Coarse water filter how to install. What are the functions of water filters? Basic rules for connecting a device
Water supplied to apartments and houses of consumers through the communication system often does not meet sanitary and hygienic requirements.
The point, sometimes, is not even that it can contain dissolved in it chemical compounds, not harmless to the human body - behind this question on water stations control is usually exercised.
The problem is different - solid insoluble particles are suspended in water. Filters help get rid of them. coarse cleaning.
- Removing floating points.
- Removal of rough hanging bodies.
For large areas surface water, in particular for industrial purposes and power plants, for pre-treatment are used different types moving systems. There are poppies and shadows in front of the beach. Precision slopes are used to avoid clogging with floating oils and greases.
The owners of private houses who receive water from natural sources (wells or nearby reservoirs) have a fairly clear picture - the water may contain particles of dirt, clay, organic matter, fine grains of sand, etc. By definition, they cannot do without a filter.
But residents in city apartments sometimes doubt whether they need to equip their internal network with such a device. Yes, water, of course, goes through various stages of purification, including mechanical, before it is served to the consumer.
Cartridge or cartridge
Bushes captured in digesters and sieves are removed by composting, digging, burning, pressing. Removing hanging artifacts. The main requirement of consumers quality quality water is to avoid using suspended or unusable components.
Lightly settled particles, usually of inorganic origin, are removed from the sedimentation. Slightly dispersed particles dispersed in water that do not remove sedimentation can be separated from the water by filtration or by inhalation. With the help of coagulating agents during ingestion, the most delicate unsalted suspensions and colloidal particles are removed from the water, which cannot be removed by precipitation or filtration. Neglect of flakes pass into flakes, which can be mechanically removed from the water.
However, the state of utility networks, main or intra-house, sometimes leaves much to be desired - the water flow carries along particles of scale, rust, limescale from the walls of the pipes.
Cleaning water intended for cooking or drinking with the help of household filters solves the problem quite one-sidedly.
Out of the water. silicon dioxide, aggressive carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, glue, alkali metals, gases, etc. high nitrate concentrations are also a big problem. Water oxidation is a technological process in which aggressive carbon dioxide is removed from water. The removal of aggressive carbon dioxide is mainly due to its corrosive effect on metal and concrete structures but also for hygienic reasons.
Aggressive water dissolves iron, mop, zinc and lead from plumbing and this may be a secondary cause various problems with health. De-acidification is carried out mechanically or by chemical means, and chemical composition water is the choice of this method. The goal is to adjust the water to the balance of the cave.
The trouble is that small particles have a pronounced abrasive effect, leading to rapid wear of sealing parts plumbing devices. Water metering devices also suffer from it.
Of particular danger is untreated water for built-in household appliances- washing and dishwashers, water heaters.
Based on mechanical de-acidification processes, carbon dioxide is removed by aeration. A practical technical solution for the mechanical deacidification process is by spraying water into air or blowing air into water. Marble, dolomite, decarbolites, etc. are used. devices used for dewatering with acidifying agents are open high-speed filters, t.s. pressure filters filled with dewaxing material and filter pores. The effect of deacidification is associated with operating temperature, grain size and filter filling height.
Yes, and ordinary taps can quickly become clogged with debris and dirt, which often leads to their complete failure.
the only in an efficient way to get rid of this will be the installation of a coarse filter.
The principle of its operation is simple - water passes through a fine-mesh metal mesh or other structure that retains solid particles suspended in it.
These parameters then affect the contact time of the dehydrated water with the filter mass. Its concentration is lower. The occurrence of manganese in itself is not common, even if such cases occur. The principle behind the removal of iron and manganese from groundwater is to convert it from a soluble form to an insoluble one.
For oxidation, an aerosol dissolved in water, chlorine, potassium permanganate or ozone is used as an oxidizing agent. As already mentioned, the delay and degreasing will occur simultaneously with the supply of water to balance the valerian. The rate of oxidation is related to the pH of the water and the composition of the water. Iron oxidizes more easily and is higher than manganese.
filtered in this way water is coming at the draw-off points or may be subjected, if necessary, to.
Filter types
Retaining a single principle of their work, filters can be different in shape, design, method of insertion into the water supply network, type of filter element, method of cleaning them from accumulated dirt.
Reticulate
This coarse water filter, as the name implies, the filter element here is a metal mesh, usually made of of stainless steel, with cells from 50 to 400 µm.
Casting and degreasing modes. Oxidation methods, alkalization with caustic soda hydroxide, contact stripping and deformation in the form of higher manganese oxides, removal of iron and manganese from organic complexes, degreasing and degreasing in rocks. Removal of ammonium, nitrite, nitrite and phosphorus.
Mesh and cartridge filters
They face serious problems in the treatment of surface and groundwater. Nitrite is mainly oxidized by chlorine or potassium permanganate to nitrite. Phosphorins can be removed by coagulation and sorption processes. Dusins can be removed from drinking water different ways. it chemical methods recovery, membrane processes of electrodialysis and reverse osmosis, biological denitrification and ion exchange.
This is the most common type of filter, characterized by long service life without replacing filter elements.
They may differ in the way they are inserted into the system, the layout and methods of periodic maintenance and cleaning.
Flanged and coupling
This difference is only in the way the filter is connected to water pipe. Where pipes are two or more inches in diameter, a flanged pre-filter is installed.
Removal of inorganic and organic micronutrients. Inorganic microencapsulation causes especially heavy metals and is eliminated by alkaline cleavage, sorption on activated carbon or other sorbents, on ion exchangers. Organic microenvironment which includes surfactants, pesticides, petroleum and petroleum oils, phenols, chlorinated hydrocarbons, etc. Can be eliminated mainly by adsorption on activated carbon or oxide oxides, potassium permanganate or chlorine oxides.
The removal of radioactive materials is carried out in various ways depending on the type of contaminants. Last technological process in the production of drinking water is to ensure health care. For this purpose, various disinfectants are used, which must be protected from transmission. infectious diseases and guarantee long-term bacteriological inalienability. The method of ensuring non-interaction of water is based on its quantity and composition, depending on the type of water source, the method of water purification and its transportation in accordance with local conditions and according to the disinfection process.
As a rule, this main water pipelines or interchanges in the basements of multi-storey buildings.
The bolted or stud connection of the flanges allows, if necessary, to remove the filter without dismantling the rest of the system elements.
Installation of flanges on pipes in the right place is provided for at the design stage of the water supply system.
Types of coarse filters
Hygienic safety procedures. Highest value for central drinking water supply- hygiene safety using chlorine or charcoal which releases active chlorine. Depending on water quality, temperature and contact time disinfectant with water. Due to the fact that chlorine has not only an oxidizing effect, but also a chlorine effect, it is not suitable for use as a disinfectant for water containing residual concentrations of phenols or humic acids.
Threaded filters are used on pipes of small diameter, including - and in living conditions.
Depending on the specific design, the filter can be screwed directly onto the pipe or connected to it with quick-release union nuts (“American”).
straight and oblique
All types of filters have inlet and outlet pipes and a tank (department), where the water is actually filtered.
Are there any differences in coarse water filters for a country house
Chloramination is mainly used where there is hygienic provision of group hydraulic structures in which drinking water is retained for a long time and its safety is necessary for a long time. Only chlorination occurs even with chlorination of water, which also contains inadequate concentrations of ammonium ions. In their presence, chloramines are formed, which, after a long time, are hydrolyzed to release chlorine. Excess chlorine can be stored in water longer than chlorine.
The location of this sump determines the division of products into oblique and straight lines.
With a straight filter, the sump is located perpendicular to the flow and directed downwards.
It can have quite impressive dimensions, which improves the quality of filtration.
The speed of the water flow when passing through a large-volume sump is significantly reduced, large particles of debris settle to the bottom. The water then passes through a mesh that keeps smaller suspended particles out.
Contact time, resp. the reaction time for chloramation is longer than for chlorination alone, at least 2 hours. In practice, chlorination is carried out by introducing an ammonium ion into the treated water before chlorine. Oxidation using chlorine dioxide.
The use of this method is limited by the complexity of the production of chlorine dioxide and, as a result, the greater cost of the disinfection process itself. The advantage, however, is to minimize the formation of chlorinated hydrocarbons, since chlorine dioxide has only oxidation products, unlike chlorine.
The oblique filter differs even visually - its sump is located at an angle to the direction of the water flow.
They are used where the use of a direct filter is impossible due to the lack of free space, i.e. the pipe is located too close to the floor surface, or on vertical sections of water pipes.
Their sump is closed with a screw plug or a flanged cover.
Another recently used disinfectant is ozone, obtained from an aerosol or pure oxygen with a high volumetric moisture content. Ozone, which has energy-rich molecules, can quickly speak of the heat of oxygen. The resulting oxygen has significant oxidative activity.
The advantage of ozone disinfection is a significant disinfection activity and a significant improvement in the sensory properties of water. The oxidizing products of ozone can be used for water discoloration, smoking, floating. degreasing and oxidation of some toxic water compounds.
Mud pans with flushing system
According to the cleaning method, filters can be non-flushed - "mud filters" and equipped with a cleaning system.
- "Muds", which include all oblique filters and some of the straight ones, are equipped with a removable cover. Cleaning in case of obvious clogging or periodic maintenance involves disassembling the device.
- Direct filters with a flushing system are equipped with an outlet cock through which the accumulated sediment can be drained and the device can be cleaned with direct or reverse flow of water.
Cartridge or cartridge
In domestic conditions, cartridge type filters are often used. They are a wall-mounted structure with an impressive flask made of transparent or opaque material.
Unfortunately, there are high energy costs for the production of ozone and more polluted water and its rapid consumption. In such cases, secondary contamination can be expected. Ozone is much more effective than disinfection and oxidation. chlorine. Ozone has a maximum chlorination or chloramation when the virus is inactivated. Although ozonation is included in the potable water technology process, it is the ultimate hygienic assurance of chlorination.
Disinfection of small groundwater uses the oligodynamic effect of some heavy metals. Other disinfection methods include the use of ultraviolet radiation, which is still used, especially for small sources and for additional water treatment in homes and the food industry.
Replaceable cartridges are installed inside, some of which play the role of a coarse filter.
Replacement elements are made of polypropylene pressed fiber or twisted thread, or polyester. Their filtering ability may be different, but for rough mechanical cleaning cartridges of 20-30 microns are used.
Management of sediments of water, repaired. Sludge sedimentation = precipitated crumbs from raw water and flakes and deposits created by inoculation or collision of colloidal particles. Unlike sewage sludge, this sludge contains mainly inorganic initial sludge, which is practically useless. It should be stored as useless waste. Only in exceptional cases are the original chemical sorcerers restored.
In the process of water purification, the following types of sludge are formed. The amount of individual types of sediment is related to the technological process of water treatment, the quality of the inlet water, the requirements for the quality of the treated water, the amount and type of coagulating or hardening agent.
Clogged elements are not subject to washing, they are replaced with new ones as necessary.
There are, however, on sale cartridges, which are a metal mesh - they can be serviced when clogged.
Most often, such cartridge filters are installed after preliminary rough water purification, making them another stage of mechanical filtration.
What to remove treatment facilities?
Thicken, drain. . Therefore, in this case, read on, we will advise you. Our company is a major manufacturer and supplier of wastewater treatment plants and treatment facilities in the Czech Republic. This is primarily the purification of water from detergents, fats and large pieces of mess, such as toilet paper. But the cleaner can playfully clean wastewater and bacteria everywhere. The output of the purifier is high quality pure purified water, purified from detergents, laundries, showers and toilets with a minimum amount of stabilized sludge.
Honeywell coarse water filter
One of the recognized leaders among manufacturers of water purification systems is the company Honeywell. Coarse mechanical filters are represented by a wide range of models.
The layout concept of these filters is the same - it is a metal case with inlet and outlet threaded pipes and a metal or transparent flask.
A stainless mesh with a cell of 100 microns is installed inside it.
The manufacturer supplies all its products with a set of "American women" that allows you to tie into any type of water supply.
All Honeywell filters are equipped with a flushing valve. Simpler models work on the principle of direct flushing with a stream of water.
More complex and expensive products have a built-in backwash device that provides a deep cleaning of the mesh.
Many filters have a pressure gauge that shows the water pressure in the system.
In addition, there are products equipped with a water reducer that prevents the phenomenon of water hammer during pressure surges in the main network.
Honeywell filters are distinguished by the highest quality and a guaranteed long service life. If there is an opportunity to purchase a product from this particular company, do not hesitate and buy.
Installation and maintenance
When installing and maintaining filters, certain rules must be followed.
How to install
- It is best to put the primary filter before the counter. As a rule, the space there is very limited, so they resort to installing an oblique filter - it will protect the meter mechanism from damage or clogging with large particles.
- An oblique filter is placed on a horizontal section of the pipe, if possible, with the flask down - this will facilitate the process of washing it. The direction of movement of the water flow must be taken into account - it is always marked with an arrow on the body of any product. An oblique filter can also be placed on a vertical section of the water supply, but only on condition that the water flow is from top to bottom.
- For a direct filter, only a horizontal section is needed. Be sure to take into account the possibility of removing the flask for routine maintenance.
- When installing a coarse water filter with a direct flushing system, you can optionally organize a reverse flush. To do this, a bypass loop of the water supply is mounted with a system of taps that can switch the water flow in the filter to the opposite one.
How to unscrew
Sooner or later, but you have to disassemble the filter to clean it or replace the mesh or cartridge. To a greater extent, this applies to "mud collectors" that are not equipped with a flushing system.
Before disassembling the device, it is imperative to relieve the pressure in the system by shutting off the general water supply.
Oblique filters are usually equipped with a plug having hexagonal slots for a wrench.
Plumbers give advice: immediately replace the paronite gasket with a winding of tow - so the process of regularly removing the plug for cleaning will be greatly simplified, without losing the tightness of the connection.
The flasks of vertical direct filters are removed either using wrenches, or the curly wrench included in the kit. At reverse installation it is necessary to check the condition of the rubber seals.
How to clean the coarse water filter
After disassembling the oblique filter, the accumulated dirt is drained from the chamber into a substituted container.
The mesh is removed, cleaned of adhering dirt, washed with a stream of water or blown with a stream compressed air. If the mesh is damaged, it will need to be replaced.
In a straight-type sump, a flask is removed, from which the precipitate is drained. The grid is also washed or blown, or a new replacement cartridge is installed.
With filters that have a flushing system, everything is much simpler. It is enough to regularly open the tap located at the bottom of the flask and clean the grid and the flask with water pressure. taking her to drainage pipe or collecting in a substituted container.
Even better, if the owner was not too lazy and installed a backwash system - the tap closes to distribute water after the filter, i.e. it is redirected to the filter housing by reverse flow. In this case, the mesh cells are cleared much better.
So, there is nothing complicated in the device and regular maintenance of the mechanical coarse water filtration system. But the relatively small costs of organizing it will pay off handsomely smooth operation plumbing fixtures and household appliances.
Coarse water filters for summer cottages and apartments are used as independent devices or as the first stage in complex systems fine cleaning. Their installation not only increases consumer qualities liquids, but also protects water-consuming and water-heating equipment. In complex systems, the presence of such a device reduces the intensity of contamination of filters (cartridges) of subsequent stages, increasing their service life and reducing operating costs.
The main purpose of coarse water filters is to retain large insoluble particles, both hard and soft. If in individual water supply systems such impurities are mostly sand, clay or silt coming from a source (well or well), then in centralized communications they are rust particles from old pipes. No matter how well the cleaning is carried out after extraction (from artesian wells or reservoirs), in the process of its transportation to consumers through old communications, which are a common misfortune of public utilities in almost all regions, the water quality deteriorates noticeably.
Separately, we note that it is imperative to install a coarse water filter before in order to avoid its breakdowns.
Device types
A coarse filter for water for a summer residence from a similar device for a house or apartment may differ in performance ( throughput), however, regardless of this characteristic, all models can be divided into several types depending on their device.
1. Mesh devices are simple and efficient. This category can be further subdivided into two classes:
- needing manual cleaning(mud collectors),
- having a self-cleaning function and a drainage outlet for draining dirty water.
Mesh filters for water purification for an apartment can be installed on the mains of both cold and hot water supply. In private houses and summer cottages, they are mounted up to the heating block, thus cleaning the entire flow at the same time.
Depending on the initial quality of the liquid, a coarse filter mesh is selected with a mesh size from 20 to 500 microns.
Mesh filter - the easiest option for coarse cleaning for water By type of installation distinguish between flanged and coupling devices of this type. Mesh nozzles that are installed directly on taps should also be included in this category.
2. Cartridge filters are used in complex systems, for example, in multi-stage devices mounted under the sink, or stand-alone. They can be filled with filter material (usually the cartridges are made of polyester or non-woven polypropylene) or have a similar mesh insert.
- the first, when contaminated, must be replaced,
- the latter can be easily detached, washed and reinstalled.
Important: For information on whether the cartridge / mesh can be restored or replaced, look on the packaging.
The advantage of cartridge filters is high quality cleaning (hold particles 0.5-30 microns).
Such coarse filters for water, or rather their housings, can be plastic or steel.
- The former are optimally suited for cold water pipelines. Their transparent body makes it easy to control the degree of contamination.
- The latter are able to withstand high temperatures, so they are mounted on DHW lines.
3. Pressure models They are a reservoir with filter material into which water is supplied with pressure. Despite some inconvenience associated with the need to place a rather bulky structure, such products are optimally suited for removing impurities of different fractions (having different particle sizes).
Principle of operation
Regardless of device, general principle the operation of such filters is the creation of an obstacle for the passage of particles of insoluble impurities. Mesh filters for water purification provide this opportunity due to the size of the cells filled with filter material, cartridge models - due to small size gaps between its particles (granules), as well as due to the ability of silt, clay or other impurities to settle on the material with a decrease in flow rate, which is observed when an obstacle in the form of a filter layer appears in the path of water.
In cottages and private houses, filters with material (backfill) are used not in the form of cartridges that do not have a very high performance, but in the form of separate tanks (one- or two-chamber).
Installation and cleaning
The method of installing a coarse filter on water is chosen depending on the design, however, experts recommend choosing detachable connections not only for models that need to be periodically removed from the system for flushing, but also for stationary models, including bulk tanks. This will make it easy to dismantle the structure if repairs are necessary.
Please note that filters are mounted at the water inlet to the apartment (house) before its subsequent wiring to water consumption points in front of the meter.
Important securely seal all joints to prevent leakage. The presence of valves allows you to shut off the water supply during revision, cleaning and repair. Stationary models often complement bypass lines to provide water supply in case of emergency.
The easiest way to install mesh filters on the water:
- flanged models are mounted in a flange,
- couplings cut directly into the pipeline.
It is important to remember that installing a filter can increase the overall length of the communications section.
The diagram shows how to properly install a coarse filter using the example of a mesh pre-filter - A self-cleaning coarse filter requires a drain pipe to be connected to the sewer.
- Cartridges are easily installed in a complex filter connected according to the attached diagram.
Backfill tanks are distinguished by a complex connection scheme, since the principle of backwashing is used for their cleaning, which means that the piping of such filters provides for turning off the direct flow, supplying water for the time of washing through the bypass line, returning the washing liquid and draining dirty water during the washing process.
The operation of coarse water filters with the possibility of self-cleaning does not require any intervention from the user in the absence of malfunctions.
If we talk about how to clean the coarse filter, then the simplest mesh filters must be dismantled, after blocking the water flow. After that, the accumulated retained particles of rust, sand, etc. are shaken off the grid, after which the grid and the body are thoroughly washed and the structure ready for work is installed in place.
Choice
The main characteristics of filters for coarse water purification are their performance and the linear size of the retained particles.
The filter performance is selected according to the volume of consumption in order to avoid interruptions in the supply or a significant reduction in pressure. When using low-performance filters, storage tanks are often installed, where water is collected at a time when no one is using the tap, and when the latter is opened, it provides the necessary flow.
The size of the grid cells or the ability to retain particles of a certain size must correspond to the quality of the initial liquid, the type and amount of insoluble impurities. If a fine-mesh model is installed to treat heavily polluted water, it will have to be removed and rinsed too often. In some cases, filters with large and fine meshes are installed in series.
detailed information about the choice is on our website in a separate article.
Popular filter models
Many well-known manufacturers in the production of coarse filters for water, they improve their products in certain directions. Therefore, the products of many brands have characteristics which should be taken into account when choosing structures.
Photos of different filters
