How to get rid of a plug in the heating system. How to correctly bleed air from a heating radiator? Influence of air on the heating system

The problem of air pockets in heating systems is as old as the world, and it is often impossible to avoid it even when using ultra-tight plastic pipes, and thoroughly verified engineering projects. Especially acute trouble makes itself felt at the beginning heating season, and many residents of the upper floors know about it firsthand, to which heat may not reach at all, or reach, but not in full. Sometimes it happens that in some apartments the lower part of the battery heats up to the desired temperature, while the upper part remains cold. All this, as a rule, is a consequence of the appearance of excess air in the pipes, which occupies working space, but does not have sufficient thermal conductivity to provide heating. How to kick out air lock from the heating system, and how to find its location - we'll figure it out right now.

Why does air appear in the heating system?

First of all, it is necessary to understand how air congestion can generally appear in a seemingly completely sealed and closed heating system. There may be several reasons for this phenomenon:

violation of the integrity of the pipeline during repair work(for example, when installing / dismantling heating radiators, replacing old pipes with new ones, etc.);
errors made during the design and installation of the heating system (in particular, failure to comply with the slope of the mains, on which the stability of the entire system directly depends);
too low pressure in the pipeline (due to the fact that water does not fill the entire working space, the vacated space is immediately occupied by air);
non-compliance with the rules when filling the heating system seasonally (if at the beginning of the heating season the pipes are quickly filled with warm, and even more so - hot water, the occurrence of air jams is inevitable);
too fast heating of water (a sharp increase in temperature in the pipeline leads to the release of excess air, which rises and fills all the voids);
poor sealing of the pipeline (the presence of even a small leak leads to harmful air entering the system);
faulty air intake devices;
connection to the heating of a “warm floor”, which very often causes an imbalance in the entire system.

We figured out the main causes of air traffic jams, and it's time to find out what methods of dealing with them exist in modern practice.

Ways to remove air pockets

Despite the great variety possible causes problems (described above), it is necessary to approach its solution based on what type of coolant circulation takes place in this particular heating system: natural or forced.

Types of air vents and their installation locations

Most The best way combating air congestion - installing air vents on different areas heating system. These devices are manual and automatic.

I note that if you have a heating system warm walls or underfloor heating, air vents are installed in the heating collectors.

Manual air vents, which are also often called Mayevsky taps, are advisable to use to eliminate local air jams. They are installed, as a rule, on the end part of heating radiators. Excess air can be discharged using the Mayevsky faucet either manually or using tools such as a screwdriver and adjustable wrench (depending on which type of faucet is in place). This type of air vent has proven itself for many decades, and is still used in apartments in multi-storey buildings.

Why is it necessary to install a special air vent in the solar system?

Determination of the place of formation of the cork and its removal

How to expel air from the heating system, not knowing where exactly the air plug "settled"? In practice, although this is possible, it is difficult to do, and it is much easier to first determine the location of the accumulated air in the pipeline, and only then eliminate it using available methods.

The following factors may indicate the presence of excess oxygen in the pipes:

insufficient or uneven heating of radiators;
extraneous sounds from pipes (gurgling, whistling, water noise, etc.).

If the plug is in the radiator, it can be easily "tapped" with a hammer or any other tool. The sound in the place of its occurrence will be more sonorous and "empty" in comparison with areas filled with water. Of course, this method is applicable only to heating systems made of metal pipes and cast iron radiators. In this case, you need to slightly open the Mayevsky tap in the upper part of the battery, after substituting an empty container under it. Air will gradually leave the system, and after water flows from the tap, it must be closed.

An airlock is excess air that occupies pipe diameter or most of it.

As a result of the air barrier heat stops flowing along the circuit further.

There are several ways to get rid of the air lock in the heating system.

Where does the airlock come from

How is formed

With an illiterate coolant bay (for example, from the top point), turbulence is formed: water goes down and air goes up. In the process of movement, the liquid displaces air, if there are suitable irregularities of the inner surface, it stops in them. Gradually, the volume of trapped air increases.

Why is it important to get rid of

Not even a large number of air in the system is highly undesirable, although a plus can be found here: the appearance of a plug - alarm in the system. But there are many more troubles:

weak warming up radiators or lack thereof;
noises, vibrations- create tangible discomfort;
the combination of air and hot coolant leads to unwanted chemical processes, which leads to additional layers on internal surfaces;
part of the chemical processes entails increase in acidity within the system, which creates conditions for corrosion;
if a circulation pump operates in the system, then its work can go idle, this will lead to damage.

How to determine the place where air appeared

The easiest way to detect a blockage is to hearing. You need to carefully tap the battery - the empty space will respond louder.

Preliminarily you can find suspicious places according to the degree of heating: where the coolant does not pass, there will be areas with low temperature

Both ways do not differ in accuracy. The coolant may not pass due to a blockage of dirt and rust. This problem is solved by flushing.

How to bleed air in an apartment building

Air release can be done in the following ways.

Bypassing the riser to discharge

Performed housing and communal services employees. For air release, devices are installed on the upper floors.

If you can’t use them (the apartment is closed, no one is at home), you can bypass from the basement - for a two-pipe system.

On the risers should be provided dumps. They are located after the valves. If available, stock up on a ball valve with a diameter like that of a plug.

Risers overlap(valves).
On one of them very slowly and carefully the plug is unscrewed. No more than 1-2 turns, so as to feel the pressure of the water. Before turning further, you must wait until the pressure subsides.
Screwed in place of the plug ball valve with seal.
Relief installed opens completely then water is supplied to the second.

For a successful result, you need to see in advance how the wiring diagram of the heating plant at home is made.

It is optimal if the radiators are located along the circuit on the supply stand, then installing a second one with a reset valve on the return line will solve the problem: there will be no air. When heaters are distributed over two risers, there is no guarantee of a 100% result.

If the problem is not solved, the same actions are performed in the opposite direction. To do this, the ball valve is moved to the second riser.

Important! Screw valves do not tolerate the direction of water flow that does not correspond to the arrows on the body. If so, then you have to dump the whole system.

The usual scheme for organizing heating - lower. Pipelines, direct and return, are located in the basement. The connection between them is carried out through a jumper, on the top floor.

How to drive a traffic jam with a Mayevsky crane

Device cylindrical shape small size. It is installed on the radiator from above, if there is a place for this in a niche. In one-story houses they are equipped with all radiators.

Photo 1. Mayevsky crane for airing radiators model 1/2 SL No. 430 sealing ring, manufacturer - "SL".

If the system is vertical, then the device is installed on the last floor to free the entire riser from air at once.

Additionally, the Mayevsky crane is installed on heating appliances located below the common lower point of connection to the riser. Sometimes - on heated towel rail In bathroom. It is placed vertically through a tee, which allows you to change the location of the axis of the device.

The Mayevsky crane is very easy to operate: the valve opens to release air, then closes. If this does not solve the problem of heating the radiator, then it will have to be cleaned.

Before air release the circulation pump is switched off if the water flow is forced.
Anything close to the radiator move away.
Placed under the valve basin or bucket.
Screwdriver or wrench begin to turn until a hissing sound appears.
When the water appeared, the faucet close.

Remove with a conventional valve

The valves must be in the highest points of the contour. The air is released according to the same algorithm as with the Mayevsky crane.

Expel through the stub

This method is used if nothing is specifically set.

To use the stub, you need:

Important! All manipulations are done slowly, without sudden movements.

Removal in a house with an autonomous heating system

The generation of the gaseous form of the coolant begins when it enters the pipes. The process is enhanced by heating, air is collected under the "ceiling" of the circuit.

Therefore, the heat source always turns on only after the circuit has been filled and excess air has been bled off.

Gas removal invariably entails pressure drop and decrease in the amount of coolant- in the process, you need to control the pressure and make-up supply.

Raise pressure and temperature

Pressure reduces the rate of evolution of gas from a liquid (at constant temperature).

AT vertical system goes upward movement of air but it can move down with water, "hang" in the stream.

Reference! In horizontal sections of the circuit, in pipes with a slope, the gas occupies top position. At high speed water air breaks up and proceeds to move along unpredictable trajectories. Therefore, filling the system should be slow.

By manipulating the pressure, you can debug the operation of the system. Normal natural pressure - 1 bar. When the circuit is filled, the pressure begins to rise.

If heat is added to this, the coolant expands, which leads to an increase in pressure. Air begins to separate from water more active.

If the system is properly designed, after filling it with coolant, air will begin to be removed through a system of automatic valves or it is removed manually.

The drop in pressure indicates coolant leak, promotion - oh air lock(it acts like a constriction in a pipeline).

Given the peculiarities of the interaction of air and water, they can be used to combat air congestion. If the location of the accumulation of air cannot be determined, a brief rise in temperature and pressure will cause the air in the system to redistribute. The plug will either move to a place where it can be removed, or the air will escape through the automatic valves.

If it enters a closed type natural circulation system

The organization of heating of this type involves the removal of air through an expansion tank installed in the highest position.

Then the boiler turns on, the radiators should start to heat up. If necessary, the process is repeated. When the slopes of the pipeline are observed, the air comes out by itself. If it doesn’t work out, the coolant can be heated, then the air will come out more actively.

With forced circulation

For blowing out the system with forced circulation need two people. The second makes sure that the pressure does not drop below 1 bar(pressure is pumped by a pressure test pump or through make-up from the water supply).

Important! Initially, the coolant must be cold, Heating is switched on when the entire heating pipe is full.

At the end of the procedure, the pressure must not exceed 2 bar. The underfloor heating system is filled last.

If there are several branches, they are filled in turn, the air exits through the manifold valves. The filled branch closes, warming up begins after the entire system is filled.

To simplify the process of squeezing air out of the system, care should be taken to have:

Mayevsky cranes on radiators, if the heating main goes below the batteries;
automatic valves, when the pipes go up.

This is difficult process which takes quite a lot of time. However, you should not rush during the work - haste, inattention can lead to the appearance wandering airlock. It will take a lot more effort to fix this problem.

Air separator

Sophisticated and efficient device designed for autonomous systems, especially extensive length.

Photo 2. Air separator model ZUVL 20 for vertical pipeline, manufacturer - IMI Pneumatex.

Takes air from the water and automatically removes it. From above there is air outlet. Double-acting separators are produced - to trap air and impurities. In this case, the device is equipped with a valve to remove accumulated impurities and particles.

Inside the device is a mesh that provokes turbulence and the appearance of air bubbles.

Useful video

Check out the video, which tells how to get rid of the air lock in the heating system.

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In this article I am going to talk about how to remove air from the heating system. Since the heating circuit can have various configurations and be responsible for heating an apartment or private house, the reader and I will have to get acquainted with several solutions of varying complexity.

Why is it needed

Apartment house

I'll start from afar.

In order for the batteries to be heated on all floors and in all apartments, they must circulate continuously.

As a rule, ordinary water plays this role in an apartment building.

The pressure drop between the heating mains (supply and return) in normal mode is at least 2 kgf/cm2. However hot water from the supply enters the heating circuit not directly from the heating main, but after mixing with water from the return. A water-jet elevator is responsible for preparing the mixture - a cast-iron or steel tee with a nozzle placed inside.

The water jet elevator is the heart of the home heating system.

Recirculation of a part of the coolant provides top speed its movement in the circuit and the minimum temperature spread between the first and last heaters in the direction of water movement.

The pressure difference between the mixture entering the batteries and the return is much less than between the heating mains: it is only 0.2 kgf / cm2, which corresponds to a water column head of two meters. Air in the heating system simply will not allow water to circulate: such a small difference will not be able to squeeze the air plug down due to the significant difference in density between air and water.

To remove the air lock, the hydraulic pressure in meters must exceed the height of the circuit (in an apartment building - the height of the risers from filling).

Autonomous circuit

An autonomous heating system with forced circulation of the coolant has a different picture. In most cases, the pressure created by the circulation pump exceeds the height of the circuit, and it may well work even if there is air in the pipes.

Heating scheme two-story house. The maximum height difference is about 4 meters.

However, when air bubbles move in pipes and radiators, hydraulic noise will inevitably occur. It is unlikely that the owner will be pleased with the gurgling sounds continuously coming from the battery.

In addition, air contributes to the corrosion of the steel elements of the circuit - black steel pipes, steel panel radiators and cores. bimetallic batteries. In the absence of oxygen, contact with water does not lead to rust..

Where does air come from

Here are the main reasons for the formation of an air lock:

Replacement heating appliances in apartments. It is carried out mainly in the summer, outside the heating season. After pressure testing, the riser is simply filled with water, and the air bleed from it is safely left for the fall;

Revision of shut-off valves on risers. It is associated with the need for complete drainage of the heating circuit;
Revision of shut-off valves in the elevator unit. And in this case, the heating circuit is completely reset;
Water leaks through threaded connections with broken tightness, intersectional connections of radiators, valve seals, fistulas in pipes, etc. With closed and serviceable gate valves in the elevator, they lead to a gradual pressure drop in the circuit. It is worth opening a flusher or a Mayevsky tap on one of the upper floors - and the vacuum that has arisen in the upper part of the circuit will suck in air.

Scenario 1: apartment building, bottom filling

Bottom filling scheme - the most typical for houses modern building decision. Both return and supply pipelines are located in the basement. The risers connected to the bottling are connected in pairs (supply with return) by a jumper on the top floor or in the attic.

Solution 1: run the elevator to reset

Removal of air from the heating system is carried out by housing and communal services workers at the stage of launching a fully or partially discharged circuit.

To do this, it is bypassed to reset:

One of the house valves opens, the second remains closed;
In front of the closed valve on the side of the heating circuit, a vent connected to the sewer opens.

The release of most of the air is evidenced by a uniform, without air bubbles, water flow in the discharge.

Solution 2: air vents

At the top point of each pair of risers (in the radiator plug or on the jumper brought under the ceiling) in bottom filling systems, an air vent is always mounted. This is not necessarily a Mayevsky crane designed specifically for bleeding air: it can be successfully replaced ball valve, screw valve or faucet installed with spout facing up.

The air outlet from the riser looks like this:

Open the valve slightly (no more than one turn). You should hear the hiss of escaping air;
Substitute any wide dishes under it. A basin or bucket will save you from having to wipe a puddle on the floor;
Wait until the air is replaced by water;
Close the faucet. The riser should heat up within 5-10 minutes. If this does not happen, bleed the air again: it is possible that the circulation that has begun has expelled new air bubbles to the upper point of the circuit section.

A few important points:

Never unscrew the screw in the Mayevsky crane completely. With a pressure of 5-6 atmospheres and boiling water whipping from the hole, you don’t have the slightest chance to screw it back in. The consequence of rash actions will be the flooding of your apartment and apartments under you with hot and dirty water;
Do not unscrew the air vent itself under pressure. Even half a turn: you don't know what condition its thread is in. If the drain valve for heating is faulty, before repairing or replacing it, it is necessary to shut off both paired risers and make sure that the valves on them hold water;

If you live on the top floor, make sure you have something to open the air vent before the heating season starts. Modern taps Mayevsky are opened with their own hands or with a screwdriver, but in the houses of an old building, a special key may be needed;

It is easy to make it by picking up a steel bar of the appropriate diameter and making a cut on its end.

Solution 3: bypassing the riser to discharge

The main problem of air vents on the lower bottling is that they are located in the apartment of the upper floor. What to do if its tenants are chronically absent from home?

Paired risers can be tried to bypass from the basement.

For this:

We examine the stands. After the valves, vents or plugs can be installed on them. In the first case, there are no expenses, in the second, you need to purchase a ball valve with male-female threads of the same size as the plugs;

We close the valves on both risers;
We unscrew the plug on one of them;

After unscrewing it one or two turns, wait until the pressure of the water hitting the thread drops. So you make sure that the valves on the risers are working.

We screw in a ball valve instead of a plug, after rewinding the thread;
Fully open the installed reset;
Open the valve on the second riser. After the pressure of water will expel all the air, close the vent and open the second riser.

There are subtleties here:

If all radiators are located on the supply riser, and the return riser is idle (without heaters), put the vent on the return line. In this case, all the air will come out guaranteed. If there are batteries on both paired risers, the resulting air lock can not always be driven out;

If you failed to bypass the risers in one direction, move the bleeder to the second riser and overtake the water on the opposite side;
If screw valves are installed on the risers, avoid the flow of water through them in the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow on the body. Attempting to open the valve with pressure pressed against the seat by the valve is fraught with the risk of the valve being separated from the stem. To fix the problem, it is often necessary to reset the entire heating system at home.

Scenario 2: apartment building, top filling

What is a top-bottling house?

Here are its signs:

The supply filling is located in the technical attic, the return filling is in the basement or underground;
Each riser is a jumper between them and is turned off in two places - from below and from above;
The feed bottling is laid with a slight slope;
At the top point of the supply filling is located expansion tank with a dumper. Often, the discharge is led through all floors to the basement, to the elevator unit or as close as possible to it.

Where are the air vents located in the top filling heating system?

The function of the air vents is performed by the same bleeder on the expansion tank. The output of the discharge to the basement simplifies the start of heating at the beginning of the season, but even without it, it is not difficult.

Solution 4: Expansion tank bleeder

Here is the instruction for bringing the top filling system into working condition:

Slowly (to avoid water hammer) fill the heating system by slightly opening the house valve (between the elevator unit and the heating circuit) on the supply or return;
When the heating system is full, fully open the second valve;

After 5-10 minutes, open the vent on the expansion tank and wait until water comes out of it instead of air.

Scenario 3: open heating system of a single-family house

An open system operates at a pressure corresponding to the height of the water column between the lower and upper points of the circuit.

The filling is laid with a constant slope, and an open expansion tank is mounted at its upper point.

It combines several functions at once:

The expansion tank itself, which compensates for the increase in the volume of the coolant during heating;
A safety valve that relieves excess pressure when the coolant boils in the boiler heat exchanger;
Airman. All air is displaced to the upper part of the circuit, into the expansion tank and further into the atmosphere.

Obviously, such a scheme needs additional air vents like an umbrella for a fish. However, they can be equipped with separate heating radiators installed above the filling: Mayevsky taps will allow you to remove air from the radiator and force water to circulate through both of its collectors.

Scenario 4: closed heating system of a single-family house

In a circuit with forced circulation, operating at excess pressure, an automatic air vent is usually mounted. It is part of the boiler safety group and is installed at the outlet of its heat exchanger.

Some boilers are equipped with their own safety group located inside the body.

In the photo - a boiler, in the body of which a safety group and an expansion tank are mounted.

All heaters located above the fillings are additionally equipped with their own automatic air vents or Mayevsky taps.

An air vent is absolutely necessary only when the radiator is connected sideways or diagonally. Double-sided bottom connection allows operation of an air battery. Air is displaced into the upper collector, water circulates through the lower one, the sections are heated over the entire height due to the thermal conductivity of the metal.

A special case

Along with the air vent in closed autonomous systems, another device is used - an air separator for heating. Its function is to remove small air bubbles that saturate the coolant and promote corrosion. steel pipes, erosion impeller circulation pump and boiler heat exchanger.

The removal of air from the air chamber of the separator is carried out by our old friend - an automatic air vent.

Per fee air bubbles may answer:

The so-called PALLs are rings;

Grids from of stainless steel or copper.

The price of the most affordable separators for the diameter of the connected pipeline of 20 mm starts from about 2000 rubles, and the benefits they bring are rather doubtful. In my opinion, in an autonomous heating system, it is quite possible to do without these devices.

Flamcovent separator for 1" pipeline. Retail price - 5550 rubles.

Conclusion

So, we have successfully studied the causes of air jams and ways to remove air from the heating system. Normally, Additional information the reader will find in the video in this article. I look forward to your comments. Good luck, comrades!

Due to the accumulation of oxygen and carbon dioxide, air pockets appear in heating systems. Most often this problem occurs after long downtime, for example, after summer season before its first start, after repair or replacement of any parts. Therefore, in order for the heating of the room to be complete and not cause discomfort, you need to know how to remove air from the heating system in a private house.

This is how airing the system on a thermal imager looks like

Causes and consequences

Air pockets are caused by the following factors:

During installation, errors were made, including incorrectly made kink points or incorrectly calculated slope and direction of pipes.
Too fast filling of the system with coolant.
Incorrect installation of air vent valves or their absence.
Insufficient amount of coolant in the network.
Loose connections of pipes with radiators and other parts, due to which air enters from the outside into the system.
The first start-up and excessive heating of the coolant, from which, under the influence high temperature more oxygen is removed.

Air can cause the greatest harm to systems with forced circulation. During normal operation, the bearings of the circulation pump are in the water at all times. When air passes through them, they lose lubrication, which leads to damage to the sliding rings due to friction and heat, or completely disables the shaft.

Water contains dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, magnesium and calcium, which, when the temperature rises, begin to decompose and settle on the pipe walls in the form limescale. Places of pipes and radiators filled with air are most susceptible to corrosion.

Signs by which you can determine if there are air pockets in pipes and radiators

Due to the air in the heating system, the batteries heat up unevenly. When checking by touch top part, compared to the lower one, has a noticeably lower temperature. The voids do not allow them to warm up properly, therefore the room is heated worse. Due to the presence of air in the heating system, when the water is very hot, noise appears in the pipes and radiators, similar to clicks and water flow.

You can determine the place where the air is located by ordinary tapping. Where there is no coolant, the sound will be more sonorous.

Note! Before removing air from the network, you should find the cause of its appearance and eliminate it.

Especially carefully check the network for leaks. When heating is started, it is extremely difficult to identify loose connections, since water evaporates quickly on a hot surface.

Air removal methods

There are heating systems with forced and natural circulation coolant. In the first case, the liquid flows with the help of a circulation pump, and in the second, due to a certain slope of the pipes and the pressure in them.

Natural circulation systems

An expansion tank is used to remove air from this type of system. It is installed at its highest point. Most of the air is independently discharged through it when the coolant is heated. If air jams still remain, then many experts recommend increasing the amount of fluid in the system by opening the air vents. Thus, the coolant itself will displace air from the network by movement and pressure.

Forced circulation systems

In systems with a circulating pump, pipes and radiators are located evenly and without slope. Air vents are used to remove air from them. They are always mounted at the bends and at its highest points, since it is there that the accumulation of gases occurs.

Note! If it is not possible to expel air from the system with the help of air vents, then it is necessary to drain all the coolant and refill it.

It is necessary to fill the coolant into the system slowly, as air bubbles form due to rapid filling. At the same time, it is necessary to remove air from radiators and other elements. The longer the system, the longer it is filled with coolant. If a warm floor is connected to the heating network, then the installation of air vents is mandatory, since pipes are often located on different height. You also need to constantly monitor the amount of coolant in the system to exclude the possibility of air entering it.

Types of air vents

Valves for removal of air jams are automatic and manual. Mayevsky cranes belong to the second type of air vents. They are used not only to remove air, but also to start it in order to drain the coolant from the system.

Mayevsky crane

This device is made of brass, has a simple but reliable design. The main parts of the Mayevsky crane are the body and the screw. All parts of the valve are located as tightly as possible to each other, so that the coolant cannot escape. Open the faucet with special key, screwdriver or by hand.

Before removing air from the heating system, it is necessary to prepare a container for the coolant and tools. Step-by-step instruction removal of air congestion using a Mayevsky crane:

If the heating system is operated by means of a circulation pump, then it should be switched off for the time of air discharge.
With a key, screwdriver or hand, the valve is turned 1 turn counterclockwise. Immediately, a hiss of air coming out of the radiator will be heard.
As soon as the coolant began to flow out, it means that the air plug is removed, the Mayevsky tap is closed back.

Automatic air vent VALTEC VT.502

This device independently removes air from the heating system. Mounted either vertically or horizontally. Consisting of brass body, float, exhaust valve and articulated arm. To prevent the coolant from flowing through it, the air vent is equipped with a protective cap.

Note! Automatic devices sensitive to impurities contained in water. For their long-term operation, cleaning filters are additionally installed in the heating system.

The principle of operation is as follows: if there is no air in the chamber, then the exhaust valve is closed. As it enters the float goes down. As soon as the chamber is completely filled, the outlet valve opens and the air is expelled to the outside. The float then closes the outlet valve again.

Air separator

This device consists of a metal case, an air vent, a drain cock and a tube with a mesh. Unlike conventional air vents, the separator itself takes air out of the water. Passing through the grid, the coolant swirls, due to which air bubbles are formed. As a result, they rise up, and the gases are removed through the air vent. In addition to air, the separator separates sand, rust and other impurities. The sludge is removed through a drain cock located on the outside at the bottom of the housing.

Prevention

To avoid problems with air jams, it is necessary to install air vents for each group heating elements. So, for example, to remove air from the boiler, an automatic valve for venting gases is mounted directly on it. All collectors are also equipped with them. Mayevsky cranes are installed on the radiators from the end.

If, after venting the air, the radiators still do not heat up well, the coolant should be completely drained. Since it is possible that there is too much dirt in the network, and it significantly reduces the circulation of fluid in the batteries.

At the beginning of the heating season, the owners of private houses and residents of the upper floors of city high-rise buildings are forced to solve the difficult question of how to expel air from the heating system. Because the problem of airing disrupts the circulation of the coolant and reduces its productivity. This fact leads to low-quality heating of housing, excessive fuel consumption, and sometimes to defrosting of the system.

Reasons for the formation of air congestion

Getting rid of air in the system

Why does air appear inside a sealed heating system? This may happen due to:

Non-compliance with the norm of the direction of the slope and places of inflections main pipelines during installation work.
Improper filling of the entire system with water.
Loose connections of various constituent parts and elements that contribute to the suction of air from the external environment.
Incorrect operation of air vents or their absence.
Carrying out repair work to replace risers, locking mechanisms, heating devices, as a result of which air enters the heating system
Using fresh water to top up the system, Cold water contains a large amount of dissolved oxygen. As the temperature rises, its concentration in water decreases significantly. The air from the coolant is released in small bubbles, which rise and are collected by an air plug at the extreme upper points of the heating system and radiators.

What causes the presence of air in the heating system

Air locks in radiators lead to uneven heating of battery surfaces. The upper cold part of the radiators with a warm lower zone indicates that they are not completely filled with coolant. Therefore, heating radiators do not give off enough heat to the internal volume of the room.

When the coolant moves in the heating system, the formed air vents contribute to the vibration of the pipes and the occurrence of specific unpleasant sound effects in radiators in the form of noise, cod or gurgling.

The air in its composition has oxygen and carbon dioxide, which contribute to the decomposition of magnesium and calcium bicarbonates dissolved in water, as well as the formation of carbon dioxide. As a result of the action of elevated temperatures, hydrocarbonate compounds are converted into calcareous stone plaque, and carbon dioxide leads after some time to corrosion of the metal.

The presence of air in the heating system causes a violation in the operation of the main circulation pump. During normal operation of the system, the plain bearings on the pump shaft are constantly in aquatic environment. When air pockets form, they are subjected to the effect of “dry friction”, and the heat released during their operation can damage the sliding rings or disable the shaft.

Therefore, after the summer season, when starting the pump, it is imperative to bleed the air from the heating system.

Types of air vents and their installation locations

To bleed air from the heating system, there are several types of special valves in the form of manual or automatic air vents. Let's consider each of them in more detail.

Mayevsky crane

According to state system standardization, Mayevsky's manual taps are called needle radiator air valves. They are made of brass, have a reliable and simple design, and are used to vent the heating system.

Today's market offers several types of these taps, which allows each homeowner to choose the most suitable for their heating system. convenient option. The traditional classic design of this air valve has two main parts:

Frame.
Conical screw.

Mayevsky crane

Thanks to the calibration, all valve elements are tightly located relative to each other, which ensures reliable retention of the coolant. The air from the radiator is bled through a hole in the side area of the case. Depending on the design, the Mayevsky crane opens:

hand;
screwdriver;
special ICMA key.

The launch of the heating system after its installation provides for its mandatory deaeration.

How to remove air with a Mayevsky manual tap

Before carrying out work to remove air, you need to prepare the appropriate tools, a rag and a container to collect water so as not to flood the floor.

If a circulation system is built into an autonomous heating system forced pump, it must be turned off for the duration of the air bleeding procedure.
Then, one turn, very slowly with a screwdriver, you need to turn the tap counterclockwise. Air will hiss out of the radiator.
The faucet can be tightly closed after the air stops coming out, and water starts to flow out of the hole.

Automatic air vent

Automatic air vent device

The automatic air vent is a float-valve type device that independently bleeds air from the heating system.. Its design is presented:

brass body;
float;
articulated arm;
outlet valve.

At the same time, to prevent water leakage, automatic air vents are equipped with screw locking caps. To prevent external contamination, the outlet valve is equipped with a spring-loaded protective cap.

The automatic air vent system works in this way. In the absence of air, its float keeps the exhaust valve closed. As air accumulates in the float chamber, the float lowers, which opens the exhaust valve. After the air leaves the chamber, the float rises again under the action of the lever and closes the outlet valve.

Air separator

Air separators are installed in large autonomous heating systems. The principle of their work is the selection of air from the water with its subsequent conversion into bubbles and further removal.

Air separators are often produced in the same housing as sludge separators. Such a tandem allows you to save space and additionally capture impurities:

mud;
sand;
rust.

Air separators consist of a metal cylinder equipped with an air vent at the top and a valve at the bottom through which the sludge is discharged. Inside the cylinder there is a special tube in which soldered metal grid. Water from the heating system passes through this grid. It is the grid that creates vortex flows of the coolant, which contribute to the braking and lifting of small air bubbles up. Thus, the separated air exits through the air chamber. The resulting dirt particles can be removed through the bottom drain cock.

Multistage system

System with air removal devices

To avoid air lock problems, already at the design stage autonomous system heating, it is necessary to provide one very important point. It is based on a multi-stage air exhaust system from each group of heating devices separately. At the same time, for them it is necessary to use specific types of air vents in several installation locations. For example:

To bleed air from the boiler heat exchanger, an automatic air vent is installed directly on the boiler.
For each collector, a local air outlet is installed.
Each radiator is equipped with its own Mayevsky manual crane.
For risers, special air vents must be used, which must be planned for installation at the highest points.

Conclusion

The functioning of the heating system of any house directly depends on correct execution installation work and maintenance of operating conditions. An important factor in this case is the absence of air in the heating system.

Usage necessary equipment to reset it, allows you to create comfortable conditions indoors and trouble-free operation of the heating system.

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