Transplantation of coniferous trees from the forest. Planting fir in the spring on the site. How to choose a location for fir

We sowed or planted most of the plants in the spring and it seems that in the middle of summer we can already relax. But experienced gardeners know that July is the time of planting vegetables for a late harvest and the possibility of longer storage. This also applies to potatoes. Early summer potato harvest is best used quickly, it is not suitable for long-term storage. But the second crop of potatoes is exactly what is needed for winter and spring consumption.

Astrakhan tomatoes ripen remarkably lying on the ground, but you should not repeat this experience in the Moscow region. Our tomatoes need support, support, a garter. My neighbors use all sorts of pegs, garters, loops, ready-made plant supports, and mesh fences. Each method of fixing the plant in an upright position has its own advantages and " side effects". I'll tell you how I place tomato bushes on trellises, and what comes of it.

Bulgur with pumpkin is a dish for every day, which is easy to prepare in half an hour. Bulgur is boiled separately, the cooking time depends on the size of the grains - whole and coarse grinding for about 20 minutes, fine grinding for just a few minutes, sometimes the cereal is simply poured with boiling water, like couscous. While the cereal is cooking, prepare the pumpkin in sour cream sauce, and then combine the ingredients. If you replace ghee with vegetable oil, and sour cream with soy cream, then it can be included in the lenten menu.

Flies - a sign of unsanitary conditions and carriers infectious diseases hazardous to both humans and animals. People are constantly looking for ways to get rid of nasty insects. In this article, we will talk about the Zlobny TED brand, which specializes in fly protection products and knows a lot about them. The manufacturer has developed a specialized line of drugs to get rid of flying insects anywhere quickly, safely and without extra costs.

The summer months are the time for hydrangeas to bloom. This beautiful deciduous shrub luxuriously fragrant with flowers from June to September. Florists willingly use large inflorescences for wedding decors and bouquets. To admire the beauty of a flowering hydrangea bush in your garden, you should take care of the proper conditions for it. Unfortunately, some hydrangeas do not bloom year after year, despite the care and efforts of gardeners. Why this happens, we will tell in the article.

Every summer resident knows that plants need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for full development. These are the three main macronutrients, the deficiency of which significantly affects appearance and crop yield, and advanced cases may lead to their death. But at the same time, not everyone understands the importance of other macro- and microelements for plant health. And they are important not only in themselves, but also for the effective absorption of the same nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

garden strawberry, or strawberry, as we used to call it, is one of the early fragrant berries that summer generously endows us with. How we rejoice in this harvest! In order for the “berry boom” to repeat every year, we need to take care of caring for berry bushes. The laying of flower buds, from which ovaries will form in spring, and berries in summer, begins approximately 30 days after the end of fruiting.

Spicy pickled watermelon is a savory snack for fatty meat. Watermelons and watermelon rinds have been pickled since time immemorial, but the process is laborious and time consuming. According to my recipe, it’s easy to cook pickled watermelon in 10 minutes, and by the evening a spicy snack will be ready. The watermelon marinated with spices and chili is stored in the refrigerator for several days. Be sure to keep the jar in the refrigerator, not only for the sake of safety - chilled, this snack is just licking your fingers!

Among the variety of species and hybrids of philodendrons, there are many plants, both gigantic and compact. But not a single species competes in unpretentiousness with the main modest - blushing philodendron. True, his modesty does not concern the appearance of the plant. Reddening stems and cuttings, huge leaves, long shoots, forming, although very large, but also strikingly elegant silhouette, look very elegant. Philodendron blushing requires only one thing - at least minimal care.

Thick Chickpea Soup with Vegetables and Egg is an easy recipe for a hearty first course inspired by Oriental cuisine. Similar thick soups are prepared in India, Morocco, and the countries of Southeast Asia. The tone is set by spices and seasonings - garlic, chili, ginger and a bouquet of spicy spices, which can be assembled to your liking. It is better to fry vegetables and spices in melted butter (ghee) or mix olive oil and butter in a saucepan, this, of course, is not the same, but it tastes similar.

Plum - well, who does not know her ?! She is loved by many gardeners. And all because it has an impressive list of varieties, surprises with excellent harvests, pleases with its variety in terms of ripening and a huge choice of color, shape and taste of fruits. Yes, somewhere she feels better, somewhere worse, but almost no summer resident refuses to grow her on her plot. Today it can be found not only in the south, in middle lane, but also in the Urals, in Siberia.

Many ornamental and fruit crops, except for drought-resistant ones, suffer from the scorching sun, and conifers in the winter-spring period - from the sun's rays, enhanced by the reflection from the snow. In this article we will talk about a unique preparation for protecting plants from sunburn and droughts - Sunshet Agrosuccess. The problem is relevant for most regions of Russia. February and early March Sun rays become more active, and the plants are not yet ready for new conditions.

“Each vegetable has its own time”, and each plant has its own optimal time for landing. Anyone who has experienced planting is well aware that the hot season for planting is spring and autumn. This is due to several factors: in spring, the plants have not yet started to grow rapidly, there is no sweltering heat, and precipitation often falls. However, no matter how hard we try, circumstances often develop in such a way that landings have to be carried out at the very height of summer.

Chile con carne translated from Spanish- chili with meat. This is a Texan and Mexican dish whose main ingredients are chili peppers and minced beef. In addition to the main products bow goes, carrots, tomatoes, beans. This red lentil chili recipe is delicious! The dish is fiery, burning, very satisfying and amazingly tasty! You can cook a large pot, arrange in containers and freeze - a whole week will be a delicious dinner.

Cucumber is one of my favorites horticultural crops our gardeners. However, not all and not always gardeners manage to get a really good harvest. And although growing cucumbers requires regular attention and care, there is a little secret that will significantly increase their yield. It's about pinching cucumbers. Why, how and when to pinch cucumbers, we will tell in the article. An important point The agricultural technique of cucumbers is their formation, or type of growth.

Fir is a coniferous evergreen plant with a conical crown. The top of the fir starts from the base of the bole. In mature trees, the top of the crown is rounded or notched. The color of the periderm is gray, it is not wrinkled in most types of fir. The periderm of mature trees becomes thicker and cracks over time. Some types of garden fir have green-gray or green-blue needles. The needles of most trees are flat, dark green in color with milky stripes below.
Fir has a pleasant coniferous smell. There are about forty species of fir, but not all of them are suitable for landscape design, as individual plants grow up to sixty meters. The cones are located at the top of the crown. The development of cones takes decades.

Fir cones fall to the ground in woody parts. Fir root is taproot, strong. There are firs with decorative cones, these include the following species: Korean fir, Vicha fir, plain fir, Fraser fir, Siberian fir. Fir is divided into species, which, in turn, have a variety of varieties. Below are the most popular and common varieties of fir. Did you know? A distinctive feature of fir plants is the location of the resin passages in the periderm, and not in the wood.

Some of the best varieties are:

Molli - the variety is ideal for small areas;
Brilliant - in 10 years its growth will be no more than 20 cm;
Tundra - has light green needles, grows slowly, blue cones;
Blue Emperor with bright blue needles grows over 2 m in height;
Silberlocke is pillow-shaped, becomes pyramidal with age, can grow up to five meters in height, needles have a bizarre shape and color;
Oberon- dwarf variety no more than 30-40 cm in height;
Blauer Pfiff - dazzling blue needles, height up to 3 m.

Korean fir is resistant to frost, unpretentious in care, for conservation bright color needles, it is desirable to plant it in well-lit areas.

Reproduction methods

Fir is propagated using seeds and cuttings. The seed method is more suitable for specific plants. Seeds are collected at the beginning of the ripening stage. This can be done while the cones have not yet disintegrated and the seeds have not scattered over long distances. They are dried and the seed material is removed. Until next spring, the seeds are left in a cloth bag. In order for them to undergo stratification, the bag is placed in a refrigerator or basement for several months. In the middle of spring they are planted in open ground. To do this, prepare a bed. garden soil mixed with soddy soil and sand. The seeds are buried by 1.5-2 cm, and then covered with a film. Shoots appear in 20-25 days, after which the shelter can be removed. Regularly carry out watering and loosening. During the first year, it is important to remove weeds in a timely manner. For the winter, fir seedlings are covered with spruce branches. In the spring they can be transplanted to permanent place. At first, plants develop quite slowly. Annual growth is up to 10 cm.

Varietal fir is usually propagated by cuttings. For this, annual shoots from young individuals are used. The length of the handle should be 5-8 cm. It is important that there is a single kidney at the top, and a heel is preserved at the base (a section of the bark with mother plant). Cuttings are harvested in early spring until sap flow begins. It is better to do this at the beginning of the day in cloudy weather. Soak the shoots in a fungicide solution 6 hours before planting to prevent fungal infections. It is important to ensure that the bark on the heel does not separate from the wood. Planting is carried out in pots filled with a mixture of leafy and humus soil and river sand. Seedlings are covered with a transparent film, which should not come into contact with the top. For better rooting organize lower heating so that the soil temperature is 2-3 ° C higher than room temperature. Containers are placed in a place with bright, diffused light. Every day you need to air the cuttings and moisten the soil as necessary. Since May, they are exposed to fresh air, and for the winter they are taken back to the house. A full-fledged rhizome develops in a year.

How to grow fir?

Fir planting

Fir can be planted and transplanted in spring, in April, and in autumn, from the end of August and all of September. Almost all of them like moist (but not waterlogged), rich, deep loams. The best planting material is 5-7 years of age. It is advisable to plant fir on warm, cloudy days, even better - in the rain. A landing site is prepared at least 2 weeks before planting.

Dig holes with a depth of 60-80 cm and a width depending on the size of the root system. The bottom of the pit is loosened to a depth of 10-15 cm and half filled with a nutrient mixture consisting of clay soil, leafy soil or humus, peat and river sand (2: 3: 1: 1). Then add 10 kg of sawdust, 200-300 g of nitroammofoska and mix again. They pour it into a mound, sprinkle it with garden soil (without fertilizers), plant the plant, placing the roots horizontally, and fill the hole again with garden soil. A fir seedling is placed so that the root collar is at ground level.

Young firs need regular loosening of the soil to a depth of 10-12 cm with simultaneous weeding and subsequent mulching trunk circle sawdust, wood chips, peat with a layer of 5-8 cm.

The distance between the plant, depending on the type of planting, is as follows: in the alley 4-5 m, in groups 3-3.5 m, in hedges in a checkerboard pattern up to 2.5 m. Balsam fir, surrounding itself with young shoots, needs the largest area.

Feeding and watering fir

2-3 years after planting in the spring, it is advisable to regularly add 100-125 g / m2 of Kemira-station wagon to the near-stem circle. Water only moisture-loving species. Do this in dry weather, pouring 15-20 liters of water under each plant. You should not especially get involved in watering, since waterlogging is contraindicated for firs.

fir pruning

Fir does not need to form a crown; only dry, damaged or diseased branches are cut. Do it at any time of the year.

If you have heavy clay soils, when planting fir at the bottom of the pit, you need to make drainage from gravel or broken brick, cans and beer cans, laid in a layer of 20 cm.

Preparing fir for winter

Recommended firs in the middle lane winter well, and only young plants need shelter. To protect them from late spring frosts in autumn, the soil in the trunk circle is covered with dry leaves or peat (layer 10-12 cm), and the crown is covered with spruce branches.

Transfer

Coniferous trees, when compared with other plants, tolerate transplantation quite well and quickly take root in a new place. In the event that a young plant is transplanted, then it is necessary to pierce the soil in a circle, stepping back from the trunk from 0.3 to 0.4 meters, using a sharp shovel for this. Then, with the same shovel, it is necessary to pry off the indicated circle, plunging it into the soil to the depth of the bayonet. The fir is taken out together with a clod of earth and transported on a wheelbarrow to a new landing site, while it should be placed very carefully in the landing hole.

If the fir has already grown up, then before proceeding with the transplant, it is prepared. To do this, the soil is pierced in a circle 12 months before the proposed transplant, while more must be retreated from the trunk than in the first case. Within a year, young roots will grow at the tree inside the designated circle, which will allow it to easily transfer the transplant. It should immediately be noted that one person may not be able to cope with the transplantation of grown fir, so find an assistant in advance. It is very important to prevent the earth ball from collapsing during transplantation.

DISEASES AND PESTS
The fir moth is a massive pest of fir plantations, which is widespread in the European part of Russia, in the Crimea, in the Caucasus, in Western Siberia, in the Sayans, in the Amur region, Primorye. The fight against fir moth is carried out by spraying against caterpillars younger ages biological product ‘Pepidocid’ in terms of Zl/ha.
Siberian silkworm - pest conifers trees, of which he prefers fir (Siberian, Sakhalin, white) and cedar (Siberian, Korean). Mass reproduction of the Siberian silkworm covers large territories and leads to the drying of a large number of plantings. This pest is initial stage a caterpillar, and later a butterfly, which eat the needles entirely, and with a lack of food - the bark of thin shoots and young cones. In case of mass reproduction of the pest, the control is carried out against the younger caterpillars by spraying with the biological product ‘Pepidocid’ at the rate of Zl/ha.
Silkworm nun - a pest of many breeds coniferous trees(except juniper and yew). Young caterpillars at first eat only May shoots and buds that have begun to grow, then the pollen of male inflorescences and young needles. The nun silkworm often causes fir plantations to dry out. In case of mass reproduction of the pest, the fight is carried out against the caterpillars of younger ages by spraying with the biological product ‘Lepidocide’ at the rate of Zl/ha.
Spruce-fir Hermes causes curvature and yellowing of the needles. Hermes suck needles from the underside. At the same time, brown or yellowish-green larvae and nymphs are on the needles. Winged individuals migrate from one tree to another. The founders are located on the cortex near the kidneys. They hibernate and start feeding in April. Each fertilized female lays one egg. The eggs hatch into larvae. In the spring they turn into founders. Control measures: the destruction of the founding larvae, in the spring - spraying with insecticides.
Also, fir is subject to extensive damage to needles and buds due to a sharp drop in air temperature during the day. Sometimes such a burn leads to a temporary loss of decorativeness, and in some cases to the death of the entire plant.

LANDSCAPE DESIGN
Thanks to its graceful, well-defined contour and shiny green needles with white stripes of stomata on the underside of the needles,
fir has been cultivated since time immemorial. Decorative qualities trees are enhanced by its ability to keep the lower branches for a long time.
And today, in landscape construction, fir enjoys well-deserved popularity. However, it is worth considering the fact that in the city, beyond
except for some species, it suffers from air pollution. Fir is recommended for use in group and alley plantings in combination with white-trunked birches, maples, various
shrubs or other large trees(spruce, pine, larch). These plants are also suitable for creating living walls without a haircut. In addition, fir branches are widely used in floristry.

The use of fir and its beneficial properties

The fir plant is valuable not only decorative properties. Popular rumor ascribes unusually wide properties to it: from strengthening the body with the help of tinctures to treating pathologies. If you believe this, then it turns out that fir is able to correct almost all health problems. And despite the obvious advertising effect, experts have confirmed that infusions and oils of fir can have a strong therapeutic effect on inflammatory processes. In addition to fir, it is recommended for the following problems:

cough,
diphtheria,
colds, including different forms flu,
gum disease,
rheumatism.
prostatitis,
external skin problems
wound care and more.

As you can see, fir is not only a valuable decorative, but also very useful plant widely known for its healing properties.

Growing fir from seeds

Collecting fir seeds is not an easy task. The fact is that in adult specimens, ripening cones are relatively high, and even ripened winged seeds scatter almost immediately. In order to extract the seeds, you need to pick a slightly unripe cone, which is dried and only after that the seeds are removed. Such seeds need stratification, for this, immediately after collection, they are placed in the basement with high humidity air or on the refrigerator shelf. Sowing seeds in open ground they are produced in a prepared bed of turf and sand in April, while they only need to be buried in the soil by a couple of centimeters.

The crops are not watered, but immediately covered with a transparent film, in this case a crust does not form on the surface of the soil, and seedlings will appear much faster. The first seedlings should appear after 20-30 days. From this time, it is necessary to start watering them, weeding and loosening the soil surface. In order for the seedlings to survive the first winter, they should be covered with spruce branches. Already on next year you can start transplanting young seedlings to a permanent place. The seedling obtained from the seed is initially characterized by extremely slow growth, because first the root system is built up. So, a four-year-old fir in height can reach only 0.3 to 0.4 meters. However, older plants grow much faster.

The use of fir in baths and saunas

Fir brooms for a bath are not as common as ordinary ones (birch or oak). Such brooms are more often used by connoisseurs of thrills. However, fir brooms are very popular in Siberia and the Far East. Many are puzzled by the fact that fir has rather sharp needles. However, if you properly prepare the needles, it will practically not prick. The broom should be properly steamed in boiling water, and before the procedure itself, it is recommended to steam and warm up the skin, making it soft and elastic. Then the injections of softened needles will not be felt. Procedures with fir needle brooms are used as a massage, due to which blood flow increases and heavy sweating begins. A bath with a fir broom is useful for respiratory and nervous system, heart and blood vessels, as well as to strengthen the immune system.

It is also recommended for articular pathologies, diseases of the spinal column, colds. Bath procedures with fir needles are recommended for skin diseases, as they soothe exacerbations, accelerate wound healing and perfectly cleanse the skin. They are also recommended for people suffering from gout and neuralgic pathologies. Bath procedures with a fir broom help eliminate muscle spasms and muscle pain. Due to the antiseptic and bactericidal properties of fir needles, bath procedures with fir brooms are very useful for colds and flu, coughs and runny nose. Healthy people are advised to combine a bath with a fir broom with hardening - this will increase the body's defenses and improve health. As for the psychological aspect, a bath with a fir broom has an extremely beneficial effect. It will help eliminate fatigue, relieve stress, emotional experiences, help to relax, improve mood. If you put a few drops of fir oil on a broom, this will only make the procedure even more useful.

Pine on the site can be planted anywhere - this is the most unpretentious plant of all conifers. Pine can grow on such poor soils that no other can grow on. large plant. The same goes for sunlight.

Unlike pine, which can thrive in sunny open spaces, firs and spruces gravitate more towards shaded areas on the site.

And if pines can be planted with south side home or garage, then it is better to plant with north side from the building. This is especially true for regions with hot and often dry summers, when it is not possible to regularly water coniferous plants.

Even with regular watering, transplanted spruces and firs often dry out in the second year and lose needles a lot, despite the fact that in the first year after transplanting they felt pretty good.

How to protect coniferous trees on the site

So that coniferous trees on the site do not suffer from hot summers, you can protect them in the following ways:

1. Plant conifers in groups, especially fir and spruce. You can protect a group of firs and spruces from the south side with young birches or lindens, whose foliage in summer will serve as a kind of shield from the rays of the scorching sun.
2. It is possible to enclose conifers for the summer period trees light slit shields on the south side, which will give a moving shadow during the day.
3. Try to plant spruces and firs also on the western side - there they will not be harmed by the summer sun at sunset.

When choosing a place for planting fir trees, it is necessary to take into account the type of planting:

In alleys, the distance between plants should be 4-5 m,
In groups, fir trees are planted 3-3.5 m apart,
In hedges, seedlings are placed in a checkerboard pattern, leaving up to 2.5 m between them.

The most big square necessary for balsam fir, surrounding itself with young shoots.

Fir can be planted or transplanted in spring (in April) or in autumn (from late August to early October). Almost all types of firs like moist (without waterlogging), deep, rich and well-drained loams. If the water in the area stagnates, this can lead to a slowdown in the growth of firs and their defeat by various fungal diseases.

Fir trees are quite shade-tolerant, so both sunny and shady places are suitable for planting, but they acquire a typical crown shape only in good light. However, one must not forget that in winter time young plants need shading, as closer to spring (with an increase daylight hours) their needles can suffer from the sun.

Fir trees are wind-resistant plants, but powerful, deep root system develops in deep soils. In mountainous areas or on heavy clay substrates, the development of the main root may be suspended and the root system is formed branched and superficial, which often causes a decrease in wind resistance of plants. In particular, the surface root system is characteristic of balsam fir (Picea balsamea) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa).

How to plant a fir

For planting fir, it is preferable to choose cloudy, warm days, and it is best to plant fir in the rain. As planting material it is desirable to take 5-7-year-old plants. Preparation of the seat begins at least 2 weeks before planting seedlings.

A hole is dug 60-80 cm deep. Its width depends on the size of the root system of the selected plant. When planting fir on heavy clay soils, at the bottom of the pit, drainage should be made from broken bricks or gravel (you can use cans and beer cans, laying them in a layer of 20 cm).

The bottom of the pit must be loosened to a depth of 10-15 cm and filled halfway with a nutrient mixture, which includes:

Clay soil (2 parts)
Leaf ground or humus (3 parts)
Peat (1 part)
River sand (1 part)

Then you need to add sawdust (10 kg), nitroammofoska (200-300 g) and mix again.

After that, they form a mound, sprinkle it on top with garden soil (already without fertilizers) and, placing the roots horizontally, plant a plant on it. The pit is also covered with garden soil, making sure that the root collar of the seedling is at the level of the soil surface.

Details on planting trees can be found in the video tutorial: How to plant a tree correctly. Follow the link and see - everything is very clear and detailed.

We plant thuja in the fall, we do it right

The advantages of this plant are that it is relatively unpretentious in terms of the amount of moisture and soil quality.

Thuja is photophilous, so it is very important to choose a place suitable for planting where the plant will feel comfortable. It will also grow in a shady area, but in this case it will be rare and lose its splendor and decorative appeal.

When shearing, this plant is given various shapes suitable for a particular composition - for example, in the form of a ball, or vice versa - a tall tree.

Thuja is often called the Tree of Life, because this plant is used for medicinal purposes - it contains useful essential oils.

Although the thuja is unpretentious in relation to the soil, it is still better to choose fertile and well-permeable soils. It is favorable for this plant when there is enough moisture, otherwise the thuja begins to turn yellow and crumble.

If you approach the choice of the right place for planting this plant in compliance with all requirements, it will only need minimal care, always remaining at the same time an evergreen decoration of the landscape.

Learn all about the fastest growing tree species.

Don't know how to drain flowers? Read this article.

Planting process

Make sure the root collar is level with the ground.

Pit preparation

Before you start planting a plant, you need to prepare landing pit. It is dug up depending on the development of the root system, usually up to one meter in diameter.

Drainage

If wet or heavy soils are used for planting, a layer of drainage must be poured into the pit, 10-15 centimeters high. Broken brick, expanded clay and other hard materials can be used as it.

We fall asleep with a substrate

From above, the landing pit must be covered with a layer of a mixture of peat, sand and earth. Also, if necessary, you can add fertilizers necessary to strengthen the root system.

When planting, the root neck of the plant must be placed exactly at ground level, and be very careful in this. You can’t deepen it very much or, conversely, raise it above the surface - the plant will simply dry out and die if something is done wrong.

The root neck is the place where the trunk passes into the roots, as a rule, here the trunk gradually changes color from green to light brown

A thuja seedling in the fall must be fed for full rooting and for them to survive the stress of planting as soon as possible.

For example, it can be dry top dressing with potash and phosphate fertilizers, the main thing to remember is that in the spring you need to take breaks of 2-3 weeks so as not to overdo it.

In addition, it is necessary to provide the seedling with daily watering and weekly sprinkling from a hose. With this procedure, dust and dirt are removed from the plant, which is very important for arborvitae. When very hot weather sets in, this must be done every morning and evening.

(See also a more general article about planting thuja)

Planting thuja in western autumn How to do it right Photo

The first argument in favor autumn planting- planting thuja in autumn is easier than in another season. Rainy weather itself provides watering of the root system and irrigation of the crown of a young seedling.

The second argument is the possibility of more rational use strength and time. Having done necessary work in autumn, we free up time for important spring chores.

The third reason to plant thuja in the fall is favorable prices for seedlings. Nurseries sell planting material in large quantities and at an affordable price, and container plants are often offered at significant discounts.

The fourth advantage is the presence in the garden of free natural materials which can be used for boarding. Autumn fallen leaves are well suited for both preparing a nutrient mixture and for mulching tree trunks.

Features of planting thuja in the fall

To properly plant thuja and avoid mistakes that lead to death coniferous plant, certain conditions must be met:

Maintain planting dates: thuja with an open rhizome is planted from late August to early October, and a container seedling - until the end of October.
Do not use any top dressing when planting in the fall, except for preparations that stimulate the formation of roots.
Use mulching to warm the fragile roots of the plant.
Protect the crown of a young thuja from frost and sunburn.

Planting process

Before planting thuja in the fall, they collect 8-10 buckets of fallen leaves or coniferous needles.

Having chosen a suitable place for the plant, a seedling is planted in a few steps.

Step 1. They dig a hole in two bayonets with a depth and a diameter of 70–90 cm, folding the upper sod layer separately from the ground.

Step 2. Sod is laid at the bottom of the landing pit, placing it with grass down, crushed with a bayonet shovel and crushed with feet.

Step 3. Pour a layer of leaves 3–5 cm thick.

Step 4. Add some earth and tamp. Repeating the process, fill the pit with alternating layers to the level of the seedling.

Step 5 Install a container with thuja in the center. Check the location of the root collar, given that initially it will be necessary to fill the soil 5-8 cm above the surrounding surface, based on the draft.

Step 6 Lay the right amount of earth, trampling each layer.

Step 7. Mulch the trunk circle within a radius of at least half a meter with a mixture of leaves with pine needles or other organic material. For reliable protection from winter frosts, the thickness of a kind of blanket should reach 6–8 cm.

Planting thuja complete abundant watering from a watering can. In dry autumn, water procedures for a coniferous plant are repeated every week.

Thuja shelter for the winter

All varieties of western thuja in adulthood normally survive the winter without additional shelters. But the landings of the current year, the protection of the ground part is required in without fail. They cover the thuja with the arrival of stable frosts, for which they build over the plant wooden frame or install wire arcs.

From above, the structure is covered with burlap, rolled up in several layers with gauze or a special non-woven material.

In the spring, with the onset of thaws, the shelter is opened from the north side for ventilation. After the snow melts, the winter protection is completely removed and shading is arranged on the south side.

It is better to purchase thuja western for your garden in specialized nurseries that guarantee the viability of the plant in your climate. Everything else depends on competent landing and the right conditions for development, together ensuring the survival of a coniferous seedling.

A noble and graceful fir plant will decorate any garden plot. It is characterized by a wonderful coniferous aroma, unpretentiousness in cultivation and durability. This beauty will perfectly fulfill the role of a New Year's tree, which can be decorated annually right in the garden.

Fir: description and types, nuances of cultivation

Due to the variety of species and varieties, fir can perform various decorative functions. Dwarf varieties serve as the highlight of rockeries. The tree looks great in single and group landings. If the territory of the site allows, you can plant a whole alley of fir trees.

Korean fir

This fir is native to the Korean Peninsula. It is known for the largest number of varieties. There are varieties with green and blue needles, various shapes and sizes.

Some of the best varieties are:

Molli - the variety is ideal for small areas;
Brilliant - in 10 years its growth will be no more than 20 cm;
Tundra - has light green needles, grows slowly, blue cones;
Blue Emperor with bright blue needles grows over 2 m in height;
Silberlocke is pillow-shaped, becomes pyramidal with age, can grow up to five meters in height, needles have a bizarre shape and color;
Oberon - a dwarf variety no more than 30-40 cm in height;
Blauer Pfiff - dazzling blue needles, height up to 3 m.

Korean fir is resistant to frost, unpretentious in care, to preserve the bright color of the needles, it is advisable to plant it in well-lit areas.

Siberian evergreen tree

This is the most common variety of fir that can be found. It grows not only in Siberia, but also in the Urals, in the north-eastern part of Russia, it is found in China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan. Siberian fir tolerates severe frosts well, but is unstable to air pollution, so it is rarely seen in city parks.

Caucasian fir or Nordman

This fir is sold in garden centers for outdoor cultivation. She is thermophilic, the birthplace of her growth is the Caucasus. Nordmann fir does not tolerate frost well, but is well adapted to dry climates. southern regions.

Decorative single color tree

This fir cannot be confused with any other tree. She is tall and powerful, her needles are thick, up to 7 cm long. The single-color variety is considered the most drought-resistant, therefore it is suitable for the southern regions, but it also tolerates frost very well. This fir is the most sun-loving, therefore, planted in the shade or partial shade, it loses its decorative effect and begins to hurt. One of the best is the Compacta variety, with a dense crown. IN young age it has a conical shape, then grows in width. It grows slowly - at 10 years old it does not exceed 1 meter in height.

balsam fir

Compared to other firs, this one is considered the most short-lived, lives no more than 200 years. The famous Canadian balsam is made from the bark of this fir. It is not suitable for southern regions with a dry climate. One of the best is the Nana variety. This is a dwarf slow-growing variety, the height of an adult plant does not exceed 80 cm.

White-bark or bud-scale fir

This fir comes from Far East. At a young age, it has a light, almost white bark. This is one of the few varieties that can be used in urban gardening, it tolerates polluted air well.

Fraser Fir

This fir is popular as a Christmas tree due to its aroma, resistance to needle shedding, and regular pyramidal shape. This variety prefers a cool climate, has a large varietal diversity and has long been known to gardeners.

Tall evergreen tree noble

Noble fir is native to North America and grows north of the Cascade Mountains. The height of an adult tree reaches 60 m, life expectancy is 700 years. The crown is cone-shaped, with aging the tree becomes domed. The needles are bluish-green.

subalpine fir

This fir has the most beautiful needles - bright and refined. The tree is loved by florists and landscape designers. In nature, it is found in the mountains of North America. This species can be damaged spring frosts, but tolerates winter frosts normally. The best variety with bluish needles Compacta is ideal for small areas.

Preparation of fir before planting

Planting and caring for fir is not particularly difficult. by the most milestone preparation is to choose a healthy seedling. It is purchased at specialized garden centers or in stores.

How to choose seedlings

For planting, you need to choose seedlings in containers. They can be planted all year round except for winter. The root system of such plants is well developed, but most importantly, an earthen ball around the roots is preserved, which is very important for coniferous crops.

The microorganism mycorrhiza lives on the roots of fir, which helps fir absorb moisture and nutrients.

The microorganism dries up 10–15 minutes after the roots are exposed. Therefore, fir seedlings with an open root system cannot be bought - they will not take root.

Site and soil preparation

Fir trees are shade-tolerant, but develop better in open, sunny places. They prefer fertile, breathable soil that retains water well.

For planting, prepare the site, dig it up, free it from weeds. To improve the composition of the soil, you can mix two parts of soddy land, one part of peat and one part of sand.

Landing in open ground

One of the first conditions for the proper planting of fir is the choice of location. It should be well lit by the sun.

Young firs are afraid of sunburn. When spring comes, the needles may turn yellow and crumble. To prevent this from happening, it is advisable to shade the plant on a hot afternoon with burlap, spruce branches or hay.

It is advisable to tie a young fir to a peg so that it does not twist out of the ground during a strong wind.

What time of year to plant a tree

A seedling purchased in a container can be planted in spring, autumn and even summer.

It has a well-developed root system, which is practically not damaged during proper planting.

But it is best to plant a tree in early spring, before bud break, or in autumn, long before frost.

Technology of planting seedlings

For fir, you need to prepare the right landing hole. It is dug 20 cm wider than the container and 30 cm deeper.
The root neck of the seedling cannot be buried; it should only be lightly sprinkled with earth.
At the bottom of the landing hole, you can pour a layer of drainage from broken bricks or expanded clay. It is especially important to do this if ground water come close to the soil surface.
The drainage is covered with a layer of earth from above, 100 g of nitroammophoska mineral fertilizer is poured and mixed with the soil.
The fir seedling is taken out of the container and placed in the prepared planting hole without disturbing earthy coma around the roots.
They fill the space in the hole with fertile soil and lightly tamp down to fill all the voids.

Immediately after planting, the seedling should be well watered. At least 1 bucket of water is consumed per plant. The soil of the trunk circle must be mulched with peat or pine chips.

Fir care in the open field

Growing fir in the garden special efforts does not require. This is the most beautiful and grateful plant that responds to the slightest care and attention.

It is important to choose the right type of tree for planting in your area. Fir needs regular watering, weed removal and mulching of the trunk circle.

The tree does not need frequent feeding, it is rarely affected by pests.

How to water correctly

Fir does not like excessive dryness and stagnant moisture; it needs moderate soil moisture.

After planting, the young tree is watered once a week, pouring at least 1 bucket of water. In summer, in hot weather, weekly watering is also desirable. The tree does not like excessive drying of the soil.

Fir is responsive to crown sprinkling. It can be watered over needles from a hose or watering can. Sprinkling is done in the evening or in cloudy weather.

Loosening and mulching the soil

It is impossible to loosen the soil deeply, as the roots located near the surface can be damaged. Weeds are removed around the tree, loosened upper layer soil after watering and mulch to reduce evaporation of moisture. Sawdust, wood chips or peat are used as mulch, pouring them with a layer of 6 to 8 cm.

Top dressing and fertilizer

When planting fir on the site, mineral fertilizers are applied to the hole. These fertilizers are enough for 2 or 3 years, then the plant must be fed.

Fir does not really need fertilizers, as it is evergreen tree. The best fertilizer for her is a good humus or compost. Can be paid once a year mineral fertilizer- 30 or 40 grams of nitroammophoska for 1 square meter trunk circle. Fertilizers are applied in spring or early autumn. Can't fertilize the tree late autumn- grown young shoots will suffer during frosts.

Technology of pruning and shelter for the winter

Fir trees are naturally endowed with a beautiful crown.

As a rule, they do not need pruning.

In the spring, they inspect the tree and cut off broken or dried branches. This is done in early March, before the start of sap flow, so as not to harm the tree.

in hiding mature tree does not need, young seedlings before severe frosts can be covered with spruce branches and agrofibre.

Diseases, pests of fir and methods of dealing with them

If fir grows in good conditions, it is not affected by diseases and pests. A tree can get sick after stress - a hot and dry summer and rare watering.

On a weakened plant appear fungal diseases, the root system is sick, the trunk and needles are affected. A diseased tree is treated with systemic fungicides.

If on the needles or branches are visible harmful insects those who have chosen a tree are treated with systemic insecticides. Repeat the procedure several times until the pests are completely destroyed.

Propagation of an evergreen tree

You can grow a new tree from cuttings or seeds. This process will take a long time, a small fir seedling grows very slowly.

seed method

To collect the seeds of the cultivated fir you like, the green cones are also tied with gauze. When the seeds are ripe, they will not fall to the ground and birds will not peck them. collected material sown in open ground or in a moist substrate in a container.

Reproduction by cuttings

Cuttings are cut from the branches of the previous year, they should have an apical bud.
Sections are treated with a growth stimulator and placed in a moist, light substrate.
Moisten the soil with a spray bottle.
You can make a small greenhouse by covering the stalk with transparent plastic bottle or package.
When the seedling takes root, the greenhouse is removed.

Fir in landscape design: ideas

Fir looks great in the garden. This evergreen plant adorns the backyard all year round.

There are several options for planting fir for garden decoration:

In the center of a flower bed or lawn, one or more plants can be planted to create a kind of living sculpture.
Along a fence or building wall for beautiful background flowers and leafy plants. Fir can be planted along with other conifers - junipers or thuja.
Several firs in a row - to delimit parts of the garden, create a living alley or hedge.

Some types of firs grow very large, they create shade and oppress other plants in the garden. This must be taken into account when landing. Currently, there are many miniature and undersized firs that will decorate a small garden plot and will not even interfere with flowers in a flower bed.

To make coniferous compositions look attractive, you need to carefully choose the color of the needles and the shape of the crown. You can combine blue and bright green varieties, the trees are round and cone-shaped.

By creating landscape composition on a personal plot, it is necessary to take into account not only the size of adult plants, but also their compatibility with each other. For example, fir does not grow well next to spruce, pine and cedar.

Fir is a responsive and patient plant. With proper care, she will delight the owners with a bright color of needles and a wonderful aroma for more than one year.

fir tree

Choosing a site for successful cultivation

The common fir is a rather undemanding tree. Too young plants cannot tolerate abundant sunlight, which is why the rooting site of the cuttings should be shaded. For successful rooting and cultivation of fir on garden plot, in the country, or in any other place, you need to take care of the quality of the soil in advance (the soil must be fertile) and make good drainage. Ideally, the plant feels very good near water bodies.

Replanting grown trees should already be in a bright area. The tree perfectly tolerates windy weather, thanks to its powerful root system, which takes root deep underground.

Seedling selection and planting

At the time of planting in the soil, the seedling must be at least four years old. If you plant younger seedlings of the tree, there is a high probability that they simply simply cannot take root. At the moment, fir can be ordered on the Internet, purchased in special nurseries, or on the market. At the time of sale, the root system of the seedling must be in a special container. When choosing a seedling for planting, it is imperative to pay attention to the color of the needles - in a healthy plant, it should have a rich green color. If places with yellowed needles are noticeable on the tree, it is better not to buy such ones.

Fir seedlings

How to plant fir (process description)

As described above, the best period for planting fir, autumn or spring is considered. First of all, you need to prepare a landing site (in the country, in the backyard, etc.). Given the diameter of the root system, it is necessary to dig an appropriate hole. 2 buckets of water are poured into the planting hole. After the water is absorbed into the ground, a layer of soil should be removed from the bottom of the hole, about half the bayonet of a shovel. Instead of a removed ball of soil, a layer of broken brick or rubble (about 5 centimeters high) is filled up, which will play the role of drainage.

After carrying out these manipulations, a fertile mixture should be introduced into the pit, somewhere in half of the dug hole. 200 grams of nitrophoska and 10 kilograms of sawdust are added to the prepared soil. 2 weeks after preparing the hole, you can plant a future tree in it. The roots of the seedling need to be straightened, free space covered with soil, the pit is compacted and watered.

If several trees are planted on the site at the same time, the distance between the seedlings should not be less than 3 meters. Planting fir to create an alley of several specimens - the distance between the planting holes is at least 4 meters. From correct location trees, their future development will depend, since the availability of the necessary space ensures that the fir receives all the necessary nutrients.

The planting of fir in cities is often hindered by its extreme sensitivity to air pollution.

When choosing a place for planting fir trees, it is necessary to take into account the type of planting:

in alleys, the distance between plants should be 4-5 m,
in groups, fir trees are planted 3-3.5 m apart,
in hedges, seedlings are placed in a checkerboard pattern, leaving up to 2.5 m between them.

The largest area is needed for young growth surrounding itself.

Fir trees are quite shade-tolerant, so both sunny and shady places are suitable for planting, but they acquire a typical crown shape only in good light. However, we must not forget that in winter, young plants need shading, since closer to spring (with an increase in daylight hours), their needles may suffer from the sun.

Fir trees are wind-resistant plants, but a powerful, deep-rooted root system develops on deep soils. In mountainous areas or on heavy clay substrates, the development of the main root may be suspended and the root system is formed branched and superficial, which often causes a decrease in wind resistance of plants. In particular, the surface root system is characteristic of balsam fir (Picea balsamea) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa).

For planting fir, it is preferable to choose cloudy, warm days, and it is best to plant fir in the rain. It is desirable to take 5-7-year-old plants as planting material. Preparation of the seat begins at least 2 weeks before planting seedlings.

A hole is dug 60-80 cm deep. Its width depends on the size of the root system of the selected plant. When planting fir on heavy clay soils, drainage from broken bricks or gravel should be made at the bottom of the pit (you can use cans and beer cans, laying them in a layer of 20 cm).

The bottom of the pit must be loosened to a depth of 10-15 cm and filled halfway with a nutrient mixture, which includes:

clay soil (2 parts)
leaf ground or humus (3 parts)
peat (1 part)
river sand (1 part)

Then you need to add sawdust (10 kg), nitroammofoska (200-300 g) and mix again.

Details on planting trees can be found in the video tutorial:. Follow the link and see - everything is very clear and detailed.

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