Carnation bearded herbaceous plants for open ground. Proper cultivation of carnation grass from seeds. The best varieties and hybrids

Turkish or bearded carnation, aka dianthus, comes from southern Europe. This is perennial in temperate climates, it is grown as a biennial crop, blooming in May - June, when the spring bulbous flowers have already faded, and a riot of annuals is just on the way.

Appearance description

Turkish carnation (Dianthus barbatus) is a herbaceous bushy plant with many stems, some of which spread along the ground, while others, bearing flowers, rise vertically, curving close to the ground. Flowering shoots are knotty, hard, reach a height of 50–60 cm. The leaves are narrow, lanceolate, with pronounced longitudinal veins. The color of the leaves and stems can be dark green with a burgundy or bluish tint, light green or deep green.

Inflorescences appear at the ends of strong stems in the form of corymbs, consisting of many small five-petalled flowers with a faint aroma of cloves. The petals of varietal and hybrid plants are fringed, with a jagged edge, varieties with double flowers are especially valued. The fruits ripen in oblong boxes, the seeds are round, brown, shiny. The flowering of Turkish carnation falls on May - July, depending on the variety, and lasts a month and a half.

The best varieties and hybrids

Breeders have bred many varieties of Turkish cloves, which can be divided into three categories based on the size of the bushes:

• undersized - up to 25 cm;
• medium height - up to 40 cm;
• tall - up to 50-60 cm.

The colors of the flowers are varied - spectacular bright varieties, colored with a warm palette of shades, with red, burgundy and cherry petals. Snow-white, fawn or pink dianthus are good. Varieties "with an eye" are invariably popular, in which the center of each flower is colored in contrast, which adds decorativeness to the plant.

Holborn Glory (Holborn glory)

A popular tall variety that has been grown in flower beds for over a hundred years. The bushes are strong, erect, reach a height of 60 cm. The stems and leaves are rich green. Rounded simple flowers with a diameter of 1.5–2 cm are collected in lush corymbs up to 12 cm in diameter. The petals are burgundy-red with a fringed snow-white fringe and the same color as the eye.

The variety is unpretentious, develops well and blooms in partial shade. Flowering is long - from early June to late July.

Newport Salmon pink (Newport Salmon pink)

Medium-sized bushes of compact form grow up to 40-50 cm tall. Elastic stems are covered with long lanceolate leaves of juicy green color. The flowers are small, dense salmon-pink, with a finely serrated edge. Rounded large inflorescences at the peak of flowering cover the entire bush with pink caps.

One of the best light-colored varieties opens the first flowers at the end of May, and blooms for a month.

Nigrikans (Nigrikans)

A magnificent dark variety is characterized by erect, stiff, wind-resistant stems, 40–50 cm high. The stems and veins of the leaves are tinted with burgundy. Inflorescences are dense, large - up to 10 cm in diameter, with purple-crimson velvet flowers, marked with contrasting oblong spots white color at the base of each petal.

Flowering is abundant for one and a half months - from June to early August. Bright Nigrikans looks good in group landings and good for cutting.

Diabunda F1 (Diabunda F1)

A series of undersized interspecific hybrids obtained by crossing Turkish and Chinese carnations. Plants are distinguished by a compact form and long, exceptionally abundant flowering. Bushes 20-25 cm high are great for planting in pots or balcony boxes.

The flowers are large, 2.2–2.5 cm in diameter, with a finely serrated edge and a satin petal structure. The series includes solid and two-tone varieties, each of which is stunningly attractive:

• Diabunda Red (Diabunda F1 Red) - rich red;
• Diabunda Crimson (Diabunda F1 Crimson) - scarlet with expressive white stamens;
• Diabunda Rose (Diabunda F1 Rose) - raspberry-pink;
• Diabunda Pink Pearl (Diabunda F1 Pink Pearl) - mother-of-pearl pink;
• Diabunda Red Picote (Diabunda F1 Red Picotee) - burgundy flowers with a wide white border;
• Diabunda Purple Picotee (Diabunda F1 Purple Picotee) - pink-lilac flowers with a wide white border;
• Diabunda Parple (Diabunda F1 Purple) - deep lilac color.

If you are interested in other types and varieties of cloves, you can find all this in the article "".

Site selection and soil preparation

Turkish carnations are mainly grown in a biennial culture, winter in the ground and germinate early, forming flowers by the beginning of June, and some varieties even earlier - as early as mid-May (Heimatland).

For early vegetation, well-heated areas on a hill are assigned to a flower bed of carnations, ensuring timely gathering. melt water. Tall varieties can be damaged by gusty winds, so it is advisable to plant plants in places protected from prevailing winds.

Plants are undemanding to soils, but develop better on fertile loamy or sandy loamy soils. For spring digging, 8–10 kg of well-rotted humus is brought in; the use of fresh manure is unacceptable.

Acidic soils are limed by spreading from 5 to 10 kg of freshly slaked lime per 10 sq. m, depending on the acidity and density of the structure - heavy soils require more lime than light ones. The structure of heavy soils is facilitated by the addition of sand or high-moor peat.

Located on open sun carnations bloom better, but many varieties thrive well in partial shade, extending the flowering period. Screens from blooming in the same period will serve as an excellent shadow and background for colorful Turkish carnations.

Landing in open ground

Turkish carnation is most often propagated by seeds through seedlings, valuable varieties and hybrids are successfully cut from cuttings or planting material is obtained by dividing the bush.

seed propagation

The seeds are sown in closed ground in April or on the ridges in May - June. The soil for sowing should be well warmed and moderately moistened. Given the two-year growing cycle, for sowing seeds, use a free plot of the garden or cold greenhouses and greenhouses that are empty after growing seedlings of vegetable plants.

For growing seedlings, a mixture of humus, sand, garden soil and high-moor peat is prepared, mixing the components in equal parts. Ready-made purchased neutral mixtures for seedlings of vegetables and flowers are quite suitable.

When sown in April, some varieties, such as Holborn Glory or Gypsy, may bloom as early as August of the first year, but in this case the bushes will be weakened and will not show the desired decorative effect next year. For early summer abundant flowering it is better to grow dianthuses in a biennial culture.

Seeds are planted to a depth of 1–1.2 cm and mulched with humus crumbs or dry sand. If the weather is dry, the crops are watered by sprinkling. Strong seedlings appear on the 8-10th day, and sometimes even earlier - after 5-7 days, which depends on the quality of the seeds and the temperature of the soil. In autumn, branched bushes are transplanted to permanent place.

Turkish carnation is excellent by sowing directly into the ground without subsequent transplantation. In this case, the sowing is carried out as indicated above, and then the seedlings break through at a distance of 20–25 cm. It is worth considering that in this case, during the first year, the flower bed will look quite modest.

Terry varieties in seed cultivation can produce heterogeneous seedlings - with non-double flowers or custom sizes, with elongated peduncles and stems or, on the contrary, squat bushes.

To avoid inconsistency and obtain plants with typical characteristics of the variety, vegetative propagation methods are used - cuttings and division of bushes.

cuttings

Cutting a Turkish carnation is not the most common method of propagation, but it is quite simple and allows you to accurately recreate mother plant. Most often they resort to cuttings of terry varieties and hybrids, bicolor or with fringed petals.

Cut green cuttings of vegetative shoots in June, in cool weather. The length of the cutting is 5–7 cm, the cut is made obliquely, directly under the internode, and the lower leaves are removed. For better rooting carry out the treatment with Kornevin: the ends of the cuttings are moistened with water and powdered with dry powder immediately before planting.

For grafting, greenhouses, greenhouses are used, or they are planted directly into the ground, stretching a film over the plantings and supporting high humidity air by frequent spraying. The cuttings are planted in light soil, immersed by 2-3 cm, and mulched with sand or peat.

Rooting lasts 18–20 days, after which the film is removed and the plantings are taken care of in the usual way. In September, young plants are transplanted to a permanent place.

The division of the bush

By dividing the bush, Turkish cloves are rarely propagated. To do this, in the fall in September - October, faded bushes are cut to a height of 10-15 cm and divided into sections with two to three shoots and a developed root system.

The resulting delenki are planted in a permanent place, watered and covered for the winter. The decorativeness of such bushes can be significantly inferior to plants grown in seedlings or cuttings.

Landing Care

Turkish carnation is unpretentious and requires minimal care. After the emergence of seedlings, the beds are thoroughly cleaned of weeds, and when two true leaves appear, they break through every 10–15 cm. If there are 4–6 leaves, the plants are thinned out, leaving the best specimens after 20–25 cm.

Seedlings grown from seeds or green cuttings are transferred to a permanent place in September, watered and mulched. late autumn the flower bed is covered with spruce branches, and with the advent of frost - with wooden shields. In early spring, snow is removed from the flower beds, shelter is removed and the earth is loosened.

Feeding and watering

During the first year of vegetation, two top dressings are carried out - cloves respond very well to fertilization.

The first feeding falls on the period when 6 true leaves appeared on young plants, while complex mineral fertilizer is applied. Immediately after autumn transplant it is worth feeding the plants with phosphorus fertilizer to improve root formation and wintering.

The following year, before flowering, make complex fertilizer for flowering plants, for example, Crystal pink. During the further growing season, the soil and bushes are sprayed several times with a Humate solution, which will add brightness to the colors and make the plants resistant to adverse conditions.

Turkish carnation tolerates a lack of moisture well, but it develops better and blooms longer with regular moderate watering at the rate of 8–10 liters per 1 sq. m. After watering, be sure to destroy the crust, facilitating the access of oxygen to the roots.

Disease and pest control

Turkish carnations are strong plants, but in damp areas they are affected by fungal diseases that can not only deprive plants of decorativeness, but also completely destroy plantings.

- a real scourge of ornamental plants. The disease is especially detrimental in the cool rainy spring on the stems and leaves in the form of brown depressed spots with a pinkish-brown bloom, which then rot and fall out, and in advanced cases plants die.

Turkish carnation is most susceptible to Fusarium at the stage of seedlings or rooting cuttings. To prevent the disease, cuttings and soil are sprinkled with foundation powder before planting. At the first signs of the disease, severely affected plants, stems and leaves are removed, and plantings are treated with a solution of copper oxychloride or a 0.1% suspension of foundationol.

Unlike Fusarium, it more often affects plants in a damp and warm environment of greenhouses, manifesting itself in the form of a gray flying mold, and the diseased areas darken and die off. Cope with a fungal infection by airing and spraying with one of the fungicides proposed above. Before processing, it is important to carefully remove all rotten parts of the plants.

Defeat rust It is a scattering on the leaves of small tubercles of a reddish-brown color, under the surface of which spores of one of the most dangerous diseases develop. When observing the first signs of rust, the infected bushes are destroyed.

At the beginning of summer, tender shoots and flower stalks of Turkish carnation attack aphid, which can quickly deplete the plant and make it more susceptible to fungal infections. To destroy aphids, they are treated with insecticides Arrivo, Decis, Intavir or Fitoverm several times with a break of 5–7 days. Spraying with infusions of tops of tomatoes, onions or garlic is effective and harmless. The main thing in successful fight with aphids - repeated regular treatments.

Video about planting and growing Turkish cloves

The early summer flowering of the Turkish carnation allows you to create amazing beautiful combinations these colorful flowers, June and, will add freshness and color, highlight bright accent planting junipers or thuja. And even the smallest courtyard will be transformed, it is worth putting one of the wonderful undersized Dianthus hybrids planted in a garden flowerpot at the porch.

The carnation perennial herbaceous plant belongs to the clove family of the same name. And in the original language it sounds like " divine flower". Its homeland is the Mediterranean. The plant reaches up to 75 cm in height. The knotty stems of some species have a pale blue tint. Their length is about 13 cm.

Wide color palette includes all known shades, with the exception of blue. Petals of hybrid species are colored in two contrasting colors. The flower is small, no more than 4 cm in diameter. Most often they are collected in single inflorescences, less often in a complex umbrella. Flowering is long: from late spring to mid-autumn. Bright fragrant flowers not only serve as a decoration for landscape design, but are also actively used in folk medicine, as a medicine and in cooking, as a spice. In general, the plant is unpretentious, but some species are quite capricious.

Use in landscape design

A multifunctional perennial is used everywhere:

• flower beds;

With a carnation, it extraordinary diversifies the summer terrace and recreation area. In bright lush carnations, it is appropriate to look among the stones. Flower islands help to preserve the decorative effect for a long time personal plot. A scattering of colorful carnations is not only a beautiful sight, but also a pleasant aroma. By evening, it becomes more pronounced and creates an exotic atmosphere.

Combination with other plants

Carnation is a regular participant in many flower gardens. It can be a full-fledged element of both group and solo landing. When combining with other cultures, it is necessary to take into account the color combination. Variegated color harmonizes with neutral shades. More restrained garden plantings create a beautiful ensemble with a bright "divine flower". The most popular "neighbors":

• two-color ragwort;
• yarrow;
• gypsophila;

Bearded ones are just made for flowerbeds with feathery carnation leaves. Their sky blue color goes well with the violet-yellow "cockerel" palette. Do not plant a spicy representative of the flora next to. The latter can cause damage to clove diseases.

flower reproduction

Experienced gardeners advise planting carnations as often as possible. Some species cannot boast of a long lifespan and adorn the garden for only 3-4 years. Perennial representatives also require constant updating. After 2-3 years, they begin to lose their decorative effect: the bush is spreading and “balding”.

cuttings

This is the most popular, simple and effective way. It is suitable for most species, with rare exceptions (annual species). planting material at first it develops in perlite or calcined sand. This choice is explained by the desire to protect the young plant from various fungal diseases.

The best period for breeding in this way is May, early June. At this time, you can easily distinguish between a vegetative shoot and a peduncle. Planting material should be 4-8 cm in length. Each variety has its own requirements, but 2 leaves should be in any case. Cuttings are cut at an acute angle. On an adult plant, the place must be immediately processed wood ash. The lower leaves are removed.

Using a sharp knife, it is necessary to make oblong cuts on the bottom of the division. With this part, the cuttings are placed in a container with a substrate. The container is covered with glass or film. This creates a greenhouse effect and provides the necessary moisture. If reproduction occurs on a large scale, then pots with cuttings are stored in a greenhouse without heating. If possible, a mist-forming device is used. Soil heating is not required. The root system appears after 3-4 weeks.

layering

If the species has long vegetative shoots, then they can be bred in this way. To this end sharp knife an incision is made on the lower part of the stem, the depth is for the entire thickness. This part of the internode is bent to the soil, fixed with special brackets and sprinkled with a layer of earth. The soil is constantly moistened. After the formation of a separate root system, green shoots appear from this tubercle of the earth. This serves as a signal to separate young plant from maternal.

By dividing the bush

This method is used only for some species that form a turf of fast-rooting shoots. Mainly for the bearded carnation. The procedure is carried out in March-April. This will make it possible to enjoy flowering in the same season.

seeds

Best used for biennial and annual species. By purchasing seeds in special stores, you can find out in advance what type and color the crop will have. Sowing takes place in a container with sandy soil. The best time to do this is in March. For rapid germination, it is important to provide a favorable temperature (15-19 degrees). Seedlings are fragile. Transplanted into separate pots when at least 3 pairs of leaves appear. They dive very carefully. In open ground, carnations are transferred to the next year, in the spring.

It is better not to sow seeds immediately in open ground. Slow growth and particular fragility can cause growth retardation or even death of seedlings. Weak seedlings are unable to resist weeds and other factors.

Planting and plant care

Site selection, soil preparation

For active growth and lush flowering requires open, sunny areas. The area in the lowland is categorically not suitable: there most often stagnation of melt and rainwater occurs. An excess of shade and moisture can lead the perennial to death.

The most suitable soil sandy or loamy with a neutral reaction. If the acidity exceeds allowable norms, but its level is lowered by adding to the soil dolomite flour. To make the earth loose, peat and sand are poured into the hole.

Culture needs loose and light soil. To do this, gardeners regularly loosen the soil, preventing the formation of an earthen crust around the bush. Carry out the procedure one day after watering. Using special tool carefully, so as not to damage the root system, loosen the ground. At this point, you need to remove the weeds.

Feeding and watering

Pure nitrogen fertilizers and manure are contraindicated for carnations. This can lead to the development of many unpleasant diseases. carnation it is necessary to feed with a complex mixture containing potassium.

Watering is recommended to ensure frequent, but moderate. The next watering is carried out only after the upper layers of the soil have dried out from the previous one. You can water rarely, but plentifully. Moisture in no case should not fall on the flowers.

Diseases and pests

If created for garden planting favorable conditions and the landing site is correctly chosen, then diseases and insects do not cause him problems. The development of diseases in the open field is facilitated by crowded sowing, an excess of moisture and nitrogen fertilizer, lack of potassium. More painful greenhouse representatives. Bacterial diseases transmitted through cuts or other damage to the stem.

The fungus may appear due to the unsuccessful "neighborhood" with tulips.

Pruning and support

Faded buds must be removed to stimulate the growth of new shoots. To make the bush voluminous and dense, you can pinch the stems. For tall varieties, it is important to provide support. This will help the representative of the flora withstand the weight of flowering buds.

Among gardeners, Turkish cloves are very popular. Love for her is explained by her unpretentiousness, the duration of flowering and a very bright color. Plants are exclusively decorative. To get such beauty, cultivation and care must be literate.

Carnation bearded, or Turkish (Dianthus barbatus)- This is a perennial plant from the clove family, but cultivated in gardens as biennial plant. In the first year, it forms a lush rosette of medium-sized elongated leaves. In the second year, each plant produces straight stems up to 60 cm high. Numerous medium-sized flowers up to 2 cm in diameter are formed at the top of the stem, collected in corymbose inflorescences.

Currently, many forms and varieties of cloves are known. Low, dwarf varieties 15–20 cm high are grown for spring decoration flower beds, for balconies and windows, and high - for cutting.

Flowers of various colors, simple and double, with a weak aroma. This carnation is valued for its bright pure colors (white, pink, red, velvety black, etc.) and early flowering. It blooms in June, when letniki have not yet bloomed and fills the gap in the cut material. Turkish cloves have a very delicate aroma.

Growing Turkish Cloves

Growing conditions, soil. Turkish carnation grows well and blooms in sunny areas, but also withstands partial shade. It is not very demanding on the soil, but grows especially well on rich loamy or sandy loamy soils with a sufficient amount of lime.

Therefore, in order to obtain a long and abundant flowering in the preparation of the soil, it is necessary to apply per 1 sq. meter at least 5 kg of humus, and on heavy clay soils, another 1 bucket of peat chips and coarse-grained river sand.

The cultivation of Turkish cloves

These flowers can be propagated mainly by seeds, but can also be propagated by dividing the bush and green cuttings.

Reproduction by seeds. At seed method planting goes directly to open ground or grow seedlings. For those who want to get flowering in the year of planting, the seedling method is suitable.

Seeds must be scattered over the surface and sprinkled with sand. Then pour and cover with film or glass. Optimum temperature for growing +18°С. After two true leaves appear, the seedlings should be planted in individual containers.

With the onset of stable heat, the hardened seedlings are planted in open ground. The planting scheme is 30x30 cm, taking into account the fact that the plant grows strongly, filling the entire area.

Important! When propagated by seeds in varieties of Turkish carnation with double flowers, most of the plants are obtained with ordinary flowers, therefore, in order to obtain a homogeneous material, it is better to propagate valuable varieties with green cuttings.

cuttings. Propagation by cuttings is carried out in early June. They are taken about 5-7 cm long from those stems that do not bloom. They should have 2-3 knots. Cuttings should be dug in containers with loose soil until roots form. Subsequently, they are carefully transplanted into the soil.

By early August, young plants develop small, dense rosettes of leaves. They dive to a permanent place in August at a distance of 20–30 cm from each other. Picking is best done in the evening, after 18 hours, or in cloudy weather. After picking, the seedlings are again protected by covering material.

Reproduction by division. We divide the bushes every spring. Since the plantings thicken in summer, they need to be seated. Dig up a bush, carefully cut it into several sections and plant it according to the 30x30 cm scheme.

Reproduction by layering. The variety of carnation that you like is often propagated by layering in July-August. To do this, bend the shoots to the ground, secure with hairpins, tie to a peg and sprinkle with soil. Within 2-3 weeks, roots appear in the nodes, and after some time, shoots and leaves. In autumn, rooted shoots should be cut off from the mother plant and planted.

Turkish clove care

Plant care is normal. Turkish carnation safely winters when it has taken root well, therefore it is undesirable to be late with planting seedlings in a permanent place. But for the winter they still need to be covered with coniferous spruce branches or dry leaves, and with the onset of winter, also with snow.

Sometimes plants emerging from under the snow have grayish-white leaves. But in further plants recover quickly, and good care it does not affect their development at all.

Usage

Turkish carnation is widely used in ground plantings, for borders along paths and for cutting - cut inflorescences are very well and long preserved in water. It can be successfully planted in a flowering state in pots and used to decorate rooms, loggias and balconies.

"Ural Gardener" No. 22, 2017

Photo: Rita Brilliantova, Maxim Minin

The flower, which will be discussed in the article, translated from Latin sounds like “flower of Zeus”, or “divine flower”. For many nations, it is a symbol of valor and courage, tenderness and love, a talisman and a talisman against evil forces. It is familiar to us as a flower of official holidays, a male flower, probably because of its strict and concise, but elegant form. All this is about him, or rather, about her, such a familiar and unknown, easily recognizable and at the same time a delightfully different beautiful carnation!

Despite the fact that most of us know carnation as a cut crop, there are many garden species and varieties in its arsenal that can make our flower garden indescribably attractive. This is a very common and beloved garden culture, which is understandable. Spectacular double and non-double flowers of various colors, wonderful aroma, long flowering and unpretentious care are just a small part of its advantages.

AT wild nature different kinds carnations have a wide distribution area - from steppes and flat meadows to grassy mountain slopes and rocky mounds. This is probably why this flower is also popularly called stars, sparks and field dawns. Also, do not confuse cloves with a well-known spice, these are different plants. Carnation spice is the fruit of the clove tree, and with the carnation flower, it has in common only the name, and, perhaps, some similarity in aromas.

Do not confuse cloves with a well-known spice, they are different plants. Carnation spice is the fruit of the clove tree, and with the carnation flower, it has only a name in common.

So, carnation (lat. Dianthus) is a genus of perennial herbaceous plants and shrubs from the clove family, widespread throughout Europe, as well as in Asia, Africa and North America. Today, there are approximately 350 species in the world and great amount great varieties. Tall varieties of large-flowered forms are often grown for cutting, and medium and short ones - as a garden ornamental crop. Some types of carnations are cultivated as annuals and biennials, others are grown as perennials.

Carnations are characterized by a smooth knotted stem, grassy or semi-lignified, located oppositely elongated leaves of a green, gray or bluish hue. Flowers solitary or collected in inflorescences, small or relatively large, simple or double, with fringed or smooth petals, depending on the species. There are not only red or white carnations, but also yellow, pink, cream, purple.

Some varieties have flowers with colored strokes and dots, a contrasting border. The fruit of the clove is a box with many small black seeds. Different species and varieties differ significantly in the height of the peduncle, the shape and size of the flowers, in the timing and duration of flowering, as well as in the conditions of detention.

In the wild, various types of carnations have a wide distribution area - from steppes and flat meadows to grassy mountain slopes and rocky mounds.

And it should be noted that the species and varietal diversity of this plant is so large that it could become the material for a separate book. Therefore, within the framework of this article, we will consider only a few of the most famous types of cloves.

Carnation garden, or Dutch (D. caryophyllus)

Carnation garden, or Dutch, is a perennial herb, usually cultivated as a biennial. The tallest (up to 80 cm) of all types of carnations. Large, often double flowers can be located both singly and be collected in inflorescences. Prefers fertile moist soils. On the basis of garden cloves, many spectacular varieties have been bred, and the most famous of them are Shabo and Grenadine cloves.

Carnation Shabo(Dianthus caryophyllus var.scabaud) is one of the most famous varieties, bred in the 19th century by the French pharmacist Chabot, whose name this magnificent flower received. This is a small compact shrub with a height of 30 to 60 cm, with cranked stems, leaves with a bluish bloom and double or simple large flowers - up to 7 cm in diameter. The color scheme leaves room for imagination - the buds are red, white, pink, purple, yellow flowers. Remontant variety, flowering lasts almost all summer, from late June to late autumn.

Carnation Grenadine(Dianthus caryophyllus var. grenadine) - a spectacular plant with stems up to 70 cm high. Leaves with a silvery tint. The flowers are large, are both simple and double, some with fringed edges. The flower has a pleasant strong aroma. The color scheme is very diverse, and the flowers themselves are white, red, pink, both plain and variegated. Blooms from late June to August. Ideal for cutting, the carnation can stand in a vase for about ten days. In the garden, it will decorate lawns, mixborders, rockeries. light-loving plant, prefers moist fertile soils without stagnant moisture.

clove grenadine

Turkish carnation (Dianthus barbatus)

Turkish carnation, or bearded, is the most popular garden plant, which can be found in almost every second garden. And this is understandable! After all, the Turkish carnation has very spectacular flowers, moreover, it has a long flowering - for a month and a half, starting from mid-June. It is a perennial plant, usually grown as a biennial. It grows in the form of small bushes 20–35 cm tall, and in the first year only a rosette of flowers appears, and the plant blooms in the second year, in June. Large inflorescences-shields, resembling caps, have a diameter of up to 12 cm and consist of terry or simple small flowers of various colors with a diameter of 1 cm. - or tricolor, with a border or eye. Turkish cloves have a very delicate aroma.

This carnation is able to grow not only in the sun, but also in partial shade. Pretty cold hardy. There are two varieties of Turkish carnation - undersized and tall (15–20 cm and 60–80 cm, respectively).

most popular and decorative varieties:

- a medium-sized bush with charming dark flowers with a snow-white center.
- a plant 45 cm high with delightful large inflorescences of deep red color with a white eye.
- a carnation 50 cm high with luxurious large white inflorescences, it is distinguished by the duration of flowering.

Chinese carnation (Dianthus chinensis)

Herbaceous perennial, often grown as an annual or biennial. It grows in the form of a small bush up to 50 cm high. Dwarf forms reach 15 cm. It grows naturally in Korea, Mongolia and northern China, as ornamental plant cultivated throughout the world. The leaves are narrow, long, paired, pointed, sometimes twisting. Over the years of breeding, many spectacular varieties have been bred with bright flowers- white, crimson, lilac, red, purple, which open throughout the season. Flowers are monochromatic, bicolor and variegated, with a contrasting border and eye. Petals serrated, sometimes fringed. There are terry, semi-double and non-double varieties. The flowering period is almost all summer, from June to August. There are remontant, continuously flowering varieties, there are varieties that bloom once.

carnation chinese

Due to the compact root system, undersized bushes Chinese carnation can be successfully grown not only in the garden, but also at home on balconies, in pots and containers.

Carnation Chinese Geddeviga(Dianthus chinensis var. heddewigii) is a variety of Chinese carnation. A very decorative plant 20–40 cm high, with large flowers up to 5–7 cm in diameter, monophonic or two-, three-color, white, red, pink, lilac. Flowering is from July to October.

- a particularly compact variety, plants no more than 20 cm in height. The flowers are purple-pink in color, the flowering period is long.
- bushes up to 30 cm high, flowers of red and pink colors are interspersed with white zones.
Diana – unpretentious variety, a plant of small height with a variety of colors of flowers - white, red, raspberry, etc.

Carnation grass (Dianthus deltoides)

This type of carnation is quite widespread throughout Europe in the wild. A small perennial plant, 15–25 cm tall, forms a dense above-ground cover, which during flowering is covered with a spectacular scattering of delicate flowers 1.5 cm in size, red, crimson, crimson, carmine or white with a pink border. The leaves of this carnation are small, narrow, dark green in color. Blooms profusely and for a long time, about 2 months, blooms in June. Gives abundant self-seeding.

carnation grass

In horticulture, grass grass is often used as a groundcover, and it also looks great in rockeries. At the moment, many varieties of this carnation have been bred with different colors of flowers, differing in the timing and duration of flowering.

Popular varieties:

- an elegant carnation with white flowers that look like stars. Blooms throughout the summer.
- a plant 20-25 cm high with bright crimson flowers, flowering continues from June to August.
- shoot height 15–30 cm, five-petal white flowers with a pink center.

Carnation pinnate (Dianthus plumaris)

unpretentious grassy decorative perennial with knotty stems about 30 cm high, one of the most popular types of carnation in gardening. Fragrant flowers of medium size, about 3 cm, can be simple and double, a variety of colors - from white to dark red. Blooms in May, flowering lasts about a month. There are also remontant varieties, blooming in autumn again.

Popular varieties:

- carnation with very beautiful double flowers of dark pink color.
- Terry white flowers 3-4 cm in size, leaves with a bluish tinge.
Sonata- a variety with double flowers of pink and raspberry color. Blooms from July to September.

Sand carnation (Dianthus arenarius)

A perennial plant 10–30 cm high has numerous shoots and forms dense sods. Stems are green or gray. The flowers are solitary, about 2.5 cm in size, the petals are white or pink, dissected, like a fringe, have pleasant aroma. Blooms in June - July.

Under natural conditions, sand cloves can be found in sandy meadows or in pine forests.

popular variety Nostalgia- miniature bushes with numerous wonderful white flowers resembling a white cloud.

Alpine carnation (Dianthus alpinus)

Another species related to undersized carnations. Plant height - 10-25 cm, fragrant flowers white, pink, crimson flowers, with a red circle in the middle. Petals are toothed. Blooms in June - July. Since the homeland of the plant is the Eastern Alps, alpine carnation grows well on rocky areas, on rocky screes. In the garden, of course, they will feel great in rockeries and alpine slides.

Popular varieties:

Rubin- a variety with charming flowers of pink, raspberry or lilac shades. Blooms in June - July, may re-bloom in August.
weiss- a plant 15–25 cm high with snow-white flowers with jagged petals, blooms almost all summer, may re-bloom in August.

Optimal Growing Conditions

A huge number of species and varieties of this flower (we tried to describe some of them in a nutshell above) makes it clear that each of them has its own characteristics of cultivation and care. But still there are some general rules that can be attributed to almost all carnations.

Place. If you want to achieve lush flowering from your carnation, you need to plant it in open, well-lit sunny places.

The soil. Carnations love fertile loamy well-drained soil, do not tolerate stagnant moisture.

Watering. Carnations should be watered regularly and plentifully, but waterlogging should not be allowed. When watering, avoid getting water on flowering buds.

Fertilizers. Plants are responsive to fertilizing with mineral fertilizers. During the season they are fed twice or thrice: a month after planting, in the budding phase and during flowering.

Care. Carnation is a non-capricious plant and, as a rule, caring for it is not difficult. You should regularly destroy weeds, loosen the soil after rains. Faded buds must be removed in a timely manner.

Periodic pinching stimulates tillering. To obtain larger buds, stepchildren should be removed in the axils of the leaves. Tall varieties need support so that they are not bent or broken by the wind.

Reproduction. Carnation is propagated by seeds and vegetatively - cuttings or layering. As a rule, perennial varieties are vegetatively propagated, with annuals it does not make sense. Carnations should be propagated regularly, since many species are juveniles, and even perennial varieties lose their decorative effect in the 3rd–4th year.

Carnation in a garden landscape

Carnations are flowers that will look great in a vase, and in a separate flower garden, and in overall design garden. Huge range of varieties different sizes, shapes and colors opens up wide possibilities for using carnations in the planning of flower beds, rock gardens, rockeries, flower beds, allows you to create various forms of landscape.

Low-growing perennials are used in the design of garden paths, they make spectacular borders. The lights of carnation flowers look great and surrounded by stones on an alpine hill and in rockeries. With the help of carnations, you can very effectively arrange steps or plant flowers between stone slabs.

Bright colorful carnation flowers will look amazing against the backdrop of green lawns. Some types of carnation, such as clove grass, can be used as ground cover. A compact root system allows you to grow individual varieties of carnations not only in open ground, but also in tubs, boxes, planters, with which you can decorate gazebos and outdoor terraces in an original way.

Tall varieties are often grown for cutting, but they will also fit perfectly into any flower garden, they will look great in separate landings. Solid varieties look spectacular and paired with roses, and against the backdrop of conifers.

The space for using carnations in a garden landscape is very wide and largely depends on your imagination!

In a word, the space for using carnations in the garden landscape is very wide and largely depends on your imagination! It should only be remembered that carnations can easily cross-pollinate with each other, so it is advisable to grow different varieties in isolation from each other.

If your garden does not yet have these wonderful delicate flowers, you should definitely get them. Indeed, among the many spectacular species and varieties of carnations, each gardener will be able to choose a plant to his liking, which will ideally fit into the appearance of the garden and add bright summer colors to it, giving himself and the world a drop of harmony and beauty. Bright carnations are the best fit for the definition of "summer flowers", which are not yet so common on summer cottages. So why not become a trendsetter in garden fashion, at least within your dacha? Inspiration to you!

The origin, properties of Turkish cloves (Dianthus barbatus) are surrounded by many legends, beliefs different peoples. After all, it grows in the mountains of southern Europe, in many places in Asia in the wild. Since the 16th century, the Turkish carnation has spread widely as a garden plant in Europe. Compared to wild plants, cultivated varieties are superior in their multicolor and decorative effect.

The flower of the gods, divine - this is how the name of the carnation is translated from Latin. And it is also called the flower of Zeus - the highest deity ancient Greek mythology. For the inhabitants of ancient Hellas, the carnation symbolized a particle of the human heart, love, fidelity, constancy, kindness, justice. They believed that the carnation brings victory in battles. Christian legend says that during the execution of Jesus Christ, the tears of the Virgin Mary falling to the ground began to grow in marvelous flowers.

The Russian name "carnation" comes from Polish word"carnation". The last name is borrowed from the German language, which reflected its aroma, reminiscent of the smell of oriental spices - dried clove buds.

The British call this species Sweet William for the sweet taste of the inflorescences. In France in the 18th century, the carnation became the flower of the revolution, and those sentenced to death held it close to their hearts even on the scaffold. In the USA, this is the main gift for Mother's Day, the embodiment of fiery maternal love. In many countries, these multi-colored flowers are considered healing, talismans of travelers.

Dianthus barbatus is a member of the clove family and loves temperate climates. Unlike Chinese carnation (Dianthus chinensis), Turkish carnation is a frequent inhabitant of flower beds, front gardens of garden plots.

She, like her Chinese relative, in the first year of life forms only bushes with rosettes of leaves. From the second, it begins to simultaneously throw out flower stalks and additional rosettes of leaves. This allows her to bloom in all its glory up to 4 years. However, flower growers, summer residents, and residents of private houses often grow these cultivated garden varieties as biennials.

Small flowers form umbrellas with lush fragrant bright inflorescences up to 15 cm in diameter. They are located on each stalk. The flowers have 4 bracts with a beard-like shaggy border around the edges. They gave her the name "bearded".

Turkish carnation has a huge variety of colors of single and double flowers. They can be red, crimson, burgundy, pink, white or variegated with different shades, patterns in the form of borders, spots, strokes. Inflorescences with a very delicate aroma resemble large caps on stems with leaves that can also be painted in different colors. Probably, this bright color scheme of the petals is also associated with the ornament on Turkish carpets…

Species and varieties with photos

Around 400 grow worldwide. different types carnations with inflorescences of different complexity. There are about a hundred garden forms alone. The conditional criterion for determining the variety is the height of the stem, namely:

1. Low-growing - up to 20 cm. Most often used as ground cover, balcony plants. Look great in rock gardens, bouquets.
2. Tall - up to 80 cm. Due to their strong stems, they are often used for growing in beds and storing as cut flowers.

Among the tall Turkish carnations, the following varieties are very popular:

Thanks to the efforts of breeders, new varieties are also appearing, hybrids with variegated colors and plain ones. Among them, it is worth noting the Scarlet Queen, Bayerr, the White Queen, Vice Reisen, the Red Monarch, Kupferrot, Summer Beauty, Mirage, Newport Pink, Color Pattern, etc.

Growing turkish cloves from seeds

Breeding these flowers is not difficult, especially compared to the joy of contemplation in your beds or at home. It is grown, most often, with the help of seedlings. The main thing here is to choose the right soil mixture and a place for planting seedlings. We suggest that you first get acquainted with the main points of preparing the soil for growing seedlings and caring for it before planting in a permanent place of "residence".

For repeated, more radical steaming, a grate with frozen and still wrapped soil is hung over a bucket of water put on fire. This procedure takes at least one and a half hours. After the contents of the bag have completely cooled down, you can start using it.

This simple process is almost similar to sowing the seeds of many crops. For planting, a container with holes at the bottom is prepared in advance, where a drainage layer of fine gravel or river sand is laid. After that, the soil is placed in a container, slightly moistened, seeds are sown in rows. They are deepened into the ground by no more than 1 cm. The distance between them in the row-spacing should be 15-20 cm.

The entire planting is lightly sprinkled with sand, sprayed with water. room temperature and placed under a film or any non-woven material. The optimal period for this is March-April in the evening.

Sowing clove seeds for seedlings: video

Successful cultivation of Turkish carnation seedlings involves the following sequence of work:

• Place a container with future seedlings in a semi-shady warm place (up to + 18 ° C).
• Moderate watering.
• Moving the container to a brighter and cooler place (up to +12 ° C) when the first shoots appear after 10-14 days. If necessary, until mid-March, additional uniform lighting should be provided.
• Dive when the first pair of true leaves appear in separate containers. If growing seedlings in a container continues, then the distance between seedlings should be at least 7 cm, and between rows - 15 cm. This is done about 20 days after planting the seeds in dim light, on a cloudy day or in the evening. After picking, the seedlings are covered again with the same materials as when planting seeds.
• Pinching at the point of growth of seedlings in the presence of 5 "adult" leaves.
• Hardening of seedlings from mid-April (periodic placement on fresh air in the absence of frost and drafts).
• Planting strengthened seedlings from the end of May on beds with a distance of up to 30 cm from each other.

It is interesting to know that seeds that can tolerate winter well can be planted even in winter. The plants grown at this time are stored in separate pots, and in the spring in the right time transplanted into open ground.

For transplantation, sunny or shaded areas with fertile soil are selected. Super sandy or loamy soil is fertilized with rotted humus, compost, ash, etc. This is done on the eve of digging to a depth of about 20 cm a couple of weeks before the "relocation" of seedlings. After that, it is loosened, leveled, watered and covered with a dense plastic film for 14 days until planting.

There is a classic for Turkish carnation planting pattern between plants and rows: 20x35. It allows the bushes to take root in the first year of life even before the cold weather, and after the onset of heat, to grow evenly and luxuriantly. Neglect of this scheme can provoke the death of plants and not see them bloom in the second year of life.

In order to admire this beauty, it is also very important to properly care for the plant during summer development, wintering and in the second year of its life.

To achieve the desired results, it is important to follow several rules of agricultural technology for Turkish cloves, namely:

• Watering carried out no more than 2 times a week. After all, carnations of all kinds do not tolerate waterlogging, stagnant water. During a drought, however, you should increase the frequency of moisture, checking the condition of the soil. Watering is done not from above, but only under the root. When moisture gets on the leaves, the inflorescences can fade in the sun, irrevocably wither.
• loosening should be regular after each wetting to avoid the formation of a crust, cracking of the earth
• Weeding and weeding important for the full development of young plants. They are carried out both during loosening, and in the intervals between them when unnecessary vegetation is found. This is especially true during the initial growth of the bushes. As they grow, the carnation, creating its dense carpet on the soil, will be able to restrain the development of weeds.
• top dressing held 3 times per season. The first in the form of nitrogen-containing fertilizers is necessary in the spring for the active growth of young shoots. The second with the help of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is needed during budding. The last top dressing is required at the end of flowering.

Growing Turkish cloves: video

Despite its unpretentiousness, Turkish cloves, like other horticultural crops, are exposed to unwanted external pests and soil inhabitants.

From early spring, a young flower is at risk of becoming prey to rodents, and in summer it may suffer from root-knot nematodes. In the latter case, the lesion is accompanied by fading, deformation of the leaves, and stunting of the entire plant. This problem is eliminated by destroying the affected bushes, disinfecting the earth.

Untimely fight against fusarium leads to the defeat of the carnation, starting with the withering and death of the stems, up to its complete destruction. This disease, which can be caused by fresh manure, cannot be cured. As a preventive measure, it is necessary to disinfect the soil three times a season with a solution of potassium permanganate.

The formation on the shoots, leaves of yellow pads signals fungal disease- rust. Soil treatment with lime or hominium solutions helps to cure it.

For insect control spider mite, gorac elephant, aphid), which gnaw through the leaves and suck the juices from the stems, are used folk remedies. To process the plant, infusions of onion peel, potato tops with the addition of liquid soap are often used.

The variety of flowers with stems of different heights allows you to "play" with these features when creating landscape design. Undersized Turkish carnation is widely used in the design of bright spectacular borders, alpine slides, sidewalks, garden paths. Retaining walls are decorated with tall flowers. Variegated flowers with single-color scarlet geraniums bring variety to landscape compositions.

Variations of the combination of a low divine carnation with other colors are also interesting. For example, its bright pink, red tones look elegant together with graceful gypsophila, prickly cleoma, girlish feverfew. And the light colors of undersized carnations are in harmony with sage, Carpathian bell, black damask.

Varied in color tall varieties as if set off the tenderness of escholzia, scarlet lychnis, lupine.

flower arrangements Turkish carnations of different sizes look very impressive surrounded by other hydrangeas, nasturtiums, and marigolds rich in inflorescences and colors. However, the neighborhood with dahlias, gladioli, tulips is less suitable for this beauty.

However, the use of Turkish carnations in the design of living space can only be limited by your imagination. And comprehending the basics of its cultivation will help to feel the taste for this creativity.