How to dilute copper sulfate for spraying trees? Treatment of trees with copper sulphate (spraying)

If to speak scientific language, then blue vitriol is an inorganic compound of the copper salt of sulfuric acid. It occurs in the form of blue crystalline granules that dissolve easily in water. A good antiseptic, disinfectant, fungicide and first-class fertilizer - these are all the qualities of such a tool as blue vitriol. How to breed it correctly, many summer residents do not know. We will tell you about this, but a little later.

It finds application in the following industries:

• cottage and garden;
• the medicine;

However, even with all positive qualities this substance has one side effect. In particular, for the orchard, its use threatens to fall off the leaves. Before you learn how to dilute copper sulfate for tree processing, you need to say what time of the year to spray.

When to use blue stone?

by the most favorable time spring is considered the year for processing trees and shrubs. Many experts recommend starting the first treatment in mid-March, when the daily temperature does not drop below +5 degrees. Spraying is done after preparing the trees. It includes:

• pruning old and diseased branches;
• cleaning the trunk from dead bark and lichens;
• cleaning the soil under the tree;
• sealing all cracks in the trunk.

The very first and most important treatment is carried out before the appearance of the kidneys. This will help get rid of insects and pests that have not woken up after hibernation. Not sure how to dilute copper sulfate for spraying? Then here's a simple recipe for you: we dilute 100 grams of the substance in 10 liters, mix everything thoroughly - and you can get to work. This treatment helps to preserve young foliage. However, it is worth considering in more detail the question of how to dilute copper sulfate.

Summer period

1. In the summer heat, apple, pear, apricot suffer from aphids. From it comes the twisting and falling of the sheet. To prevent this from happening, it is recommended to dilute 50-100 grams of copper sulfate in 10 liters of water.
2. Stone fruit trees - plum, cherry - under attack Maybug, which eats young fruit ovaries. This can be avoided by treating everything with a solution of copper sulfate. To do this, we dilute 20 grams of blue stone in 2-3 liters of water. This dose is indicated for spraying one tree.
3. Raspberries and blackcurrants often suffer from aphids and various stains on the leaves. For prevention and treatment, we spray one bush with 2 liters of water, in which 15-20 grams of vitriol are diluted.

When processing, it is worth remembering one thing: 15-20 days before harvesting, all spraying should be stopped. There are many recipes for how to dilute copper sulfate. It all depends on what, how and when you want to process.

autumn period

Before wintering, the tree should be well processed. Do this not earlier than October or November, when the foliage has completely fallen off. Prepare the tree, remove all unnecessary - and you can start spraying.

Protecting vegetables

Not only orchard do damage various diseases. Vegetable crops, in particular tomatoes, also suffer from them. Mostly tomatoes suffer from late blight. If it was not possible to protect vegetables from it, then it is worth starting treatment with a blue stone. In order for your tomatoes to be healthy and delight you with the harvest, you should know how to breed blue vitriol for tomatoes. It is enough to pour the earth with a solution prepared according to the following recipe: dilute 10 grams of powder in 5 liters of water. This portion is for one piece. You can also sprinkle copper sulfate under each root in the amount of 1 gram.

For reference

So, when you learned how to dilute copper sulfate, at what time of the year to spray, we will tell you under what weather and temperature conditions the procedure should be carried out:

1. Most optimal time day - early morning or late evening.
2. There should be no wind.
3. The recommended temperature is from +5 to +30 degrees.

When diluting the solution, it is worth observing some precautions:

1. Copper sulfate should not be cooked near pets and children.
2. It is better if the solution is not mixed in an iron bucket. For example, glassware is suitable for this.
3. To prevent burns of trees and other plants, it is better to dilute copper sulfate with the addition of slaked lime.
4. When working with the ready solution, avoid contact with open areas body and eyes. If necessary, wash the mucous membranes with warm water.
5. In no case do not pour the remains of copper sulfate into a well or into a reservoir. Remember that this is a corrosive substance.

Finally

In our article, we have touched important questions and gave detailed answers. Now you know how to dilute copper sulfate to process trees and other plants. With the help of such a tool, your vegetables and fruits will forever be freed from insects and diseases and will delight you with a rich harvest.

On the shelves of gardening stores you can find bags with a beautiful blue powder. It is not always clear to a beginner in this business what kind of drug it is and where to apply it. Let's figure it out!

Note. We tried to cover all the issues related to copper sulphate, so the article turned out to be large. Use the content for your convenience.

Article plan

Copper sulfate: properties and characteristics

Dry powder from a bag is copper sulphate, which is called copper sulfate. From chemical formula copper sulphate, which is written as CuSO4, it is clear that this is a salt formed after the reaction of sulfuric acid and copper oxide. The resulting product is absolutely odorless and tasteless. Its color ranges from blue to blue. The powder contains up to 24% copper. The dry matter does not burn, but is explosive.

It is used to destroy harmful insects appearing in gardens after planting seedlings.

With the help of the drug, they also solve the problems of rotting wood and the appearance of mold on building materials.

The chemical preparation is used during the fight against the following dangerous diseases that threaten healthy seedlings:

1. Scab.
2. Septoria.
3. Moniliosis.
4. Anthracnose.
5. Black cancer.

Production of copper sulphate

You can get the substance in several ways:

• if copper waste is dissolved in acid, sulfuric acid is most often used;
• by dissolving copper oxide in acid (the same sulfuric acid is used);
• in the electrolytic processing of copper;
• if you burn copper sulfides, you can also get the desired raw material at the exit.

Copper sulphate perfectly interacts with liquids, dissolving in them. It crystallizes well natural conditions found in the composition of minerals: butite and chalcanthite.

Solution concentrates based on copper sulphate

There are different ways to use copper sulphate in agricultural work. For each of them, preparation special solution based on this drug.

Specialists have developed three basic solutions that differ from each other in the degree of concentration of a chemical element:

1. "Burning" solution. It contains from 3% to 5% of the substance. This means that no more than 500 g of vitriol is consumed per 10 liters of water. Processing with such a composition is carried out in order to disinfect the area where it is planned to plant plants. It also helps fight mold. After processing, it is advisable not to use the land for one year.
2. Therapeutic and prophylactic solution. It contains from 0.5% to 1% of the substance. Based on this, you can guess that about 100 g of the drug is consumed per 10 liters of water. Such a solution is effective for the destruction of insect pests and pathogenic fungi. It is often used to disinfect wounds on fruit trees.
3. Fertilizing and prophylactic solution. It contains from 0.2% to 0.3% of the substance. To prepare it, mix in 10 liters of water no more than 3 g of the drug. A solution of vitriol of this concentration is used to eliminate the symptoms of starvation of seedlings and to prevent diseases. It contains enough copper to saturate plants with the missing element.

If you plan to use the second and third types of solutions, then they should be stocked up in advance. For work, you need to prepare a uterine 10% composition, which is simply diluted with the required amount of water before use. The prepared solution can be stored long time in a dark place in a closed container.

What is the chemical used for?

The scope of copper sulfate is quite extensive:

1. Home experiments on growing crystals. AT school course In chemistry, a rather interesting activity is the cultivation of crystals from copper sulphate. The unique properties of the drug allow you to do this without much effort.
2. Another powder is successfully used in industrial metallurgy in the process of electroplating.
3. It serves as the initial raw material for the production of certain chemicals.
4. in construction and repair work powder is used to eliminate mold.
5. To give the wood special refractory properties, the raw material is soaked in the finished product.
6. Copper sulphate is used in the manufacture of paints.
7. In the food industry, it is a preservative with the name "E519".
8. In medicine, a weak solution of the drug serves as a life-saving remedy for gastric lavage in case of serious phosphorus poisoning. The following useful properties of the preparation were revealed: antiseptic, astringent. In addition, copper sulfate helps relieve inflammation, reduce pain, speed up the process of maturation of abscesses, fights cancer cells, relieves insulin dependence in patients with diabetes.
9. The substance is used as an additive in the production of animal feed.
10. Actively use the drug in horticulture.

It is important to know that the drug can not be used to kill insects or ticks, use against rodents. In addition, it does not rejuvenate plantings, increase yields, or stimulate plant growth.

Copper sulphate is a copper-based contact agent. Therefore, it is used to combat pathogenic fungi. The substance does not penetrate the plant tissue, it acts directly at the site of application. After precipitation, it is washed off with water, as a result, its action ends.

Experienced gardeners use crystals of copper sulphate for top dressing if there is a lack of iron in the soil.

Copper sulfate - properties, dosages, applications

How does the substance act on the pathogenic flora

The active substance of the drug is copper, which reacts with the enzymes of the fungus, which leads to its destruction. In other words, the properties of copper sulfate prevent fungal spores from germinating and they die. But already existing myceliums are not subject to the action of the substance, since it does not penetrate into the organs of the plant. However, their growth is halting.

The powder is used independently, as well as for the preparation of mixtures. It is actively used in the fight against the following diseases:

• coccomycosis of stone fruit crops;
• leaf curl, which is caused by a fungus;
• clusterosporiosis;
• moniliosis;
• currant anthracnose;
• scab and other spotting on pome crops;
• false powdery mildew.

In addition, the drug is used to disinfect trees and shrubs after pruning.

• A warm 0.2% liquid is used when soaking cucumber seeds to obtain friendly early shoots. Seeds are left in water for 10 hours.
• Tomato seed is disinfected with a mixture that also contains vitriol.

During cooking chemical composition the following recommendations should be followed:

It is possible to prepare a solution of copper sulfate only in glassware. Perfect for this regular bank. It is desirable to mark it somehow so that in the future it is not accidentally used for food purposes.

Metal containers are not suitable for such solutions. This is because copper sulfate, which is part of the drug, quickly reacts with it.. As a result, the dishes are covered with a red film. After that, it is not recommended to use it for anything at all. BUT enamel coatings the substance is simply corrosive.

• First of all, it is desirable to prepare a mother liquor, that is, a concentrate. To do this, it is necessary to supplement copper sulfate in the right amount of 2 liters of water. Everything must be mixed well until the substance is completely dissolved. After the resulting concentrate is diluted with clean water. It is advisable to do this in a water bath in order to be able to maintain the desired temperature. The chemical must be heated to 50 degrees.
• The cooled mother liquor should be stored in glass or plastic containers.. In this form, it is allowed to keep about one year. Beneficial features composition during this time will not disappear.

Gardeners adhere to the following recipe for preparing a solution. It will require two clean dishes. In one of them, water and chemical should be thoroughly mixed. It is necessary to adhere to the proportion of 1:50. The substance must completely dissolve in the liquid.

You need to put it in the second container. After it is poured into vitriol. Now the composition is ready. It must be used up within the next five hours. After the allotted time, large flakes will begin to form in the mixture, which makes it impossible to thoroughly treat the area with a spray gun.

Does copper sulphate harm human health

it Chemical substance, the reception of which can provoke poisoning, nausea, severe vomiting, pain in the abdomen. But for the manifestation of such symptoms, it is necessary to intentionally eat or inhale up to 12 grams of copper sulfate, which is excluded when spraying plants. Based on this, we can assume that the drug causes little harm to the body, but it is toxic to fish and animals.

All the elements contained in matter surround us everywhere. It's all about the dosage. If you do not violate the instructions and properly dilute copper sulfate, then it can be used without harm to the environment.

How to prepare a solution of copper sulfate

When preparing a working mixture, there are several simple rules that must be adhered to.

1. The drug is prepared exclusively in glassware, enameled, but not in iron. Otherwise, a reaction with iron ions will occur.
2. Dissolve the substance immediately before use.
3. The finished solution is not stored.
4. For better dissolution use only warm water.
5. After preparation, the liquid must be filtered, it may contain undissolved particles of the substance and debris.
6. When preparing the mixture, be sure to wear rubber gloves and personal protective equipment.
7. The mixture must be used within 10 hours. If the temperature rises above 30 degrees, processing should be postponed.

Store vitriol in a dry place, away from children and animals.

Garden processing is carried out in accordance with the instructions, using protective equipment. Mixture residues must not enter the water supply.. If the mixture ready for work gets into the eyes, then it is necessary to immediately rinse the face. large quantity water with eyes open.

If liquid gets inside, you need to drink the yolk of raw eggs or two glasses of milk and immediately call ambulance. It is not recommended to use a solution of potassium permanganate and plain water to cause a gag reflex. This only exacerbates the poisoning.

Important! A dose of 45 - 125 ml of copper sulphate is considered fatal to humans if ingested.

In case of contact with the skin, the substance does not cause burns. Wash your hands immediately with soap and water. But inhaling the powder through the nose, you can provide severe poisoning. The consequences of such poisoning have been little studied, so you should immediately consult a doctor.

Scattered vitriol must be collected and used for its intended purpose. Spilled liquid must be collected by sprinkling with sawdust. The contaminated area is washed with water soda ash(50 gr per 10 liters of water). After washing the surface, water is mixed with sand or sawdust and disposed of. It is not allowed to drain it into sewer drains.

Correct dosage in mixtures

Most often, the drug is used as part of mixtures that are used to disinfect trees and shrubs. How much copper sulfate do you need to make them?

• dry powder;
• slaked lime;
• water.

Preparing the mixture is easy. To begin with, they are quenched, copper sulfate is diluted in a separate container, after which it is poured into mortar. But not vice versa! The finished liquid is suitable for further use for five hours, after which the lime will begin to stick together, which will lead to clogging of the sprayer. Properly prepared mixture is pale blue in color.

Bordeaux liquid is used in gardens for most cultivated plants. During early spring treatments, a 3% solution is prepared, and during the growing season, a 1% mixture.

• To prepare the spring mixture, take 300 gr. copper sulphate per 400 gr. lime and 10 liters of water.
• To prepare a 1% solution, use 100 gr. vitriol per 150 gr. lime and 10 liters of water. Early spring disinfection is carried out before the opening of the kidneys.

Use the drug to disinfect trees and shrubs, perennial flowers and winter crops. During the growing season, pome crops are treated at least 6 times. spraying stone fruit trees held up to 4 times a season. Disinfection of shrubs is done three times, spending up to 1.5 liters per bush. vegetable crops and the flowers are sprayed 3 times. The exception is potatoes. It is disinfected 14 times, while the consumption of the drug is 1 liter per 10 square meters. meters of beds.

- instructions for use, how to cook yourself, reviews.

This solution has the same properties as the Bordeaux mixture. Except that it is stronger and can burn young leaves. To avoid this, it is necessary to prepare a weak 1% solution of the Burgundy mixture. Use 100 grams of vitriol per 125 grams of soda ash and 10 liters of water.

Properly prepared liquid does not harm plants, covers them with a protective film. Apply this mixture in the same way as Bordeaux. In addition, the roots of seedlings are disinfected before planting. To do this, the root part of the plants is kept in the finished water mixture for about three minutes, after which it is washed abundantly under running water. Dressing of potato tubers before planting is allowed.

Copper sulphate for garden spraying in spring

How to dilute copper sulfate for spraying the garden in spring? The following solution is used as a simple disinfection:

• water - 10 l;
• copper sulfate - 100 gr.

It is better to treat trees with copper sulphate until the buds open.

Summer

Summer processing is as follows:

1. For spraying shrubs and trees, it is desirable to use a 1% solution of the chemical. The procedure is carried out in case of detection of signs of diseases of horticultural crops and their infection with insects.
2. Treatment of copper starvation in tomatoes is carried out with a 0.2% solution of the drug. Watering should be started as soon as symptoms are detected. It is advisable to repeat the treatment in a month to consolidate the result.
3. Treatment with 0.5% and 1% solutions is ideal for disinfecting wounds on fruit trees. The main thing is not to carry out this work during the flowering period, so as not to ruin the crop.

autumn

Autumn processing is based on the following principles:

1. Carrying out work using copper sulphate is of a preventive nature. For them, it is worth choosing a time after the end of the fall of the leaves.
2. During this treatment, the substance infects pathogenic fungi, thereby protecting plants from infection that wake up in the spring after winter sleep. By this time, the soil will be saturated with enough copper, so that crops can thrive in nutrient soil.
3. Spraying should be carried out with a 1% solution. This concentration of the substance is sufficient to etch pathogens that plan to spend the winter in the ground.

Chemical treatments at any time of the year are recommended to be carried out in the early morning or late evening. At the same time, you need to make sure that it is not colder than +5 degrees and not hotter than +30 degrees outside. Also, do not choose windy weather for work.

• 10 liters of water;
• 2-5 grams of copper sulfate.

Decontamination procedures must be carried out to destroy spores of pathogenic fungi, especially if outbreaks of fungal diseases have previously been observed on the site and as a preventive measure.

Soil disinfection not only reduces the risk of re-infestation, but also replenishes copper in the soil.

But it should also be remembered that such processing should be done no more than 1 time in 5 years. With more frequent application of the drug, additional liming of the soil will be required.

It is also important to consider that copper has the ability to accumulate in the soil, and this leads to undesirable consequences. For example, the yield decreases and the growth of some plants slows down. It has been empirically established that the cultivation of cabbage on soils that contain too much copper is impractical, the crop yield drops significantly. Also react to an excess of copper and other cultures.

Soil disinfection is carried out twice a season: in the fall, after harvesting, and in the spring, before planting. It is important to remember that after disinfecting the soil with a chemical preparation, it is recommended to plant seedlings in a month. Before carrying out work, prepare the soil in advance: dig, remove the roots weeds, loosen. Further, loose soil is poured with working fluid.

The consumption of the mixture is calculated based on the fact that per 1 sq. meter beds goes up to 10 liters of solution. Such disinfection is very effective for soils that contain a lot of peat. But spraying black soil is not recommended, you can only worsen the characteristics of the soil.

In horticulture, the drug is usually used in autumn or spring, while the buds have not yet blossomed. Use 1% or 3% working solution. Disinfection should be done early in the morning or in the evening, in relatively calm and dry weather. It is recommended to carry out the procedure a few hours before the rain. Mixing the drug with pesticides is strictly prohibited.

The advantages of the drug in its low toxicity and harmlessness. However, its use is justified only at the stage of prevention. If the disease has already settled, that one treatment with the drug will not be enough.

Important! It is necessary to spray copper sulfate carefully, falling on all parts of the plant and the soil under them.

Early spring treatment with copper sulphate of apple trees, as well as other pome or stone fruit crops, is carried out on swollen buds. For one young tree, whose age does not exceed six years, spend up to 2 liters of the drug. The processing of a fruiting plant requires a larger amount of the mixture; up to 10 liters of solution are already used here. The effect comes in two hours. The period of action of the drug is up to 12 days.

Experienced gardeners recommend spring processing trees with a concentrated solution of urea with copper sulphate. To do this, 700 g and 50 g of vitriol are mixed in 10 liters of water. The finished mixture is treated with tree branches and the area of ​​the near-stem circle. Since carbamide is, in addition to disinfection, plants receive extra food. In addition, in regions where there is a risk return frosts, such processing postpones the timing of fruit flowering by 10 days, saving the garden from frost.

Autumn spraying is carried out in a similar way, but after harvesting and leaf fall. Usually, surface treatments during this period are preventive in nature. Their use is justified in regions with frequent outbreaks of fungal diseases.

garden disinfection in summer period it is carried out extremely rarely and only with Bordeaux liquid, where the concentration of copper is low. The fact is that the finished liquid has an acidic reaction and burns the leaves.

It is possible to use copper sulfate as a fertilizer only for foliar feeding in case of a lack of copper in plant tissues. The deficiency of this element is noticeable on young shoots and leaves that suffer from chlorosis. For top dressing, it is necessary to dissolve only 1-2 grams of the substance in 10 liters of water. Spray the garden with this weak solution.

How to deal with scab on apples

Why use copper sulfate for grapes

On the shelves of stores you can find a lot of spraying products. vine, but copper sulfate, available to all, remains the most effective.

Copper sulphate is a powerful antifungal agent that enriches plants with iron ions. It is necessary to process grapes using copper sulphate if not only fungal diseases but also iron deficiency. This is pretty easy to determine. The bushes begin to hurt, and the leaves turn yellow and fall off. Processing will not only protect the plant, but also enrich its root system.

In spring, such spraying is most important. However, they must be carried out before the buds open and the leaves come out. If young leaves have already appeared, then disinfection should be postponed. Recently planted plants are treated with a solution of low concentration, up to 0.5%. Older plants are sprayed with a 5% solution.

Autumn spraying of grapes is carried out after full harvest and leaf fall.

In addition to an aqueous solution, good results are obtained by processing the vine with Bordeaux liquid. It is carried out several times.

1. In early spring, the plant is treated before bud break. But if the weather is too cold and wet, then spraying can be postponed.
2. The second time the grapes are disinfected before flowering. It is carried out regardless of weather conditions. When spraying, make sure that the liquid falls well on all pedicels.
3. The third time the vine is sprayed after flowering. This processing may be the last, it all depends on the weather conditions.

If the summer is too wet, then spraying is carried out regularly, after 4-5 young leaves appear. In drier weather, it is enough to process the vine every 10 leaves.

In addition, fungal spores are preserved not only in the living tissues of the plant, but also in its dry remains. To avoid problems and improve the health of plants, all plant residues are burned to prevent the spread of the fungus. A good prevention of diseases is spraying roses with copper sulfate and Bordeaux liquid. Allows up to 4 treatments per season.

As a preventive measure, they start spraying in early spring using 3% copper sulfate solution or Bordeaux. During the event, it is important to pay attention not only to the plant, but also to the soil around it. It also needs to be shed. If outbreaks of fungal diseases in last years was not observed, then preventive spraying can be omitted.

The most dangerous disease of roses is stem cancer, which is caused by fungi. In the fight against the disease, a 1% solution of vitriol, which is sprayed with bushes after a spring haircut, will help.

If during the season powdery mildew appears on the rose bushes, then they are treated with a 1% Bordeaux solution or a copper-soap solution. It is prepared from 30 g of vitriol and 300 g laundry soap for 10 liters of water.

From rust on roses, a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture is also used. If necessary, the procedure is repeated every 10 days.

Autumn processing of the rose garden is carried out after the leaves fall and garbage collection. Spraying helps to dampen diseases and prepares plants for winter. After the procedure, the bushes should dry well, after which winter mulching is carried out.

How and what to fertilize roses

Greenhouse processing is necessary. The fact is that in a greenhouse a special microclimate is created, which is useful not only for vegetable crops, but also for the development of fungi. The fight against microorganisms should begin after the snow melts.

Spring soil disinfection in the greenhouse is carried out a month before planting seedlings. This should be taken into account when planting early vegetables. If it is planned to plant cold-resistant crops, then the treatment is done in February. For soil disinfection, a 3% solution of copper sulfate is used. During the procedure, attention is paid not only to the surface of the soil, but also to the design of the greenhouse.

Disinfection of the frame and glazing is carried out after their cleaning. For early spring use, a 10% solution of vitriol is prepared.

It is allowed to use copper sulfate powder in greenhouses. For example, it is applied directly to combat gray mold on cucumbers. For this, 1 tsp. copper sulfate should be crushed well, mixed with 1 tbsp. l. wood ash. After that, the resulting mixture is powdered on the affected areas.

Also, the drug is used in the construction of greenhouses. The working solution is treated with wooden frames, racks and shelves.

How to process with copper sulphate

Whitewashing trees with copper sulphate

Whitewashing trunks is not only beautiful. Thus, the care of the bark is carried out. Its effectiveness depends on the correct work performed and the preparation of the solution itself. Before whitewashing, trees must be cleaned of old bark, lichens. After that, the trunk is disinfected. Experienced gardeners use a 5% solution of the drug or Bordeaux liquid for this. Next, they cover up all the cracks and wounds, proceeding directly to whitewashing.

Important! The substance and its solutions are quite effective, but it is worth remembering that copper tends to accumulate in the soil and plant bark. Sooner or later, this will lead to undesirable consequences. Therefore, this method cannot be used annually.

Gardeners should adhere to the following dosages:

1. 5 g of chemical per 10 liters of water - for plant treatments.
2. 100 g of chemical per 10 liters of water - for treating shrubs and trees.
3. 7 g of chemical per 10 liters of water - for watering the earth.

Common dosages of copper sulfate will help prepare an effective composition for irrigating or spraying crops that are prone to infestation by insects and diseases.

Copper sulphate, as is known, is 5-aqueous sulfate of 2-valent copper CuSO4x5H2O and is a hygroscopic blue or blue powder or crystals. It goes on sale for agricultural purposes in small private farms packaged in 50-100 g or in bottles, see fig. Copper sulfate is poisonous, belongs to the 3rd hazard class, because has a toxic effect when it comes into contact with mucous membranes or ingestion. The lethal dose of a 5% solution is 30-50 ml, but copper sulfate in solution or powder is able to penetrate the body through the skin with sweat reabsorption. Therefore, all work with copper sulfate must be carried out in compliance with the precautionary measures, see below. People are used to this drug, but it is far from harmless if handled carelessly.

Copper sulfate has long been widely used in horticulture and still does not give up its position. The reasons for this are quite objective:

• When used correctly, copper sulphate is safe, because. does not have a cumulative effect, does not give side and / or long-term undesirable effects.
• Possesses biocidal and, especially, fungicidal action; copper sulfate is a very effective and widely used anti-mold agent.
• Does not cause resistance, tk. habituation and increase the resistance of harmful objects of influence.
• It is also copper-containing - Cu (II) ions are necessary for plants to synthesize a number of important phytohormones.
• Compared to synthetic drugs of a similar purpose, it is inexpensive.

Solution concentration

The use of copper sulfate in agriculture is possible different ways depending on the season and purpose of processing. In all cases, solutions of any of the 3 degrees of concentration are used:

1. "Burning Out" 3%-5%, i.e. 300-500 g per 10 liters of water - treatment in exceptional cases to disinfect a piece of land or fight mold in building structures on her. In the first case, the land after processing is withdrawn from agricultural circulation for at least a year;
2. Treatment and prophylactic 0.5%-1%, i.e. 50-100 g per 10 liters of water - to combat fungal diseases and insect pests (anthracnose, clasterosporiasis, coccomycosis and other spotting, moniliosis, septoria, phyllosticosis, scab, various rot, curly), as well as for trees (spraying and treatment of wounds on trunks and branches);
3. Feeding-fertilizing-prophylactic 0.2% -0.3% (2-3 g / 10 l of water) - with the appearance of symptoms of copper starvation of plants (leaf chlorosis, twisting of shoot tips, intensive tillering without the formation of productive shoots) and for preventive purposes.

For use according to paragraphs. 2 and 3, it is better to prepare a 10% stock solution in advance (in a tightly closed container and in a dark place, it can be stored for a long time) and dilute it with water as needed. How to dissolve copper sulfate, see below.

When to treat with copper sulfate?

In the spring, they are treated with therapeutic and prophylactic solutions of copper sulphate:

• In early spring, when the average daily temperature rises above +5 Celsius, water the soil with a 0.5% solution at the rate of 3.5-4 l / sq. m. Against yellowness (fusarium) of root crops, white and gray rot of tomato, black cabbage legs.
• Before bud break of fruit trees and shrubs against the diseases mentioned above, as well as fruit rot and black cancer - spraying with a 1% solution.
• Disinfection of the roots of seedlings - lowering for 3 minutes in a 1% solution, followed by abundant washing with water. If there is no running water or high water consumption is undesirable, intensive rinsing in 3 changes of water for 3-5 minutes each.
• Spraying potato tubers before planting with a 0.2% solution is an effective way to protect yourself from late blight.
• Warm 0.2% solution - soaking seeds for early germination. Cucumbers - 8-10 hours, others - 20-24 hours.
• Dressing seeds of tomatoes and pumpkin, suspicious for "hereditary" diseases (say, if it is not possible to acquire obviously healthy seed) - a solution of 1 g of copper sulfate, 2 g boric acid and 10 g of potassium permanganate in 10 liters of water. Seeds are soaked for 15 minutes in a solution room temperature and then rinsed with plenty of water (if not from a tap - 5 shifts of 5 minutes with continuous intensive stirring).

spend the summer next processing copper sulfate:

Note: spraying with copper sulphate is unacceptable during flowering!

In autumn, solutions of copper sulphate are used mainly for prevention. Autumn, at the end of leaf fall, treatment with copper sulfate is generally preferable. Firstly, the solution of copper sulphate has an acidic reaction, because. in copper sulfate, even the highest grade of medical category A, there is a noticeable admixture of free sulfuric acid, see table. on right. During autumn processing, chemical burns of leaves, flowers and fruits are excluded.

Secondly, the need of plants for copper as a trace element is maximum during flowering, and by the time the fruits ripen, it disappears. Thirdly, copper sulphate does not penetrate into plant tissues and, accordingly, affects only fungal sporangia without touching their mycelium. Therefore, if by the time the vegetation begins, the plants are already protected and provided with copper, the effect of treatment with copper sulphate will be the greatest.

Autumn spraying with copper sulfate is carried out with a 1% solution according to the norms indicated in the first table, and roses against black spot and powdery mildew - with a 0.5% solution. And yet, all types of processing with copper sulfate in any season should be done in the morning or in the evening at an air temperature of +5 to +30 in dry, calm weather.

Note: on suspicion of root rot trees are also watered in autumn trunk circles 0.5% solution of copper sulfate.

How to spray?

Due to the suction-back effect mentioned above, precautions when working with copper sulphate must not be neglected, a full set of PPE must be used, see fig. Animals, children and other strangers in general should not be around. Residual solution must never enter the water supply or drainage systems.

If a solution of copper sulfate gets into the eyes, they should be immediately rinsed with plenty of clean water, keeping them open. If swallowed, drink 2-3 raw eggs or 300-500 ml of milk and seek medical attention immediately. Pumping water, with or without potassium permanganate, to induce vomiting will only make the poisoning worse!

How to prepare a solution?

Copper sulphate is not dusty or volatile, so it can be bred without any special precautions; disposable plastic gloves will suffice. Prepare the mother liquor in glassware, which must be labeled so as not to be used later for food purposes. It is undesirable to use metal enameled utensils, because. copper sulfate solution corrodes the enamel.

It is unacceptable to dissolve blue vitriol in the kitchen, pos. 1 in fig. Copper sulfate is highly soluble in water, but if you dilute it at room temperature, then due to the admixture of sulfites, the finished solution will turn out to be cloudy, pos. 2, and will settle for a very long time, up to a month or more.

Copper sulfate is dissolved in hot water, from 50 degrees, but use thin-walled chemical utensils and electric stoves for this, pos. 3, undesirable: copper sulfate solution is a strong electrolyte and if the vessel bursts or the solution spills, a serious accident is guaranteed. Dissolve vitriol in a water bath, pos. 4. The cooled solution is stored for a long time, up to a year or more, in PET or glass bottles, pos. 5.

Bordeaux liquid

The acidity of copper sulfate is a serious drawback. It can be reduced by adding 0.2-0.5 liters of hot water to the working solution, in which 3-5 g (before foaming) of laundry soap is dissolved. This addition will also improve the adhesion of the solution to the leaves.

But Bordeaux liquid turns out to be much more effective - a joint solution of copper sulfate and slaked lime. It is known in 2 varieties: strong 3% (300 g of copper sulfate and 400 g of lime per 10 liters of water) and sparing 1% (100 g of both for the same volume). Strong Bordeaux liquid is used for autumn and, possibly, early spring processing, and sparing during the growing season. The only bad thing about Bordeaux liquid is that it is completely incompatible with any other preparations and soap. And its substitute with soda ash - Burgundy liquid - is much less effective.

Note: for processing grapes, Bordeaux liquid is recommended to be used only in the fall. In other cases, for this culture, it is desirable to use compositions based on iron sulphate.

To prepare Bordeaux liquid, you need to pour the required volume of water in half into 2 vessels. dissolve in one milk of lime; into another blue vitriol. The blue solution is gradually poured into the white one, stirring, see fig. on right. Ready solution allow to settle for 3-4 hours, filter and pour into a sprayer. The shelf life of a freshly prepared solution is a day.

Note: commercially available prepackaged mixtures for the preparation of Bordeaux liquid. How to prepare a working solution from the finished mixture, see the following. video:

Video: making Bordeaux liquid from the finished mixture

Copper sulfate in a greenhouse

The use of copper sulfate in greenhouses is limited. Firstly, in the absence of its free migration into the soil, excessive accumulation of copper and sulfur in the greenhouse soil is possible, which will lead to the inhibition of plants. Secondly, acidification of the soil with traces of sulfuric acid is possible. Therefore, copper sulfate in greenhouse conditions rarely used, only to disinfect a heavily infested greenhouse, see e.g. video clip:

Video: processing the greenhouse with copper sulphate

Much more justified is the use of copper sulphate in the greenhouse locally in a dry form, to combat gray rot of cucumbers. To do this, take 1 teaspoon of copper sulfate powder (the crystals need to be crushed) and mix with a tablespoon of wood ash. Sprinkle the mixture on sore spots.

Another option for using copper sulfate in greenhouses is to use it as an impregnating fungicide during its construction, but this is already a topic about building a greenhouse with your own hands. Ready moldy wooden greenhouse can be treated with copper sulphate from mold in a similar way to the method of getting rid of a living room from biting biting, see for example.

Video: disinfection with copper sulfate against mold

Vitriol and weather

The weather is of great importance for the success of copper sulphate treatment. The action of the solution begins 2-4 hours after treatment and lasts 7-12 days at outdoor temperature 25-15 degrees respectively. If in this time will pass rain, the effect will disappear, but the treatment cannot be repeated, an excess of copper is formed in the soil.

Another application

A good means of protecting trees from pest attacks is also whitewashing the trunks with lime with the addition of copper sulfate. In this case, copper sulfate can be replaced with methylene blue, in the same way that walls are whitewashed with blue to protect against fungus.

Water-soluble powdery crystalline substance of a characteristic blue-blue color. The active ingredient is represented by copper sulfate, the amount of which is 0.98 kg. The drug solution is used to protect and treat fungal infections on fruit and berry plantations. Processing of vegetable and flowering crops, including roses, is also carried out. The protective effect lasts for a month.

The mechanism of action is the reaction of copper ions and lipoprotein or enzyme complexes of a fungal or bacterial damaging factor. The result of exposure is the appearance of irreversible changes in the protoplasm and nonspecific denaturation of protein compounds. Hazard class - 3, so the drug is moderately dangerous. Proper preparation carried out in accordance with the instructions supplied by the manufacturer of the drug.

Instructions for the use of copper sulfate

A popular fungicidal agent is highly soluble in water and is widely used in the treatment of any garden and garden plants, as well as in conditions indoor floriculture. Spraying helps to cope with the lesions presented by:

• alternariosis;
• ascochitosis;
• moniliosis;
• scab
• grape mildew;
• spotting;
• septoria;
• downy mildew;
• rust
• late blight.

Properties of copper sulfate (video)

Solutions based on copper sulfate at the same time serve as a good foliar top dressing for many horticultural crops. O the lack of copper is especially noticeable on acidic sandy and peat soils. Can be used for soil disinfection in protected and open ground. It is not recommended to use copper sulfate in the fall, due to the high risk of oversaturation of the soil with copper ions.

Features of the preparation of the solution

A measured amount of powdered copper sulfate is pre-diluted in a small amount warm water to be poured into plastic container. In the process of intensive stirring, the volume of water is added up to 10 liters. The instruction does not imply the use metal utensils . To make a high-quality and most effective solution on final stage filtering is performed.

Technology and terms of processing garden and garden plants

Terms and rules of processing vary depending on the varietal and botanical characteristics of a garden or garden plant:

• protection and treatment of apple, pear and quince in case of scab, phyllosticosis and other common spotting, as well as moniliosis and desiccation, is carried out diluted in a bucket of warm water 100 g of the drug. The first treatment in early spring with a consumption of 2-5 liters per fruit tree. You can re-hold the event a couple of weeks before harvest;

• protection and treatment of apricots, peaches, plums, sweet cherries and cherries in case of damage by clasterosporosis, coccomycosis and other common spotting, moniliosis and leaf curl, is carried out diluted in a bucket of warm water 50-75 g of powder. The first treatment in early spring with a consumption of 2-3 liters per plant;
• protection and treatment of gooseberries and currants in case of damage by anthracnose, septoria and other blotches is carried out diluted in a bucket of warm water 50-75 g of powder. The first treatment in early spring with a consumption of one and a half liters per bush;
• spraying potato seed tubers to protect against phytophthora before planting with a solution based on 2.0 g of the drug and 10 liters of water.

Indoor flowering and decorative leafy plants in complex prevention are treated with a solution consisting of a teaspoon of copper sulfate and a couple of liters of water at room temperature. Watering under the root or spraying the aerial part of the crop is carried out. Vegetable crops are sprayed with a 0.5% solution based on copper sulfate and urea.

How to treat trees with copper sulfate (video)

How is copper sulphate sprayed with roses

The use of copper sulfate is carried out with great care so as not to harm rose bushes. Spraying is carried out before the phase of active flowering rose bushes, only during the vegetative stage. Treat the aerial part against black spotting and powdery mildew with a 0.5% solution.

At temperature regime air within 5-30 ° C, only in dry and calm weather. Before disinfection of garden seedlings or room rose, it is imperative to remove all bacterial cancerous growths on the root system, after which the roots are immersed in a solution based on copper sulfate for three minutes and then thoroughly washed in clean water. For foliar feeding of vegetative plants ornamental plants the standard dosage is 1.5-2.0 g of copper sulfate per 10 liters of warm water.

What is dangerous copper sulfate for plants

Recently, Burgundy liquid based on copper sulphate and soda ash diluted in water has been especially popular. This version of the solution has properties similar to the Bordeaux mixture and quality characteristics. However, burgundy liquid has a stronger effect not only on pathogens, but also on living plant tissues, therefore, it can provoke burns on young foliage. To avoid burns, it is necessary to use a weaker 1% solution for spraying garden plantings and garden crops.

Proper liquid preparation minimizes the risk of harm horticultural plants, and will also allow you to cover them with a special protective film. The mixture is applied in the same way. Among other things, it is allowed to carry out dressing of seed potatoes with a mixture I and disinfection of the root system of seedlings before planting them on permanent place.

The use of copper sulfate in horticulture (video)

Treat fruit trees and plantings berry bushes iron or copper sulphate, well known in our country, is recommended in early spring. In the first decade of spring, before the stage of active bud break, it is required to spray vitriol against diseases. Before flowering, it is imperative to treat plants from pests such as gall midges, sawflies, mites and aphids. For this purpose it is possible to apply Karbofos" or "Aktellik". Before bud break, fruit plantations can be sprayed with a solution "Nitrafena" at the rate of 0.3 kg of the drug per 10 liters of water.

Spring spraying of trees and shrubs is done immediately after flowering, and then after a couple of weeks. Processing is carried out on a cloudy and warm day, at a temperature of 18-20 ° C, in the early morning. Proper prevention of damage by diseases and pests of garden plantings involves a set of measures. Of the most commonly used preparations containing copper sulfate, one can name such affordable, but effective ones as Bordeaux mixture and "HOM".

Spraying garden plantations with urea or urea not only helps protect fruit trees from pests, but also delays early flowering of plants, which helps to avoid crop losses as a result of the negative impact of return spring frosts.

Types of spring spraying (video)

Terms and rules for spraying the garden

Preventive treatment with copper sulphate has become widespread when decontaminating the soil in a greenhouse or greenhouse. For spraying garden plants, a 2% solution of the product is used. Plants with severe disease damage should be treated with this drug at a concentration of 5%.

In the spring, it is necessary to spray the plants with a solution of karbofos at the rate of 30 g per 10 liters of water. This tool has proven itself in protecting garden strawberries from ticks, as well as other plantings from aphids and sucker. Garden soil under berry bushes should be pollinated with 12% hexachloran dust at the rate of 50 g per bush before active leafing begins. Pollination of the soil allows you to save the garden from damage by such common pests in our country as gall midge, moth and gooseberry sawfly.

The prepared 1% solution is used for the following purposes:

• prevention of late blight, Alternaria and black bacterial spot on tomatoes;
• prevention of late blight on potatoes;
• prevention of peronosporosis, rust and rot on onion crops;
• prevention of anthracnose, peronosporosis, olive blotch and bacteriosis on cucumbers.

The use of copper sulphate as a fertilizer also shows itself well.. Copper sulfate is applied once every five years. This type of feeding is carried out in the early spring or autumn with a consumption of one gram for each square meter. Before use, the drug should be thoroughly crushed and mixed with the soil. For implementation foliar dressings vegetative plants, the standard concentration of the solution is 1-2 g of copper sulfate per bucket of water. To destroy the cabbage black leg, tomato rot, fusarium or yellowness on cabbage crops, as well as diseases that affect radishes, turnips and rutabaga, watering is carried out with a consumption of 5 g of copper sulfate per bucket of water.

Terms and rules for spraying soil in a greenhouse

Experienced vegetable growers recommend spraying greenhouse soil with well-established chemicals, which allows planting such popular vegetable plants, like tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and cucumbers, in a land free from pathogenic microflora. Proper and timely use of chemicals reduces the risk of accumulation of harmful substances in the resulting vegetable and green products. Currently, several methods of greenhouse soil treatment are practiced, including biological, thermal, in the form of heating and steaming, as well as chemical.

Most often for soil disinfection under conditions closed ground Bordeaux liquid is used, which consists of a mixture of lime and copper sulfate. A pair of enameled containers should be filled with hot water and copper sulfate and slaked lime should be dissolved in it in an amount of 0.3 kg. The lime solution should be filtered and combined with a solution of copper sulphate. The correctness of the preparation of the composition can be checked using litmus: it is dyed in Blue colour. Ready-made mixtures based on copper and iron sulphate are also popular in home gardening and horticulture.

In the spring, it is necessary to install trellises and supports necessary for the full growth and development climbing plants. In the same period, decorative conifers are planted, and basic fertilizers are also applied. When planting and immediately after flowering, apply mineral fertilizers or organic. Nitrogen-containing fertilizers are applied at the rate of 45-50 g of ammonium sulfate and 20-25 g ammonium nitrate for every square metre. Good result gives sowing green manure plants, which can be mowed twice during the growing season and plowed into the ground.

Spraying trees: blue vitriol (video)

In the first decade of spring, you can engage in division flowering perennials, which allows minimal cost rejuvenate plants. It is very important to carry out protective measures in case of a threat of late return frosts. You can apply smoke or sprinkling, as well as use almost any covering material. Compliance with agricultural technology and timely holding of the main spring events allows you to get not only healthy, but also abundantly fruitful garden and horticultural crops.