Joint operation of two boilers. Two boilers in the boiler room - how to connect - the pros and cons. We collect the boiler room from A to Z
Modernization of the heating system in a private house may require the installation of two boilers at once, connecting them to a common network. What sequence should be followed in this case? How to connect two boilers to one system, which must be taken into account if there is a need to share gas with solid fuel, electric boiler or heating equipment running on liquid fuel.
How to connect two boilers together?
Just want to clarify that just connect two boilers to different types fuel into one system is one of possible solutions lack of power problems installed equipment. It is also possible to connect more than two models to one network.For what purposes may it be necessary to connect two boilers to one system? There are several compelling reasons to justify this.
- Lack of power. Incorrect calculation of equipment or an additionally attached living area can lead to the fact that the boiler power may simply not be enough to maintain normal temperature coolant.
- Increase functionality. It may be necessary to connect two boilers to one system in order, for example, to increase the time battery life equipment. For example, if the main source of heat is a solid fuel boiler, then for its operation it is necessary to constantly add firewood, which is not always convenient, and even more so practical.
Installing after it an electric boiler or gas heater, this situation can be solved in the following way. As soon as the firewood or coal burns out and the coolant begins to cool down, additional heating equipment is switched on and continues to heat the room until the owner brings a new batch of firewood in the morning.
As you can see connect two heating boilers on different types of fuel, this is practical, in addition, it may be due to an urgent need associated with a lack of equipment performance.
How to connect two gas boilers in parallel
There are two schemes for connecting gas and any other water heating equipment. You can connect two boilers to one heating system:- Sequentially - in this case, one unit will be installed after another. In this case, the load will be distributed unevenly, since the main boiler will constantly operate at full capacity, which can lead to its rapid failure.
- Parallel. In this case, the heated area will be conditionally divided into two parts. Heating will be carried out immediately by two installed boilers. Parallel connection of two gas boilers is usually used in cottage houses and buildings with a large heated area.
For parallel connection it is obligatory to install a controller and also to develop a cascade control scheme. Only a competent specialist in each case can answer the question of how to connect two gas boilers.
How to connect two boilers - gas and solid fuel?
Combining gas and solid fuel boilers into one system is a simpler task, for which it is necessary to take into account the main features that distinguish the operation of these two types of equipment. Models of gas and solid fuel equipment can be installed sequentially in one network. In this case, TT boilers will play the role of the main source of heat supply.
The principle of their work will be that gas equipment will turn on for heating only if the operation of the main unit for some reason becomes impossible. Also, usually the task of heating water is assigned to a gas boiler, of course, if such a function is provided. When designing such a system, these features must be taken into account.
It will also be necessary to coordinate the selected scheme in the gas sector and get everything there necessary permissions, including specifications and connection project.
How to combine gas and liquid fuel boilers
For security reasons, for such a connection, it is necessary to create conditions under which it is possible safe work two types of equipment. To do this, do the following: - To carry out the installation of a general control system for the operation of water-heating equipment. Sharing a liquid-fuel and gas boiler involves the installation of general automation. It, in turn, is connected to control sensors, which give a signal to turn on in the event of a shutdown of the main heat source.
- Install control valves. Shut-off valves operating in automatic mode can also be used.
Advantages of installing several boilers in one network
Connect two boilers at the same time: floor and wall-mounted boilers may be needed if the area of the room as a result of construction works, increased sharply. Even if the equipment was originally purchased with a power reserve, it may not be enough to heat additional rooms larger area. In this case, an additional boiler is installed, connected to common system heating. The advantage of this solution is:- Ability to simultaneously control the operation of all equipment.
- Savings due to the choice of the main type of fuel.
- Possibility of longer operation of the equipment.
Practice shows that it is possible to simultaneously install two or more boilers in one network. With every additional element overall performance and efficiency drops significantly. Therefore, the expediency of simultaneous installation of four or more units of water heating equipment is completely absent.
In the open resource tab, we will try to find and define for desired apartment required parts of the system. Heating installation includes boiler, manifolds, expansion tank, air vents, thermostatic batteries, fasteners, pressure increasing pumps, connection system, pipes. The heating system of the cottage has certain devices. All installation elements are very important. Therefore, the choice of each element of the installation is important to do technically competently.
Piping of a boiler room with two boilers
Answer
As a heating device, you can use a mounted or floor double-circuit or single-circuit gas boiler or electric boiler.
Water is used as a heat carrier.
The specifications for the schemes take into account only the main equipment and materials. The length of the supply pipelines, the number, types and brands of connectors, the arrangement of movable and fixed supports are determined at the stage of linking the scheme to specific construction conditions.
Low-volume systems are not made atmospherically open and gravity-fed, so they can only work with forced circulation, i.e. with the installation of a circulation pump. For trouble-free operation of the pump, in front of it, according to the circulation scheme, strainer. To compensate for the expansion of the coolant, a membrane is installed on the system. expansion tank, with a volume equal to 10% of the total volume of all fluid in the system.
In case it does not require cooking hot water, the circuit is assembled without installing a boiler (see diagram No. 2).
The underfloor heating system is assembled with the obligatory regulation of the temperature of the heat carrier (thermal mixers or three-way taps), the temperature of which should not exceed 55 * C ( sanitary norms for living quarters).
At the outlet of the boiler, a safety group must be installed, providing for the protection of the boiler from water hammer, overpressure, which has an automatic air valve, thermometer and manometer. The hydraulic separator is duplicated by a safety group. Feeding the heating system to a gravity-flow atmospheric open heating system (see diagram No. 5) is a prerequisite - compliance with the diameters of the pipelines laid down by the boiler manufacturers. Pipelines in a gravity system are made with slopes to create coolant circulation through the heating system.
We assemble the boiler room from A to Z...
Any boiler room is the heart of the system and. In this article I will tell you how to assemble a boiler room so that it at least has a well-functioning heating and water supply system. Using these algorithms, you can maximize the effect of the system.
Video:
I will teach you how to calculate and assemble such a heating system.
In this article you will learn:
Who plans to let down natural gas into the boiler room, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the requirements for boiler rooms with gas boilers.
Any heating project where a house is planned to be heated begins with a calculation of the heat loss of a given house. About how to calculate houses, SNiPs, GOSTs and various literature have been developed for calculating heat losses. One of the SNiPs is SNiP II-3-79 "Construction Heat Engineering".
I want to talk a little about thermal calculations. In fact, the calculation of heat is not carried out by some devices, as some might assume. Any engineers at the design stage use pure or theoretical science, which allows, using only known materials from which the house is made, to calculate the heat lost. Many engineers use special programs to speed up, one of which I personally use.
The program is called: "Valtec Complex"
This program is absolutely free and can be downloaded from the Internet. To find this program, simply use the search in Yandex and enter the search line: "Valtec Complex Program". If you do not find this program on the Internet, then contact me and I will tell you the direct address. Just write in the comments on this page and I will answer there.
Decision.
For the solution, a universal formula is used:
W - energy, (W)
C - heat capacity of water, C \u003d 1163 W / (m 3 ° C)
Q - consumption, (m 3)
t1 - Cold water temperature
t2 - Hot water temperature
Just paste in our values, don't forget to take the units into account.
Answer: For each person, 322 W / h is needed.
Such a filter filters large crumbs in order to eliminate blockage in the boiler. The boiler with such a filter will last much longer than without it.
Also installed on the return line. But often they put it on the supply line.
The first reason why we put a check valve on the return line of the heating system.
The non-return valve serves to prevent the reverse movement of the coolant in cases where two boilers are installed in parallel. But this does not mean that it does not need to be put on the return line when one boiler is installed.
For the second reason a non-return valve is placed on the supply line, in order to prevent the reverse movement of the coolant in order to prevent debris from entering the heating system through the supply line.
How to connect two boilers
Maximum level of connection of two boilers with valves
Advantages of working two boilers in pairs
If one boiler fails, the heating system will continue to work.
You do not need to buy one powerful boiler, you can buy two weak boilers.
Two weak boilers working together give out much more heated coolant, since some powerful boilers have a small passage diameter. Due to the small passage diameter, the coolant flow through the boiler, to put it mildly, remains insufficient for big house. Although there are schemes that allow you to increase consumption. We'll talk about this below.
Disadvantages of two working boilers in pairs
The cost of two weak boilers is much higher than one powerful boiler.
Two pumps will not be justified. Although two pumps can work quite economically than one set to high speeds.
Regarding the selection of pipe diameter
As far as I know, there are three ways to determine:
Philistine way- this is the selection of the diameter by determining the speed of movement of water in the pipeline. That is, the diameter is selected so that the speed of water movement does not exceed 1 meter per second for heating. And for water supply it is possible and more. In short, they saw and copied somewhere, repeated the diameter. Also find all sorts of recommendations from experts. Some average is taken into account. In short, the philistine method is the most non-economic one, and the most malicious mistakes and violations are made in it.
Practice-acquired- this is a method in which schemes are already known and special tables have been developed in which all diameters are already available and additional parameters are indicated for the flow rate and speed of water movement. This method is usually suitable for dummies who do not understand calculations.
The scientific way is the most perfect calculation
This method is universal and makes it possible to determine the diameter for any task.
I watched a lot of tutorial videos, and tried to find calculations for determining the diameters of the pipeline. But I couldn't find a good explanation on the internet. Therefore, for more than 1 year on the Internet there has been my article on determining the diameter of the pipeline:
And someone generally uses special programs, according to the calculations of hydraulics. Moreover, I even found incorrect and unskilled hydraulic calculations. Which are still walking on the Internet and many continue to use an unreasonable method. In particular, the hydraulics of heating systems are not correctly considered.
For exact definition diameter you need to understand the following:
And now attention!
The pump pushes the liquid through the pipe, and the pipe with all the turns gives resistance to movement.
The force of the pump and the force of resistance is measured by only one unit of measurement - these are meters. (meters of water column).
In order to push the liquid through the pipe, the pump must cope with the resistance force.
I developed an article that describes in detail:
Any pump has two parameters: head and flow. Therefore, all pumps have pressure-flow curves, which show how the flow changes depending on the resistance of the liquid in the pipe.
To select a pump, it is necessary to know the resistance created in the pipe at a certain flow rate. You must first know how much liquid will need to be pumped per unit of time (flow rate). At the specified flow rate, find the resistance in the pipeline. Further, the pressure-flow characteristic of the pump will show whether such a pump is suitable for you or not.
In order to find resistance in the pipeline, the following articles have been developed:
At the design stage, you can find the flow rate of the entire system, it is enough to know heat loss a specific building. This article describes the algorithm for calculating the coolant flow rate for certain heat losses:
Consider a simple problem
There is one boiler and a two-pipe dead end. See image.
Pay attention to the tees, they are indicated by numbers ... When explaining, I will indicate this: Tee1, tee2, tee3, etc. Also note that the costs and resistances in each branch are indicated.
Given:
To find:
| Diameters of pipelines of each branch Select the pressure and flow of the pump. |
Decision.
Find the total flow of the heating system.
We assume that the temperature of the supply line is 60 degrees, and the return line is 50 degrees.
then, according to the formula
1.163 - heat capacity of water, W / (liter ° C)
W - power, W.
where T 3 \u003d T 1 -T 2 is the temperature difference between the supply and return pipelines.
The temperature difference is set from 5 to 20 degrees. The smaller the difference, the greater the flow rate and, accordingly, the diameter increases for this. If the temperature difference is greater, then the flow rate decreases and the pipe diameter may be smaller. That is, if you set the temperature difference to 20 degrees, then the flow rate will be less.
Find the diameter of the pipeline.
For clarity, it is necessary to bring the diagram into a block form.
Since the resistance in the tees is very small, it should not be taken into account when calculating the resistance in the system. Since the resistance of the length of the pipe will many times exceed the resistance in the tees. Well, if you are a pedant and want to calculate the resistance in a tee, then I recommend that in cases where the flow is more for a 90-degree turn, then use the angle. If less, then you can close your eyes to it. If the movement of the coolant is in a straight line, then the resistance is very small.
| Resistance1 = branch 1 from tee2 to tee7 Resistance2 = radiator branch2 from tee3 to tee8 Resistance3 = radiator branch3 from tee3 to tee8 Resistance4 = branch 4 from tee4 to tee9 Resistance5 = radiator branch5 from tee5 to tee10 Resistance6 = radiator branch6 from tee5 to tee10 Resistance7 = path from tee1 to tee2 Resistance8 = path of pipe from tee6 to tee7 Resistance9 = path of pipe from tee1 to tee4 Resistance10 = path from tee6 to tee9 Resistance11 = pipe path from tee2 to tee3 Resistance12= pipe path from tee8 to tee7 Resistance13 = path from tee4 to tee5 Resistance14= pipe path from tee10 to tee9 Main branch resistance = from tee1 to tee6 along the boiler line |
For each resistance, you need to choose a diameter. Each section of resistance has its own flow. For each resistance, it is necessary to set the declared flow rate depending on the heat loss.
Find the costs for each resistance.
To find the flow in resistance1, you need to find the flow in radiator1.
The calculation of the diameter selection is carried out cyclically:
Further calculations for this problem are laid out in another article:
Answer: Optimal minimum flow is equal to: 20l/m. At a flow rate of 20 l / m, the resistance of the heating system is: 1m.
Of course, it is also necessary to take into account the resistance of the boiler, which can be taken as approximately 0.5 m. Depending on the diameter of the passage of the boiler itself. In general, to be more precise, it is necessary to calculate through the tubes in the boiler itself. How to do this is described here:
How to tie a water heating system for a very large house
There is a universal scheme for water heating systems, which allows you to make the system more perfect, functional and very productive.
Above, I already explained why these elements are needed:
Hydrogun- it's actually a hydraulic separator, detailed explanation and the calculation of hydraulic guns is explained here:
But I will repeat myself a little and explain some more details. Consider a diagram with a hydraulic separator and a manifold together.
V1 and V2 should not exceed the speed of 1 m / s with an increase in speed, unjustified resistance occurs at the inlet and outlet of the nozzles.
V3 should not exceed the speed of 0.5m/s, as the speed increases, resistance from one circuit to another comes into play.
F - The distance between the nozzles is not regulated and is taken as minimally possible in order to comfortably connect various elements(100-500mm)
R- The vertical distance is also not regulated and is taken as a minimum of 100mm. Maximum up to 3 meters. But the distance (R) of the diameters of the four nozzles (D2) will be more correct.
The main purpose of the hydraulic arrow is to obtain an independent flow rate that will not affect the boiler flow rate.
The main purpose of the collector is to divide one stream into many streams so that the streams do not affect each other. That is, so that a change in one of the collector streams does not affect other streams. That is, a very slow movement of the coolant occurs in the collector. slow speed in the collector has less effect on the flows leaving it.
We disassemble the inlet diameter from the boiler D1
One of the calculations of the diameter is the following formula:
Need to strive for minimum speed coolant movement. The faster the coolant moves, the higher the resistance to movement. The greater the resistance, the slower the coolant moves and the weaker the system heats up.
Task.
And let's try to increase the diameter to 32mm.
Then the schedule will look like this.
Maximum consumption 29 l/m. The difference from the original to 4l / m.
It's up to you to decide whether the game is worth the candle ... Further increase will lead to a waste of money on a large diameter.
Further, I take into account that there will be a flow rate of 29 l / m from each boiler. the consumption from two boilers will be equal to 58 l / m. Now I want to calculate what diameter to choose for the pipe connecting two boilers and entering the hydraulic arrow.
Finding the diameter after the tee
Given:
At a flow rate of 58 l / m, the resistance was: 0.85 m, basically the resistance creates about 0.7 m. To reduce the resistance of the sump filter, it is enough to increase its diameter or thread on it. The greater the permeability of the sump filter, the less resistance in it.
Therefore, we make a decision: Do not increase the diameter, but increase the sump filter, with a thread of up to 1.5 inches.
With this effect, we will significantly increase the total heat flow from the boiler to the hydraulic gun.
Also, by this effect of increasing the flow through the boiler, we increase the efficiency of boilers.
Also, if we want to reduce the resistance of the check valve, then the thread on it should be increased. Therefore, we accept with a thread of 1.25 inches.
Ball valves should be selected in such a way that the internal passage does not narrow or increase, but exactly repeats the passage itself. Choose a passage in the direction of increasing diameter.
More about hydroguns:
According to the task:
Consumption of warm floors: 3439 l/h at a temperature difference of 10 degrees.
400m 2 x 100W / m 2 \u003d 40000 W
As for radiator heating, the principle of operation of various schemes. I have not yet prepared articles on this topic, since most people know how to do this, at least approximately. But there are plans to touch on this topic, and to prescribe strict laws and calculations for the development of schemes in space.
As for warm water floors
The diagram shows that warm water floors are connected through. The circuit through the three-way valve forms.
mixing unit is a special piping chain that forms the mixing of two different streams. In this case, for there is a mixing of two streams: the heated coolant from the collector and the cooled coolant returned from the warm floors. Such a mixture, firstly, gives low temperature, and secondly, it adds consumption to warm floors. Additional expense accelerates the flow of coolant through the pipes.
Engineering calculation of diameters for the required flow
For these calculations, I developed a section:
How to get rid of air in the heating system in a constant mode?
The most ideal way to get rid of air in automatic mode is the element: Automatic air vent. But for its effective use, it must be installed on the highest supply pipeline of heating systems. In addition, you need to create an area of \u200b\u200bspace in which air will be separated.
See diagram:
That is, the outgoing coolant from the boiler must first of all rush upward to the air separation system. The air separation system consists of a tank 6-10 times thicker than the diameter of the branch pipe included in it. The air separator tank itself must be at the highest point. The top of the tank should be .
The inlet pipe should be at the top, and the outlet from it at the bottom.
When the coolant has a low pressure, then the gases in it begin to be released. Also, the hottest coolant has a more intense outgassing.
That is, by driving the coolant to the very top, we reduce its pressure and thereby the air begins to be released more intensively. Since the coolant immediately going to the air separator tank has the highest temperature and, accordingly, gas evolution will be intense.
Therefore, for ideal air release in the heating system, two conditions must be met: These are high temperature and low pressure. And the lowest pressure is at the highest point.
For example, you can try to install a pump after the air separator tank, thereby reducing the pressure in the tank.
And why is this method of air release not used everywhere?
This method of air release has long been known!!! In addition, it removes the hassle of air release by an order of magnitude.
How to connect a solid fuel boiler
As you know, solid fuel boilers are at risk of overheating due to the failure of air shut-off mechanisms. For safe use solid fuel boilers for heating systems from high temperatures use two main elements.
How a capacitive low loss header works is described here:
What are dangerous high temperatures for heating systems?
If you have plastic pipes such as polypropylene, metal-plastic and, then direct connections of such pipes to a solid fuel boiler are contraindicated for you.
The solid fuel boiler is connected only with steel and copper pipes capable of withstanding temperatures over 100 degrees.
Pipes that can withstand high temperatures are assembled with a temperature limit.
Three-way valves are mainly used with large bores and servomotors. with mechanical movement of valves have a very narrow bore, so check the flow charts of these three-way valves.
A three-way valve in the boiler circuit serves to prevent low temperature with . Such a three-way must let the coolant into the boiler at least 50 degrees.
That is, if the heating system is below 30 degrees, then it begins to open the boiler circuit inside the boiler itself. That is, the outgoing coolant from the boiler immediately enters the boiler on the return line. If the boiler temperature is above 50 degrees, it starts to start the cold coolant from (from the tank). This is necessary in order not to cause a strong temperature overload in the boiler circuit, since a large temperature difference causes condensate on the walls of the heat exchanger, and also reduces the favorable annealing of firewood. In this mode, the boiler will last longer. Also, the ignition of the boiler will be faster and more efficient than if the boiler was constantly supplied with ice coolant.
The temperature of the solid fuel boiler must be at least 50 degrees. Otherwise, it is necessary to reduce the temperature of the three-way valve not to 50, but below degrees to 30.
At low temperature heating at 50 degrees, you need to take into account the decrease in temperature of the three-way valves. If you set 50 degrees on the boiler, then set 20-30 degrees on the three-way valve of the boiler circuit, and 50 degrees at the outlet. Also note that the higher the temperature difference in the boiler, the higher the efficiency of the boiler. That is, a cooler coolant should flow into the boiler. Also, the greater the flow through the boiler, the higher the efficiency of the boiler. Thermal engineering testifies to it.
The flow through the boiler must be as high as possible for efficient heat exchange (efficiency is higher.).
A three-way valve at the outlet to the heat consumer is needed in order to stabilize the temperature of the consumer and prevent high temperatures from entering.
For example, from a real object:
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Two boilers for a hydraulic gun can be connected through a polypropylene tee. Simple, logical and relatively reliable. It all depends on your skill, patience and ingenuity. About whether this is justified from a security point of view, where to place something, read and see in our article.
Is it possible or not?
How to connect two boilers to the hydraulic gun, both specialists and ordinary buyers understand. Our managers hear this question quite often. Recently, the activity of customers has intensified, so there was a topic for the article.
First, let's find out whether it is possible to display the hydraulic arrow on two boilers at once. Experts interviewed say yes. Examples from practice are given to support this.
Boiler house on the basis of 2 gas boilers with a hydraulic arrow
There are several reasons to buy and install another boiler
Lack of main power
When equipping the system, the master or you, if you designed the boiler room with your own hands, made a mistake
You decide to expand your living space and build another floor
In addition, an additional boiler is brought to the hydraulic arrow in order to save money. The maximum power of the boiler is taken, with the expectation of the coldest season.
In full force heating equipment works five days a year, this is how long frosts last on average in central Russia
In spring, summer and autumn, the system needs much less power. That is why one 55 kW boiler is often replaced with two 25 or 30 kilowatt ones. It is not only economical, but also practical. You can turn on one boiler. When all the power is needed, start both.
The reserve boiler is an excellent insurer
For example, solid fuels are often supplemented with electric ones. As soon as the coolant cools down, the electric boiler is quickly wedged into the system. Helps, especially at night. You do not have to get up, go down to the boiler room and load a new "portion" of fuel into the furnace.
Installation steps
Our client from Sochi connected the hydraulic switch in the balancing manifold with two boilers at once. The main one is gas, the backup one is electric.
The outlet to the boiler in the BM-100-4D design complies with the DN 32 standard, that is, 1 1/4 inches. The thread is standard, suitable for the main types of pipes.
Polypropylene tees are placed on the return and supply. The three-part design was not chosen by chance. In the installation of pipes, tees are placed to enter additional communication. In the case of a hydraulic gun, the retraction principle also applies.
Advantages
Safely. Both boilers work correctly with optimal output
functional. The coolant enters in full and the desired temperature (will not lose a degree).
practical. Two boilers in the heating system significantly reduce maintenance costs. The amount on the electricity bill is a pleasant surprise.
By the way, the strapping uses three-way valves Esby, also with polypropylene tees. An unusual design solution makes the boiler room even more efficient. Mixing of hot and cold streams takes place strictly in accordance with the norms bandwidth consumers.
There is also a boiler in the harness indirect heating 200 liters, circulating Grundfos pumps 25/6, automatic floor heating. All of the above is connected in the balancing manifold Gidruss BM-100-4D
Three contours are directed downwards, one to the side. The center distance between the nozzles is 125 millimeters, which makes it possible to install pumping modular groups of both domestic and foreign brands.
balancing manifold made of structural low-alloy steel. This is the second brand after stainless steel, inferior to the "girlfriend" only in rust resistance. Signs of oxidation will appear after three to four years. To delay this unpleasant moment, all BM series collectors are painted polymer paint. The composition has a light consistency, applied with a sprayer. Only 4 layers. The finish dries completely within a day. The product is then checked and prepared for shipment.
Learn more about the benefits of collectors from carbon steel can
Conclusions briefly
A hydraulic gun with two boilers is a reality.
Polypropylene tees can be used as wiring.
Some heating devices evenly distribute the load on the system, which significantly reduces the cost of diagnostics and maintenance.
Two boilers in one house is the key to the reliability of your heating system. It is very good if the second boiler is an alternative, for example, to gas. A gas boiler provides comfort (it does not require frequent maintenance), and a solid fuel boiler is installed to reduce heating costs and as a backup in case emergency. Subject to certain conditions they can be combined in one system. You can look at link an interesting video that shows two main ways to implement such a solution, or below is a brief summary and description of two ways to connect boilers into one system:
The first of the ways the implementation of such a solution is the use of a hydraulic separator or a hydraulic switch in the boiler piping scheme. This simple device serves to equalize temperatures and pressures in the heating system and allows you to combine two or more boilers into one system and use them both separately and in cascade - together.
One of the solutions for coordinating the work of two heating units and contours of the heating system
Hydraulic arrow (hydraulic separator) for connecting 2 boilers
Second option coordination of the operation of two boilers can be used in systems of low power and, for example, with a double-circuit gas boiler heating. Everything is simple here: two boilers are connected in parallel to each other, the circuits are separated one from the other check valves, while two boilers can work in one combination either separately or simultaneously.