Caring for tomatoes in August in a greenhouse. How to feed tomatoes in August in a greenhouse: types of fertilizers. Caring for tomatoes in the fall. Root top dressing of tomatoes

The main task at the end of summer is to accelerate their maturation and protect against various diseases. What to do to make vegetables feel good? A number of rules must be observed.

Features of care

In August, like in any other month, to get good harvest, will have to try. To begin with, it is worth noting that tomatoes in middle lane Russia is recommended to grow in a greenhouse. Of course, there are a number of areas in which to get delicious vegetables possible in open ground, - Tambov, Rostov, Voronezh; however, it is better not to risk it. If you live in the Leningrad or Pskov regions, one option is growing in a greenhouse. But this is not enough! In order for the tomatoes to ripen, fertilizers should be correctly applied and various agrotechnical methods should be used to accelerate the appearance of fruits.

Feeding

A number of problems in tomatoes grown in a greenhouse are due to the fact that plants do not have enough balanced nutrition. Most gardeners act like this: they simply scatter fertilizer on the ground and rake through. But you should not do this - the nutrients will not be absorbed by the vegetables. It is better to feed with liquid means in previously made furrows, and before fertilizing, you must not forget to irrigate.

In the greenhouse at the end of summer, tomatoes have an increased need for potassium. In view of this, it is necessary to fertilize the bushes with wood ash or potassium.

If you see that the leaves of the plants have brightened, this signals a lack of nitrogen. Irrigation with a solution of urea will help correct the situation. The lack of phosphorus is manifested in the form of crushing of the leaves and their acquisition of a purple hue. In this case, the introduction of bird droppings will help correct the situation.

Watering rules

Care also consists in ensuring proper watering - it should be carried out only under the root. Moisture can be applied in a standard or drip way. Sprinkling should not be used - it has Negative influence for flowering and fruit set. Among other things, the humidity of the air becomes higher, which leads to the spread of fungal infections.

Bush formation

Tomatoes require the formation of a bush. If this procedure is not followed, high yield will not. How to conduct a stepchild correctly? Remove any extra shoots that appear in the axils of each leaf. If you do not remove them, a huge mass of leaves and stems will form on the plant, which means that more shoots will appear, and so on ad infinitum. As a result, overgrown vegetables in the greenhouse acquire many flowers and ovaries, but fruits do not form from them. Maybe they are formed, but they do not ripen, which is also bad.

• After the tomatoes have formed 5 brushes, it is necessary to pinch the tops and limit the growth of the culture in height. As a result, nutrients will go to the formation of fruits. The pinching procedure is quite simple.
• The apical buds should be pinched so that 2 leaves remain above each of the brushes.
• The leaves are not removed, it is worth getting rid of only the lower yellowed leaves, which make hilling difficult.

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Disease prevention

In August, tomatoes suffer from different kind diseases. To prevent their occurrence, you should take some measures.

Caring for tomatoes in August (video)

Prevention of late blight

Caring for tomatoes involves processing the fruits with Acrobat, Oxyhom and Azofos. At the same time, you should not wait until the fruits ripen. As soon as the vegetables begin to turn brown, it is better to switch to the Bordeaux mixture. The last treatment is carried out 20 days before the start of the harvest. In the process, they are sprayed with a solution of boric acid.

To protect plants from phytophthora, you should follow 2 simple rules:

• When the fruits have gained the required mass, but have not yet turned red, remove them if the temperature outside has dropped below +10 degrees. This is necessary in order to avoid the occurrence of the disease.
• Do not plant crops next to potatoes. The disease quickly passes from one plant to another.

Fusarium prevention

It is necessary to protect tomatoes from fusarium. The following sign will help to notice the infection - the plant begins to significantly lag behind in growth.

You can defeat Fusarium in a greenhouse as follows - treat the culture with infusion of celandine and stinging nettle. It is prepared like this:

• take a 50-liter container;
• put 4.5 kilograms of herbs in it;
• fill with 4 buckets of water;
• wait a day.

The infusion is mixed with water in a ratio of 1 to 5, and each plant is treated once a week. The tomato should account for a liter of solution.

General rules for prevention

Care involves following simple preventive rules:

• Observe the required humidity and temperature regime ventilate the greenhouse.
• In the fall, be sure to destroy all plant debris and dig up the soil.
• Choose varieties specifically for your climate zone.
• Choose the right predecessor plant and observe crop rotation.
• Fertilize, loosen the soil and fight weeds regularly.

About the benefits of kombucha

Tomatoes, like people, are useful tea mushroom. They should be used like this:

• take a 10-liter pan;
• fill it with water;
• add 50 grams of green and black tea, half a glass of sugar;
• boil the solution for 13 minutes;
• cool to +30 degrees, put the mushroom in the pan and cover with gauze.

That's all! Now wait 20 days and you can spray the plants. This will provide them with protection from phytophthora.

Striking

If you see that the culture has become ill with a streak - strokes and stripes appear on the stems, and dark spots- Eliminate infected bushes. How to do it? Plants must be burned, otherwise the infection will spread to other vegetables. The rest of the crops will have to be shed with a solution of potassium permanganate, and then the bushes are fed with microelements along the leaves.

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August is the time for tomato, on the tomato bushes the fruits quickly pour and ripen en masse. To make the tomato crop happy, the fruits turn out tasty, sweet, without cracks and damage, and most importantly, bring the plants healthy until the end of the season, it is necessary to observe the following rules in the care of tomatoes in August:

1. Watering. In August, when the fruits of tomatoes are poured, they first acquire a milky shade, and then a varietal color, it is necessary to carefully monitor the moisture content of the soil, to prevent its drying out and waterlogging. Watering tomatoes in August should not be done much, but regularly, in the heat after 2-3 days, in the cool after 3-5 days, and in rainy weather it is not needed at all. Such errors in care as abundant, but rare watering or constant waterlogging of the soil leads to cracking of the tomato.

2. During the ripening period, tomatoes consume a lot of potassium. As a fertilizer for a tomato in August, an infusion of wood ash. To prepare it, pour a glass of ash with 1-2 liters of boiling water and leave for about an hour. Then dilute the prepared infusion in a bucket of water and fertilize the tomatoes 1 liter under the root. Feeding tomatoes with wood ash can be done every week.

To prevent and treat blossom end rot, do foliar top dressing calcium nitrate. Dilute 1 tablespoon of fertilizer in a bucket of water and spray the plants over the leaves with this solution.

3. Tomatoes need protection from diseases in August , since at this time are created favorable conditions for the development of many diseases - various leaf spots and phytophthora, which affects the fruits. As a preventive measure of diseases, until the first signs appear, it is necessary to spray with "Fitosporin" or "Trichoderma veride", the microorganisms included in their composition inhibit the development of pathogens, disease-causing plants. Spraying is best done in the morning, well wetting the leaves, stems, fruits and soil around. After treatment with these biological agents, the crop can be harvested on the same day, since these preparations are safe for people, insects, animals, the fruits can be eaten immediately after thorough washing.

4. If the tops of the shoots were not removed at the beginning of August, then do it now , further growth of the tops is not needed, new flower brushes will not have time to produce a crop, and all the forces and nutrients of the plants should be directed to the ripening of already formed fruits.

In order to accelerate the ripening of tomatoes and prevent the occurrence of diseases in tomatoes, leaves are removed., starting from the first brush and up. As soon as the fruits begin to stain on the first brush, remove the leaves to the next fruit brush. Tomato leaves should be cut off gradually no more than 3-5 pieces at a time.

Tomato leaves should be pruned in dry weather using a sterile tool. After removing the leaves, the tomatoes will begin to sing faster, as the nutrients will only go to the fruits.

5. Tomatoes in the open field in late August - early September have to be protected from temperature extremes and dew as long as the plants stay dry, they are healthy. To do this, at night, tomato beds are covered with spunbond or agrotex from above. Condensation forms in the greenhouse due to temperature changes, which increases the humidity of the air, therefore, despite the cold snap, the windows and doors must be kept open.

6. In August, tomatoes are harvested from the bushes when they are dyed in varietal color. , this is a sign that the fruits have accumulated maximum amount sugars and nutrients. With the threat of frost in September or with the massive development of diseases, the fruits have to be harvested green, they will ripen in a warm room, but they will be inferior in taste to those that are plucked ripe from the bush.

The main tasks of gardeners in August are to protect against diseases and accelerate the ripening of tomatoes. Read on for more information on how to do this.

What do tomatoes need during fruiting

The peak of summer is over, the tomatoes have grown large and are bearing fruit. At this time, the plant absorbs a lot of water, so watering is very important now.

During the ripening period, sharp changes in soil moisture should not be allowed. Excess or excessive drying leads to negative changes in fruit quality. Cracking occurs, the skin becomes thick, dry and does not chew.

To increase the collection of tomatoes proper watering not very effective, there are other care measures.

Top dressing of tomatoes in the greenhouse

Often deficient necessary components in nutrition causes problems during cultivation. Gardeners often apply fertilizer incorrectly. Of course, it is easier to scatter mineral water under the bushes or plant it in the soil. Such an application is not recommended, since dry raw materials are poorly absorbed by the plant, and part useful elements remain inaccessible to the roots.

Proper feeding of tomatoes is always necessary liquid solutions. This is especially necessary for fruit-bearing plants that need strength. Always apply liquid fertilizers to the grooves or the bed before “working” with a pitchfork - punctures are often made: in increments of 20-30 cm. And another important point in feeding, apply solutions only to previously spilled soil.

Root top dressing
In August, when there is abundant maturation, the need for potassium doubles. Wood ash helps restore balance. Make the solution in a 10-liter bucket, adding a glass of ash. KaliMag fertilizer "works" well, use according to the instructions.

It is worth paying attention to the color of the leaves, if light - this is a lack of nitrogen. Pour urea (10 l + 1 tbsp). If the tops have acquired a purple-violet hue, superphosphate is required (1-l + 2 tbsp).

To increase fees, let's infusion chicken manure. Dry is available for everyone, sold everywhere. In 10 liters, melt under a film / lid 0.5 kg. 3-4 days is enough. Dilute 1:20 to use. Consumption per bush - 1 liter.

Foliar top dressing
It is no less effective to spray tomatoes with nutrient mixtures. To do this, buy Microvit-11, Multi-7, Agricola or take any complex fertilizers with micronutrients.

What to do in August with flower stalks?

In the middle lane, the ovaries usually do not have time to ripen. They will not produce quality fruits. Usually the period from a bud to a well-ripened tomato takes 35-45 days. Removal helps to shorten the period green tomatoes followed by dosing.

In the first decade of August, pinch the tops of tall bushes. The forces of the plant will be directed to late-set and small fruits.

What to do if the tomatoes are sick

The appearance on the stems of dark stripes in the form of strokes, and on the leaves of spots a sign viral disease"streak". The affected bushes cannot be cured, they are immediately removed, as the disease spreads rapidly. For prevention, spill the rest with potassium permanganate (dark pink solution), and also spray with microelements.

In August, another disease is actively spreading - phytophthora. Treat at the first sign Bordeaux liquid(1%) or blue vitriol(per bucket 1 tbsp./L). Fitosporin is a guarantee against this trouble. Acting according to the instructions and applying several stages of processing, the disease does not occur on tomatoes. To do this, before planting, it is spilled and added several times to the irrigation water. Phytosporin is sprayed when ovaries appear and then every two weeks.

From late blight, you can use folk recipes, of which there are many, they are no less effective and harmless to health.

Folk remedies for phytophthora

It is too late to spray tomatoes from photofluorosis when signs of the disease appear. You can only stop the spread. Preventive action is required to prevent the onset of the disease. Almost all folk recipes apply the first time at the beginning of flowering, the second - after two weeks. Until the end of the season 4-5 more times, with pauses of 10-15 days.

Infusion of garlic is made from 100 g of crushed any parts of the plant (arrows, tops, cloves). The resulting mass must be poured with a glass of water. After a day, decant and bring the solution to 10 liters. spray on the leaves of tomatoes 2 times a month.

Milk serum works well, but requires weekly spraying. Procedures should be started from the beginning of July. Dilute with water 1:1.

Milk with iodine favorable for the development of bushes and helps against phytophthora. Apply 2 times a month (10 l + 1 l of milk + 15 drops of iodine).

wood ash used 10 days after planting seedlings. The second time at the beginning of the formation of ovaries.

Yeast effective at the first signs of late blight. In a 10 liter bucket, dissolve 100 g of fresh yeast. Spraying is in progress.

Trichopolum/Metronidazole tablets bought at a pharmacy and used for spraying. Solution: 1 liter of water + 1 tablet. Processing 2 times a week.


Proper care of tomatoes in August will help increase the yield by 1.5 times. It is important to prevent diseases, properly water, feed and pinch tall tomatoes.

Not everyone knows how to properly organize the watering of tomatoes during fruiting in August, especially if it is grown in a polycarbonate greenhouse.

In principle, the most significant difference lies precisely in the conditions - open ground or greenhouses. And already the material from which it is made gives only nuances in the organization of irrigation.

Main difference greenhouse conditions lies in high humidity air, more tangible daily temperature fluctuations, an increase in the chance of plants overheating during the day. These features not only allow you to get ripe tomatoes much faster, but also the need to take a more serious approach to organizing watering and protecting against pests and diseases.

Central Rules

If we summarize the basic principles on how to water tomatoes in a greenhouse, we get just a few central rules that must be observed without fail:

1. Unlike growing on open ground, watering tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse is less frequent - no more than twice a week.
2. Each tomato bush requires approximately four liters of water.
3. It is better to pour water under the root, without affecting the leaves and stem.
4. The best time to water is the minimum time solar activity(morning evening).

Normal tomato growth requires maintaining the humidity level near the ground in the region of 90%, and near the bush - up to 48%. Such differentiation will protect the plant from most viral diseases and at the same time maintain sufficient moisture.

The choice regarding how often to water tomatoes in a greenhouse may also depend on the variety, the characteristics of the local climate and soil, and, of course, the method of watering itself.

Watering methods

• manual;
• drip;
• automatic irrigation.

The ideal method will be considered the one that meets the conditions described above - that is, most of the moisture is transferred to the soil, produced during the specified hours, allowing you to dose the amount of water received for each plant individually.

Manual way

The most common, frequently occurring mistakes in manual watering:

- unnecessarily cold water(for example, if you take it directly from a well or a deep reservoir). Experts recommend collecting liquid in advance in some kind of sump barrel so that it warms up in the sun in a day;

- excessive watering of tomatoes during fruiting in the greenhouse, when water gets even more on the leaves, fruits and stem of the plant than on the soil. Even through polycarbonate, the sun can cause a burn, using water droplets as miniature but powerful lenses.

Drip irrigation

It is more rational to water tomatoes with a drip method if the polycarbonate greenhouse is large, and manually processing it all is too long and troublesome. In addition, this method offers other advantages:

• low organization costs;
• it is easier to organize the flow of water directly to the roots;
• reduction of water consumption;
• often - increased productivity;
• there is no chance to saline or wash the soil;
• You can water with a minimum of effort and at any convenient time.

Drip irrigation is usually organized using a specially equipped hose, but there are more economical option — plastic bottles. The only negative here is that the bottles will have to be periodically filled manually.

To organize this method of watering, you will need to take two-liter (preferably more) plastic bottles, cut off their bottom. Then the bottle is dug in near the bush with its neck down, preferably deeper. To make the water flow more slowly, you can screw the neck with a lid, and make several holes (or one large one) in it. A very clear diagram of the operation of such a device is displayed in the photo.

Well, the final step is to fill the bottle with water. So the liquid will go directly to the roots, which is especially important during fruiting, or in especially hot months (for example, August), especially sunny periods.

Automatic irrigation

If a polycarbonate greenhouse has a huge, industrial size, then the best option automatic irrigation will be organized.

On the Internet and on specialized sites you can find detailed video settings for such a system different varieties, conditions, coverage areas. There is also presented detailed information about the types of such systems.

Automatic watering has only one drawback - the high cost of acquisition. With the Internet, installation, installation and configuration have become much more understandable and accessible to the average user.

Watering and fertilizing

A few more important questions are related to the difference in the periods of plant development.

Before the appearance of fruits, watering tomatoes in a polycarbonate greenhouse is very careful - closed space maintains the humidity of the air and the upper layer of the soil, and it makes no sense to moisten the soil deeply, since the plant does not yet have a powerful root system. During the engraftment of seedlings for a week, it is recommended to do up to two waterings, depending on the condition of the plant. In hot periods (August) it is possible a little more often.

From the moment fruiting begins, you can increase the number of waterings per week. But here it is important not to overdo it - since a polycarbonate greenhouse retains moisture, you need to constantly monitor the level of air dampness and, if necessary, ventilate it often.

In fact, the question of how often it is worth watering tomatoes in a greenhouse can objectively be given only by focusing on the plants themselves and the soil near them. If the tomatoes dry up, then there is not enough water, if they start to hurt or rot, they water too often.

Another summer is coming to an end, but the weather is excellent, and the greenhouse tomato bushes are still sprinkled with many unripe fruits (which are smaller, which are larger). Relying on chance is dangerous, the second half of August is full of surprises. It is imperative to spur the plants with additional top dressing, which contributes to the speedy development of the remaining fruits.

Quick Recipes:

• By mid-August, abundantly fruiting tomato bushes are in an exhausted state and are in dire need of potassium. In order to support their "last push", pour them under the root with a solution of wood ash (1 cup per 10 liters of water). If available, it is even better to use the special fertilizer "Kalimag" (12 g per 1 m2).
• If the bushes began to noticeably turn yellow, but there are still a lot of green fruits left on them, feed them with urea at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. 10 liters of water so that they can stay active for some time.
• Give your tomatoes injections of vodka directly into the center of each fruit (0.5 ml in total). As a result, ripening can be accelerated by 1-1.5 weeks, and the taste and quality of the fruit will not suffer.
• Top dressing recipe for accelerated ripening of tomatoes! In a small amount warm water completely dissolve 25 g of superphosphate. Pour the resulting solution into a bucket, add 5 liters pure water, 10 drops of iodine, 10 g of dry yeast, 150 ml of natural apple cider vinegar. Mix everything thoroughly with each other and use clean water to fill the bucket almost to the top. Cover the container with gauze on top and put it in warm room to infuse for 12 hours. Apply the composition immediately after evening watering, spending 1 liter of nutrient mixture on each bush.

Don't forget about other activities:

• Pinch off all new flowers so that they do not turn into an ovary and do not distract the last forces of plants.
• Also pinch the tops of the bushes so they stop growing up and focus on growing what has already formed.
• Do not wait until the fruits are fully ripe on the branches. Once they grow up to right size, pluck them and ripen at home.
• Apply a 1% Bordeaux mixture to prevent phytophthora from damaging the bushes until they have given up most of the crop.
• Do not be zealous with watering. Excessive moisture at the end of the season is a late blight provocateur. The roots of tomatoes by this time have already gone deep underground, so the plants need less additional feeding.

Whatever you say, tomatoes from your garden are much more tender and fragrant, and therefore it is worth fighting for their harvest. For preparations, you can also take strong Turkish oval tomatoes at 32 rubles / kg (price on August 9, 2018) in the nearest chain supermarket, but it is better to prefer your own relatives for vitamin salads.