Milk of lime preparation for plants. Lime in horticulture: soil liming, tree treatment, which one to use, etc. The principle of action of Bordeaux liquid

For getting good harvest in a garden or garden, it is not enough just to sow seeds and plant seedlings or seedlings. Both plantings and the soil beneath them need to be properly maintained. Experienced gardeners and gardeners, to fertilize the soil or to control pests, along with other means, use various chemicals. One of the most popular is fluff lime. In the garden and garden there are many factors that determine the need for the use of this tool.

What is fluff lime? How can it be useful in providing normal growth garden and horticultural crops? What are the features of its application? Let's try to understand this in the article.

What is fluff lime?

For the garden and vegetable garden, in which the owners practice natural farming, the use of calcium lime (a substance of organic origin), which is divided into two types, is suitable:

(CaO) quicklime;
(Ca(OH)2) slaked lime.

Both types are safe for humans and plants (subject to the rules of use and reasonable handling).

Calcium lime is used as an additive in Food Industry(marking E-529). It is a product of the processing of chalk, limestone and other minerals of the carbonate group. Externally, it is a white powder that dissolves in water. The main rock-forming elements are dolomite and calcite.

Fluffy lime: application

These substances are well known as effective means for fertilizing garden and horticultural crops. They are widely used in large-scale (field) agriculture and in private farms.

Both alone and as constituents of lime, they are used to treat plants to protect them from pests and control diseases, as well as to improve soil quality.

What does "lime slaking" mean?

Fluffy - this is easy to get at home from ordinary quicklime.

The quenching process is a reaction between lime powder and water, the duration of which is only a few minutes. During the interaction of these components, a kind of "melting" of lime occurs - its processing into a form that is more convenient for use and safe for processed plants. In this case, one nuance should be taken into account: when making slaked lime, you cannot use hot water, because heat liquid helps to neutralize useful properties product.

On the features of the use and benefits of lime for the garden and vegetable garden

According to Vishnyakov's classification, lime contains substances such as calcium, potassium and magnesium. The form of potassium is oxide, easily absorbed by plants. A large proportion of limestone is calcium.

It is known that many plants cannot tolerate an excess of calcium. Nevertheless, it is indispensable in important life processes occurring in plant organisms. The presence of calcium in the soil is necessary: it retains hydrogen ions, which help to ensure a favorable level of environmental reaction.

Functions of calcium:

protects cultivated plants from diseases, strengthens their immunity;
activates the activity of nitrogen retaining in the soil, which comes to the roots from the air during loosening, which improves the quality of plant nutrition, increases their resistance to various harmful factors;
improves the transport of carbohydrates in tissues;
favors better dissolution of elements in water;
contributes to a better and more active development of the root system.

The constituent components of lime are vital for plant nutrition.

In this regard, fluff lime is indispensable, the use of which in the garden is described in the article, when forming compost. Calcium is a catalyst that activates the activity of beneficial microorganisms that release nitrogen from organic matter and mineralize it. In addition, it helps to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and the formation of humus.

The ability to reduce the acidity of the soil is one of the most useful properties that fluff lime has. Its use in the garden and vegetable garden contributes not only to the normalization of the reaction of the upper soil layer, but also to its improvement. chemical composition. It neutralizes the action of toxic metals - manganese, iron and aluminum.

Pushonka lime, the use in the garden, as well as in the garden of which all gardeners know to normalize the chemical composition of the soil, has a positive effect on making it more lumpy and less loose.

How often is liming done?

Lime is actively used in agriculture for various purposes. The most relevant of them is the neutralization of soil acidity. For this procedure, fluff lime is used. Application in the garden (the application rate is given below) occurs in compliance with the following terms:

usually liming is carried out once every 4-5 years;
on soil subjected to intensive exploitation - once every 3 years.

How to determine the increased acidity of the soil?

To determine the degree of "souring" of the beds (increased acidity of the soil), it is worth paying attention to some external signs, with which the earth "signals" about changes in its chemical composition:

the appearance of green moss on the edges of the earth;
growth of horsetail and wormwood, clover, rosemary, heather, sorrel, white-bearded, creeping buttercup.

Availability on land plot these uninvited guests- a sign that fluff lime is needed here, the use in the garden of which is carried out according to the established dosage.

Besides, hallmark acidity are:

whitish, like an ashy layer lying on the surface;
poor growth of beets, wheat.

You can determine the increased acidity using paper indicators, which are sold in specialized stores.

Why struggle with increased

An acidic earth is a haven for disease-causing bacteria and fungi. Beneficial microorganisms in acidic soil are not present in sufficient quantities.

Weeds tend to grow on acidic soil. cultivars do not do well in such an environment. Poorly developed root system which often results in plant death.

A high pH indicates elevated level in the earth of hydrogen ions. When fertilizers are applied, hydrogen reacts with them, which transforms their composition, making them useless for plants. Carrying out soil deoxidation in autumn or spring helps to reduce the level of manganese and aluminum. Magnesium, nitrogen, molybdenum, phosphorus, calcium will be provided in the required amount.

Rules for applying lime to the soil

To increase the yield, fluff lime must be applied correctly. Application in the garden, the dosage should correspond to the following application rates:

heavy, clay soils: 450-800gsm m;
light soils, loams, aluminas: 350-600 g/sq. m;
lightest, sandy soils: 250-500 g/sq. m.

Exceeding the application rate is harmful to plants. Too alkaline soil leads to a decrease in the absorption of most essential trace elements by plants, in particular calcium. On the other hand, poor quality liming can be caused by the introduction of lime into the soil at the same time as manure. In this case, the formation of insoluble compounds that are useless for plants occurs. Vegetable crops begin to lack essential nutrients and do not give a good harvest.

How is lime applied to the soil?

When to carry out liming?

In autumn, fluff lime (application in the garden is described in the article) is introduced into the soil during digging in order to completely lim it.

Autumn digging (re-plowing) of the soil is more preferable, especially when preparing early vegetables for sowing. It should be started immediately after harvesting and removing the remains of roots and tops. Fertilizers are spread evenly throughout the area. The soil layers should be turned over with a shovel so that the more sprayed top layer is at the bottom, and the structural bottom layer is on the surface. In autumn, it is not recommended to break clods and level the surface - this way the moisture in the ground is better preserved.

The main processing is carried out to a depth of 22-30 cm, under perennial vegetable crops- 35-40 cm.

Plots with a shallow topsoil require digging of the subsoil with the simultaneous application of lime and organic fertilizers:

when digging, the fertile layer is removed, and the podzol (subsoil) is loosened to a depth of 1-2 cm;
lime is added there (150 g / sq. m);
the loosened layer is mixed with fertile soil;
organic fertilizers are applied (8-10 kg / sq. m);
the furrow is filled with the top layer of earth.

Carrying out annual loosening and fertilization of the soil contributes to an increase in the arable fertile layer.

Knowledgeable owners appreciate fluff lime. Application in the garden in the spring is also possible. It is introduced into the soil in a small amount for light digging, mainly for those crops that are especially sensitive to increased soil acidity: onions and garlic, lettuce, mustard, turnips, radishes, cabbage. The procedure is carried out a week before planting seedlings and sowing seeds.

About the use of lime together with fertilizers

Fluffy lime can be applied together with organic fertilizers. However, some restrictions must be observed:

it is not recommended to mix chalk, cement dust, lime, marl, lime tuff, dolomite;
from natural fertilizers it is allowed to mix exclusively calcium organics (ground limestone).

Weed control

Fluff lime is an effective weed control. Use in the weed garden is advisable if the site is too acidic. It usually grows such indicator grass as wood lice. She is very tenacious, so fight her with mechanical methods(weeding out) is quite difficult. Effective way the fight against wood lice is the creation of unbearable conditions for the weed. To do this, when digging in the fall, chalk, ash or lime should be added to the soil. With a decrease in soil acidity, wood lice will disappear.

The use of lime (200 g / sq. M) is detrimental to many weeds, including wheatgrass and horsetail.

About the fight against wireworm

The wireworm (larva of the click beetle) is the most dangerous. Fighting it involves a mandatory combination various methods in combination with preventive measures. Getting rid of this unpleasant guest will significantly improve the quality of root crops: beets, carrots, radishes, potatoes. Ignoring his presence on the site can lead to a complete loss of the crop.

A favorable condition for the reproduction of wireworm larvae is the increased acidity of the soil. A decrease in acidity leads to the fact that females stop laying eggs in such an environment, and in the future this will save the area from the pest.

Fluff lime is an effective remedy for this. Application in the garden from the wireworm involves the introduction of a small amount (0.5 kg / sq. M) into the soil, watering, re-digging after a few days and re-wetting. Ash is also added (one handful in each hole).

Application in horticulture

Fluff is indispensable in gardening. It is used both as a deoxidizer for liming the soil, and for shrubs.

Whitewashing is an effective and inexpensive means of protecting trees from pests.

Spring whitewash protects trunks from scorching sun rays, as well as from awakened insects wintering in the ground. Trees that are regularly treated with lime every spring are not carriers of pests.

Many gardeners whiten trees before winter. Autumn coating with clay and whitewashing help protect the tree trunk from sharp fluctuations in temperature. The impact of precipitation (rain, snow) makes the whitewash layer insufficient to protect against insects and solar overheating, which are especially dangerous for young seedlings. Therefore, it is recommended to whiten the trees after all in the spring.

Before whitewashing, it is necessary to prepare the trunk - remove the upper dead layer of the bark, in the axils of which larvae and adults of pests can hide. The bark must be burned. After that, the tree is treated with a prepared solution.

How to dilute lime for whitewash?

Components are thoroughly mixed:

clay (300 g);
dry mullein (1 kg);
copper sulfate (200 g);
lime (1 kg);
water (10 l).

The solution is left to swell. You can start processing trees in 2-3 hours. A guarantee of a positive effect is possible only if the prescription is followed exactly.

The use of fluff lime for liming the soil, as well as for pest and weed control, contributes to obtaining a high-quality and rich harvest.

Water emulsion is good, but fluff is cheaper and better for disinfection . This is due to the fact that lime, in addition to its coloring ability, has an antiseptic property, therefore it prevents the formation of fungus and mold on any surface. The article will focus on the preparation of lime.

It is customary to call lime materials after firing and special technology processing of such natural materials, like chalk, shell rock, limestone and other carbonate rocks. Heat treated in ovens different type at +1000 - 1200 degrees lumps rocks turn into pieces of various shapes.
For further use, they are subjected to special processing without any chemical components and catalysts. Therefore, it turns out 100% natural material, in the composition of which a small content of mineral additives and clay impurities is allowed.
Lime is most often used in construction. And not only. Special grades of lime are widely used in ferrous metallurgy, food, pulp and paper, leather, chemical, textile and sugar industries. Workers also use lime Agriculture and environmentalists to neutralize flue gases or water runoff.

Popularity of lime

History has not preserved the name of the one who first thought of using unique opportunities lime. It is quite possible that it was one of the first finishing materials for decorating the dwellings of our ancestors. Obtaining patents and copyrights for innovations appeared already in the times of modern history. Now he would be among the richest oligarchs in the world.

After all, according to experts, about 300 million tons of lime are produced annually in the world. Of these, 120 million tons are sold on the market. Russia is among the leading producers of this finishing material. About 10 million tons of lime are produced annually in the country. Of these, 4 million tons are for construction.

Longest decorative materials and more often lime is used for whitewashing. Using it does not require special skills and physical effort. It is reliable and not too burdensome for the family wallet.
Whitewashing with lime wooden structures or the walls of houses - a tool used and proven for centuries. It was made not only for decorative purposes, but also to prevent wood decay, fire protection.
Today, in megacities, almost no one covers the walls of rooms with lime. However, in the rural outback, they still prefer to use it to cover hidden beams, invisible rafters or internal girders.
Varieties of lime

Silicates give lime hydraulic properties. Depending on the degree of their content, lime is considered air or hydraulic. Hydraulic lime has the ability to enhance the process of hardening and maintain the strength of solutions both in air and in aquatic environment. Depending on the content of clinker minerals, it can be weakly hydraulic or strongly hydraulic.

Air lime is designed to ensure the hardening of mortars used in construction and to maintain their strength at a normal level of humidity.

calcium;
magnesian;
dolomite.
By type of processing lime is:

lumpy, so-called boiling water;
ground in the form of a powder obtained by grinding burnt lumps;
fluff, which is a slaked material obtained after quenching lumps with water;
lime dough - a product of quenching lumpy raw materials;
milk of lime - white suspension.

In addition, lime is divided into:

quickly extinguished within no more than 8 minutes;
medium quenching - no more than 25 minutes;
slowly quenched for at least 25 minutes.

Powdered lime is available with or without additives. Most known species- quicklime. It is widely used in the manufacture of concrete, building, finishing, bonding and antiseptic solutions. With its help, an artificial stone is produced.

When using different technological parameters for burning rocks, lumps of lime are obtained with varying degrees strength:

hard fired;
softly burnt;
intermediate option.

as material for construction works soft burnt lime is more often used, in which:

the smallest grain size;
lower density;
minimum extinguishing time.

During the extinguishing process, heat is released. If you do not follow the safety precautions, there is a risk of severe burns.

From the certificate of conformity of lime quality, you can learn about the grade and condition of lime, the percentage of impurities. This document is issued only to organizations that comply with GOST in the manufacture of the material.
What is lime made from?

The type and brand of lime determines the main scope of its use.

Lime for construction work is made from rocks containing a large percentage of calcium and magnesium. It is used as a plasticizer in concrete mixtures and binding solutions. This brand is sold with lime dough or in lumps and fluff.
For the manufacture of hydraulic lime by firing, limestones with 6-20% clay impurities are used. This brand is used for the production of concrete low species, because it has low plasticity, in contrast to high level strength. Hydraulic lime is more often used in the construction of structures that will be operated in conditions of high humidity.
Lump lime is used as a semi-finished product for the preparation of powders or solutions. Store it in closed warehouses to protect it from moisture. It is most often used for the preparation of whitewash solutions.
Garden lime is used to enrich acidic soil with calcium. Without enough of it, plants grow and develop poorly. Slaked and quicklime are added to the soil in rainy spring or autumn weather. Precipitation contributes to a better dissolution of limestone.
The porous white mass of soda lime is caustic soda mixed with slaked lime. Another area of application is the production of gas masks and pressure chambers, equipment for divers.
Bleach contains free chlorine and calcium hydroxide. It has powerful disinfectant power and whitening property.

Lime properties

Low cost. In the ranking of materials, lime in lumps is rated quite high. Find material for finishing works with the same combination of price and quality is almost impossible.
Disinfection. Bacteria that get on the film formed by lime die.
Moisture resistance.
No unpleasant odor.
Versatility. Ability to use as old whitewash and on new surfaces.
UV resistant.
Friendly attitude to dyes.

Two main disadvantages of lime:

The risk of streaks and stripes, bubbles, if the rules for the percentage of preparation of a solution for whitewashing or concrete are not followed. A very liquid consistency will not color the surface to the required saturation, and a thick solution of whitewash, when dried, will turn into bubbles and crumble.
Due to its causticity, extreme care is required when working with lime.

DIY lime

Lime for whitewashing is used on facades after plastering, surfaces of walls and ceilings in basements and rooms with high humidity or dry, kitchens, toilets. The lime composition is steadfastly indifferent to the influence of water and temperature changes. For example, ceilings are whitewashed with lime milk, and even walls after plastering are painted with lime-based paints.

Lime is used for primers and paints on water based for finishing surfaces inside and outside, not only as a paint, but also as a binding element. However, only alkali-resistant pigments are used for tinting lime mixtures with an alkaline character. For example, for 1 kg of lime, no more than 100 g of soot or chromium oxide, mummy or umber are added. These dyes are diluted with water to a thick porridge. After 5 hours of exposure, stirring vigorously, add color to the fluff, which is diluted to the consistency of milk.
It is more rational to buy dry lime. It keeps for quite a long time. Preparation for use will not take much time.
Before spreading lime, lumps big size needs to be crushed and extinguished. Depending on how the solution will be used, fluff (powder solution) or dough is prepared. To do this, you need to take a different amount of liquid.
To prepare fluff for whitewashing a surface with an area of 2.5 squares, you need to take a sufficiently deep container without rust. This is necessary because during the quenching of lime with water, the volume increases by 2-3 times.
Put 1 kg of lime lumps in a bowl. Pour 0.75 - 1 liter of cool water. Cover loosely with a lid to allow steam to escape. If you take little water to slake lime, it can “burn out”. If there is too much water, lime lumps can "suffocate".
The procedure should be carried out with extreme caution, because the solution heats up to about 140-150 degrees. The boiling mixture hisses and splashes, so it is better to play it safe and put on goggles and gloves before extinguishing the lime.
During the 8-30 minute boil, the bubbling mass should be thoroughly mixed with a wooden stick.
When the extinguishing process is completed, it is necessary to close the container with a lid and put it in the cellar for 15-30 days. Only after such exposure the material acquires the most effective, disinfecting and reliable properties.
On the day of whitewashing, you need to dilute the fluff with water. Whitewashing walls or ceilings is done with milk of lime, obtained by thoroughly mixing 3 parts of water with 1 part of freshly slaked lime. The liquid should be added so much that on the stick with which the solution is stirred, ideally white lime remains in the form of a dense and even film.
For the preparation of lime dough, the algorithm of work will be the same. In addition to the amount of liquid, which will require much less.

Five tips from lime professionals

To increase the strength of the coating and prevent swelling of the plaster layer, 10-15% paint with a latex base or wallpaper glue is added to lime milk.
For a more dense sticking of the lime milk solution, ½ bucket of whitewash solution is added green soap(1 tablespoon).
To give decorative whitewash additional durability, drying oil (1/3 of a full tablespoon) and table salt (about 5 g) are added to this volume. Everything is thoroughly mixed, and then filtered through a fine sieve to remove undissolved lumps and grains.
A light bluish tint that favorably sets off the surface of the ceiling in daylight can be obtained by adding blue (20 g).
Lime painting coloring compositions should be done on cold or damp days.

Lime consumption

Whitewashing the surface of walls, ceilings or other building structures is considered the most inexpensive finish. Consumption depends on the selected application technology and the smoothness of the surface. When using a brush, more whitewash is required. Perfectly aligned walls require less milk of lime than painting brick surfaces. Approximate consumption per 1 m² of smooth walls is 0.5 liters of ready-made whitewash solution.
Usually professional craftsmen whitewashing 1 m2 of walls with one layer is estimated at 50 rubles and more. The price depends on the need for cleaning from dirt or paint, surface structure, number of layers.
Lime consumption for whitewashing

The cost of using lime is more profitable than painting walls water-based paints or decorate with other materials. Yes and by quality characteristics And antiseptic properties it surpasses many of them.

__________________________________________________

Solutions based on cement, gypsum or clay with the addition of lime have been known for a long time. With the help of it, plastic and inexpensive compositions are obtained, which are used both for external and internal works. In this article we will tell you how to make milk from lumpy lime, in what proportions to make a mixture for plastering and whitewashing, and also consider the application technology.

What is lime plaster

The addition of lime to solutions can significantly increase the plasticity and crack resistance of the plaster. It becomes much easier to work with it, it does not dry out so quickly, it easily sticks even to wood, and the surface is smoother, without defects. It is also an excellent protection against mold and mildew. Another undeniable advantage is its environmental friendliness - unlike synthetic additives, lime is absolutely harmless.

Lime is widely used in construction as a plasticizer.. However, when plastering facades, it should be noted that it can only be used in areas with a dry climate. Such solutions are not recommended for use in rooms with high (over 60%) humidity.

Lime plaster is considered to be warmer and more vapor-permeable, that is, "breathable", and it is much easier to remove it from the walls in case of repair than, for example, ordinary cement plaster. But excess lime can lead to a weakening of the surface strength. That is why it should be added in moderation, strictly adhering to the proportions.

As we can see, lime plaster a lot of advantages. The disadvantages include not such high strength, as in cement compositions. It is also not recommended to use it in wet rooms and for laying tiles.

But special strength from such a solution is not required. After all, the purpose of plastering is to level the surface and cover up small cracks. A stronger mortar is required when laying. However, in this case, according to SNiP, it is allowed to add a small amount of lime dough or clay to it to increase plasticity.

When extinguishing lime, be extremely careful - splashes of hot mixture can cause burns. The smallest lime dust that can be deposited on the mucous membrane also has a harmful effect. Therefore, protective clothing, gloves and a respirator should be used when working.

Preparation of milk of lime (slaking)

Lump quicklime

Quicklime (calcium oxide) is not suitable for plastering or masonry mortar, because when interacting with water, a large amount of heat and water vapor is released. In this case, the formation of alkali Ca (OH) 2 occurs. Here it is needed for the preparation of plaster. Slaked lime (fluff) is bought in the form of a powder or prepared by hand.

Ready fluff

The extinguishing process is quite simple.. First you need to make milk of lime. Add to a bucket or bath:

clean cold water;
lumpy lime in a ratio of 1:1 by weight of water.

Lime should be added gradually, in small pieces, constantly stirring the solution. Otherwise, the upper layer, having reacted, forms hydroxide on the surface, blocking the access of water to the lower part of the container, and the material will not completely react.

In the process of transition of caustic lime CaO into fluff, that is, calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2, it heats up strongly, and then crumbles into a white dry powder. It can be used in mortars for masonry no earlier than after 14 days, in a mixture for plastering - after 30 days.

After the lime has completely reacted, milk of lime is prepared from it.. To prepare a 10% solution, take 1 kg of fluff and 9 liters of water. Sometimes, for better adhesion, up to 1% liquid soap is added to the composition.

Since lump lime may contain unburned or burnt pieces that cannot be extinguished, therefore, after thorough mixing, it is advisable to strain the solution through a sieve.

Please note that the recommendations for kneading plaster indicate most often not milk of lime, but dough. IN industrial environment it is made by settling milk of lime. At home, such a dough can be made by also removing excess water after precipitation. However, it is worth remembering that it will be difficult to filter a thick solution.

Types of lime plaster

Prepared with the addition of lime different types solutions, including cement, gypsum and clay. We give in detail the recipes for their preparation.

Lime-sand

This type of plaster is considered an inexpensive analogue cement mixture and is most often used for finishing utility rooms. The proportions in this case are similar:

for the preparation of a primer solution, the ratio of lime and sand is 1: 2;
when sprayed on the walls, it is equal to 1: 2;
to be used as the main finishing coating 1:5.

Before preparing lime-sand plaster, the components are mixed dry, then water is added. Better to use pure river sand, sieved before mixing.

This mixture hardens slowly, so it is allowed to cover it with polyethylene and use it on the second day. She will not lose her properties.

Lime-cement

Such plaster is strong enough, therefore it is widely used for facade and interior work. The ratio of the components of the mixture varies depending on the goals:

for spraying 1:0.4:4 (cement, lime paste, sand);
when used as a primer: 1:1:4;
for finishing coatings: 1:1.5:1.5.

There are also ready-made dry mixes on sale, for example, the Weber Vetonit 414 brand. It is suitable for any surface, for interior and exterior use. The plaster is reinforced with microfiber, so it hardens without shrinkage, and can be used as a base or leveling layer. Vetonite consumption - 1.4 kg / m2 with a thickness of 1 mm.

Lime-gypsum

Adding to the sand mortar plaster allows you to get a more even and durable surface and speed up the hardening process. Such a solution fits well even on a stone and wooden surface.

The proportions for breeding are as follows:

when sprayed (lime paste, sand, gypsum): 1:0.5:2;
for use as a base coat: 1:1.5:2;
as a primer: 1:1:2.

It is more difficult to work with such compounds, since the solution hardens very quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to cook it in small quantities.

Lime-clay

This plaster is used infrequently, mainly for finishing huts, stoves and fireplaces. It is prepared in this way:

primer proportions (lime paste, clay, sand) 2:1.5:2;
for kneading as a coating 2:1:3.5;
for spraying 2:1:3.

Clay for kneading should be taken with medium fat content. If it is skinny and the solution does not stick to the trowel, then you need to increase its amount in the mixture. With excessively oily clay, on the contrary, increase the percentage of sand.

Table of consumption of materials for plastering 1 m2 of surface

Plaster with lime mortar

Wall preparation

If you are not doing repairs in a new building with bare walls, then you need to remove all the old finishes. Old wallpaper is moistened with water and removed with a scraper or a wire brush. If it is necessary to completely remove the old layer of whitewash, then the surface can be moistened with a liquid paste. After it dries, the whitewash, together with the glue, can be easily removed with a spatula.

Large cracks are expanded with a grinder or a knife, dusted, primed, and then covered with a durable cement mortar. Their locations are glued with sickle tape.

For reliable fixing of plaster on concrete, brick walls with an ax or a perforator, notches are made about 10 cm wide. Wooden walls are upholstered with shingles - strips of wood. It is fixed with nails, and it is not necessary to drive them deep - part of the nail must be bent. You can replace shingles with a metal mesh stuffed onto the surface.

The walls must be primed before applying the first layer. The primer will glue the remaining dust and increase the adhesion of the plaster.

When perfect evenness is required, guide beacons are used. They are attached to the wall with a small amount of putty, then leveled. The distance between the beacon profiles should be 20 cm less than the length of the rule with which the mixture will be leveled during plastering.

Applying plaster

Consider the technology of plastering walls with your own hands, without using machine application. To obtain a high-quality surface with lime plaster, three layers are needed:

Advice! Since lime mortar sets more slowly, it is not recommended to apply too thick a primer layer, because it can “float”. If necessary, it is applied again with a second or third layer, drying each for about a day. It is necessary to overwrite such a surface only after the plaster has completely dried.

If after some time repair of the plaster is required, then it can be done in the same sequence as the initial application: clean the chips and cracks in the finish; prime the wall; apply the mixture in several layers; wipe after dry.

Whitewashing with lime

Lime mortar is also cheap material for whitewashing ceilings and walls. Also this good antiseptic, which is used in utility rooms, vegetable pits. Whitewashing trees protects them from pests and diseases.

Properly prepared whitewash covers the surface well and holds firmly.

The consumption of the prepared mixture will depend on the surface of the walls. On a flat wall or ceiling, 0.5 liters of whitewash per 1 m2 will go. For raw brickwork consumption will be 1 l / m2. It will also depend on the application method. Most economical option- spraying with, for example, an airbrush or hand sprayer.

Lime-based plaster is inexpensive option wall and ceiling finishes. The mixture is easy to prepare with your own hands. It easily lays down on walls, creating protection against a mold and rotting. It is worth remembering that for wet rooms cement is added to the composition.

We hope you found something useful in this article. Leave your comments and questions below in the comments.

February 3, 2016

Reagents used in production are usually supplied in the form ready solutions or loose substances packed in bags weighing 20-80 kg. To reduce costs, enterprises are increasingly organizing independent. For example:

caustic soda NaOH;
soda ash Na 2 CO 3 ;
sodium orthophosphate Na 3 PO 4 ;
slaked lime Ca(OH) 2 ;
iron sulfate Fe 2 (SO 4) 3
iron chloride FeCl 3, etc.

Production operations for unloading and dissolving bulk substances are considered potentially hazardous to health and unattractive for personnel, since, as a rule, they are accompanied by the ingress of fine dust of the dissolved substance into the air of the working area.

How to get lime milk solution

The usual procedure for making milk of lime is as follows:

The worker opens the bag, pours it into a container in which dissolution takes place.
The slaked lime bag is disposed of.
To intensify dissolution, mechanical agitators, aeration, and hydraulic mixing are used.

To reduce the harmful effects on humans, personal protective equipment is used, local exhaust ventilation is organized in the solution preparation area. It is also necessary to instruct the personnel performing the preparation of solutions and monitoring compliance with safe work practices. The thoroughness and severity of protective measures increase significantly with the dissolution of toxic bulk substances. Nevertheless, even with careful observance of all protective measures, the preparation of solutions is considered a dangerous operation.

On the treatment facilities galvanic area and production area printed circuit boards FSUE NPO "Impulse" in 2012 was tested and implemented safe technology for preparing lime milk solution. Previously, the company purchased a ready-made 5% lime milk solution. For economic reasons, it was decided to switch to the purchase of lime and self-preparation of the solution. As equipment for the preparation of milk of lime was chosen (Fig. 1).

Specifications:

The amount of solution - up to 500 liters.
The nominal weight of the dissolved ingredient is up to 80 kg.
The size of the mortar tank is 530 (diameter) x 1010 (height), volume 100 l.
The size of the storage tank is 920 (diameter) x 865 (height), volume 500 l.
Installed power (pump) 1.5 kW.

The dissolution of the reagent occurs as follows:

The lime bag is manually loaded (possibly using a loading table) into the mortar tank. The bag is pierced from below with a barrel with a sharp tip.
The solution tank is closed with a hinged lid, which is tightly pressed against the flange by turning the screw. Subsequent operations are carried out in a hermetically sealed closed space, which ensures the absence of dusting and guarantees the safety of personnel.
The storage tank is filling up necessary quantity water (up to 500 l). The amount of water is set depending on the package ( Weight Limit packaging - 80 kg) and the required concentration of the solution.
Turns on circulation pump that delivers water through the tip into the solute bag. The water dissolves the ingredient and returns to the storage tank through the perforated grate. The circulation of water continues until the lime is completely dissolved.
After the end of dissolution (the time is set by the timer) the pump is switched off. The lid of the solution tank opens and the empty bag is removed.

The installation for the preparation of milk of lime was placed in a room located above two supply tanks (volume 10 m 3 each). For ease of placement in existing areas, the solution unit (supplied, as a rule, as a single unit) was divided into two parts - the solution tank and the storage tank. When slaked lime (Ca(OH) 2) is dissolved, dust does not enter the air. Lime from the bag completely passes into solution, there is no more lime in the wet bag removed after the end of the dissolution cycle. It takes no more than 30 minutes to dissolve one bag of lime weighing 25 kg ( the dissolution time was set on the timer during commissioning and has not been adjusted since then due to the lack of need.) Considering the small weight of the bags, the device for loading the bag into the solution tank of FSUE NPO Impuls was not purchased. The bags are loaded manually.

Installation was convenient and easy to use. The instruction manual is detailed and contains all necessary information, therefore, the preparation of milk of lime was quickly mastered by the personnel of the treatment plant.

For a year of operation mortar unit There were no equipment failures. The transition to self-preparation of the solution allows the company to save significant funds. Approximately 3.5 m 3 of milk of lime is consumed per month. The laboriousness of the preparation of milk of lime is low - it was not required to introduce an additional staff unit at the treatment plant.

Slaked lime: application

When whitewashing indoors.
As a protection against rotting and fire, I used wooden fences and rafters.
For cooking mortars.
For the preparation of silicate concrete.
To soften water - to eliminate carbonate hardness.
In the production of bleach.
In the production of lime fertilizers.
When caustifying sodium or potassium carbonate.
When tanning leather.
For getting various connections calcium, as well as to neutralize acidic solutions, organic acids, etc.
As a food additive E526.
For the preparation of lime water - a solution of calcium hydroxide, which is used to detect carbon dioxide.
For the preparation of milk of lime used for the preparation of sugar and the preparation of mixtures to combat plant diseases, whitewashing trunks.
For disinfection of root canals in dentistry.

Rules for the use and storage of slaked lime

1. If it is necessary to change the density of the resulting slaked lime, water must be added.
The raw material must be mixed until the composition stops taking in water.
Water should completely disappear - soak into the raw materials, only in this case you need to add water.
After all the water has disappeared, the slaked lime must be covered with sand - at least 20 cm from above.
In winter, so that the dough does not freeze, 70 cm of earth must be poured on top of the sand.
The use of slaked lime with grains, unslaked and burnt particles will lead to swelling and caverns.
Lime to be used in masonry mortars must be cured for at least 14 days.
Lime to be used for plastering must be cured for at least 30 days.
When using a first-class boil, you can get at least two liters of good thick dough for every kilogram of your weight.
The worse the quality, the lower the output (from 1 to 1.5 kg from the second and third grades of boiling water).
For mortars, it is necessary to use sand and water in addition to lime.
Lime mortars are famous for their good adhesion to both brick and cinder block.
Lime mortars are not recommended for use on wood. If not special choice, then you first need to fill the shingles or make a special plaster mesh.
Lime mortars are ideal for kiln masonry(pipe and foundation).

Slaked lime can be replaced with dolomite flour, which contains more not only calcium, but also magnesium. However, you should always remember that when replacing any drug with other analogues, you need to calculate the percentage of the active substance, in this case it is alkali.

Substitutes: 1 kg of lime = 4-6 kg of ash = 1.5-2.5 kg of dolomite flour.

Hydrated lime is used as a means of combating larvae and beetles, for whitewashing trees and processing wooden objects that interact with the soil (fences, bench legs, plant supports, etc.). This will slow down the rotting process and will protect against pests.

Do not forget that almost every dacha has a cellar where vegetables are stored, garden tools and other items necessary in the household, so lime will be an excellent prophylactic in the fight against mold in the cellar.

Hydrated lime is applied to the soil in autumn or spring after plowing, so that it gradually penetrates into the depths during rain. If you do not dig up the garden, but you need to lime the soil, then distribute a bucket of fluff per 1 sq.m. and go with a flat cutter. Do not mulch. The application of lime cannot be combined with any other type of fertilizer, this can significantly reduce the result.

It is worth noting that slaked lime should be used freshly prepared, since with prolonged interaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide, its properties begin to evaporate.

milk of lime

There is such a thing as milk of lime. Some summer residents use it as a substitute for whitewash, spraying entire trees and shrubs. Thus, there is a continuous protection of plants from sunburn and overheating, the bark is wrapped in a “warm shirt” in winter and lingers spring bloom for a week, thereby saving many plants from return frosts spring.

It is not difficult to prepare milk of lime: depending on the concentration, take 1-2 kg of freshly slaked lime and dilute it in 10 liters of water. If pest larvae are poured on a tree with milk of lime, then they will not be able to develop and the caterpillars will not be able to move.

Milk of lime: 200 grams of slaked lime (22 tablespoons or 17 matchboxes) per bucket of water (10 liters) and 1 glass of ash per plant.

"Milk of lime" is not used to feed clematis, but to deoxidize the soil (to prevent possible wilt on acidic soils). A glass of ash (fresh) has the same meaning, plus some potassium. If you want to feed - any complex fertilizer. I have long abandoned supposedly specialized fertilizers, with an indispensable picture of the fertilized plant on the package, and I use fertilizers like the usual Nitrofoska and the former Kemira (now Fertika).

Slaked lime
consists mainly of Ca (OH) 2 - alkali.
Specific gravity - from 2.1 to 3.15 g / cm3 (according to various sources).

Dolomite flour
Composition: MgO - up to 21.7%, CaO - up to 32%, Fe2O3 - up to 0.05%, SiO2 - up to 1.5%, Al2O3 - 1.0%,
double salt CaCO3-MgCO3 - 47.9% (for example, it is completely converted into alkali).
The specific gravity is 1.2-1.5 g/cm3.

Wood ash.
Pine, spruce and birch wood ash contains over 40% calcium salts, over 20% potassium and sodium salts, and up to 10% magnesium salts. Part of the ash (10 - 25%) is soluble in water (mainly alkali - potash K2CO3 and soda Na2CO3).
The specific gravity is 0.5 g/cm3.

The ratio in buckets (by volume) will be different. Bucket - 10l or 10 dm3.

Accordingly in the bucket:

Slaked lime ~ 25kg.
Limestone flour ~ 16-18 kg. The action is relatively slow.
Dolomite flour ~ 12-15kg. The action is slow.
Wood ash ~ 5kg. The action is very slow.

And the lime application rate is 50-150g/sq.m. If more, then better in autumn. More high recommendations I have not met the rules.
You just need to think about what is offered to you. Count, think and draw conclusions.
To each individually, for himself, so as not to blame anyone for failures later.

Can determine soil acidity"folk" way.

Why take 3-4 sheets black currant or bird cherry and brew in a glass of boiling water, cool, then lower a lump of soil into a glass. If the water becomes reddish, then the soil reaction is acidic, if it is greenish, it is slightly acidic, and if it is bluish, it is neutral.
There is another simple way. Take 2 tablespoons with the top of the soil and pour into a bottle with a narrow neck, pour 5 tablespoons of water into it room temperature. One teaspoon of crushed chalk is wrapped in a small piece of paper (5x5 cm) and pushed into a bottle. They roll up a rubber fingertip and put a bottle on the neck (the fingertip remains in a flattened state). The bottle is wrapped in newspaper so that it does not heat up by hand, and shaken vigorously for 5 minutes! If the soil is acidic, then when interacting with the chalk in the bottle, a chemical reaction will begin with the release of carbon dioxide, the pressure will rise, and the rubber fingertip will fully straighten. If the soil is slightly acidic, then the fingertip will straighten by half, if it is neutral, it will not straighten at all, remaining flattened.

In general, it is better to gypsum the soil rather than lime, that is, instead of lime, potash or wood ash, use gypsum, alabaster, chalk, dolomite, crushed old cement, plaster, including dry, or eggshell. Why?

The point is that lime wood ash are strong alkalis. The calcium included in them is completely and completely soluble in water. Getting into the soil immediately in large quantities, they dramatically change the reaction of the soil - the pH becomes higher than 7, sometimes it increases to 8-10. At the same time, the chemical elements in the soil, in particular phosphorus, enter into chemical compounds that are insoluble in water, and immediately become inaccessible to plants (the suction power of the root hairs is not enough to absorb these elements from chemical compounds). Plants starve and stop growing. Over time, natural acidification of the soil occurs, including acid rain coming near large cities. The soil reacts, the pH drops, and everything returns to normal, but you can lose a whole season this way. That is why it is recommended to apply lime from the fall and not to combine its application with the application of fertilizers.

If the soil is deoxidized with chalk, gypsum and other deoxidizers mentioned above, this does not happen. The fact is that they are insoluble in water and require acid to dissolve them in the soil. If the soil is acidic, the gypsum materials dissolve, which reduces the acidity of the soil, but as soon as the soil reaction during deacidification reaches a pH value of 6, which is most suitable for most plants, the chemical reaction of deoxidation stops and a further increase in pH will not occur. Moreover, the unused part of the deoxidizers will not disappear, but will remain in the soil precisely because they are not soluble in water and, therefore, are not washed out by it into the lower layers.

When natural process acidification of the soil will reduce the pH below 6, they will again enter into chemical reaction reducing the acidity of the soil. Thus, they constantly regulate the acidity of the soil. Since the pH during gypsum cannot become higher than the permissible value, the nutrients, including phosphorus and potassium, remain in a form accessible to plants. IN Northwest region soils are best deoxidized with dolomite flour, which contains not only calcium, but also magnesium, which is included in the group of basic nutrients and is necessary chemical element in chlorophyll. Since it is required much less than nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and, as a rule, it is not included in ready-made fertilizer mixtures, many gardeners underestimate it and do not add it, and in soils, especially sandy ones, it is clearly not enough.

My husband and I do not deoxidize the soil, we do not “sprinkle” anything in the garden and garden, we do not use fertilizers. Fruit trees do not cut. Vegetables are grown only in open ground. And everything is growing, and everything is generally healthy. Often, it is not acidic soil that is to blame for the suffering of plants, but poured "with love" dolomite flour or mineral fertilizers, or frequent plantings when they close berry bushes, and apple trees with pears lean on each other with crowns.

Controlling white rot of cucumber

The diseased parts of the plant are carefully cut off and burned outside the dacha, while the wounds after the cut are powdered with lime or ash;

Ants fight

Ants can be removed by dusting the soil with slaked lime or ash, as well as by pouring boiling water over their nests.

Slug fight

You can fight slugs in cucumbers by pollinating the soil with ash, slaked lime, constantly digging up the soil;

Categories

Popular