray, oblong-linear, decumbent stems. The flowers are simple or double, the petals are fringed-cut along the edge, with pleasant aroma , up to 5 cm in diameter, solitary.

flowers carnation pinnate with dissected petals give the impression of lightness and grace. Color spectrum carnation pinnate quite diverse - from pure white to intense
purple, through all shades of pink and red.
Bloom carnation pinnate plentiful and long lasting. In June, flower-bearing shoots 20-30 cm long appear, flowering continues until August. Extending the flowering period carnation pinnate contributes to the timely removal of faded shoots.

carnation pinnate prefers well-lit areas with fertile, well-drained soil. Carnation pinnate hibernates without shelter.
carnation pinnate has a lot garden forms and cultivars, most of which are hybrids with grayish blue carnation and some other species.
carnation pinnate looks great in flower beds, in pots, in bouquets, suitable for planting in large and medium stony gardens, in sunny places.

In company "YOUR FUTURE GARDEN" Future Garden You can purchase CLOVE CIRCULA or HUNGARIAN (from 150 rubles per container 10*10 cm)

CLOVE GRAY - BLUE OR BLUE:

Dianthus gratianopolitanus or Dianthus caesius

- perennial, herbaceous
the plant, when growing, forms neat, gray-gray bumps or clearings 15–20 cm high.
one plant carnation grayish blue - this is a small bush, with erect, single peduncles with bright pink flowers (up to 2 cm in diameter).
Leaves carnation grayish blue - dove-gray, linear, 2-5 cm long and about 2 mm wide, hibernating.
flowering period carnation grayish blue depends on weather conditions, it usually begins in May - June and continues until the end of July.

breeds grayish blue carnation seeds or rooted cuttings. You can cut it in spring or autumn.
carnation greyish blue prefers open, sunny places, dry loose soil, with a moderate content nutrients. On heavy and wet soils grayish blue carnation quickly degenerates.
Due to the bluish color of the leaves and neat bushes, grayish blue carnation retains its decorative effect even after flowering. It has decorative, terry varieties.
Carnation grayish-blue, or gray looks great among the stones in rockeries, coniferous gardens and rock gardens. excellent plant for flower beds and rabatok (in the foreground), for container gardens.



In company "YOUR FUTURE GARDEN" Future Garden You can purchase CLOVE GRAY - BLUE or SIZE (from 100 rubles per container 10*10 cm)

CLOVE - GRASS:

Dianthus deltoides

Carnation - grass is a perennial, herbaceous plant
creeping,
branched stems growing from a thin creeping rhizome, which spreads over the surface of the earth and forms loose turf cushions.
Sometimes the taproot cloves - herbs it is very difficult to find, since carnation shoots tend to take root, and you can lift a whole ‘bush’ of stems carnations-grass , which spread in different directions, moving away from one root and forming a curtain up to 30 cm high.

Leaves cloves - herbs small, narrow, oppositely arranged, sitting in pairs on the stem, the leaves at the base grow together into a short tube - the sinus.

From the middle of summer cloves - herbs fragrant single flowers appear with cut edges of petals of various (white, bright red, burgundy, but most often pink) colors. flowers carnations-grass similar to small stars with five petals.
Carnation - grass - unpretentious plant, prefers light alkaline to neutral soil and open sunny position.
It has good winter hardiness.

Carnation - grass looks good in quality low curbs along garden path, it can also be successfully grown between tile paths, on scree. Sometimes it is also used as a plant that can fill the vertical gaps between the stones of the retaining wall.
At cloves - herbs many varieties:
Brilliancy- especially low plants 15 cm with raspberry flowers and early flowering; flash light- dark red flowers; Microchip- blooms especially abundantly almost all summer, crimson flowers with a bright eye.

In company "YOUR FUTURE GARDEN" Future Garden Youcan purchase CLOVE - HERB (from 100 rubles per container 10*10 cm)

Carnation is a beautiful perennial flowering plant, which belongs to the flowering department, dicotyledonous class, carnation order, carnation family, carnation genus ( Dianthus).

The Latin name for this genus of ornamental plants was given by Carl Linnaeus. He formed it from two Greek words: "δῖος", corresponding to the concept of "divine", and "anthos", denoting a flower. As a result, the name is translated as "divine flower" or "flower of Zeus" (Jupiter). The word "carnation" appeared in Russian vocabulary thanks to a free reading of the Polish definition of a plant (goździk), which was borrowed from the German language and meant a clove tree (Gewürznelken). It is with the spicy smell of its dried buds that the aroma of a flower is very similar.

Carnation - description, photo of a flower, characteristics

Despite the great species diversity, all carnation flowers included in the genus have similar features. Although for the most part cloves - perennial, most often it is cultivated as an annual or biennial.

The structure of the root system of cloves depends on the species. It can be taproot with deep germination of the central root, taproot branched or fibrous with roots to a depth of no more than 20 cm.

These plants are characterized by the simultaneous development of vegetative and flowering shoots with characteristic nodular thickenings. Carnation leaves are arranged oppositely on the stems and have a linear, linear-lanceolate or subulate shape. In old perennials, over time, lignification of the lower parts of the stems is observed, as a result of which it becomes like a semi-shrub. In the upper part, the shoots often branch. The height of the carnation ranges from 15 cm to 75 cm.

Usually, the plant is characterized by the presence of one carnation flower on the stem, which consists of 5 petals having a horizontal plate with a jagged or fringed outer edge and a long nail.

There are types of carnations in which several small flowers are collected in umbrella, paniculate or corymbose inflorescences.

In many carnations, the base of the plate is covered with fine hairs that form a kind of beard.

The color of carnation petals can be red, burgundy, white, pink, sometimes lavender.

There are varieties of carnations in which the petal plate is colored green, purple or orange.

In addition to plants with simple flowers, there is a carnation terry and semi-double.

The calyx, covered with several pairs of bracts, has a cylindrical or cylindrical-conical shape.

The fruit of the clove is a small elongated box with large quantity small flat oblong-rounded black seeds. After ripening, it opens at the top, and the clove seeds spill out onto the ground.

Types and varieties of carnations, names and photos

Almost all known species and artificially bred hybrid varieties carnations are grown as ornamental garden plants or intended for cutting. According to recent studies, the genus includes 338 varieties of flowers. The most common of the variety are the following types of carnations:

• Carnation needle-leaved (Dianthus acicularis )

perennial plant with a tap root system and numerous, horizontally creeping shoots. It forms cushion-shaped shrubs with vegetative shoots from 10 to 30 cm high. Under natural conditions, needle-leaved carnation grows only in the Southern Urals, in spacious steppes with numerous stony placers, as well as along the coast of rivers and streams, on slowly weathered limestone rocks. Rigid carnation leaves up to 30 mm long and about 1 mm wide have a narrow trihedral shape. Large, fragrant, five-petalled white carnation flowers with medium-dissected petal plates form paniculate-corymbose inflorescences. The formation of buds begins in the second half of May, and the flowering period of carnations begins in early June and lasts about 47 days. Many gardeners use this species for decorative design their plots. Among the few varieties of cloves, the most famous varieties are Badenia (Badenia) and Sooty.

Needle-leaved carnation (lat. Dianthus acicularis)

Grade Badeniya (Badenia)

• Carnation alpine ( Dianthus alpinus)

a perennial plant with a stem height of up to 20-25 cm, forming cushion bushes up to 0.5 m in diameter, grows on the ruins of limestone rocks of the Eastern Alps. This type of carnation is widespread in the highlands of Austria, Italy and Slovenia. The leaves are long, narrow, painted in gray-green color. Carnation flowers are quite large, red-purple, rose-lilac or crimson. The edges of the petal plate are cut with teeth, and its surface is slightly corrugated. Alpine carnation blooms during June-July, and under favorable growing conditions can re-bloom in mid-August. Can be used for both single and group landing on the Alpine rollercoaster, in rockeries or as lawn plant in home gardens and parks. Very loved by gardeners varieties: Albus, Nefertiti, Alpine pink.

Grade Albus (Albus)

• Carnation armeriform ( Dianthus armeria)

herbaceous plant with a height of pubescent stems from 10 to 50 cm. Under natural conditions, carnation grows on the edges of deciduous forests in the Scandinavian countries, in Ukraine and Belarus, Bulgaria, Romania, Russia and Moldova, North America. The elongated green leaves of the carnation have a back-curved lanceolate shape. Their length ranges from 20 to 106 mm. Carnation flowers, formed by five reddish-pink petals, covered with small white dots, can be either single or collected in umbrella inflorescences of 3 or 6 pieces. The flowering period of the carnation armeriform begins in June and ends in August. Often cultivated as an annual ornamental plant. It does not have pure varieties, but New York Evening, Caramelnaya, Zoryanka are popular among hybrids.

• Dianthus barbatus)

common garden frost-resistant biennial plant with straight knotted stems from 0.35 m to 0.75 m high and narrow lanceolate leaves of green, blue-green or reddish-green color. The natural habitat of the species includes groves, light deciduous forests, sandy river banks, low-lying meadows or rocky hillsides in Italy, Portugal, Turkey, Croatia, Greece and Slovenia, Spain and Serbia. This beautiful flower grows throughout European territory Russia, Stavropol and Krasnodar Territory and southern part Far East. Turkish carnation has a second name - " bearded carnation”, which arose due to the special structure of the bracts, covered along the edge with a kind of “cilia”. Fragrant, numerous carnation flowers of a simple or double structure, painted in various shades of white, pink, cream or red, form corymbose inflorescences, reaching 12 cm in diameter. Turkish carnation is cultivated not only for cutting, but also for landscaping park areas, household plots, city alleys, etc. The flowering period of carnation begins at the end of June and lasts more than a month. Most popular varieties Turkish cloves: Newport Pink, Pink Beauty, Scarlet Beauty, Holborn Glory, White Queen, Hollandia.

Grade Newport pink

Sort Holborn Glory

• Carnation Shabo ( Dianthus caryophyllus var. schabaud)

this is a bush garden carnation with a well-developed root system of the rod type, knotty stems from 0.3 to 0.6 m high and narrow, bluish-green leaves, the length of which can reach 12 cm. It does not have a natural distribution area, since it is a selection species. Carnation Shabo is cultivated in almost all countries of Europe, Asia and North Africa. Prefers fertile, well-drained, slightly calcareous soils. Large, fragrant, solitary carnation flowers are semi-double and double structure, can reach 4-7 cm in diameter. This variety of carnation features a wide range of petal colors that come in various shades of white, yellow, pink, red and cream. Petal plates of terry subspecies or varieties often have deeply dissected edges and a corrugated surface. The flowering period of carnation begins in early July and lasts until the onset of cold weather. Basically, the plant is cultivated for cutting, although it is often used for landscaping flower beds and borders in urban park areas. Based on this species, countless beautifully flowering hybrids have been bred. The most popular Shabo carnation hybrids: Jeanne Dionysus, La France, Pink Queen, Aurora, Marie Chabot, Fire King.

• Chinese carnation ( Dianthus chinensis)

perennial shrub plant with a height of knotted stems from 15 to 50 cm, narrow, long, sometimes twisted leaves. In vivo Chinese carnation grows in the endless stony steppe expanses of Northern China, Mongolia and Korea. As an ornamental plant used for solving design landscape projects, landscaping urban and park areas, it is common in almost all countries of the world. Singles large flowers carnations dyed pink, burgundy or White color, are of a simple or terry structure and have a rugged edge of the petal plate, as well as a characteristic edging along the edge of the petal. The flowering period of carnation begins in the first decade of June and continues until the end of July, capturing part of August. Such carnation varieties as Black and White Minstrels, Snezhana, Imperial, Telstar, Super Paifait, Marquise are very beautiful.

• gray carnation (Dianthus gratianopolitanus )

undersized perennial plant, with narrow linear or linear-lanceolate leaves of bluish-blue color and stem height no more than 25 cm. Under natural conditions gray carnation grows on rocky mountain slopes, along the edges of rocky ledges, as well as in coniferous forests Switzerland, Poland, Hungary, the Netherlands, Belgium and the Baltic countries. Simple or double fragrant carnation flowers form small inflorescences, located in pairs or triples at the ends of the peduncles. Flower petals are painted in soft pink, white or carmine. Due to the peculiar coloring of the leaves, this type of carnation does not lose its decorative properties even after the end of flowering, starting at the end of June and lasting about 7 weeks. Popular varieties blue carnations: Pink Blanca, La Bourbile, Microchip, Confetti, Flore Pleno.

Variety Firewitch

• Dianthus plumarius)

perennial herbaceous plant with a fibrous root system, upright, slightly branching, knotty stems up to 0.4 m high, with long, narrow linear green leaves. AT natural conditions this type of carnation grows on the limestone slopes of mountains or hills in Poland, Germany, Italy, Hungary, Spain, and southern Russia. Thanks to human activities, the species has taken root in other areas of the Eurasian continent and North America. Simple or fringed carnation flowers can be either solitary with a corolla diameter of about 3 cm, or form loose umbrella-type inflorescences. The color of the petals of carnation pinnate is usually pink, purple, white or red, and their surface is repeatedly dissected at half the height of the petal plate. Flowering begins in early June and lasts about 30 days. The carnation flower is widely used as an ornamental plant in the design of parks and flower beds. Among gardeners, clove feathery varieties Rainbow of Love, Sonata, Swarm of Butterflies, Highland Hybrids, Single Mixed, Spring Beauty are very popular.

• Carnation meadow ( Dianthus pratensis)

an annual or perennial plant with a developed tap root system, lanceolate leaves about 7 cm long and upright branching stems up to 40 cm high. wild nature meadow carnation flower grows in floodplain and water meadows, forest edges and clearings with sandy-gravel or gravel soil. The distribution range of the species includes the European part of Russia, western regions Central Asian republics, Romania, Moldova, and also Ukraine. carnation flowers small size, simple, solitary, sometimes arranged in pairs. Slightly corrugated petal plates with a jagged edge are painted in pink-purple, pale pink or red tones. The meadow carnation blooms for a long time, the flowering period takes a time period from June to mid-August. Unfortunately, this type of carnation has no varieties and is treated as wild.

• Carnation sand ( Dianthus arenarius)

perennial plant with a powerful root system and numerous basal, non-flowering shoots. The height of erect, slightly branched flowering stems of carnation does not exceed 30 cm. Fragrant fragrant flowers up to 3 cm in diameter have a simple structure. Leaf blades, painted white or pale pink, deeply dissected and appearance reminiscent of a lush fringe. This type of carnation is characterized by a long flowering period, which runs from the beginning of June to the first decade of September. Most often, the sand carnation plant is found in the countries of Central and of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus region, the European part of Russia and the Primorsky Territory in open forest clearings and edges with sandy soil. One of the most unpretentious and beautiful flowering varieties carnations - "Nostalgia".

Where and how does the carnation grow?

Almost all known types of carnations grow in the Mediterranean region of Europe, North Africa and Asia. Thanks to human activity, these flowers have spread to the territories of the North American continent, Japan and the Himalayas. In addition to flat species that prefer sandy soils and open to the sun places, there are many alpine plants that inhabit the steep mountain slopes.

Cloves - useful properties

Carnation is not only beautiful ornamental plant but is also widely used in medicine for the treatment various diseases. Chemical composition clove is a real storehouse of vitamins and microelements necessary for human life: potassium and sodium, iron and copper, zinc and magnesium, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, proteins, carbohydrates, as well as essential oils and tannins.

Preparations made from cloves can have a sedative, analgesic, hemostatic, and diaphoretic effect. When taken internally, they are used to stop uterine bleeding, treat diseases of the genitourinary system, and relieve headaches. External use of decoctions and tinctures of cloves allows you to get rid of dermatitis and inflammation of the mucous membranes, and essential oils Cloves help in the treatment of respiratory diseases.

Image- https://upload.wikimedia.org

Clove family ( Caryophyllaceae).

Motherland -Western and Central Europe.

This is perennial herbaceous plant 12-20 (30) cm high.Curtain width - 30-60 cm.Vegetative stems are weak, widely spreading or, more rarely, prostrate, very densely branched from the base, rooting, bluish-green or grayish-blue. Flowering stems are erect or ascending, thin, with a woody base, simple. Leaves 2.5-5 cm long, linear or linear-subulate, obtuse, almost flat, hard, glabrous, with rough edges. Stem leaves no more than 2.5 cm long.

Flowers solitary, occasionally paired at the tops of stems, very fragrant, 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter.flowers color pink, varieties also have red, hot pink, pale pink and white flowers. In the pharynx, the flowers are slightly bearded-hairy. The limb of the petals is 0.7-1.3 cm long, obovate, unequally toothed.

flowering with May to July or August(first cvegetates spring, followed by a short break and re-blooming in summer). In Russia it blooms in summer.Faded flowers must be removed to prolong the flowering of the plant as a whole (the plant will not waste energy on seeds). After flowering, the plants can be lightly trimmed, this helps to obtain a dense grass cover ("cushion") from the carnation.

Growing is pretty easy.

Image - http://soquelnursery.com

Prefers a sunny location.Plants prefer neutral or slightly alkaline soil.

Withstands high heathumidity, drought better than most other types of cloves.

Waterlogging of the soil or poor drainage (as well as its absence) can lead to rotting of the root system and the plant as a whole.

Image- http://www.pflanzenreich.com

It is necessary to remove in time not only faded flowers, but also dry or diseased shoots and leaves.

To maintain decorativeness, it is recommended to make mandatory hilling of plants immediately after flowering.

Frost resistance down to -40 °C (does not require shelter for the winter).

Image - http://www.prairieroseplants.com

Propagated by dividing curtains ("pillows") at first spring or autumn. Dig shallow planting holes. In heavy clay soil or sandy soil, add organic matter (compost or humus). Plant the plants, spill with water and mulch.By the way, a layer of mulch can help. reduce evaporation moisture from soil to hot or dry weather.When planting, remove part shoots and leaves, this will reduce the evaporation of water from the plant and load on the work of roots that have not yet taken root.

You can still breed grayish blue carnation seeds.

Known varieties:

- "Feuerhexe" (="Fire Witch");

- "Grandiflorus";

- "Tiny Rubies.

"Fire Witch":