Alphabet physalis white lilies which means. Physalis or Chinese lanterns. Features of growing ornamental physalis

Physalis (Physalis)

Family: Solanaceae

Physalis is often used in compositions designed to decorate the interior, including dried flowers. The bright orange color and the spectacular appearance of "flashlights" have earned this plant the love of both gardeners and florists.

Physalis: botanical description

Physalis Franchet (Ph. franchetii) is most often found in culture - a perennial herbaceous plant, which is often cultivated as an annual. Its angularly curved stems reach a height of 70-90 cm. The leaves are oval, expanded at the base, 12-15 cm long. Nondescript whitish single flowers with a diameter of about 3 cm are formed in the axils of the leaves.

The decorativeness of the physalis appears after it has faded, when the calyx of the flower grows and turns orange-red, becoming similar to Chinese paper lantern up to 5 cm in diameter. About 10-15 such “lanterns” are formed on one shoot, inside which are the fruits of physalis - small, cherry-shaped, orange-red berries.

Physalis: floristic description

Physalis belongs to the group of plants of medium importance. In floristry, stems with yellow-orange lantern-like cups are commonly used. Good in autumn and Christmas arrangements. Overgrown cups have an interesting texture and are often used for work in the material transformation technique. The berries inside the calyx are orange or yellow color, round in shape and smooth in texture - also a good floristic material.

Physalis is well preserved. Gathered at the stage of ripened fruits, decorative cups are dried on the stem.

Dear gardeners! I want to get physalis, solely from the beauty of orange boxes that open into a strange flower. I have not tried physalis berries. I would like to know your opinion about this culture.

I post everything that I found about physalis in the internet.

Physalis (Physalis)

Description

Physalis is the largest member of the nightshade family, often compared to a tomato. This is a perennial herbaceous plant up to 1 m high with a lignified stem at the base. Distinctive feature of all types of physalis is a fruit-berry, enclosed in a sheath-case, similar to a paper Chinese lantern.

This cap is formed by fused sepals, which grow noticeably faster than the fruit; when fully ripe, its color changes. Physalis flowers are yellow, orange, rarely white, sometimes lilac. The fruit is a fleshy yellow-green or yellow-orange berry, similar to a tomato, tasting from very pleasant to burning bitter. Among the many forms and types of physalis, there are two of its edible forms - vegetable and strawberry.

Popular names: emerald berry, earthy cranberry, bubble cherry, sleepy grass, purse, dog cherries, Jewish apple, sleepy dope.

Spreading

This plant is found in light forests, on the edges, in ravines, among bushes, as a weed in gardens, in kitchen gardens. In many places, physalis has been introduced into cultivation as a vegetable or ornamental plant.

Physalis is widely distributed in Iraq, Bulgaria, the Baltic states, the Caucasus, Central Asia. In our country, the most famous representative of this plant is a decorative Chinese lantern (or immortelle), its fruits are inedible and even toxic.

Application

Edible varieties of physalis have been used both in cooking and in medicine. Fruits are used to make jam, make fillings for pies, candied fruits, prepare sauces, marinades, pickles, and berry varieties, which have a high dry matter content and sugar content, are dried for raisins, which almost do not differ from the real one. Physalis juice as a seasoning is added to meat and fish. From boiled physalis fruits obtained great decoration for cakes.

Beneficial features

All parts of physalis contain many biologically active substances. Carbohydrates, sugars, pectins, organic acids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, tannins, micro and macro elements were found in fruits. The leaves contain carotenoids, esters, steroids, cholesterol, phenolcarbolic acids, flavonoids. Alkaloids were found in the roots, and fatty oil was found in the seeds.

Physalis fruits have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, analgesic, diuretic, choleretic effects. Fresh fruits and juice from them are used for diseases of the respiratory tract, hypertension, dermatoses, dysentery. An aqueous infusion or decoction of the fruit is used for cystitis, urolithiasis, hepatitis, bronchitis, edema, ascites, gout, rheumatism, bruises.

A decoction of the roots is used as an antitussive, analgesic. Tea made from dried leaves and cases of physalis is useful for hypertension.

Attention! Physalis, which grows wild in central Russia, is unsuitable for food due to the high content of toxic substances.

How to plant and care

Physalis reproduces by seeds. You can sow them directly into the ground, but under conditions middle lane The plant is best grown through seedlings. It must be said that it is not entirely easy to find seeds of varietal berry physalis - their assortment is small and not very diverse. In addition, you cannot be sure that you bought exactly what you need - there is still some confusion with the names of many species and varieties of berry physalis (and, therefore, with seeds).

Growing physalis, take into account its size and ripening time. For example, physalis peruvian - the plant is vigorous (up to 2 m), heat- and light-loving. It takes 130-140 days from germination to the first harvest, so its seeds are sown for seedlings in mid-late February. On the permanent place(best in film greenhouse) the plant is transferred at the end of May. When picking and planting, it is desirable to deepen the seedlings to the bottom sheet. For 1 sq. m of land placed no more than two plants. When forming, pinch everything side shoots below the first button. Above the first bud, the plant is not pinched. Peruvian physalis is watered until the end of July in the same way as tomatoes: once every 6–7 days, in the late afternoon, avoiding water on the leaves. From the beginning of August, watering is stopped - so that the tops no longer grow and fruits are tied faster. Physalis is ripe if the "lanterns" turn yellow. Berries inside turn orange. From the bush, the fruits are separated with difficulty, you have to take up the knife. After collection, they are dried together with "flashlights" and stored in a well-ventilated place at a temperature of +1 to 15 °C. If everything is done correctly, the crop will be stored for several months.

At physalis raisin the fruits are smaller than those of the Peruvian (about 1–2 g), and the plant itself is undersized (up to 40 cm), unpretentious. The crop ripens 100–110 days after shoots appear, so seeds for seedlings are sown in mid-March. When picking, deepen to the cotyledons. to a permanent place, open ground, seedlings are transferred in late May - early June, preferably in a warm, sheltered place. For 1 sq. m placed 6-8 plants. Physalis raisin does without support; you don't need to generate it. Watered in the same way as Peruvian, the only difference is that watering is stopped in mid-August. Ripe fruits fall off the bush.

Overripe Physalis:

Very often, immature ones also fall off - they need to be held for 10-15 days in room conditions. At proper storage fruits will lie for 4-5 months. All physalis each year give abundant self-seeding and are able to spread throughout the site.

Water lily - a charming and delicate white water lily - is nothing more than the famous fairy tale grass. Rumor ascribes to her magical properties. She was endowed with the properties to protect people, she could give strength to overcome the enemy, protect from troubles and misfortunes, but she could also destroy the one who was looking for her with unclean thoughts.

The Slavs believed that the water lily was able to protect people from various troubles while traveling. Going to long way, people sewed leaves and flowers of water lilies into small bags, carried water lilies with them as an amulet and firmly believed that this would bring them good luck and protect them from misfortunes.

There was also a kind of spell on this occasion: "I'm going to open field, and in the open field the grass is growing. I didn't give birth to you, I didn't water you. You were born by mother-cheese earth, you were watered by bare-haired girls, cigarette-rolled women. Overcome-grass! If you had overcome the evil people: they would not have famously thought of me, they had not thought bad things; drive away the sorcerer-slander.

Overcome-grass! Overcome high mountains, low valleys, blue lakes, steep banks, dark forests, stumps and decks. I will hide you, overpowering grass, at the zealous heart all the way and all the way!
Folk names: grass overpower or white overpower, balabolka, swimmer, mermaid flower or mermaid color, water poppy or water poppy, bliskalka, beaver, white hens, water companion, water color, white water lily.
The pitcher is wonderful! This is one of the most beautiful plants. The white water lily has long been considered a symbol of beauty, purity and mercy. These large flowers with a golden mean grow in the still waters of our rivers and lakes. The water lily-nymphaeum is also called the "child of the sun": it beautiful flowers open in the morning and close at dusk.



"Blue lotus, or blue water lily (lat. Nymphaea caerulea) - aquatic plant of the Water Lily family, a species of the genus Water Lily growing in East Africa (from the Nile Valley to the extreme south of the continent), India and Thailand.

About the origin of this wonderful plant there are many legends. They say that she got her name in honor of the nymphs that live, like these plants in the water. As known from Greek mythology, nymphs are the deities of nature: forests, mountains, lakes, rivers and seas. No wonder the flowers named after them are beautiful. In Slavic fairy tales, the idea of ​​water lilies is associated with the mysterious image of a mermaid.

Scandinavian legends say that every water lily has its own friend - an elf, who is born with her, and dies with her. According to popular belief, nymphs live in its flowers and leaves along with little elves. Leaves and flowers serve as boats for these little elves.
Corollas of flowers serve the elves as both a home and a bell.

During the day, the elves sleep in the depths of the flower, and at night they swing the pestle and call, calling their brothers for a quiet conversation. Some of them sit in a circle on a leaf, hanging their legs into the water, while others prefer to talk, swaying in the corollas of water lilies.

Gathering together, they sit in capsules and row, row with petal oars, and the capsules then serve them as boats or boats. The conversations of the elves take place at a late hour, when everything on the lake has calmed down and plunged into a deep sleep.

Lake elves live in underwater crystal chambers built from shells. Pearls, yachts, silver and corals glisten around the halls. Emerald streams roll along the bottom of the lake, dotted with multi-colored pebbles, and waterfalls fall on the roofs of the halls. The sun shines through the water into these dwellings, and the moon and the stars call the elves to the shore.

Switzerland, Goldfish and Lily

The ancient Greek legend about the water lily tells how a beautiful white nymph, inflamed with love for Hercules and did not receive a response from him, turned into a white water lily out of grief and love for him.
AT Ancient Greece the flower was considered a symbol of beauty and eloquence. Young girls wove garlands from them, decorated their heads and tunics with them; they even wove a wreath of water lilies for the beautiful Helen on the day of her wedding to King Menelaus and decorated the entrance to their bedroom with a wreath.

The legend of the North American Indians says that the water lily appeared during the collision of the Polar and Evening Stars, from their sparks. These two stars argued among themselves who would get the arrow that the great Indian leader shot into the sky and collided in flight.

According to North German belief, water lilies grew on the site of two dead mermaids, who were killed by an evil nyx (in ancient German mythology - a mermaid) who lived in the lake.
In Germany, it was said that once a little mermaid fell in love with a knight, but he did not reciprocate her feelings. From grief, the nymph turned into a water lily.


"Nymphea Karelian"

According to another legend, water lilies are the children of a beautiful countess, carried away into mud by a swamp king. Heartbroken, the Countess went daily to the shore of the swamp. One day she saw a marvelous White flower, the petals of which resembled the complexion of her daughter, and the stamens - her golden hair.

There is a belief that nymphs (mermaids) hide in flowers and on the leaves of water lilies, and at midnight they begin to dance and drag people passing by the lake with them. If someone managed to somehow escape from them, then grief will dry him up later.

In the distant past, the entire coastal strip of Italy, from Pisa to Naples, was occupied by swamps. There, the legend of the beautiful Melinda and the king of the swamp was born. The legend that water lilies are the children of the beautiful blond Countess Melinda and the ugly, terrible swamp king who kidnapped her. Once upon a time, there was a beautiful Melinda.


on Yandex.Photos

And the swamp king followed her all the time. The king's eyes twinkled as he looked at beautiful girl, and although he was terrible as hell, he nevertheless became Melinda's husband, and a yellow capsule helped him get the beauty - the closest relative of the white water lily, personifying treason and deceit for a long time.
Walking with her friends by the swampy lake, Melinda admired the golden floating flowers, reached for one of them, stepped on the coastal stump, in which the lord of the bog hid, and he carried the girl to the bottom.


""scarlet flower"-2"

At the place of her death, snow-white flowers with a yellow core surfaced. So after the lilies-pods appeared water lilies-lilies, meaning in the ancient language of flowers: "You must never deceive me."


Water lilies, Nikitsky Botanical Garden, Crimea

The pod blooms from late May to August. At this time, next to the floating leaves, you can see large yellow, almost spherical flowers sticking high on thick pedicels.

The capsule has long been considered folk medicine medicinal plant. Both leaves were used, and a thick, up to 15 centimeters long, rhizome lying at the bottom, and large, well-smelling flowers reaching 5 centimeters in diameter.

They cut off the egg-pod and in order to decorate her dwelling with flowers. And in vain: the flowers of the capsule, like the white lily, do not stand in vases.


small egg

The white water lily is protected by law, as there are very few of them left in the reservoirs of rivers and lakes. The water lily blooms for a long time, from the end of May to August. White lily flowers open in the early morning and close in the late evening.



"Nymphaeums flaunt on our lake. They say that some enthusiast dived from a boat, planted ... Praise be to him. Far from the coast ... But away from vandals ..)))"

If you come early in the morning to the lake, you can observe how these flowers appear from the water. This is an unforgettable sight! Here, from the depths of the lake, something begins to rise, and a large bud appears on the surface.

In a matter of minutes, it turns into a beautiful white flower. There is another one nearby, a little further away ... It is surprising that the buds emerge just before sunrise, and open as soon as Sun rays touch the surface of the water.

You won't find them in the same position all day. From morning until evening, flowering water lilies follow the movement of the sun, turning the floating head towards its rays. At noon they open all their petals. Then their flowers begin to gradually close and the flower looks like an unopened bud.

And here an interesting thing happens: the closed flowers of the water lily begin to slowly sink into the water. These whip-stems, shortening, draw flowers behind them. Water lilies are very fond of the sun, clouds will come in a little and they will slowly begin to close.

The leaf of the water lily is floating like a raft, outwardly simple, heart-shaped and thick, like a flat cake; there are air cavities inside it, therefore it does not sink.


There is several times more air in it in order to hold its own weight, the excess of which is necessary for unforeseen accidents: if, say, a bird or a frog sits down, the sheet must hold them.

Physalis is the largest genus of plants in the Solanaceae family. Their greatest species diversity seen in Central and South America. They also grow throughout Russia, in Iraq, the Baltic states and the Caucasus. Among the people, physalis received the name - "Chinese lanterns". This poetic name they acquired for appearance fruits that are theirs" calling card". yellow berry or orange red, about the size of a small cherry, is enclosed in a bright orange shell resembling a paper lantern.

Physalis in bouquets and compositions

The decorative properties of physalis are fully manifested after its flowering, when the calyx gains maximum fullness and acquires the most saturated color. In floristry, physalis is considered a flower of medium importance. However, it creates an atmospheric charm for compositions in autumn style. It also gives originality and creativity to classical compositions. Physalis is often used as auxiliary material for creating original design. Overgrown cups have an interesting texture and are often used for work in the material transformation technique. Since physalis is a dried flower, it is used in interior compositions.

Physalis in cooking

The fruits of some varieties of physalis are edible. Allocate vegetable and berry types of physalis. Since physalis is a distant relative of tomatoes, it is used in the preparation of stews, hot sauces and marinated, but in fresh fruit vegetable physalis not tasty. Berry physalis is sweet, with a slight sourness, it tastes good both raw and cooked. It is unlikely that someone will be able to collect enough of these berries to make jam. Although they can make very tasty jams and marmalades. And some varieties are dried, getting sweet dried fruits from them. Added to apple and pear pies, physalis makes them taste brighter. In cooking, physalis is often used in decorative purposes. These small berries decorate confectionery. The main thing to remember is that unripe berries cannot be eaten, they are poisonous!

Many of you have often seen on sale branches with closed buds of an orange hue, similar to flowers and containing inside exotic berry. But not everyone knows what kind of plant it is and how to use it. This crop has the name "Physalis vulgaris". The plant grows in America, Africa, Mexico, as well as in the Caucasus and in some regions of Russia. Most often used in the form decorative element. Some varieties of physalis are used to prepare various dishes as a useful food additive. In this article, you will learn about the types and properties of this amazing plant, about how to grow it and what you can cook from it.

Description

Physalis fruit is shaped like a tomato small size and refers to nightshade crops. It may be orange, red, yellow or green color. The bud of the plant looks like a bell, and its name in ancient Greek means "bubble". And indeed, the petals of the flower, swollen from the inside and fused upward, look like a Chinese paper lantern. Biologists consider physalis a berry. A weighty argument for this statement is the high content of sugars in fruits.

By the way, not all varieties of physalis are edible. Vegetable and Peruvian (berry) varieties are suitable for consumption. For decorative purposes, common physalis is used, since its berries are not suitable for food. They have a bitter taste and, in addition, can be poisonous.

Popular varieties

In the world there are more than a hundred species of this representative of the Solanaceae genus. Before man became aware of useful qualities physalis, it was considered wild and weed. Cultivate and grow berries in our region began at the beginning of the century before last. The most common varieties that do not require complex care, consider berry and vegetable crops, as well as some ornamental shrubs.

Physalis vulgaris

This is a perennial decorative look plants reaching a height of more than half a meter. The bush has many flowers - "lanterns" of red, yellow or orange. On the garden plots and front gardens it is grown as an ornament. Common physalis begins to bloom in late spring, and the berries ripen only by September. This species differs from the edible culture in a rather bright and juicy color. It is unpretentious to calcareous soil and resistant to cold climates, so it takes root well in Russia. The most popular common physalis is the Franchet variety, from which original compositions are created to decorate rooms and houses.

sweet fruits

An annual culture that loves warmth and is sensitive to sudden changes in climate is the Peruvian physalis. During flowering, the bushes are covered with small and sweet fruits that can be eaten right there. Physalis berries are different palatability and are divided into several varieties:

• marmalade;
• dessert;
• strawberry;
• pineapple.

Peruvian varieties are consumed both fresh and processed. It is dried, jam, jam and marshmallow are prepared, added to pastries. Physalis juice is mixed into sauces for fish and meat dishes.

Variety of vegetable physalis

These shrubs are perennial and unpretentious to the composition of the soil. The fruits of these plant species are quite large and contain a lot of useful substances for the body. The taste is not as fragrant and tasty as berry varieties, and nevertheless, jams, jams, sauces, caviar are also prepared from vegetable physalis. A vegetable fruit can be colored not only brightly Orange color. But green physalis, and yellow, and even purple can grow. more resistant to weather changes and even ready for light frosts. Little susceptible to disease and immune to the effects of various small pests. The most common varieties are "Confectioner" and "Korolek". Mainly used in culinary pastries.

Is the plant useful?

by all useful properties physalis has a unique composition, which includes:

• pectins;
• alkaloids;
• glucose;
• acids;
• phytoncides;
• antioxidants;
• vitamins A, B, C;
• tannins;
• tannin and other elements that are no less useful for the body.

Possessing a low calorie value, fruits are recommended to be consumed during diets. The plant is also used in folk medicine as a diuretic, choleretic and anti-inflammatory agent. With it, you can get rid of edema, normalize kidney function. The use of physalis strengthens the immune forces of the body. In addition, pectin, which is part of the berry, improves intestinal motility, solving the problem of constipation.

In diseases of the respiratory system, physalis helps to get rid of sputum. It also helps reduce headache and joint pain. But people with high acidity of the stomach and with allergies to the fruits of the plant should stop using them.

Cultivation

Bushes propagate seed way or seedlings. It depends on the type of plant and climatic conditions terrain. Seeds of ornamental physalis are enough to be placed in the soil once. This plant is perennial and self-propagating. For the first sowing, the best quality seeds should be selected. Before planting, they are placed in a solution with salt and mixed. The material that has floated to the surface is removed, as this is a sign of its deterioration. Seeds ready for planting are disinfected and dried.

To get on time good harvest, the cultivation of vegetable physalis must begin with the calculation of the sowing time. Seedlings are prepared about 6-7 weeks before being placed in the ground. The culture grows best in a sunny area, bears fruit well and does not lose nutritional properties. It is better not to plant physalis in place of related crops, such as tomatoes, potatoes, peppers and eggplants - after these vegetables, the soil is usually very depleted, giving all the necessary minerals to the predecessors. As for sowing, due to the unpretentiousness of culture to weather conditions, seeds can be placed in the soil both in late autumn and early spring. It is recommended to sow thickly so that the sprouts are strong.

Recipes

After growing and harvesting, the question arises of what can be prepared from physalis. Consider a few popular recipes using this product.

Since physalis is considered a berry, dishes are prepared accordingly. For example, jam. To prepare it, you need ripe fruits. They need to be peeled, rinsed thoroughly and placed in sugar syrup(use half of the required sand for a certain amount of water). The mass should boil for about 5 minutes, then cool for 5-6 hours. After that, put the jam on the fire and add sugar in the same volume. Stir the mass for 10 minutes, then repeat the procedure. At the last stage, the jam must be heated again, brought to a boil and boiled for 15 minutes. Completely cooled jam should be placed in a prepared container, evenly distributing berries and syrup. Store the finished meal in a cool place. To make jam (based on 1 kg of fruit), you will need the same amount of sugar and half a liter of pure water.

From physalis you can also make a very tasty marshmallow. Before cooking, the berries are peeled, washed, blanched and cut into pieces. Then one kilogram of fruit is covered with half a kilogram of granulated sugar and left for 2-3 hours until the juice is released. After that, the mass is boiled for 10 minutes, rubbed through a sieve onto a baking sheet and placed in the oven to bake for 20 minutes. Then the baked sheet of berry mass is laid out on parchment paper and dried. The finished marshmallow can be rolled up and stored in the refrigerator for several months, cutting off a few slices as needed.

Physalis can also be used to make stews. In addition to 500 grams of berries, you will need 200 grams of carrots and onion, 50 g celery, 100 ml vegetable oil. Seasonings such as salt, pepper, garlic and laurel, add to taste. Mix all ingredients and fry until cooked. Serve the dish slightly chilled.

Now you all know about physalis: what can be prepared from this fruit, what types of it are known and how the plant is grown.