How to get rid of excess earthworms? We will learn how to process apple trees from worms in apples. Pro Tips

People ignorant of biology mistakenly believe that nematodes are exclusively worms that settle in the human or animal body. In fact, the classification of helminths of this species is very diverse.

Roundworms, namely, this is how nematodes are characterized by appearance and the construction of the body, occupy the second place in terms of numbers among the multicellular organisms that inhabit the planet (arthropods have firmly settled on the first). Initially, helminths of this species were classified as worms, but this information is no longer relevant, and nematodes have long been a separate biological unit.

Description

But the most famous worms are, of course, those that infect a person and "his smaller brothers." These include roundworm, pinworms, whipworm.

The definition of "nematode" in Greek has two components: nematos is "thread", eidos is "form". Anatomical structure roundworms very primitive.

Mature individuals have about 1 thousand somatic cells that make up the body and several hundred cells that make up the reproductive system.

The gastrointestinal tract passes through the entire body of the nematode - from the oral cavity to the anus, forming, as it were, a tube in a tube, the inner of which ends in front of the tail. In addition to the digestive system, worms have a nervous, reproductive, and excretory organs. They do not have a respiratory or circulatory system. The sizes of helminths have a very large variation within the boundaries of indications. The smallest barely reaches 0.3 mm, and the largest can be more than 8 meters.

The color of nematodes is white or beige. A feature of the structure of nematodes is a developed musculocutaneous sac. The body is covered with a dense elastic cuticle, which can be annular or smooth, covered with epithelium from above.

There are several sub-orders, which include different kinds roundworms:

1. oxyurates. A bright representative is pinworms. The key difference is the thickened area towards the back of the body.
2. Ascaridina. Characteristic features: cylindrical esophagus, three lips are located on the head section of the body. A well-known representative is the ascaris.
3. Spirurates. Esophagus in the body - two, lips - an even number.
4. Strongylates. The difference from other species is the developed tail bursa. Represents this group of hookworm worm.
5. Filariata. Representatives of this suborder are viviparous.
6. Dioctophymates. Males are characterized by a muscular genital bursa.

In addition, some species of nematodes are united in the order Trichocephalida. Outstanding Representatives: whipworm, trichinella.

Habitat

Roundworms can adapt to any ecosystem, so they can be found in fresh and salt water, soil, in the polar regions and in the tropics. Nematodes are ubiquitous. Scientists have found worms in every part of the earth's lithosphere.

Signs and symptoms of infection

The first signs that nematodes have appeared in humans are:

• sensation of itching in the area of ​​the anus and genitals;
• nausea and vomiting occurring in attacks;
• rashes resulting from an allergy to protein foods;
• disruptions in digestion;
• decreased immune defense;
• pain in the muscles;
• frequent fatigue;
• frequent mood swings.

Ways of development of a worm or life cycle

• oviposition. The female, while in the body, lays offspring, most of which leaves the body during defecation.
• Eggs remain in the ground, fall into the water. For the development of larvae inside the shells, special conditions: high temperature and humidity level.
• At a certain point, the host becomes infected and the larvae continue to develop already in the human body, spreading throughout the body.

The process of human infection

• Through the mouth. More often, infection with roundworms occurs due to a violation of general hygiene rules, non-compliance with the rules of heat treatment of food, when used in food purposes water affected by eggs with worms.
• When insect vectors. When bitten, eggs from nematodes enter the bloodstream, spread throughout the body.
• Through the skin in contact with soil, water, the skin does not have to be damaged.
• Eggs ended up on the surfaces of furniture, dishes and other items

What is the danger of infection?

Diagnostics

Main methods:

• Fecal analysis. It is carried out at least three times at each stage of treatment.
• Blood analysis: general; enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). In the first case, the composition of the blood is studied: leukocytes, eosinophils. With helminthiasis, these indicators are usually overestimated. ELISA allows you to get a more accurate picture, since during the study, antibodies to the antigen of helminths are determined.

The final diagnosis of the presence of nematodes in humans can be detected after laboratory tests. Must take a sample stool patient. An accurate diagnosis of helminths requires doing a study three times. In addition, the doctor will prescribe a blood test to determine the change in the number of white blood cells and the presence of antibodies to nematodes. In some cases, when helminths have affected organs that are not part of the digestive system (lungs, liver, heart), a biopsy and morphological examination are required.

Treatment

The fight against nematodes in humans has an integrated approach, which includes:

• anthelmintic preparations;
• special diet regime;
• drugs that normalize the state of the body after the toxic activity of nematodes;
• folk remedies from helminths as prevention and additional help;
• tablets to cure nematodes in animals if a person has contact with them.

Vegetable and chemicals . The first of the options has a milder effect on the human body, but the effect of such funds is long-term, and the desired results are not obtained soon.

Chemical drugs affect worms more effectively, however, often harm people . In order to get rid of worms dying under the influence of drugs as soon as possible, it is recommended to take drugs with a laxative effect after treatment with anthelmintic drugs.

To disinfect food, meat and fish are subjected to a full heat treatment. Vegetables and fruits that are consumed in fresh must be thoroughly rinsed in running water.

Nematodes in plants and in agriculture, soil

In agronomy and horticulture, they are also divided according to this principle: chrysanthemum (Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi), strawberry (A. fragariae), beet nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt), etc.

There are such plant nematodes:

• leafy (strawberry);
• stem;
• onion;
• root.

strawberry nematode

Over time, plants affected by pests dry and rot. Nematodes perfectly tolerate winter in dry foliage. Pests pass to plants through infected soil, weeds, from adjacent affected crops.

Usually suffer:

• strawberry;
• chrysanthemum;
• nephrolepis;
• carnation;
• aster;
• dahlia;
• orchid;
• crassula.

onion nematode lives in all kinds bulbous plants. The individual feeds on juice. The result is a slow death of the plant.

stem nematode

Signs of defeat:

• shoots stop growing;
• stems thicken, lose color;
• buds turn pale, dry up;
• over time, the plant dries and dies.

Root nematodes

Gall nematodes (more than 60 species) are able to feed on almost all species vegetable crops. They're called root nematodes. The worm has the shape of a pear, the front part of the body is pointed. They live in plant tissues. The female is able to lay up to 2000 eggs, which protrude to the surface of the root, in the form of dark droplets. Blisters are visible on infected plants. Worms make it difficult to feed vegetables, as a result, the plant fades, even dies.

The term of development is 20 - 40 days, depending on the species. Them life cycle can pass in two directions: The female nematode at the time of laying eggs was in the ground, and not in the plant - in whole or in part, so the larvae from the eggs come out into the ground. They begin to move until they get inside the roots.

This path of development is most often observed in the primary stages of infection. The female is located inside the root, the larvae come out there, travel a short distance along the roots and begin to feed on the contents. Such larvae cannot be eliminated by biological methods using predatory nematodes, bacteria and fungi.

Plants affected by the soil nematode gradually wither, weaken, stop growing. The leaves curl up. Roots located below the galls stop developing and die. At the same time, the root beard (thin threadlike roots) begins to grow abundantly. Such roots do not contribute to the growth of the culture, but only take away nutrients from them.

Gall nematodes spread through contaminated soil, residues of roots, seeds, bulbs, inventory, from nearby plants. Chrysanthemums, ficuses, dracaenas, begonias, lilies, and aloe are most susceptible to these pests.

potato nematode

Particular attention is paid to a highly specialized type of worms- golden potato nematode (Globodera rostochiensis). With a sign, almost everyone who grew plants of the nightshade family at home or in the country. They prefer to settle on the roots of potatoes and tomatoes.

The main signs of damage: bushes develop poorly, forming a small number of stems, the leaves turn yellow, flowering stops or almost no flowers form. A similar situation occurs with tubers - they are either too small or completely absent.

With a weak injury external signs are absent, and nematode activity can only be detected by digging up one or more plants. With a strong infection, instead of tubers, a group of small fibrous roots is formed.

The individual develops into a rhizome. Cysts are spread by soil, wind, water, and infected tubers. Therefore, when a potato nematode is detected, the infection zone is closed for quarantine.

You should know that the golden potato nematode, like other similar plant pests, is absolutely safe for humans.

How to deal with the nematode

For best effect you should choose a calm, sunny day. Treatment with such poisons indoors is prohibited. When fighting root nematodes, the soil is watered with a solution. Poisons act only on adults, so the treatment must be carried out several times. Biological agents good because they are not toxic to plants and humans, do not harm. Their active ingredients are natural ingredients. One of the most effective biological preparations is Nematofagin. All preparations must be diluted, clearly following the instructions, so as not to harm the plants and not burn them.

Means and preparations

How to remove the nematode? There is a mass of systemic and contact poisons intended for spraying plants. Among nematocides, solutions of mercaptophos, lindane, as well as methyl bromide, chloropicrin, carbation and organophosphorus compounds are common. Systemic drugs penetrate the plant through the roots and poison the nematodes through the leaves and stems. Organophosphorus compounds (phosphamide, karbofos, methylmercaptophos) are sprayed on plant bushes or fruit trees to remove leaf and stem nematodes. To completely get rid of adult nematodes in your area, it is enough to process plants 3-4 times every week.

1. Phosphamide- moderately dangerous substance for humans and animals, but very toxic to pollinating insects. It is effective against garden mites or aphids, and against roundworms. Fruit trees like apple trees and pears are sprayed with a 0.1% or 0.2% solution with a calculation of 0.8 - 4.0 kg per 1 ha, for cherries and plums 0.8 - 3.0 kg is enough. Processing must be stopped one month before harvest. Experts do not recommend spraying next to greens, vegetable and berry crops.
2. Another means - LHC "Ecogel", environmentally friendly and safe, protects plants from various diseases, including root-knot nematodes. It is applied with introduction into the ground and has a detrimental effect on both eggs and adult worms. The duration of the effect is 3-9 weeks. You can soak the seeds before planting or spray the plants with a 1% Ecogel solution.
3. The drug "Nematofagin BT" based on predatory fungi and is introduced into the soil (to a depth of 15-20 cm). It is absolutely safe in comparison with chemicals, and mycelium of the fungus kills nematode worms after a day.
4. You can fight it with the help of the drug "Fitoverm". It is produced in the form of a 0.2% powder and, when acting on nematodes and their larvae, deprives them of the opportunity to eat normally. It is introduced into the soil under infected plants. If you follow the recommendations for sanitary preparation and fertilization of the soil, carry out frequent heat treatments of the earth, roots and seeds, then you can protect your plantations from the spread of nematodes. Give preference to plants with high immunity, plant nearby protective plants (marigolds, rye) to scare away roundworms.

How to prevent infection in the future

Outdoors

Material prepared: agronomist Sokolov V.A. jointly

Among garden pests, kivsyaks are distinguished by slowness and a secretive way of life. In small quantities, they are beneficial by processing rotting organic matter. Millipedes together with earthworms contribute to the formation of fertile humus. With mass reproduction, they begin to feed on the roots and young sprouts of agricultural crops. Millipedes damage strawberries, raspberries, gnaw potatoes, beets, climb tomatoes. In order to prevent crop losses, you need to know how to get rid of kivsyakov in the country.

Acquaintance with Kisyaks

- bipedal centipedes, mainly living in the forest litter. Another name for this family is diplopods. Each segment of the centipede's body (except the first three) has two pairs of limbs. There are about 8 thousand species of these animals in the world. The body is elongated, consists of many segments, more than 30 pieces. The body is completely enclosed in a protective shell. Such a structure makes kivsyakov invulnerable to mechanical impact and protects against chemicals.

Interesting fact. The movement of diplopods begins with the forelimbs, then the remaining legs are connected. A kind of wave passes through the body.

The length of centipedes ranges from 2 to 30 cm. Giant individuals are found only in the tropical latitudes of Asia, Africa, and America. In the temperate regions of Russia, centipedes of a more modest size are found. Kivsyaki living in forests bring tangible benefits. In a year they recycle great amount decaying plant debris. AT middle lane a common species is the gray nodule. Its color is gray-steel, length 25-45 mm. Another common species is the sandy kisyak. It is black with two longitudinal orange stripes on the back.

Reproduction occurs by laying eggs. The male and female mate in warm weather(25-28 0) at high humidity. For masonry, a nest is built from pieces of soil and excrement. The offspring are outwardly similar to adults, but differ in a smaller number of body segments. In the process of growth, they experience several molts. After each kivsyak adds several segments and pairs of legs.

Kivsyaki at home - to be afraid or not

Kivsyaki are vegetarians, therefore they prefer to live in nature, among vegetation. They settle under stones, in heaps of tops, under the remains building materials. In these places, moisture is stored longer, in addition, centipedes are protected from sun rays. There are times when nods climb into the house. This happens during a period of high humidity, when the number of invertebrates becomes huge. They are looking for new territories to settle. The house chooses rooms where there is water - a kitchen, a bathroom. They can scare impressionable owners by crawling along walls and ceilings.

Diplopods are active at night, the sun dries out their body. They do not bite, they are not carriers of diseases and infections. When threatened, centipedes curl up into a tight spiral. So they protect the abdomen. Odorous and poisonous secretions from the holes on the side help to scare away predators. For people, they are absolutely harmless, it is enough to wash your hands with soap and water.

Neighborhood with centipedes does not please anyone. When they appear, the question becomes acute - how to get rid of kivsyak in the house? Unfortunately, the effect of insecticides on them is not always effective. It is better to use bait traps. They are laid out in the evening, cut potatoes, wet rags are taken to attract centipedes. In the morning, nods are trapped, they are collected and destroyed. Together with food bait, you can pour "Initiation". It is an insecticide in the form of granules recommended for the destruction of soil pests.

Centipedes on the window

Big troubles are delivered by kivsyaki to lovers of indoor plants. There is a small amount of organic matter in the pot, so the centipedes that got there begin to eat the roots of the flower. How do diplopods get to houseplants? A common option is with soil taken on suburban area. If the soil was not processed before planting, then the pest will move from the garden to the apartment.

Advice. Work the soil at least the most in a simple way- spill with boiling water.

Favorable conditions for the development of centipedes are created by pouring tea leaves into a pot. Untimely cleaning of fallen leaves and buds provokes the reproduction of the pest. An overgrown colony of centipedes eats up all the dead organic matter and is taken for the flowers themselves. You can get rid of them in a safe way- place the pot in a bowl of water. Kivsyaki will float to the surface, it remains to collect and destroy them. If this method cannot be carried out due to the large dimensions of the plant, then insecticides are used - Aktofit, Karate Zeon.

unusual pets

Kivsyakov are kept at home as exotic pets. They buy tropical species that are large in size or brightly colored. These are unpretentious and peaceful pets. contain them plastic boxes with ventilation. A layer of substrate with leaves is poured into the insectarium. In the diet of vegetables, fruits, mushrooms.

Multi-legged pest in the garden

For gardeners, kivsyaki in the country become a real disaster. They gnaw roots, weakening plants, spoiling berries and root crops. Usually a spotted or speckled nodule settles in the garden. The body of the centipede is white or beige, with red or orange spots on each segment. They mark the holes through which the protective secret comes out. This species has a long subtle body, no eyes. The role of the sense organs is performed by the antennae. Females are longer and thicker than males, their body is 12-15 mm, while in males it is 8-12 mm. Centipedes prefer to eat at night. The rest of the time they hide in shelters, and when high temperature burrow into the ground. On a cloudy rainy day, the pest can be seen on the surface.

Attention. Due to their secretive existence, gardeners do not immediately guess the true culprit of plant damage.

Centipedes try to stay close to food sources, if there is a dunghill on the site, you will find them there. Their life span is 4-5 years, so development from larva to adult is slow. The process takes 3 years. The females lay their eggs near the feeding grounds of the larvae - near strawberries and cucumbers. The offspring comes out in 2-4 weeks, depending on weather conditions. The larvae will have several molts. Kivsyaki pests overwinter in the soil, adults and larvae fall into diapause.

How to identify a pest

In the cold and wet spring, when plants are growing slowly, centipedes gnaw out cavities in their root systems. These areas darken large area culture dries up if damaged. Indicative are the damage to strawberries. Kivsyaki make depressions of various sizes in a soft berry. In some cases, larvae remain inside. Usually centipedes prefer rotten vegetables and fruits, but crawl on fresh ones as well. Especially if they are close to the ground. The following crops are at risk:

• sugar beet;
• zucchini;
• potato;
• carrot;
• melon;
• tomatoes.

On the site, not only spotted kivsyak may appear, but also other species - gray, Crimean, sandy. All of them have a segmented body with double pairs of limbs, different colors - from steel to black. Centipedes start up in the open and closed ground. In the humid environment of the greenhouse, they multiply at a high rate.

Attention. It is important to start exterminating the pest in time, for a day they eat an amount of food that is half their own weight.

Measures to combat the nodule

In the fight against the centipede, the main emphasis is on mechanical and agrotechnical methods of destruction. The pest, due to its special repellent secretions, has few natural enemies that would help control its numbers.

pest bait

If kivsyaki have bred in the garden, they are fought with the help of traps. There are several types of them:

1. Make artificial shelters for shade-loving diplopods and harvest them by hand.
2. Lure them to pieces of potatoes, carrots or other vegetables, collect and destroy.
3. Dig shallow grooves up to 10 cm, drop empty cans at the bottom. When crawling over an obstacle, pests will fall inside the container.

This method requires constancy, it is necessary to monitor the baits, remove the accumulated individuals in time.

Agrotechnical actions

• So that strawberries do not damage kivsyaki, straw or mulch is poured onto the beds at the beginning of spring.
• Pests love moisture, dryness is detrimental to them, so loosening the topsoil is recommended.
• If fruits damaged by centipedes are seen, they are immediately removed.
• Manual collection of pests from traps and beds in the evening is carried out.

Chemicals

The action of chemistry on kivsyakov is less effective than on other pests. But there are still benefits from insecticides. They destroy young larvae, the shell of which has not yet hardened like in adults. It is recommended to use new generation products - Aktofit, Karate. The introduction of chloride salts into the soil has a negative effect on centipedes. In the evening, when the pests get out of the shelter, they sprinkle ordinary table salt - NaCL.

Prevention of centipedes

In order not to have to fight with centipedes, you should follow a few rules:

1. Tidy up on the site, get rid of unnecessary things under which the kivsyaki settle.
2. Harvest berries in a timely manner.
3. Carry out autumn digging, larvae and adult centipedes will die in the cold.
4. Do not leave weeds and tops in the garden, remove them after the final harvest.

When the house is cleaned and the kitchen shines with cleanliness, this is always a clear sign that clean owners live in the house. Beautiful interior decoration and original design only emphasize the status of the inhabitants of the house, but quite often, against this rainbow background, situations arise that literally turn everything upside down. Uninvited guests appeared in the kitchen, shining with brilliance, in a room where repairs had recently been made. The appearance of pests own kitchen, can be a shock for any hostess. Little worms on a beautiful new ceiling, in the kitchen, where?

However, situations continue to arise today when we again have to deal with domestic pests. Who has not had to deal with the fact that small worms appear in the kitchen from nowhere. The most unpleasant thing in this case is that we do not know where this attack came from and who these insects are.

The worms on the ceiling in the kitchen are aliens that came into our house from the outside, not by our will. Man's fault lies in the fact that we artificially created in our kitchen ideal conditions for the habitat and reproduction of insects. The problem is so serious that any delay in making a decision threatens to be a disaster for you. In a day or two, following one worm on the ceiling, you will encounter a huge mass of moving larvae.

Worms on the kitchen ceiling - a biological portrait of pests

For reference: ideal climatic conditions for breeding food moth is a temperature above 23 0 C, with a humidity of 45-50%. Warm air, an abundance of food becomes an ideal environment for the rapid maturation of laid eggs.

The masonry is mainly done on the shelves and in the cupboards of our kitchen, where cereals, cereals and dry semi-finished products are stored in abundance. A week later, the eggs hatch into worms. white color, which on a huge scale absorb all edible bulk and dry products.

On a note: in the process of its growth, a colony of larvae of 500 individuals can render up to 100 kg unusable. products.

The waste products of the larvae render unusable any cereal or porridge that becomes unsuitable for human consumption.

If you notice a flying mole in the house, especially in the kitchen, sound the alarm. Otherwise, time will be lost and in just a couple of weeks you will have white worms on the ceiling in the kitchen that will become an unpleasant discovery for you.

Is food moth dangerous and where does it come from?

White worms on your kitchen ceiling in the kitchen - this is a consequence. The problem arises from the moment the food moth got into our house. This is where the biggest surprise lies. We never know what draws us into the house. In the case of food moths, the situation generally looks paradoxical. It's all about poor quality food. By itself, a mole cannot get into an apartment, but bringing it into a house is quite realistic. Without knowing it, we buy already contaminated food in the store or in the market. Porridge, flour and other bulk semi-finished products must pass without fail. fumigation during storage. Unscrupulous suppliers and manufacturers often neglect storage technology, packing products already infected with insects and putting them up for sale.

Note: food moth larvae are omnivorous and very voracious. Gnawing through plastic bags, the larvae quickly spread throughout the kitchen space in search of food. Dead caterpillars, feces and pupae make our habitable kitchen space ugly and dirty. Food products are subject to urgent disposal.

What is the way out of this situation. Pest Control Methods

Today, there are a lot of means of combating household pests. There are folk remedies for combating food moths, and there are modern techniques built on integrated approach in order to achieve a result.

The first step that will allow you to avoid an unpleasant situation is prevention. All foodstuffs subject to long-term storage must be removed from the kitchen. Pantry or balcony will become the best place for storage bulk products. Cold air become an obstacle to the reproduction of larvae. If you suspect that food is already contaminated, all cereals, cereals and even pasta must go through heat treatment. To do this, it will be enough to ignite the products in the oven.

Relying completely on folk remedies is not worth it. In some cases, the food moth easily overcomes obstacles and quickly spreads indoors, infecting food.

Appeared worms on the ceiling. Pest Control Methods

On a note: laundry soap and vinegar are the first remedies to be considered, which are dangerous to food moths, and especially to their offspring.

As an aid today, effective traps are used that can disorientate adults and prevent subsequent reproduction of pests.

Eventually

The situation with worms on the ceiling is unpleasant, but not dangerous for humans. First of all, the aesthetics of your premises suffer, personal feelings from the presence of worms are unpleasant. All your food supply will have to be thrown away and replenished again. Once, faced with a similar problem and eliminated pests, you will already know for the future how to avoid such troubles.

Your ceiling will look cleaner and more inviting if you periodically wet cleaning in the kitchen, including wiping the walls and ceiling.

The main essence of the article

The wireworm greatly annoys gardeners, damaging potato tubers, various root crops, as well as root system vegetable seedlings, causing significant damage. To reduce the damage caused by this pest, site owners have to decide how to deal with the wireworm. This issue is complicated long period development of pests and their almost constant presence in the soil.

Yellow or light brown worms, which have a generalized name - wireworm, are not independent insects. These are the larvae of various species of click beetles. They have a length of 10 to 45 mm, a shiny, worm-like body covered with a strong chitinous shell, equipped with three pairs of legs. It is precisely due to the fact that the larva of the click beetle looks like a pruning copper wire, she got her name - wireworm.

Pests of various garden crops are only some varieties of click beetle larvae (there are also predatory and omnivorous varieties). The greatest harm horticultural crops caused by larvae of insects of the genus Selatosomus and Agriotes, which damage the plantings of cereals (especially corn), potatoes, various vegetable crops, sunflowers, as well as gourds, alfalfa, tobacco and even young fruit trees.

By biting into tubers and damaging the roots of vegetables, the wireworm weakens plants that lag behind in growth, and their yield is greatly reduced. In addition, fungi and bacteria enter the root passages cut by the pest. Damaged tubers not only lose their presentation, but are also not suitable for storage, as they quickly rot.

Click beetles are distributed throughout the country, and the wireworm is found in almost all areas and fields where various crops are planted. Therefore, the question: “how to get rid of the wireworm?” - regularly occurs both among amateur gardeners and owners of large farms.

The period during which the wireworm develops before turning into a beetle is very long - from 2 to 5 years. Click beetles hibernate underground, burrowing to a depth of 10-15 cm, the larvae survive the cold season, going to a depth of up to 60 cm.

Beetle years are usually observed in April. From the beginning of May to the end of July, click beetles lay their eggs in cracks and under lumps of soil. After two or three weeks, young wireworms appear from the eggs, which grow up to 5-7 mm in length in the first year.

The fight against this pest is aimed primarily at reducing its numbers to such a level as to cause minimal damage. It is almost impossible to achieve that the wireworm completely disappears from the site.

In practice, the fight against click beetle larvae is carried out in two ways: chemical and agrotechnical. The first method is based on the introduction of insecticides directly into the soil. For use on a personal plot, it is not acceptable for the following reasons:

• From exposure to pesticides, not only the wireworm will die, but also earthworms, as well as beneficial microorganisms. soil microflora will be violated, which will negatively affect its composition and, ultimately, the yield of horticultural crops.
• This method requires significant financial costs, and the fight may be more expensive than the damage caused by these pests.

Special agrotechnical measures able to significantly (from 2 to 10 times) reduce the number of larvae, at the same time do not negative impact on the composition of the soil.

• In areas where corn and other silage crops are grown, the application of ammonium-containing nitrogen fertilizers is successfully used (including - ammonia water). Fertilizers are applied directly to the soil, with immediate incorporation, as ammonia quickly evaporates. On the household plots this method is difficult to implement, since it requires special devices.
• The fight against wireworm is very effective by deep digging the soil in late autumn on the eve of persistent frosts. The wireworm, which is close to the surface of the soil, dies from the cold.
• The solution to the question: "how to get rid of the wireworm?" - on the site, one must begin with the careful removal of wheatgrass and chicken millet, and one should try to remove all the rhizomes of these weeds, even the smallest ones.
• Regular loosening of the soil surface in May and June not only helps to retain moisture and remove emerging weeds, but also reduces the number of wireworms. Caught in the sun, the eggs laid by click beetles, under the influence of direct sunlight, become unviable, and the larvae of them will not appear.
• Simple traps help to reduce the number of pests in the soil. For their manufacture, bunches of semi-rotted grass, straw or hay are placed in small depressions in the soil, moistened and covered with pieces of slate or boards. After a certain time, the wireworm large numbers will climb inside the bait in search of warmth and food. After a couple of days, heaps, along with pests, must be collected and burned.
• Similar baits can be made by laying out or burying pieces of potato tubers to a shallow depth. To simplify the work, you can string them on cords. After 1-2 days, the bait is taken out of the ground and scalded with boiling water. In the future, potatoes can be used to feed livestock and poultry.
• Compliance with crop rotation also helps to reduce the harm that wireworm causes to crops.

The use of these measures in combination will help gardeners to significantly reduce the harm caused by the larvae of the click beetle to various crops.