How to make a heat pump. Assembly technology of a water-to-water heat pump with heat extraction from a well. Types of domestic heat pumps

Heat pumps make it possible to collect dissipated energy from surrounding nature: air, water and earth, accumulate and send it to heat the house. Energy is also used to heat water for washing or air conditioning in rooms. This makes it possible to save money by reducing the consumption of traditional heat sources: electricity, gas, firewood. In the article we will tell you how to make a heat pump with your own hands.

What is a geothermal pump

First you need to understand what a geothermal pump is, and on what principle it works, because it is he who is the heart of the entire device we are describing.

It's not a secret for anyone that above zero temperature is always maintained in the thickness of the earth. In the same state is the water under the ice. In this relatively warm environment, a closed pipeline with liquid is placed.

The scheme of operation of heat pumps is quite simple and is based on the inverse Carnot principle:

  1. The coolant, moving along the outer contour, is heated from the selected source and enters the evaporator.
  2. There he exchanges energy with the refrigerant (usually freon).
  3. Freon boils, goes into gaseous state and compressed by the compressor.
  4. Hot gas (it heats up in the range of 35–65 o C) enters another heat exchanger, in which it gives up its heat to the heating or hot water supply system of the house.
  5. The cooled refrigerant becomes liquid again and returns to a new circle.

Refrigerator pump

The main part of the system is the compressor. It is better to buy it ready-made in the store or use it from a refrigerator or air conditioner. All other components - evaporator, condenser, pipeline - can be assembled by yourself. Such an apparatus will consume energy only for compression and heat transfer, while generating 5 times more.

When using an old compressor, one must expect that its service life may be short and the system capacity will decrease. In addition, the power of a worn compressor may not be enough for the full operation of the system.

Some craftsmen went further and made a heat pump from a refrigerator, placing radiators inside it, heated by the heat of the earth. Positive temperature is constantly maintained inside, which makes the refrigerator work constantly, heating the radiator located behind it. Using a native radiator, they make a heat exchanger out of it (or make a home-made one), take away the heat generated by it.

The efficiency of such heat pump more suitable for demonstrating the operation of the device, since its efficiency is very low. In addition, the refrigerator is not designed for this mode of operation and can quickly fail.

Types of heat pumps

There are three types of pumps, depending on the heat source:

"soil-water"

"water-water"

"air-water"

Installation of the "soil-water" type uses the heat of the bowels. The temperature of the earth at horizons of more than 20 m always remains unchanged, therefore the pump can generate the necessary energy all year round. There are two mounting options:

  • vertical shaft;
  • horizontal manifold.

In the first case, a well is drilled with a depth of about 50–100 m and pipes with a circulating coolant, a special non-freezing liquid, are placed in it.

At a depth of 5 m, collectors are laid along which the coolant also moves. To heat a house with an area of ​​150 m 2, a plot of at least 250 m 2 is required, and it cannot be used for agricultural planting. Only decorative lawn and flower beds are allowed.

The water-to-water pump uses the energy of water from lakes, wells or wells. Some manage to extract heat even from drains. The main thing is that the filter does not clog and the metal does not collapse.

This type usually shows the most high efficiency, but it is not possible to install it on every suburban area, and the use of groundwater requires a permit. Such devices are more typical for industrial production.

The air-to-water design is less efficient than the first two, as output is greatly reduced in winter. On the other hand, during its installation it is not necessary to drill or dig anything. The unit is simply mounted on the roof of the house.

As already mentioned, it is preferable to buy a ready-made compressor. Any model used in air conditioners is suitable.

We assemble all other components ourselves:

  1. A stainless steel tank with a capacity of about 100 liters is taken as the condenser body. It is cut in half and inside a coil is mounted from a copper tube with a wall thickness of at least 1 mm. Soldered into the shell threaded connections to connect to the loop. After that, parts of the tank can be welded.
  2. For an evaporator, an 80 liter polyethylene bottle or a piece of pipe is perfect. A coil is also inserted into it and water inlets and outlets are supplied. Heat carriers are isolated from external environment foam "fur coat".
  3. Now you need to put the entire system, solder the pipes and fill in the refrigerant. The amount of freon is very important for correct operation pump, this calculation is best entrusted to a heating engineer. He will be able to finally connect the installation and set up the compressor.
  4. It remains only to attach the outer contour. Its assembly will depend on the type of pump.

A vertical soil-water installation requires a well, a geothermal probe is lowered into it.

For a horizontal apparatus, a collector is assembled and buried in the ground at a depth that excludes freezing.

In the water-water system, the circuit consists of a network plastic pipes through which the coolant will flow. Then all this must be fixed in the reservoir at the required depth.

The air-to-water pump manifold is also made and mounted on the roof of the house or nearby.

For stable operation and protection against breakdown, it is desirable to supplement the machine with the ability to manually start the compressor in case of a sudden power outage. The cost of such an installation is quite high. The factory pump is even more expensive. However, practice shows that the acquisition pays off in several years of operation.

Video

Ecology of knowledge. Manor: In recent decades, homeowners have become quite big choice heating systems. It is no longer necessary to connect to centralized networks and use traditional sources. You can choose equipment that runs on alternative energy, but it main disadvantage- high cost. However, if you make a heat pump with your own hands from an old refrigerator, the system can be significantly reduced in price.

Today, few people doubt that a heat pump for home heating is the most effective remedy from all existing ones. It is also the most expensive and difficult to perform. For this reason, many home craftsmen took up independent decision this problem.

But due to its high complexity, achieving positive results it is not easy, you need to have enthusiasm, patience and, in addition, study the theory well. Our article is for those who are taking the first step towards introducing such an alternative energy source at home as a do-it-yourself heat pump.

The device and principle of operation of the heat pump

To assemble a working model of a heat pump, one cannot do without knowledge of the theory, or rather, the principle of operation of this device. I would like to initially note that the statements about the efficiency of 300, 500 and 1000% are a myth or just a marketing ploy, calculated on the ignorance of the ordinary user of the laws of physics. So, a heat pump is a device that takes thermal energy in one place and moving it to another with a certain efficiency not exceeding 100%. Unlike boiler plants, it does not produce heat on its own.

An example is home refrigerators and air conditioners, whose design is based on the so-called Carnot cycle, which also uses the principle of a heat pump for heating or hot water. The essence of this cycle is the movement of a substance (working fluid) through a closed system and changing its state of aggregation from liquid to gaseous and vice versa. At the moment of transition, it is released or absorbed great amount energy.

To explain more accessible language, we list the main elements that the heat pump device includes:

  • compressor;
  • a heat exchanger where the working fluid passes into a gaseous state (evaporator);
  • a heat exchanger in which the working fluid is condensed (condenser);
  • expansion (reducing) valve;
  • controls and automation;
  • highways from copper tubes.

The working fluid is a substance that boils at low temperatures- freon. Circulating through the tube in the form of a liquid, first of all it enters the evaporator. After interaction with the coolant from external source(air, water, soil) the working fluid evaporates and continues its movement in the form of a gas. In this area, the pressure in the system is low. The entire chain of the cycle reflects circuit diagram heat pump:

Having passed the compressor, freon moves under pressure to the second heat exchanger, where it has to condense and transfer the received heat to water, again taking liquid state. Further, the working fluid enters the expansion valve, the pressure drops again and it continues on its way to evaporation. The cycle is complete.

Factory heat pumps for a residential building are capable of delivering a coolant with a temperature of 55-60 ºС, this is enough to heat the premises with radiators or warm floors. At the same time, the entire heating system consumes electricity for the following purposes:

  • compressor power;
  • rotor rotation circulation pumps external and internal contour;
  • power supply for automation and control equipment.

It turns out that when consuming 1 kW of electricity, the action of a heat pump can move up to 5 kW of thermal energy from the outside into the house, hence the fables about the efficiency of 500%.

Air-to-air heat pump

Theoretically, any medium that has a temperature above absolute zero(minus 273 ºС), has a reserve of thermal energy. This means that it can be removed, even more so it is not difficult to do this at an ambient temperature of minus 10-30 ºС.

For this purpose, an air-to-air heat pump is used, which removes heat from the outside environment and moving it inside a private house. This is the most affordable way at the price of equipment and the cost of installation, it is also the least effective. The colder it is outside, the less heat you can get. The principle of operation of the system is shown in the figure:

The outdoor unit of an air source heat pump is similar in appearance to the same unit of a split system, only inside it does not have a compressor. All that remains is a plate heat exchanger and a fan, whose task is to increase the intensity of the process by forcing a large amount of air through the plates.

Heat pump water-to-water

A more efficient option is a water-to-water heat pump. It extracts thermal energy from the nearest body of water, if there is one at a distance of up to 100 m from the house. Another, more common method is the extraction of heat from groundwater through a well. In fact, 2 wells are needed: one for pumping water, the other for dumping it. Below are diagrams of heat pumps operating on this principle:

There are some nuances here. Water from the well must be treated before entering the heat exchanger, and pipes must be laid below the freezing depth of the soil. Another thing is the circuit at the bottom of the reservoir, it is filled with a non-freezing liquid (propylene glycol), which serves as an intermediary between water and refrigerant.

Ability to provide private house thermal energy in this case depends on the productivity of the well and the volume of water in the pond. There are also options for immersing the external circuit in the running water of a river or a sewer septic tank.

There are also geothermal heat pumps, whose principle of operation does not differ from previous types of devices, only heat is extracted from the ground at a depth where the temperature is always the same - plus 7 ºС. To do this, a horizontal contour of pipes is buried in the ground, occupying large area, or geothermal probes are lowered into wells 25 m deep. In both cases, antifreeze is used as a coolant.

It is believed that the operation of a heat pump that extracts heat from the ground is the most stable and efficient. But the purchase and installation of such equipment is very expensive, and home craftsmen rarely resort to implementing this option.

How to assemble a heat pump at home?

Since the thermodynamic calculation of a heat pump is a considerable difficulty for most home craftsmen, we will not present it here. Our task is to present several working models so that any enthusiast can take one of them as a basis for creating their own offspring.

It should be noted that a heat pump, invented and assembled by oneself, will remain an unattainable dream for the vast majority of ordinary users, unless a lot of effort and time is put into its manufacture.

The simplest heat pump from an old refrigerator was described in an article in the Engineer magazine in 2006. It is positioned as an air-to-air heater for small room or greenhouses. By the way, no matter how powerful household refrigerator, for heating even small house it is not enough, but for 1 room - quite. The solution is implemented in 2 ways, whereby the internal automatic shutdown is dismantled and all units are connected directly for continuous operation. In the first case old refrigerator located indoors, the design of the pump is shown in the diagram:

Outside, 2 air ducts are laid to it and crashes into the front door. The air through the upper channel enters the freezer, cools and descends to the lower air duct due to an increase in density. It then leaves the refrigerator body, displaced by the upper flow. The room is heated by a heat exchanger located on the rear wall of the unit. According to the second method, making a heat pump with your own hands is just as simple, you just need to build a refrigerator into outer wall, as shown in the diagram:

A home-made heater from the refrigerator can function up to an outside temperature of minus 5 ºС, not lower.

Heat pump from air conditioner

Modern split systems, especially inverter type, successfully perform the functions of the same air-to-air heat pump. Their problem is that the efficiency of work falls along with outdoor temperature, does not save even the so-called winter set.

Home craftsmen approached the issue differently: they assembled a home-made heat pump from an air conditioner that takes heat running water from the well. In fact, only the compressor is used from the air conditioner, sometimes - indoor unit playing the role of a fan coil.

By by and large compressor can be purchased separately. It will need to make a heat exchanger for heating water (condenser). A copper tube with a wall thickness of 1-1.2 mm and a length of 35 m is wound to form a coil on a pipe with a diameter of 350-400 mm or a cylinder. After that, the turns are fixed with a perforated corner, and then the whole structure is placed in a steel container with water pipes.

The compressor from the split system is connected to the lower input to the condenser, and the control valve is connected to the upper one. In the same way, an evaporator is made; an ordinary plastic barrel will do for it. By the way, instead of homemade capacitive heat exchangers, you can use factory plate heat exchangers, but this will not be cheap.

The assembly of the pump itself is not too complicated, but here it is important to be able to properly and efficiently solder the copper tube connections. Also, to refuel the system with freon, you will need the services of a master, you won’t specifically buy optional equipment. Next is the stage of setting up and starting up the heat pump, which does not always go well. You may have to tinker a lot to achieve the result.

Conclusion

Of course, heating your home with a heat pump is the dream of many homeowners. Unfortunately, the cost of installations is too high, and to cope with handmade units can. And then often there is enough power only for hot water supply, we are not talking about heating. If everything were so simple, then we would have a home-made heat pump in every house, but for now it remains inaccessible to a wide range of users.

A heat pump is an interesting thing, but expensive. approximate cost equipment + external circuit devices from $300 to $1000 per 1 kW of power. Knowing the “handiness” of the Russian people, it is easy to assume that more than one hand-made heat pump is already working in the vastness of our vast and varied climate. Most often found homemade devices, which were made by "refrigerators". And this is understandable, because the heat pump and freezer they work on the same principle, it’s just that the system of thermal installations is focused on collecting heat, and not on removing it, and the compressor is used with more power.

What can be the source of heat for a heat pump

Heat for space heating can be taken from the air outside. But here, difficulties will inevitably arise during operation: even average daily temperature fluctuations are too large, not to mention the fact that the heat pump shows normal efficiency at temperatures above 0 o C. And how many regions do we have in winter such a picture? In the spring, and even then not early, and not throughout the territory, and not constantly.

A heat source located in the water looks much more acceptable. If there is a river, a lake or a pond of a decent depth nearby, this is just great: you can simply drown the pipeline. It is only important that fishermen with donkeys do not fish there.

Another good option is a well, but there is a chance that the water level will drop and you will have to look for another source. But while everything is fine, it will work well: average temperature water in underground horizons 5-7 o C. This is more than enough for the operation of the heat pump.

You may be surprised, but you can also use the sewer - there the temperatures are higher than in the wells. The pipeline can be placed in sewer pit or a well, but on condition that it is constantly covered with water. And the pipe will need to be chosen chemically resistant.

A horizontal underground collector is an extremely laborious task: it will be necessary to remove the soil from several acres to a depth below the freezing point. These are very large volumes that cannot be mastered alone or even with an assistant. And, as practice has shown, in our climatic conditions such systems are ineffective: winters are too severe.

With vertical collectors, things are no better - it is unlikely that it will be possible to do without drilling equipment. The number and depth of wells depend on the soil: the spread of possible heat removal from a well meter is very large. From 25 W/m in dry crushed stone and sandy soil, up to 80-85 W/m in wet crushed stone and sandy soils or in granite. Accordingly, the difference in the length of the wells is 3 times or more.

Here is a scheme for heating a house with a heat pump. When using, as in the example described, two wells and in the absence of a closed loop, the distance between the two wells must be at least 20 meters. And you need to take into account the direction of the flow, so that cold water from the pump did not reduce the temperature in the “donor” well

In the described example of a homemade heat pump, the heat source is a well with a good water flow rate. Water arrives so quickly that it covers the cost of domestic needs and it is enough to carry the right amount heat (the required water supply rate was calculated, and the pump was selected accordingly). But the source of heat for this modification can be any of those described above, except for air. Having decided on the source of heat, it will be possible to make a heat pump for heating the house.

Heat pump water-to-water from air conditioner compressor

This air conditioner heat pump is easy to make, but you'll need some help. good master for the repair of refrigeration equipment. To make, you need to purchase:


All these components with payment for the work of the refrigerator (for assembly and soldering, filling freon) amounted to about $ 600. Plus the cost of personal time for the arrangement of the input circuit and assembly.

Now let's start making the heat pump itself.


Pay more attention to vibration isolation and noise absorption: if the device is in the house, they will not additional measures by their neutralization decently act on the nerves.

In the described example, water is pumped from a well, the aquifer is located at a depth of 4 meters. One pump lifts it and delivers it to the heat pump, the water is discharged into the second well. But you can organize closed loop, then it will be necessary to calculate the power of the circulation pump.

This is after the work of the "refrigerator"

From the experience of operating a do-it-yourself heat pump

As practice has shown, the performance of the presented option is low: 2.6-2.8 kW. Talk about high efficiency this heat pump is not necessary: ​​on an area of ​​​​60 m 2 at -5 o C on the street, it itself supports +17 o C. But the system was considered and mounted under the boiler - radiators, at an incoming temperature of +45 o C, they simply cannot give out more . The system in the house was old and the number of radiators was not increased, but so far in the cold they were warmed up by the stove.

If a regenerative heat exchanger is added to the design, this will increase efficiency by 10-15%. Given that the costs are small, you can do it. You will need two copper tubes of 1.5 meters each. One with a diameter of 22 mm, the second - 10 mm. A 4-core conductor (length 3-4 meters, diameter 4 mm) is wound on a thinner one to increase the heat exchange area, its ends are soldered to the tube so that they do not unwind. The tube with the wound wire is carefully inserted into the larger diameter tube. It must be installed between the compressor and the evaporator. The improvement is minor, but it significantly improves efficiency. True, at certain conditions unsafe: warm freon can get into the compressor, which will lead to its failure.

The second option to improve efficiency, safer and no less effective, is to build in an additional heat exchanger for heating water or glycol.

What to look for if you decide to make a heat pump with your own hands. There are a few things that can only be learned through experience:

    • The starting currents of this particular installation were very decent. There were not always enough network resources to start the installation. Therefore, if you make a serious installation, it is better to take a three-phase compressor, and, accordingly, bring a three-phase input. Yes, it’s not cheap, but for a stable start of a single-phase compressor, an electronic stabilizer of decent power is required, which cannot be called cheap either.
    • A heat pump on a finished radiator system will not normal temperature in room. They are designed for a different temperature of coolants, which these installations, especially home-made ones, are extremely rarely able to give. Therefore, either upgrade the system (by adding at least the same number of radiator sections), or install water floors.
    • If there are three rings of water in the well, this does not mean that it has a large debit. You need to know how much water he is able to give with its constant selection.

Results

Undoubtedly, the cost of a heat pump from an air conditioner is several times lower than ready-made factory options, even those made in China. But there are a lot of nuances here: you need to take care of the source and amount of heat supplied, correctly calculate the length of heat exchangers (coils), install automation, provide guaranteed power, etc. But if you are able to solve these problems, then it is undoubtedly beneficial. Let me give you advice: in the first year it is very desirable to have backup heating, and it is better to carry out tests and trial run in the summer so that there is time to finalize the unit before the start of the heating season.

If it is impossible or too expensive to heat a private house with gas, and use solid fuel not convenient, why not extract energy directly from the environment? One of the most effective options get the required joules - heat pump water water. In the West industrial production such units have long been established and are in high demand. However, their cost is quite high. Therefore, the question of creating a heat pump with your own hands remains very relevant.

How does a heat pump work and how does it work?

Roughly speaking, a heat pump works like a refrigerator, but in reverse. The refrigerator removes some of the heat to the outside to lower the temperature inside the chamber. So back wall refrigerator becomes noticeably hot. The heat pump “cools” the environment by heating the coolant that circulates in the home heating system.

Typically, water-to-water heat pumps consist of the following set of devices:

  • outer contour;
  • inner contour;
  • evaporator;
  • condenser;
  • compressor.

The outer circuit is a pipe through which groundwater circulates. It enters the system from the well, passes through the outer circuit, giving the system thermal energy with low potential, and then is discharged into another well. Sometimes inside the outer circuit, immersed in water, there is a special liquid called "brine". This is also quite effective method collect heat from the environment.

Note! If there is an open reservoir near the house, it can also be used as a heat source. At the same time, there is no need to drill wells for intake and discharge ground water.

Ground water heat enters the evaporator. The refrigerant under pressure also enters here through the capillary opening. The decrease in pressure causes the evaporation process and the heat from the inner walls of the evaporator is transferred to the refrigerant. The gaseous refrigerant enters the compressor, where it is compressed, after which it is sent to the condenser.

Here the refrigerant again passes into a liquid state, and the resulting energy is used to heat the coolant that circulates in the pipes. heating system Houses. Thus, the low-potential thermal energy of water is converted into energy with a high potential and allows even very coldy heat the house quite efficiently. This process is visualized in the water-to-water heat pump diagram.

The water-to-water heat pump diagram shows the process of obtaining low-potential thermal energy from the environment into high-potential energy for heating a house and heating water

The performance of a heat pump largely depends on fluctuations in water temperature. The more stable the temperature, the better heating. In the well, the water temperature throughout the year fluctuates between 7-12 degrees, which makes it possible to use the equipment very efficiently. To automate the operation of the device, a thermostat is used, which turns the compressor on and off, maintaining the temperature in the rooms at a certain level.

How to make such a device yourself?

A homemade water-to-water heat pump is a set of ready-made units that must be connected in the correct sequence. It looks simple, but in practice the whole thing can be spoiled due to the lack of competent calculations. They are necessary to find out the optimal compressor power, the diameter of the heat exchanger pipe, as well as other system parameters. Non-specialists have several options for solving this problem:

  • take advantage of the special software(for example, CoolPack 1.46 and Copeland programs);
  • use online calculators that are offered on the websites of manufacturers of such equipment;
  • invite a specialist who will help you calculate everything for a fee or out of the kindness of your heart.

So, now about each detail in more detail.

Item #1 - Compressor

The easiest way to get a suitable compressor is to remove it from the air conditioner, for example, from an LG brand split system. The 7-watt compressor has a capacity of 9.7kW in heat production and 7.5kW in cooling. An additional advantage of such compressors is low level noise at work.

The compressor for a water-to-water heat pump can be removed from an old air conditioner. It is preferable to choose a model that is suitable for power and operates silently.

Many compressors use R22 freon, the boiling point of which is -10, condensing - +55. In 2030, this refrigerant will be banned from use. Worthy alternative may become more "young" freon R422. However, you can change the refrigerant not only when creating a heat pump, but also at any suitable time.

Item #2 - Capacitor

For the manufacture of a capacitor, you can use a tank from of stainless steel about 120 liters. It is cut in half, a copper coil is mounted inside, connections with a two-inch thread are welded, then the halves of the tank are connected by welding. The area of ​​the coil through which the refrigerant will circulate is calculated by the formula:

PZ \u003d MT / 0.8RT, where:

  • ПЗ - coil area;
  • МТ - Power of heat produced by the system, kW;
  • 0.8 - coefficient of thermal conductivity in the interaction of water and copper;
  • RT - the difference in water temperature at the inlet to the system and at the outlet of it, degrees Celsius.

For the manufacture of the coil, a half-inch copper pipe, a special refrigeration or clean plumbing is suitable. The recommended pipe wall thickness is 1-1.2 mm. To turn a piece of pipe of the required length into a coil, it is enough to wind it around any suitable cylinder, for example, gas cylinder. The ends of the coil are brought out using plumbing adapters. To ensure the tightness of the connection, use flax and a clamping nut.

To make a coil for the condenser of a water-to-water heat pump, you need to carefully wind the copper pipe around the cylinder. A metal rail will help fix the pitch of the turns

Please note that the freon inlet must be located at the top of the condenser to prevent the formation of bubbles.

Item #3 - Evaporator

A plastic barrel with a volume of 127 liters is suitable for the role of the evaporator. It is more convenient if it has a wide neck. The evaporator is calculated in the same way as the condenser. copper pipe can be twisted with copper wire, without any insulation.

A homemade evaporator for a water-to-water heat pump can be made from plastic barrel with a wide neck. The coil can be placed in a smaller container, but it is more convenient to work with a barrel with a volume of more than 120 liters

Experts recommend using flooded-type evaporators for home-made heat pumps, in which the liquefied refrigerant enters the water from below and evaporates at the top. Adapters can be made from ordinary necks plastic bottles, which are fixed with flax and sealant. For supply and drainage of water, standard sewer pipes. When installing the thermostatic valve, before soldering the equalization line pipe, wrap it damp cloth, since this element cannot be heated to more than 100 degrees.

Assembly and filling with freon

To assemble prepared devices in single system, will need welding machine. At the entrance to the compressor, it is recommended to make a filling valve, which will come in handy in the future. Then, using a special vacuum pump the system should be checked for vacuum.

To fill the system with freon, you will need a cylinder containing at least 2 kg of refrigerant. After refueling, it is recommended to wait a few days, checking the pressure in the system. If it remains constant, then there are no leaks. If the pressure decreases, you can determine the places of leaks by the most in a simple way: using soapy foam. Inexperienced craftsmen are better off contacting a master who will fill the equipment professionally and reliably.

To automatically control the operation of the system, it is recommended to use a 40A starting single-phase relay, a 16A fuse, switch box and DIN rail. You will need two capillary temperature sensors: at the outlet of the system (recommended maximum temperature is 40 degrees) and at the outlet of the evaporator (shutdown temperature is 0 degrees to prevent the system from freezing). If a controller is used to take into account the readings of both temperature sensors, it should be remembered that its settings may be lost during a power outage.

This is what one of the options for a home-made water-to-water heat pump looks like. On top of the device is closed with a metal case, on which the control panel is mounted.

After the system is ready, and its elements are placed in convenient places, two separate wells should be built for the intake and discharge of groundwater and an external circuit should be connected to the system. In areas where drilling of wells is associated with certain problems, this issue should be dealt with in the first place. If wells cannot be drilled, it may be necessary to choose another heat pump option, such as ground-to-water.

The following video demonstrates the operation of a homemade heat pump pump:

Before proceeding with the manufacture of a heat pump, it is necessary to assess the level of thermal insulation of the building and increase it to the maximum level. Otherwise, the efficiency of this system will tend to zero.

It is best to use a heat pump complete with low-temperature heating systems. Most often, the unit is connected to the "" system. Experience with systems can be successful warm walls, large radiators, etc. The efficiency of the system will be the higher, the smaller the temperature difference on the outer and inner circuits.

To reduce the cost of building a heat pump, it is recommended to use additional source heat: gas, electric or solid fuel boiler. The required power and construction costs of a heat pump will be lower, and the cost of heating a home will be reduced.

good alternative traditional heating country house, especially if it is not possible to supply gas, a heat pump may appear. The action of such a pump is based on the use of the latest scientific developments in the field of using various alternative sources energy. The required heat is obtained by extraction from the earth, air and water.

In Russia, heat pumps are still a novelty, but in other developed countries they have been produced and successfully used for more than thirty years. In our market, low demand can be explained by two main reasons:

  • ignorance by the population of the principles of operation and properties of heat pumps due to the almost complete absence of information about this in the means mass media and print;
  • high cost of heat pumps.

Before you make a heat pump with your own hands, you need to dwell on two points: what kind of unit is it and what are the principles of operation of such a pump.

A heat pump is a machine that, by absorbing low-potential thermal energy from the environment (ground, air, water), can transfer it to heat supply systems in the form of heated air or water. Freon is the working medium for heat transfer.

In practice, a heat pump is a refrigerator with a reverse action, instead of cold, heat is generated. Electricity is spent only to move freon along the internal circuit of the pump, so the cost of it is relatively small.

The whole system works like a boiler when heating, and like an air conditioner when cooling.

Operating principle


Note! Allocated in summer time heat can be successfully used to heat the pool.

Manufacturing

A heat pump can be made from commercially available parts or by purchasing cheap used parts. The installation procedure is as follows:

  1. We purchase a ready-made compressor in specialized stores or use a compressor from a conventional air conditioner. We fix it to the wall where our installation will be located. Reliability of fastening is ensured by two L-300 brackets.
  2. We make a capacitor. To do this, cut a stainless steel tank with a volume of about one hundred liters in half. We install a coil made of a thin copper tube with a wall thickness of at least 1 mm in the tank. For the coil, you can purchase a plumbing tube or use a copper tube from an old refrigerator. We make the coil as follows:
    1. a copper tube is wound on an oxygen or gas cylinder, it is important to maintain a small distance between the turns, which should be the same;
    2. to fix the position of the turns of the tube, we take two perforated aluminum corners and attach them to the coil in such a way that each turn of our tube is located opposite the hole in the corner. The corners will ensure the same spacing of the coils and will give the geometric invariability of the entire coil structure.
  3. After installing the coil, we weld the halves of the tank together, having previously welded the necessary threaded connections.
  4. We make an evaporator. We take the usual closed plastic container with a volume of 60 or 80 liters. We will mount a coil from a tube with a diameter of ¾ inch and threaded connections for pipes for draining and water inlet into it (ordinary water pipes). We also fix the finished evaporator on the wall using L-brackets of the required size.
  5. We invite craftsmen to assemble the system, weld copper pipes and pump freon. Having no experience with refrigeration equipment, do not try to do this work yourself. This can lead to failure of the entire structure and is fraught with serious injury.

After the main part of our system is ready, it is necessary to connect it to the heat distribution and intake devices.

The assembly of the heat extraction installation depends on the type of pump and the heat source.

Video

The following video details the features of heat pumps:

More about the device homemade pump in the video below:

A photo

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