Do-it-yourself water well construction scheme. We make a head for the well with our own hands. Installation of pumping equipment

At present, for example, the cost of plastic heads manufactured by Aquarobot is in the range of 2500–3000 rubles, and the cost of cast iron heads is 4500–5000 rubles. Based on the price, it can be assumed that for deep wells located on the territory of cottages with powerful expensive imported pumps, this is not a very high price. For shallow wells on the garden plot perhaps it makes sense to make a headband with your own hands.

Making a headband with your own hands

The following materials are needed to make the headband:

• 2 steel sheet 10 mm thick for flange and cover;
• stainless steel eye bolts (3 pieces);
• stainless steel bolts (8 pieces);
• a piece of rubber with a thickness of 3 to 10 mm.

Tools and equipment:

• apparatus for welding;
• drill for drilling;
• Bulgarian;
• clamps.

Header manufacturing steps:

1. Cut a hole in the blank for the flange with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the casing.
2. Put the flange on the blank for the cover and squeeze them with clamps.
3. Mark locations for eight mounting bolts.
4. Drill through holes for mounting bolts.
5. Drill a hole in the cover for the cable.
6. Cut a hole in the lid for the fitting for the water pipe.
7. Weld fittings for the water pipe and cable to the cover.
8. One eyebolt to be welded to inside covers and 2 eye bolts to be welded to outside covers.
9. Cut out rubber sealing ring.

Header installation

Header is installed as follows:

1. Cut off the tubing. Align the cut point, clean and coat with an anti-corrosion compound.
2. Connect the pump according to the instructions. Connect a pipe to it electrical cable and rope. For ease of installation, connect them with clamps after 1 m.
3. Pass the pipe and electric cable through the corresponding holes in the head cover. Attach the rope to a carabiner mounted on the bottom eyebolt of the cover.
4. Install a flange on the casing pipe and sealing gasket(ring).
5. Lower the pump into the well.
6. Place a head cover on top of the structure.
7. Install the bolts in the holes of the cover and flange and tighten them. Tighten the bolts evenly to avoid tilting the cover.
8. Pull up the cable and clamp it with the cable gland.
9. Secure the water pipe with a collet connector.

In the future, when - be sure to check the head. This is very important element water supply systems.

Borehole and well are considered one of the most widely used supply options. country house water for commercial and domestic purposes. Having figured out how to equip the well and, if desired, do everything with your own hands, the owner of the site will be able to use clean water in any season.

Selection of the necessary equipment for well construction

Before you equip a well for water, you will need to use some special devices. They certainly include such elements of the system:

• pump;
• caisson;
• hydraulic accumulator;
• well cap.

Therefore, before starting the well construction process, it is necessary to select suitable items designs. Follow our advice and if you really want to save money, then do not get carried away very much. It is better buy reliable equipment and save yourself from unnecessary worries and further costs for its repair.

One of the main elements for the construction of a water well is a caisson. It looks like a waterproof container that resembles a barrel. The caisson is necessary so that the water in the system does not freeze and is not polluted. If desired, in this sealed container you can install different additional elements , namely:

• cleaning filters;
• automation systems;
• pressure switch;
• manometers;
• membrane tank and so on.

It's quite practical and convenient option, which will relieve you of the need to install these units and appliances in the house. As a rule, caissons are equipped with a neck with a hermetically sealed lid. In most cases, caissons with a height of 250 cm and a diameter of one meter are used.

In order for a water well to properly perform all the duties assigned to it for many years, it is necessary to choose a good submersible pump. To do this, you need to perform a small calculation, after which you will find out optimal parameters products, taking into account the diameter and depth of the future water well. Highly it is important to consider the maximum use of water for all connected points. In order for the water supply system to be high level, operating pressure should be in the range of 2-3.5 atm.

An integral attribute of a well for water will also be a hydraulic accumulator. Its main purpose is to smoothly change and maintain normal water pressure in the system. All in production today devices have the same set of characteristics and functions, differing only in how much water they can hold. You can purchase a hydraulic accumulator with a volume of 20 to 1500 liters.

The cap protects your well from various kinds debris and melt water. In addition, this design simplifies some of the operations that are associated with the operation of the technical well, especially in the suspension of the pump.

Before starting work, you need to prepare the following:

• bayonet and shovel;
• a complete installation or drill;
• several buckets;
• twine;
• rope ladder;
• pick;
• concrete rings;
• pipes;
• tripod;
• plumb;
• all of the above elements for the construction of the well.

Do-it-yourself well construction

Excavation

A well for water can be equipped almost anywhere in your area. But it is advisable to spend a little time and choose the most appropriate place. In this case, the most suitable is the one that is located at the shortest distance from the living quarters. It is imperative to take into account the fact that for the arrangement of the caisson it is necessary to allocate from 4 sq.m. total area.

A small distance from home will make it possible to significantly reduce the volume earthworks and save on consumables. In addition, in this case it will be possible to build a well using a cheaper pump. In the case when a long line is made, the pump will not only need to take water from the well, but also transport it further through the system. This requires the installation of a more powerful and, of course, expensive pump model.

Drilling can be done different ways. Some find it easier to do this with a hand drill, some prefer to use impact method or electric motor mounted on a tripod.

When choosing the type of tool, you need to take into account the characteristics of the soil. With a strong desire, with the help of a hand drill, it will be possible to “overcome” up to 20 m of land. But this is a rather long and laborious work.

Pipeline laying

At the bottom of the well, it is necessary to pour fine gravel (crushed stone) or coarse sand. This will protect the pipeline from silting. Before filling the bottom of the well without fail cleaned with a bailer. It is necessary to pre-prepare the first pipe in order to lower it into the well immediately after drilling is completed. Thus, you will not allow the walls to crumble.

Along the perimeter of the pipe, at a distance of approximately 29 cm from its bottom, holes must be made. Due to them, the pipe will "collect" a larger volume of water.

At the end it is necessary to establish a filter mesh. If possible, buy anti-corrosion pipes.

Due to the fact that it is best to lay pipes 220-260 cm long for the construction of a well, most often one elbow is not enough. Longer pipes are not so easy to maintain and install. Together pipes are fastened by "screwing" along the thread. The first pipe must be lowered so that it rests on the bottom of the pit. After installing the pipes, you can begin the device of the caisson and the installation of the pump.

Installation of the caisson

During the arrangement of a water well with your own hands, you will need to take several steps step by step. First, you need to make a hole for the caisson near the well, approximately two meters deep. The diameter will depend on the diameter of the container. As a rule, the width of the pit is chosen to be approximately 180 cm. You must have a pit with a protruding casing pipe in the middle. If the pit is filled with groundwater, then dig an extra hole, due to which their timely pumping out will be possible.

In the bottom of the caisson, make a hole according to the size of the casing. Lower the caisson into the pit, placing it in the center of the well bore.

Cut the casing pipe and weld it to the bottom of the tank using electric welding. Connect the water outlet pipe and the pump electrical wire to the resulting structure. Fill the container with earth in such a way that only the entrance cover is above the surface of the earth.

Submersible pump installation

Installation of this element will not require any special skills from you and will not cause any difficulties. Most importantly, you need to take into account such nuances.

Then, when the pump is delivered, you can move on to attaching the head. Due to it, the mouth of the well will be protected from various pollution.

Head mounting

Header will be able to provide:

• protection from groundwater and foreign debris;
• protection of the well from melt water and floods;
• frost protection in winter;
• equipment theft protection;
• make the immersion of the pump the most convenient due to the winch;
• contribute to facilitating the operation of the well;
• make the rope more secure.

The heading consists of several elements, namely:

• rubber ring;
• flange and carabiner;
• protective cover;
• special fasteners.

The inside side of the cover is equipped with one eyebolt, the outer side with two. metal product can withstand a mass of up to 0.5 tons, and plastic - no more than 250 kg.

During the installation of the head, it will be necessary to cut the casing pipe, clean it and treat it with an anti-corrosion solution. Pass the water pipe and pump cable through the head cover. Connect the pump and pipe together. Fasten the free end of the rope to the carabiner. This must be done using the eyebolt on reverse side protective cover. Push the rubber ring and flange onto the casing.

Position the pump in the well and fit the head cover. This can be done quite simply: all you need to do is lift the rubber ring for the cover and the flange and compress all these elements with bolts. On this, the installation of the head is completely finished.

Installation of a hydraulic accumulator

In order for water to be supplied without interruption, it is imperative to install a hydraulic accumulator. Its installation can be done in the basement of the house or directly in the caisson. The system works quite simply:

The tank must be built into the system so that in the future nothing interferes with its replacement or repair. The system implies obligatory installation of a check valve. It is mounted at the place of installation of the tank, in the direction of water movement. After and before the tank, a drain valve is placed. It is advisable to mount the accumulator with rubber seal. Due to this, the vibration will not be so pronounced.

Thus, you have an idea about how to make a water well on your site. You can do the arrangement of the well with your own hands, but even when you decide to use the services of specialists, due to this information, you will be able to competently control them.

The cover on the well is necessary to protect against the ingress of dirt, rainwater and debris into the water intake area, to protect the walls and equipment. First of all, the cover is needed to protect against accidental pranks of children and adolescents, the actions of pets.

Pros and cons of a homemade headband

The simplest home-made well cover is a piece of polyethylene that closes the well from above and is tied with wire or rope to the casing. Summer residents wrap the head with polyethylene at the end holiday season, after the pumps and hoses have been removed. Such a primitive device does not protect well even from bad weather, and with a high degree of probability, the well will have to be flushed before use.

The advantage of this method is its extremely low cost. This is the only plus.

The disadvantages of an impromptu lid include its non-tightness. Correct cap should ensure reliable and tight closure of the head of the casing caisson pipe, completely eliminating the ingress ground water, sand and debris.

Metal heads are welded or firmly drilled to the casing, so accidental pranks and clogging of wells are excluded from mischief.

The tight cover is all the more necessary when carrying out work on the insulation of the water intake for the winter. The device of a pit, backfilling of insulation, conducting underground water communications, all this cannot be imagined without competently organized defense well cleanliness.

Why is the headline important?

A city dweller is often not able to understand how important it is to keep the water source clean. We are used to the fact that clean water appears with the turn of a faucet in the kitchen or in the bathroom. And if there is no water, this is a cause for indignation. In the case of arranging your own water supply, you will not have to be indignant at the clogging of the well and the decrease in debit, that is, the amount of water available for pumping out.

What accidental pollution can threaten a private water intake?

The diameter of the well is only 11-18 cm. It would seem that what can get into such a small hole? Unfortunately, a lot. And the small diameter plays rather a negative role. For clogging, small items are enough. Birds, small animals, sponges, tools, lumps of dirt, all these items can completely block access to water and it is quite difficult to remove them.

In practice, I have come across cases where the cause of clogging was simply large stone, which somehow got into the casing well. The cost of extracting the stone cost the owner of the well tens of thousands of rubles. The cost of the cover can be from 500 rubles for self-production, up to one and a half - two thousand when purchased in a specialized store.

Cleaning up the well is very laborious and takes a lot of time or costs serious money. Therefore, it is better not to skimp on the device or the purchase of the correct closing cover.

The principle of operation of the protective cap

The device of the protective cap is quite simple. Various materials are also used for manufacturing. Steel tips are considered the most reliable, but a plastic tip can be used for plastic casing. The disadvantages of plastic are obvious. This is poor resistance to temperature fluctuations, insufficient strength in frost, cracks will appear on the plastic head fairly quickly and it will cease to perform its function.

The composition of the lid is as follows. This is the cover itself, a clamp made of brass or plastic, eyebolts, plastic or steel entries, a rubber ring, a carabiner, a mounting device, a flange.

The structure is installed with bolts.

The pump hose is immersed through the cover using eyebolts.

To install the head, it is necessary to make an accurate and even cut of the casing pipe. Clamp the cable pump to the cable and outlet pipe. After you lower the pump into the well, you can put on the shelter cover.

It should be noted that most of the large companies that arrange wells include in their services the device of the head. Perhaps, when ordering drilling a well, it should be clarified whether this necessary service is performed.

It is best to use factory-made heads.

The organization of an uninterrupted water supply system is an important and responsible process.

The fastest and most reliable option is drilling and arranging a well for water.

If drilling work can be entrusted to specialized companies, then equip a well for water water pressure equipment you can on your own.

Working equipment for wells

Improvement of the well provides for the development of a water mine and the installation of special installations. For these purposes, modern equipment for a well under water is used:

• caisson;
• pumping unit;
• hydraulic accumulator;
• cap.

The use of the caisson

At the request of the owner of the hydraulic structure, the caisson can be equipped with additional devices:

• filters for water purification;
• membrane-based reservoir;
• pressure gauge;
• operating pressure switch for the pump;
• automated controls.

The caisson is equipped with a strong neck with a reliable fixing lid.

Similar installations are made from various materials, inert to damage, corrosion and destruction: plastic, metal, aluminum alloy.

To equip a well in a country house with your own hands, it is recommended to use cylindrical containers with a diameter of 100 cm, a height of 200 cm. If desired, the installation can be made independently.

Submersible pumping equipment

In order for the finished well in the country to function reliably, it is necessary to choose the right pumping equipment. Choice submersible pump is determined by two parameters - productivity and pressure of the water jet. In addition, it is important to take into account the size of the hydraulic structure, the length of the drains, and the fluid flow at peak load.

For uninterrupted water supply, the pressure in the system should be from 1.4 to 3 atmospheres with a water intake column height of 33 meters.

Hydraulic accumulator

To competently and beautifully equip a water intake point, you will need to install a hydraulic accumulator. It maintains and gradually changes the working water pressure in the equipped hydraulic structure. Also, the tank is designed to store a minimum water supply and protect against water hammer.

Modern hydraulic accumulators are represented by a single design, the differences are in the volume of liquid for which they are designed. For a summer residence and a country house, a hydraulic tank with a capacity of 15 to 55 liters is enough, for cottages, private hotels and boarding houses - from 100 to 950 liters.

headroom

He is protective device having holes for pulling water pipes and power cables, mounting pumping equipment, provides protection of the hydraulic structure from biological and other pollution, as well as precipitation.

Well drilling is carried out with various devices: a hand drill, a rope-impact installation, equipment equipped with an electric motor and a tripod.

The determination of the appropriate diameter and depth of the well is carried out taking into account the type of soil on the site, the characteristics of the aquifer and the pumping equipment used to operate the facility.

Laying water pipes

Fine crushed stone and sand are poured into the bottom of the structure, the thickness of each layer should be at least 12 cm.

To prevent the possible , finished .

It is recommended to make small holes around the entire perimeter of the pipe at a level of 20 cm from the bottom of the structure to increase the water pressure. A mesh filter is installed in the end part of the pipe.

For the arrangement of the mine is used water pipe length from 2 to 2.5 meters and one connecting elbow. The first pipe is installed at the required depth of the well so that the emphasis is on the bottom of the pit. Next, the installation of the next pipe is carried out with fixation to the first element by screwing onto the thread.

Step by step installation of the caisson

The standard well construction scheme provides for the installation of a caisson. All work is performed in the following order:

1. We equip a pit for the tank around the finished hydraulic structure. General dimensions the pit is determined by the dimensions of the caisson: the depth is 200 cm, the width is at least 160 cm. A casing string must pass through the center of the pit. At the surface level of groundwater, it is recommended to deepen the pit by 50 cm to ensure timely pumping of water.
2. We make a hole in the tank, the size of which is equal to the diameter of the casing string. We lower the installation into the pit in the central part of the column.
3. We cut off the column and fix it to the bottom of the caisson tank by welding. To finished construction we carry out the connection of the supply wire of the submersible pump and the water pipe. We fill the container with soil to such a level that the lid is visible on the surface.

Installation of pumping equipment

How to properly equip a well using reliable pump submersible type? The installation process is carried out in compliance with the following rules:

1. The bottom and walls of the hydraulic structure are thoroughly cleaned of debris, the water is pumped until complete removal of foreign impurities.
2. Installation of equipment is carried out so that the distance between the body and the bottom of the structure is at least 100 cm, while the pump is completely in the water.
3. At the same time, a water pipe and a supply pump cable are mounted.
4. At the end, a check-type valve and a starting protection device are installed.
5. The finished system is checked for tightness and performance.
6. To fix the pump on the head structure, a metal alloy cable in a protective braid resistant to corrosion is used.

Protective head mounting

Structurally, the head consists of the following parts:

• carabiner and flange connector;
• dense rubber rings;
• fasteners;
• covers.

You can ennoble the well with a head in the following order:

1. During installation, the column is cut, cleaned and processed protective composition against corrosion and decay.
2. The supply cable of the pump and the water pipe are passed through the inlet cover of the structure.
3. Pumping equipment is joined to the pipe. The hanging end of the cable is fixed to the carabiner with an eye bolt located inside the cover. A flange and a sealing ring are fixed to the column.
4. The pump is immersed to the bottom of the well, a cover is fixed on top of the fixing bolts.

Final installation of the hydraulic tank

Installation of a hydraulic tank in wells and wells provides smooth operation water supply systems for a private house or bath. How to equip a water well equipped with a hydraulic accumulator?

The hydraulic tank is connected to the pumping equipment and provides a constant supply of water. When the tap is opened, the liquid flows from the hydraulic structure to the tank, and then to the consumer.

During installation storage tank installed in parallel check valve for water. Before and after the construction of the tank, a drain valve is mounted. For reliable fixation of the hydraulic tank, it is recommended to use a rubber seal.

Organization of a well without a caisson

Arrangement of a well without a caisson is possible in the case when the structure is not used all year round and seasonally - in summer, spring or autumn. Also, the absence of a caisson is justified if there are separate buildings on the site, in which the equipment necessary for the functioning of the hydraulic structure can be installed.

Do-it-yourself well construction without a caisson with a pit is the most practical and affordable option. In this case, the pit provides reliable protection well casing from the negative impact of the environment.

High-quality water for a summer residence or a country house is one of the main tasks facing the owners. Today, to solve this issue, most often they resort to arranging a well. But if, to filter water from underground, a special strainer, then the upper end for the most part remains unprotected. AT best case a pit or caisson is arranged around it. But to completely secure the well from dust and various pollution neither a pit nor a caisson can. And if even during the spring flood the level of groundwater rises, then about clean water from the well one can only dream. It is possible to deal with such problems. To do this, it is enough to install the head of the well.

The main purpose of installing a well head is to protect its mouth from getting inside foreign objects. But in addition to this, there are a number of important tasks that the head helps to cope with. By installing it, you can easily solve issues such as:

• reliable well sealing;
• increase in well debit;
• protection of the well from dust, dirt, various foreign objects, as well as melt and groundwater;
• reducing the likelihood of internal freezing of the upper part of the well in winter;
• the possibility of hanging the pump and secure wiring;
• protection of equipment and components from theft;
• simplified pipe adapter large diameter to a smaller one.

The well cap handles many different tasks and allows you to solve a number of problems faced by well owners at once. Of course, for the selection and installation of a head for a well, knowledge of the design and installation features will be required.

Types of caps for a well

There are several types of well caps. Them basic design is the same and consists of a flange, a rubber ring and a cover. The differences are in the material from which the head is made, and additional operational options for the head itself.

Well caps are made from the following materials: metal and plastic. With plastic, everything is simple, but the metal head can be steel or cast iron. In any case, the difference between plastic and metal lies in the weight of the suspended equipment. Plastic heads can withstand weight up to 200 kg, and metal ones up to 500 kg. When choosing between a plastic and metal head, one should take into account the depth of the well and the weight of the equipment that will be attached to it. So for wells up to 50 m deep, the weight of the equipment will rarely exceed 50 - 100 kg. But for deep wells, where required powerful pump and several tens of meters of wire and steel cable, the total weight of the equipment can exceed 250 kg.

Concerning additional options headline, then everything is pretty simple. Today, manufacturers are trying to satisfy the needs of the client to the maximum. Therefore, wellheads are equipped with additional holes for the output of the power cable with a spring guard against kinks, eyebolts, carabiners for hanging equipment, collet clamps and secret bolts to protect against burglary.

Perhaps, main feature The one you should pay attention to when choosing is the diameter of the head. This characteristic is fundamental when choosing. Today, casing pipes of wells are selected based on the installation in them deep pumps which are quite large in diameter. Accordingly, the diameter of the head can be from 90 mm to 160 mm.

Important! The price for a cap for a well depends primarily on the diameter and material of the cap. Prices range from 56 USD. up to 115 c.u. for the headline.

It is especially necessary to highlight the marking of the heads for the well. It is in it that the main characteristics are encrypted. Today on the market you can find the heads "Dzhileks", "Aquarius", "Merrill". The following is usually indicated in the name of the heads of these manufacturers: borehole head OS 90-110/25 P or OS 152-40. In any case, the marking will be deciphered as follows:

• OS- borehole head;
• 90 - 110 - diameters of casing pipes for which this head is suitable;
• the last digits 25 , 32 , 40 » - diameters of adapters for water supply pipes;
• letter " P" - means that the head is made of plastic. Absence " P” indicates that the head is made of cast iron or steel.

An example is the "Dzhileks" head - OS 140-160 / 32P or the borehole head "Aquarius" OS 125-32.

Important! It should be noted that some models are universal in terms of casing diameters. For example, the OS 140-160/32P head can be installed on pipes with a diameter of 140 mm to 160 mm.

Installation of the wellhead

Thanks to its device, the installation of the well head is quite simple and does not require welding work. The whole secret lies in clamping the rubber seal ring between the cover and the flange, which is how the water supply system is sealed. But, despite the ease of installation, there are a number of important points to be taken into account during installation. To mount the head, do the following:

1. If necessary, cut the casing pipe. This is done strictly perpendicular to the axis of the pipe itself. We eliminate burrs and make the edges of the pipe smooth. If the pipe is made of metal, then its edges are primed and covered with anti-corrosion paint, after which we let it dry completely.

2. We put a flange on the pipe, and then a rubber o-ring. The ring itself must be put on with some effort. If there are difficulties with putting the ring on the pipe, the edges of the pipe can be lubricated with machine oil or grease.

3. Now we fix the pump cable to the carabiner under the head cover. We attach a hose to it and fix its end to the head cover. Cables should be selected protected from corrosion by plastic. The cable fixing elements should also be stainless steel. Also at this stage, we put the power cable into the inlet in the head cover. We release the clamp on the cable gland so that the cable can move freely in it.

5. Once the pump is down to the required depth and the cable is taut, carefully install the head cover onto the casing. Next, we tighten the rubber ring to the cover and press it from below with a flange. Align the flange and cover so that the bolt holes are opposite each other.

7. Now we insert the clamping bolts into the holes of the cover, bait the nuts and tighten the bolts.

Important! When tightening the bolts, be careful not to overtighten them. This can damage the O-ring and cause leaks. Ideally, a sealed well head looks like this: the ring is compressed by a quarter of its original volume, and the head itself cannot be removed by hand.

8. Finally, we pull the sagging cable out of the well. We stretch it slightly and fix it with a clamp. It remains to connect the water pipes to the adapter and check the build quality.

Despite the fact that today it is not difficult to buy a head for a well, many people prefer to do it themselves. Homemade heads are made of 10 mm steel and, depending on the skills of the master, may not have all the functionality available to factory counterparts.

For a homemade tip, you will need two identical sheets of steel with a thickness of at least 10 mm and an area larger than the area of ​​​​the casing hole, stainless bolts, eyebolts, fittings, a piece of rubber thick. From the tool you will need a drill, a welding machine, a grinder, clamps.

• First, we take sheets of metal and cut a hole in one of them for the casing pipe. The hole itself should be 1 - 2 mm larger than outside diameter pipes. You can do it in two ways.
• First- make markings and drill holes in a circle of the future hole, and then cut them out with a hacksaw.
• Second way- with help welding machine cut a hole. In any case, the edges of the flange will be uneven and will have to be turned. You can also find a company where a flange will be made to order.
• As soon as the flange is ready, we firmly connect it and the cover together. This can be done with two clamps.
• Then, having outlined the places for the holes for the mounting bolts, we drill them through.
• In addition, we make a hole in the cover for cable entry.
• Now we take the cover and carry out similar work as with the flange. But we only make a hole for the diameter of the fittings to which the water supply pipes will be connected.
• Then we weld the fittings to the cover. We also weld one eyebolt from below to the cover, for attaching the cable. And two eyebolts on top for easy lifting of the pump with a winch or crane.
• It remains to insert a rubber adapter with a tightening nut into the inlet.
• Finally, we cut out the o-ring from the rubber. This must be done very carefully.

Installation of a home-made well head is carried out by analogy with the factory one. Special difficulties Or there are no secrets. The main thing after all the work is to check the system and, if any defects are identified, eliminate them.

The simple and practical design of the well head is very useful, and you should not neglect it when arranging the well. Moreover, by installing the head, you can in one fell swoop get rid of a bunch of problems with arranging the adapter, fixing the pump and other things.