What applies to the main equipment of the boiler room. The main and auxiliary equipment of the boiler room for efficient operation. Expansion membrane tank

Auxiliary equipment of boiler plants is:

• electrical filters;
• air heaters;
• chimneys.

These elements are the main parts among the auxiliary equipment. Their installation takes place above the boiler. Basic and auxiliary equipment boiler room should be designed for such technical diagrams to automate control.

Boiler system installation and safety

During construction own house, everyone carefully plans the interior, tries to carry out all the work and repairs with high quality, and, of course, the installation of the boiler. Boiler plant equipment - milestone to achieve complete comfort in your own home. The installation of this system must be treated responsibly so that in the future you do not pay fines and do not redo anything.

Work must be carried out under strict supervision by a specialist in order to avoid both fires and explosions.

In order to avoid repair of boiler equipment and serious consequences, a serious list of services from installation and organization is provided. It all starts with the collection of documents and ends with the launch heating system for use. In order for the operation of the boiler and the entire system to run smoothly, reliably and economically, all services for the use of the installation and commissioning of boiler equipment must be carried out by a highly qualified specialist. He must have a license and permission to carry out such work.

1. The entire heating system is pre-piped.
2. Checking for the correct operation of the entire system, in order to avoid repair of boiler equipment and accidents.
3. Carrying out the final adjustment of equipment for the boiler room.
4. Getting coaching from experts.

System maintenance

If the installation, adjustment of the boiler equipment and the boiler was carried out in accordance with all the rules and regulations, during use, situations may still arise that require additional repair of the auxiliary equipment of the boiler installation. most common cause such breakdowns become poor-quality water, which does not meet the standards of equipment for the boiler. Boiler adjustment, repair, related work is quite a consumable business.

To reduce the cost of repairing boiler rooms and boiler equipment in the future, the construction of a heating system should be carried out by companies that have a wide range of services:

• Post-warranty maintenance of the constructed facility.
• Reconstruction.
• Necessary repairs and adjustment.

The main task of the owner is to carry out timely maintenance of the premises for the boiler room.

The main (Fig. 1) and auxiliary elements of the heating system

The boiler room is a set of devices that is completely ready to convert the chemical energy of the fuel into thermal energy. hot energy, or a couple of required parameters.

The manufacturer of boiler equipment offers the following main components:

• water economizer;
• air heater;
• frame with ladders and service shelves;
• frame;
• thermal insulation;
• sheathing;
• fittings;
• headset;
• flues.

Equipment for the boiler room (needs adjustment) has additional settings any manufacturer:

• fans;
• smoke exhausters;
• nutritional, nourishing and circulation pumps;
• water treatment plants;
• fuel transfer systems;
• ash collection plant;
• vacuum ash remover.

Boiler equipment manufacturers have developed the main plant in the oil industry during gas combustion gas control point or gas control system.

Adjustment of the entire heating system, commissioning process - a pledge uninterrupted operation and comfort for everyone.

1. Steam boiler installation. This is a device that consists of a firebox, evaporation surfaces. Its main job is to evaporate the steam that was used outside this device. Incorrect adjustment of the process provokes, under pressure, which is higher than the atmospheric heat count and is released during the combustion of the fuel, the steam exits the boiler.
2. Water heating boiler. This heat exchange device, in which the main source of thermal energy is water.
3. Furnace device. The operation of this unit is to burn fuel, converting its energy into heat.
4. Boiler lining. This system, provided by manufacturers to do the job of reducing heat loss, ensuring gas density.
5. Kazan. This is metal structure. Its main work is to hold the boiler and individual loads, to ensure the desired mutual placement of the elements of the boiler.
6. Steam superheater. This device increases the temperature of the steam above the saturation temperature of the pressure in the boiler. The manufacturer has provided for the operation of this system of coils, where the complete adjustment of the boiler equipment implies the connection of saturated steam to the boiler drum at the inlet, and to the superheated steam chamber at the outlet.
7. Water economizer. The essence of the operation of this device lies in its heating by the products of combustion of fuel, which, in turn, partially heats up or completely evaporates the water in the boiler.
8. Air heater. Its main job is to heat the air with the products of fuel combustion before the fuel enters the boiler furnace.

The need for repair within the warranty period

Parts for the boiler may be needed even while the unit is still under warranty.

Repair of boiler equipment is possible:

• the work on the installation of the boiler was carried out incorrectly;
• the use of the unit is not correct;
• Maintenance carried out at the wrong time;
• voltage drops (you can purchase a stabilizer that will eliminate this problem);
• low-quality coolant (on the inlet pipeline, it can be installed as a filter for the boiler).

To avoid repair of boiler equipment, all the nuances should be considered in advance, rather than urgently solving the problem.

Breaking? Don't panic

Of course, if repair of boiler equipment is needed before heating season, then this is not so bad, and if in the midst of cold weather, the main thing is not to panic. But you also need to take the problem seriously, because the adjustment of the boiler and the entire system can go astray. If the breakdown of the installation is not serious, repairs can be made independently. But if there are doubts about the causes and consequences, the repair should be entrusted to a professional.

Successful work installation depends not only on the manufacturer, but also on the choice of model back in the store. It depends on the choice whether the unit will cope with the tasks and the amount of work - the entire commissioning process. It is better if the company that made the sale had service center somewhere nearby. In order to help with the commissioning process at any time, she carried out an inspection and repair of the boiler (Fig. 2).

Of course, the manufacturer of boiler equipment is responsible for its product, but the owner must operate according to the instructions and rules so that there are no failures in setting up the installation and wasting money on repairs. Statistics from boiler and heating repair companies claim that almost 70% of the causes of breakdowns are due to correct use and operation of devices, violations of requirements and standards. Therefore, the repair of boiler equipment happens, mainly through the fault of the consumer, not the manufacturer.

Device setup and repair

If a person does not understand repair issues, then it will be difficult for him to understand this process with boilers and appliances for it.

Here is a list of the most common problems:

• Electronic board. The manufacturer gave this device responsibility for all processes. It regulates the device, turns it on and off, controls, affects the commissioning process. A slight malfunction will lead to an explosion. In order to avoid breakdowns, it is better to mount such an element as a voltage stabilizer.
• (Figure 3). If the sale of boiler equipment was carried out with a defect from the manufacturer, not one commissioning process will help. The problem with the operation of the installations occurs in the first months of operation. To eliminate the deficiency, it is necessary to completely replace the heat exchanger. But the problem of clogging the passage is much more common. various deposits and salts. The coolant flow begins to decrease, and one day the boiler boils. In order to avoid repairs and commissioning, attention must be paid to water quality. And also, during the sale of the unit, pay attention to its quality, whether there is a marriage from the manufacturer.
• (Figure 4). The commissioning process of the installation implies the continuous operation of this pump. But if it turns off, the boiler will boil. The unit will shut down thanks to the safety thermostat (commercially available). But the problem will not disappear and the repair is provided. The fault in the breakdown is the coolant - liquid for heating boilers. The pump can stop for two reasons: the appearance of scale; an increase in debris in the middle of the case. To avoid this trouble, there is a special filter on sale, which is installed on the inlet pipe.
• Gas automation. Repair given element boiler is almost impossible. Usually, this component completely change. In order to avoid another adjustment of the boiler, this breakdown is better to prevent than to solve. Low quality fuel is found on sale. Therefore, in order to prevent damage gas automation worth buying fuel High Quality and use clean water for the coolant.

Today, there are many outlets that offer accessories for boilers. It is worth noting that well-known branded, popular firms parts are always recommended by professionals. They are of high quality, have an uncomplicated commissioning process, the boiler is adjusted quite quickly.

Modular boiler plants (transportable and block boiler plants) are one or more block modules (depending on the required heat output) with an installed internal technological equipment and equipment for connection to engineering networks. Such boiler rooms are delivered to the Customer in full factory readiness.

The scheme and characteristics of the boiler plant depend on several factors: the required thermal power, the fuel used ( natural gas, liquefied gas, associated petroleum gas, fuel oil, diesel fuel, waste oil, coal, coke, multi-fuel boilers), the purpose of the boiler plant (heating or industrial boilers). The type of fuel is the most important criterion for the further selection of equipment, namely boilers and burners. Depending on the fuel, it is possible to distinguish, as well as diesel, oil, fuel oil, solid fuel boilers.

The basic requirements for the design and construction of boiler houses with a steam pressure of not more than 3.9 MPa (40 kgf / cm 2) and with a water temperature of not more than 200 ° C are collected in a set of rules.

According to the above normative document All boiler plants are divided into two categories:

• category I - boiler plants that are the only source of heat energy or that provide heat energy to consumers without individual reserve heat sources
• category II - boiler plants that do not belong to the first category

Operation of boiler plants

Consider the operation of a boiler house using the example of a hot water boiler plant. In boilers, the heat carrier (in most cases, water) is heated to supply it to the consumer. Installed pumps contribute to the constant circulation of the coolant (supplying it to the consumer and returning it back). Water flows through pipes to the heat source (radiator, underfloor heating, heating boilers). In the boiler room, it is necessary to provide for the adjustment of the duration of operation and the temperature of the coolant. The consumer's water supply line is called a straight line (or supply line).

Entering the radiators, the water cools down and returns back. This is the return line of the boiler room.

Boiler plant equipment

Equipment for a block-modular boiler house is selected and assembled according to Custom order on the basis of the completed Questionnaire for TCU, which indicates the main requirements and parameters of the main equipment. Block-modular boiler room consists of:

• Boiler building
• Boiler equipment(boilers)
• Burners
• Gas equipment
• Pump equipment
• Automation, communication and alarm systems, control and fire safety
• Water treatment and water treatment systems
• Diaphragm expansion tank
• Gas ducts and chimneys

Boiler block module

The building of a transportable boiler house is a block module (container module). This is a one-story frame structure made of non-combustible materials to ensure fire safety and high fire resistance. The required power of the boiler house determines the number of frame-type modules, their dimensions(see GOST 23838-89 "Buildings of enterprises. Parameters"). If it is possible to install all the equipment in one block box, the boiler house manufacturer may recommend providing one or more aluminum windows or steel doorways.

The building of the modular boiler house is welded frame structure with a base in the form of a platform, due to which the strength of the structure and its ability to resist wind and snow loads are increased. Steel channels serve as the basis for racks, beams and frame runs. Rolled channels or angles are used for floor beams. As enclosing structures, the block module is sheathed with sandwich panels made of corrugated steel sheets. The roof of the boiler room is traditionally made single or gable.

The device for thermal insulation of the boiler house building (insulation, lining) allows the boiler house to be operated at low temperatures. Also, all metal structures must undergo anti-corrosion treatment.

When designing a boiler house building, the requirements for explosion and fire safety and fire resistance of the structure should be taken into account in accordance with SP 12.13130.2009 "Definition of categories of premises, buildings and outdoor installations for explosion and fire fire hazard(with Amendment No. 1)".

Boiler equipment

Boilers are one of important elements boiler installations. It is in them that the heat carrier is heated or steam is produced.

In accordance with the "Rules for the device and safe operation steam and hot water boilers "distinguish between hot water, steam and steam boilers. The heat carrier for boiler rooms (water or steam) is formed due to the thermal energy received from fuel combustion (in the case of gas, solid fuel and liquid fuel boilers) or by converting electricity into heat (in the case of electric boilers).The boiler body is made of cast iron or steel, depending on the type of fuel used.For example, in the case of using solid fuels, sulfur deposits on the steel walls of the boiler, due to which the life of the boiler is reduced. boilers, but they also have one drawback: they are too large and bulky.

When choosing the type and number of boilers, technical and economic calculations are made, for which the following factors are taken into account:

• performance of boilers and the boiler house as a whole
• ensuring stability in the operation of boilers at a minimum load during the warm season
• number of consumers
• delivery distance of the coolant to the end user
• boiler efficiency requirements
• type of fuel and chemical characteristics (solid fuel, gas, electricity)
• automation of the boiler room and its degree
• boiler dimensions
• boiler strength
• the possibility of cleaning, washing and repairing the boiler

When choosing the number of boilers, remember paragraphs. 4.8. and 4.14. , according to which the minimum number of boilers is determined by the category of the boiler room: at least two boilers are installed in boiler houses of the first category, and one boiler is installed in boiler houses of the second category.

Burners

One of the important working elements of the boiler room is the burner (except for electric boilers). The functions of any burners (gas, diesel) are preparation, mixing of fuel and air and combustion of the resulting combustible mixture in the combustion chamber of the boiler, due to which the heat carrier in the boiler is heated.

The choice of design and type of burner is based on the fuel used ( liquid fuel or gas), as well as an analysis of the requirements for power and productivity of the boiler, the dimensions of the combustion chamber of the boiler, the range and type of burner control. So, gas-burners There are single-stage, two-stage (with the ability to operate in two modes), sliding-two-stage (operate in the range of specified modes) and modulating burners (operate in the power range from 10 to 100%).

Gas equipment for boiler rooms

The gas equipment of boiler houses includes:

• shut-off and safety valves
• control and measuring equipment (, sensors, pressure gauges, thermometers, pressure gauges)

Usage Requirements gas equipment quite strict due to the increased flammability of the gas. You can see them (requirements) in SP 89.13330.2012 "Boiler plants. Updated edition of SNiP II-35-76". According to them, GRU installations are installed in the boiler house building, and hydraulic fracturing stations are installed on the boiler site. Also, if each boiler has a thermal output of more than 30 MW, it is recommended to provide two reduction lines (i.e. a backup reduction line is switched on only in case of failure of the main reduction line). If a thermal power boilers in the boiler house less than 30 MW, it is possible to install one reduction line (except for boiler rooms of category I).

The number of gas supply pipelines is also regulated by the Code of Rules SP 89.13330.2012: in boiler houses of category I with a capacity of up to 30 MW, which operate only on gas, gas from the GRU or hydraulic fracturing can come from two pipelines; in boiler rooms of category II - from one.

Gas pressure regulators are required to control the pressure of the supplied gas, regardless of the flow rate: usually pressure regulators reduce the pressure of the gas.

Thick and fine cleaning gas are needed to filter the gas from impurities, particulate matter and inclusions that can clog pipelines, reduce boiler performance and reduce equipment life.

Shut-off and safety valves are installed on the gas line of the boiler room also for the normal and safe operation of gas equipment. The main elements of such fittings are shut-off and thermal shut-off valves, control valves, check valves, .

Pumping equipment for boiler houses

Pumps are necessary for uniform supply of the coolant and its release, transportation of the coolant through pipes to heat source and coolant circulation. Depending on the specifics of the boiler house and the boiler equipment used, the type and design of the pump is selected (see SP 89.13330.2012). Structurally, the pumps are manufactured and supplied with a steam or electric drive. By type, pumps are network (for circulation of the coolant in the system), feed (for supplying water to boilers), circulation (to provide a given water pressure at the consumer), anti-condensation and make-up (to replenish the system with water from external sources) pumps. The number of pumps is calculated based on the performance of the boiler room. At the same time, in some cases, the installation of a backup pump is mandatory.

Heat exchange system of the boiler room

The DHW system of a boiler house consists of heat exchangers, usually plate-type, and water heaters (steam, water, steam-water). Heat exchange equipment is necessary for heating heated water from a hot medium.

The number of water heaters is calculated for each boiler room system (ventilation system, heating system) and depending on the required parameters of the supplied water / steam.

Automation of boiler installations, communication, alarm, control and fire safety systems

A feature is the fully automated operation of the boiler house without the constant presence of personnel, but under constant dispatching and control by displaying information about the parameters of the boiler house on the remote control panel.

When emergencies(cutting off the fuel supply to the burners, lowering/increasing water/steam/oil pressure, raising/lowering the water level, loss of electrical voltage, increasing/lowering the temperature of the water/oil at the outlet, etc.) information about them is sent to the boiler control panel . An alarm system (sound, light) should be provided to alert about equipment breakdown. In this case, the failed equipment is automatically switched off and the reserve equipment is put into operation. The regulation of the operating parameters of the boiler room should be carried out automatically if these parameters go beyond the specified ones.

Cases of signaling, notification and regulation are given in SP 89.13330.2012.

Water treatment of boiler plants, water treatment

The water treatment system in boiler rooms is necessary to purify water before it enters the boilers or heating network from mechanical impurities and dissolved pollutants, demineralization and softening. This prevents the formation of scale on the boiler equipment, the formation of corrosion and foaming of the boiler water and the entrainment of salts with steam. Several methods are used to prepare water: mechanical filtration and nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, liming, ultrafiltration, dechlorination, sodium cationization, etc.

Water and steam used in the boiler room must meet the following requirements:

• GOST 2761-84 "Sources of centralized economic drinking water supply. hygienic, technical requirements and selection rules
• SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 " Drinking water. Hygiene requirements to the quality of water in centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control. Hygienic requirements for ensuring the safety of hot water supply systems"
• PB 10-574-03 "Rules for the design and safe operation of steam and hot water boilers"
• GOST 20995-75 "Stationary steam boilers with pressure up to 3.9 MPa. Feed water and steam quality indicators"

Among the equipment used in water treatment systems, one can name: filters, iron removal plants, softening plant, vortex reactors for reagent softening, etc.

The choice of water treatment plants must comply with the requirements of SP 31.13330.2012 "Water supply. External networks and structures. Updated version of SNiP 2.04.02-84".

Expansion membrane tank

Expansion tanks are necessary as part of boiler rooms, as they prevent an increase in water pressure (when water is heated, it expands and, accordingly, its volume increases), the possibility of water hammer and compensate for its volume. The tanks also remove the formed air as a result of heating the coolant. To perform these functions, expansion tanks are installed in the boiler room for different systems: heating expansion tank and hot water expansion tank.

Structurally, membrane tanks for heating and water supply are similar. They are a vertical or horizontal cylindrical or rectangular tank, with an elastic membrane installed inside. This membrane separates the expansion tank into air and liquid compartments. The principle of operation of the membrane tank is that the excess water in the system, when it is heated, enters the tank. This water can be used for water supply and water treatment, supplying it to the system at the right pressure.

The material of expansion tanks for the heating system must be more resistant to high temperatures. Expansion tanks for water systems must be made of elastic material to withstand big swings pressure.

Chimneys and flues

Chimneys and gas ducts belong to the smoke removal (gas outlet) system of boiler plants. In case of difficult natural dispersion of exhaust gases and smoke (in the absence of natural draft), chimneys are built different designs. Gas ducts extend from the boilers and are attached perpendicular to the chimneys.

Chimneys are of the following designs:

• farm chimney
• stretched chimney
• chimney on mast
• facade chimney
• self-supporting chimney

In addition, the design of one chimney may include several vertical gas ducts.

The material, height, diameter and method of fixing the pipe are determined based on the power of the boiler house and on the basis of aerodynamic calculations of the gas path, gas velocity, requirements for structural stability (in accordance with the requirements of SP 43.13330.2012 "Constructions industrial enterprises. Updated version of SNiP 2.09.03-85").

Auxiliary equipment is also installed on boiler plants for reliable operation boilers and the whole system. The set of auxiliary equipment depends on the type of fuel used, on the power and on the technical and economic requirements of the Customer. Auxiliary equipment includes:

• deaerators (vacuum, atmospheric pressure, chemical, thermal)
• water heater (boiler)
• storage tanks, etc.

The specialists of our company perform the whole range of services for the design, aerodynamic calculation, manufacture and commissioning of boiler plants, rooftop boilers and chimneys. All supplied products have all required Permissions and Certificates of Conformity.

When ordering boiler plants from Gazovik Group of Companies, you can be sure of the uninterrupted supply of thermal energy to consumers.

The main and auxiliary equipment of the boiler room is necessary for efficient heating and provision of premises with hot water.

It is customary to include:

Firebox;
superheater;
air heater;
water economizer;
brickwork and frame with platforms and stairs;
headset and fittings.

It consists of:

Feeding and draft devices;
fuel supply equipment;
water treatment equipment;
automation system;
instrumentation.

Helps the proper functioning of the entire system. Due to the burner devices, the fuel in the boiler is delivered to the furnace with subsequent combustion. The necessary air is delivered here by a blower fan, and can also be sucked in through the grate if there is natural draft. Heating the air with an air heater increases the efficiency and economy of the boiler room. Flue gases are removed to the atmosphere.

Raw water, moving through cationic filters, is softened and sent to the deaerator, in which corrosive gases are eliminated. Next, the water enters the deaerated water tank, is taken by the pump and goes to the steam boiler. After heating surfaces, water is collected in the upper drum. The steam from the boiler is sent to the steam collector, and then goes to the consumers. You should especially carefully choose the main and any auxiliary equipment of the boiler room.

In the process of fuel combustion, not all the volumes of heat released in the furnace are effectively used to heat water or generate steam. Heat is partially lost along with gases leaving the boiler, mechanical and chemical underburning. An important task is to minimize these losses. The heat balance of the boiler is the equality of the heat directed to the boiler and the heat involved, made up of the useful heat used to generate hot water or steam, and heat losses from the operation of the boiler plant. For one kilogram of solid or liquid fuel, the heat balance is one cubic meter of gaseous fuel.

Condensate tanks. In boiler rooms equipped steam boilers, condensate tanks are installed to collect condensate. They are made from sheet steel at a procurement enterprise. Tanks are equipped with drain, overflow and air pipes and water-indicating glasses. Depending on the design solution, condensate tanks can be installed either in the pit or on the floor of the boiler room. In both cases, they are installed on antiseptic wooden bars.

Regardless of the installation site, it is advisable to mount the tanks with a jib crane to the ceiling device above their installation site. The coyadensate tank is painted in accordance with the project.

Pumps. To feed the boilers with water, manual, centrifugal and steam pumps are used.

Hand pumps are used, as a rule, in boiler rooms with sectional boilers in cases where the pressure in the network is not enough. Using a hand pump, you can also empty the boiler.

The hand pump is installed on the wall, at a height of 0.8-1 m, in a place convenient for maintenance. It is bolted to the board. Together with the pump fixed on it, the board is installed in the design position.

With this hand pump, water is sometimes removed from the pit for the condensate tank. For this purpose, a sump is arranged in the corner of the pit, into which a pipe with a diameter of 20-25 mm is lowered, the second end of the pipe is connected to the hand pump piping.

Centrifugal pumps are mounted according to the rules. During their installation, as well as during the installation of other equipment, it is necessary to observe the principle of industrialism as much as possible, i.e. pumps should be delivered to the installation site fully tied with pipelines and appropriate fittings. Condensate pumps must be installed so that they are under the bay.

Steam piston pumps(GOST 11376-71) are produced in two types: direct-acting two-cylinder horizontal (PDG) and direct-acting two-cylinder vertical (PDV) in general industrial and marine versions. AT symbol steam pump (for example, MPE 125/8), the first digit means the flow (in m3 / h), the second - the discharge pressure (in kgf / cm2).

Steam pumps are used as standby equipment for powering steam boilers. They are shipped from the factory, usually assembled with plugged pipes. In this case, the pumps are not inspected at the facility, the pumps are only washed to remove preservative grease; the condition of the shaft journals, bearings and seals is also checked. Steam pumps have a large mass and their installation in the design position is carried out using cranes or other rigging means.

Water heaters. The auxiliary equipment of the boiler room also includes Various types water heaters. They are installed, as a rule, on metal, concrete and reinforced concrete supports, as well as on brackets. Asbestos sheet 4-5 mm thick is laid between the water heater and the base. Fig. 6 shows the installation of a DHW cylinder as an example. Similarly, high-speed water heaters are installed. Water heaters can be installed not only in the boiler building, but also in heating points and other facilities. During their installation, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of pulling out internal bundles of pipes for repair, replacement, etc.

Water heaters are tested hydraulic pressure, 1.5 times the maximum operating pressure, but not less than 2 kgf/cm2 for the steam part and 4 kgf/cm2 for the water part. The test time and end results are the same as for sectional boilers.

Drafting machines. Draft fans include VD type blowers and D type smoke exhausters. These draft blowers are of cantilever type; they consist of the following units: running gear, impeller, volute and guide vane. The smoke exhauster differs from the fan in a more massive snail and working blades. Some modifications of smoke exhausters have a water-cooled bearing system.

Smoke exhausters and fans are mounted in the following order. On the foundation, a welded metal frame under the chassis and the volute, the upper branch pipe of which must be in the design position. After installation, support corners are welded to the snail (which were attached to it at the factory). Then, on the snail, a removable upper part for the possibility of installing an impeller with a shaft and an axial guide vane. After installing these parts and aligning the horizontal level of the shaft, the upper part of the volute is installed on an asbestos gasket. Next, an oil seal is welded, sealing the place where the shaft enters the volute, and the ease of rotation of the shaft by hand is checked, after which a bored coupling half is put on the motor shaft and an electric motor is installed on the foundation frame with the running gear. At the end of these operations, the supporting corners of the volute and the lower part of the support frame and the electric motor are poured with cement mortar. After the mortar has set, check the tightness of the anchor bolts and center the motor and chassis. A water pipe from pipes with a diameter of 15 mm is connected to the running gear coil (this operation is performed only when installing some designs of smoke exhausters), oil is poured into the running gear housing to the upper level at the risk of the oil indicator and a thermometer is installed. After performing these operations, the draft machine is considered prepared for launch.

Prior to the installation of boilers and auxiliary equipment, the following construction work must be completed, the laying of the walls of the boiler house building has begun, the installation of foundations for boilers, pumps, fans, hogs has been completed, the installation of floor coverings, underground air ducts and other channels and pits has been completed. The boiler room must be cleared of construction debris.

If the boiler room has a solid concrete floor with a thickness of at least 200 mm, then the boiler firebox is laid out directly on the floor. In the absence of a concrete floor, a concrete pad 300 mm thick is arranged under the boiler. Before installing a boiler with a bottom firebox on a hardened foundation, the walls of the firebox and gas ducts must be erected to the level of the lower heads of the sections of the firebox wall, into which the grate beams are laid.

The correctness of the laying of the beams is checked by the position of the grate laid on them.

Sections of the cast-iron boiler are assembled by resting them on the side walls of the furnace. Asbestos cardboard is laid under the section heads. Sections are connected on conical nipples. First, the extreme section is installed, and all the middle ones are successively attached to it, and then the front frontal. To prevent the assembled sections from falling, they are secured with side stops.

Before assembly, the sections are cleaned of molding earth, and internal surfaces nipple nests and the outer surfaces of the nipples - from rust. Nipple sockets are lubricated with graphite paste. A ring of asbestos cord, also impregnated with graphite paste, is wrapped around the middle of the nipple. The nipples are inserted into the top and bottom nipple sockets of the section.

Sections are pulled together with two coupling bolts inserted into the upper and lower nipple holes. Large diameter washers are laid under the nuts of the coupling bolt, which cover the nipple sockets. The sections are tightened by gradually tightening the nuts simultaneously on both bolts so that the section is not skewed. The gap between the nipple heads should not be more than 2 mm. So that the sections are not torn during assembly, they must be pulled together smoothly and evenly, without jerking.

Upon completion of the assembly of the package of sections, the mounting bolts are replaced with permanent tie-down bolts. Branches and tees are attached to the assembled packages, connecting both packages to each other.

Boiler installation can be carried out using packages assembled and tested at the installation plant. Such packages, consisting of a set of sections of one half of the boiler, are delivered to the facility and installed in place by a truck crane.

For the convenience of assembling sectional cast-iron boilers and for the safety of work, the device shown in fig. 124.

Rice. 124. A device for assembling sectional cast-iron boilers and schemes for its installation:
a - design, b - installation diagram of the fixture when assembling the Universal-1 and Universal 2 boilers, c - the same, when assembling the MG-2 boiler, d - the same, when assembling the Energia-3 boiler; 1 - extreme support posts, 2 - rail, 3 - screw grips 4 - cantilever support, 5 - middle support post

After assembly, the boilers are subjected to a hydraulic test. To do this, plugs are placed on all open pipes, leaving only holes for filling the boiler with water and for venting air. After filling the boiler with water, the pressure is raised to the set pressure using a hydraulic press connected to the boiler. Hot water boilers are tested with a pressure exceeding the working pressure by 20%, but not less than 0.4 MPa, and steam boilers with a pressure of 0.2 MPa higher than the working pressure. The assembly of boilers is considered correct if it does not fall within 5 minutes of being under a given pressure.

During the hydraulic test, there should be no leakage or sweating on the walls and connections of the boiler. If a leak or sweating occurs, the places of defects must be circled with chalk, the pressure should be gradually reduced, the water should be drained from the boiler, the faults should be eliminated and tested again.

Having finished hydraulic test, proceed to the installation of the furnace, lining the boiler with brickwork or large blocks of refractory concrete or installing a metal casing; they mount the grate, hang the front plate, the loading and ash door, attach the ash pan to the blast channel using the blast box, install the gate blocks, strengthen the ropes and counterweights.

Fittings are installed on the mounted boiler. Before installing the fittings on the boiler, they must be disassembled in order to check, clean and wipe, then reassemble and check for tightness and strength by hydraulic testing.

Centrifugal pumps are usually delivered to sites with electric motors tested and assembled into units on a slab. Before installing the pumps, it is necessary to clean the nests from construction debris, install anchor bolts according to the template, fix them at the required height and fill the nests with cement mortar. After two days, when the cement hardens, the nuts are loosened and the template is removed.

Then, placing wooden wedges, a centrifugal pump with an electric motor is placed on the bolts. The wedges are gradually moved apart so that the anchor bolts go completely into the holes of the pump plate and the electric motor. Then they screw on the nuts, align the centrifugal pump according to the plumb and level, pour it under the stove cement mortar, tighten the nuts, install the coupling guard. Blowers are installed in the same way.

Pipelines in the boiler room (Fig. 125) are assembled from parts and assemblies prepared at assembly plants in the following order. First, supply 1 and return 2 combs, air collectors 3, safety 4 and feed-bleed 10 lines are mounted. Then make a strapping 5 centrifugal pumps. Next, install collectors 9, sump 8, hand pump 6 and connect them by pipeline 7 to the boilers, pumps and system. The entire pipeline must be pre-checked against measurement cards. It is also recommended to check if the pipes and nodes are not clogged.

Rice. 125. General form pipelines in boiler rooms:
1 - supply manifold, 2 - return manifold, 3 - air collectors) 4 - safety line, 5 - piping of centrifugal pumps 6 - manual pump, 7 - pipeline to boilers and heating system, 8 - sump, 9 - distribution manifolds 10 - feed drain line

The pipeline is laid with a given slope of at least 0.002. The slopes of the pipeline should be directed towards the drainage devices, and the rise - towards the air-removing devices.

Pipelines are assembled by welding, with the exception of the section that is connected to the boiler and pump. Gate valves are installed and attached to the pipeline on flanges welded to it. The sections of pipelines assembled for welding must be carefully adjusted to each other. When installing pipelines in the boiler room, access to valves and other fittings should be provided. All pressure gauges must be installed so that their readings are visible from the floor. Pressure gauges in control units must be at the same height. Thermometer sleeves must be lowered into the pipeline. To install thermometers on pipelines of small diameter, it is recommended to weld sections of pipes with a diameter of 50 mm into them. So that the system can be filled with water or removed from it, hand pumps are installed in boiler rooms.

On the hot water boilers to prevent an increase in pressure above the permissible level, two lever safety valves. The outlet pipe from the valve is led to the sink in the boiler room in such a way that hot water could not burn the people in the boiler room.