Zoning of the suburban area with fences. Land zoning. Zoning the site with arches and trellises

Planning your summer cottage is very interesting, because you can come up with a bunch of all sorts of interesting solutions.

In order to beautifully and efficiently ennoble the territory, you need to have some knowledge.

Our article will help you step by step to complete the basic work and decorate your site.

Where to begin?

Before starting work, you need to make a plan. Reflect your site on it, sketch its shape, display all the buildings and be sure to take into account the terrain, streams can flow in such areas.

Consider also the location of your territory, whether your house is located in a lowland or on a hill. If the cottage is built under a mountain and streams enter the site, then its arrangement will take a lot of time and effort.

The layout of the territory implies dividing it into zones, this is a residential area, a recreation area, a garden and outbuildings. For each building, you need to allocate a specific place and set the area.

The residential area, that is, your house, should take up about 25% of the space of the entire territory, the toilet, bathhouse and barn should fit in 15-17% of the area.

The largest place on the site, as always, is reserved for the garden, which means that you can plant and grow berries, fruit trees, your favorite flowers, build an artificial reservoir, build a gazebo, in general, make the territory beautiful and ennobled.

The first thing that is built on the site is, of course, a house. Everybody build it on different place, someone in the center, someone likes the house to occupy the first line, right after the gate.

A gazebo or terrace is built near the house, closer to the garden, in order to enjoy fresh air and the scent of trees. The playground is also placed closer to the gazebo, it can be at its level or behind it.

The toilet, bathhouse and shed should take place closer to the fence. In this case, they will remain invisible on the site and will not take up space.

There is no single type of landscaping for a summer cottage, since everyone has different territories both in size and shape. The standard lot type is a square or rectangle.

On their territory, summer residents are very fond of creating rockeries from stones, plants and a reservoir.

Site planning is a creative and interesting process, but in order to make the cottage cozy and beautiful, it will not be out of place to look at some of the work of landscape designers.

We draw a diagram

After you have decided on the place of buildings on the territory, mark them on paper and sketch them. So, you will visually facilitate your work, and you will surely imagine what to place where, namely:

Where the house will stand, from which side of the site the entrance will be.
Place for outbuildings.
Where will you put the gazebo and playground.
Track direction.
Place for flower beds and a pond.
Communications.

Strictly observing the sequence of buildings, the main place on the site belongs to the house, then we build a garage, sheds, a bathhouse and a toilet.

Lastly, we choose a place for a gazebo, a barbecue area, summer shower etc. The garden and vegetable garden is given enough space, depending on what you plan to plant there.

Layout of the site depending on the size

Depending on how many acres the suburban area occupies, the location of the buildings should be designed.

If the plot is not more than 6 acres, then with proper zoning of the territory, you can build everything you need. A house on such a site will turn out no more than 20-25 square meters. m., parking - about 7 sq. m., garden - no more than 100 sq. m.

If your plot is large, from 12 to 15 acres, then this has a serious project on which you will have to work properly.

According to the standard plan, everything will be possible to build here, and even large objects, for example, the house here will be just huge, with a summer terrace and a spacious parking lot.

When developing a development plan for your site on your own, consider all the nuances regarding the construction and placement of summer cottages. Use a clear work plan and follow the advice of experienced craftsmen.

Photo of a successful layout of a summer cottage

The landscaping of a suburban area begins with planning, a simple, at first glance, procedure. In fact, zoning a territory requires special knowledge, especially if your site has an irregular shape or is located on a slope. The layout of the suburban area, the principles of which will be described in this article, allows not only to reasonably divide the site into zones - residential, garden, and find the best place for the recreation area. Thoughtful planning makes it possible to avoid a chaotic approach to arranging the territory, when the space looks unfinished even after all the work is completed.

The layout should take into account all aspects of the life of the owners

Planning: drawing up a sketch plan

When arranging the allotment, you can use not only strictly practical techniques, but also allow yourself creative solutions (which, as you know, are difficult to implement in a limited space). The goal of any layout is to most conveniently arrange all the buildings necessary for the owners, choose the best place for plants, take care of the decorative and functional details of the landscape (flower beds, fences, paths). The preliminary planning of a plot of 12 acres divides the territory into several segments (functional zones associated with certain activities):

House. Approximately 10% of the land is allocated for it.

Outbuildings. They also occupy about 10%.

Rest zone. From 10 to 15% of the territory.

Garden. For them, 60-65% of the land remains, but this division is advisory in nature. It is likely that you are not going to devote all your free time to a labor feat on vegetable beds. In this case, the beds will occupy a symbolic area, and the freed up space will be used in a different way (for example, for a device ornamental pond or swimming pool).

A sample breakdown of a suburban area into zones

Having decided on the proportions, you can move on to the details. Before you make the first, indicative plan of the site, make a detailed list of the necessary objects. After that functional areas can be specified as follows:

Economic zone. In addition to the summer kitchen, it includes a cellar, a garage, a firewood shed, a workshop, and paths.

Garden and garden area. It traditionally includes orchard, a place for planting agricultural plants, a grassy lawn, a greenhouse and a greenhouse.

fencing zone. Fence and hedge along the boundaries of the site.

Entrance zone. Gate, wicket and adjacent territory (platform for a car, driveway, front garden).

Rest zone. Terrace, benches, gazebo, barbecue area, landscape elements (decorative pond or fountain, flower beds, alpine slide). This is where the bath comes in. playground, sandbox, swimming pool, swing.

Technical area. It includes a well, water supply, septic tank, filtration field.

Sketch sketch of the location of buildings

The location of these objects will determine the shape and location of the corresponding zones. Now you can make a preliminary plan. It is convenient to do it on graph paper; this will accurately draw buildings, zone boundaries, fences and plants. Already at this stage, inviting a specialist will be a useful step; an outside perspective is very helpful. Do-it-yourself planning is certainly exciting, but it increases the risk of non-compliance with building, sanitary and fire regulations.

Planning: 4 points to pay attention to

A land allotment of 12 acres allows you to show imagination in the distribution of objects. But this must be done taking into account the placement rules developed by experts. Neglect of such rules is fraught with consequences that worsen the quality of life, comfort and functionality of the territory. Successful planning of the garden plot depends on the following factors:

Location of the house. It is the house that is the starting point for the rest of the elements and zones of the infield.

Residential building specifies the placement of other objects

Location of outbuildings. They play a secondary role, so the main principle of their placement is to make sure that they are not conspicuous.

garden area. To get a good harvest, you need a lot of sun, so they try to allocate the most illuminated areas for plants.

Rest zone. It doesn't have to be concentrated in one place; individual elements can be distributed over the area. If it is desirable for a gazebo to find a place in the shade, then an open place would be preferable for a pool.

For competent planning additional characteristics of the site are important:

terrain and the presence of natural water bodies or forest nearby.

Plot shape and its location on the cardinal points.

soil type and groundwater levels.

Arrangement of a site of the correct form

Any summer cottage involves a family vacation, so the layout should take into account the needs of each family member. A plot of regular, rectangular shape is the most common option that simplifies the design process.

The layout of the rectangular area is not difficult

Placement of a residential building. A place for building a house is chosen near the entrance (entrance) to the site; separator between housing and carriageway serves as a front garden. The house needs the right location on the cardinal points: the main facade with a veranda is oriented to the south or southeast (this will allow you to use natural light to the maximum).

Proportions. With proper planning, the area of \u200b\u200bgreen spaces should exceed the building area. If structures, playgrounds and garden paths occupy more than 40% of the area, the layout is considered inefficient.

Fence. The fence is one of the first structures that appear on the site. You can ennoble the boundaries of the territory by arranging near the fence hedge. This requires a frame and weaving plants (honeysuckle, grapes).

Entrance zone. Part of the land of the suburban area will be occupied by a garage, a parking lot and an access alley. To reduce this area, they try to locate the garage close to the gate.

Vertical gardening fence

front garden. The front part of the country estate; separated from the street by a hedge or fence. The size of the plot of 12 acres allows you to arrange a spectacular entrance area (with a depth of 6 to 10 meters) - to break a flower garden, plant ornamental trees or shrubs, sow a lawn.

outbuildings. They are traditionally located residential building, deep in the territory. However, you should not place them at the far edge of the site, so as not to increase the number and length of the tracks. If buildings are planned near the house, they are covered with ornamental plants.

Plants. Trees are planted no closer than five meters from the walls of the house, otherwise over time they will completely obscure the facade. Sun-loving ornamental trees and shrubs, as well as beds are given sunny side, for the rest, shady areas are suitable.

Rest zone. Arrangement depends on the preferences of the family; they try to place the pool in the depths of the territory, and the platform with barbecue - close to the house.

The entrance area is the calling card of your home

Arrangement of an irregularly shaped area

Sometimes it happens that the features of the relief or the quirks of the general plan set the boundaries of the land allotment, and it takes on a form that is far from the classical one. Many people think that planning land plot, which looks like a rhombus, trapezoid or triangle, is a thankless task, and sharp corners will not allow you to fully explore the territory. Land plots on a slope also enjoy a bad reputation.

Undoubtedly, the planning of such a territory will require more effort, time, imagination, and often additional funds. The arrangement of a plot of a non-standard shape, carried out with professional help, will allow you to effectively use the area, minimize costs and turn a “problem” area into a place worthy of admiration.

Video description

About the basics of planning the next video:

To the number of plots irregular shape include the following options:

Plot on a slope. If the site is located on the slope of a ravine or near a reservoir, the position of the residential building depends on the orientation of the slope. If the slope is south, housing is built in the upper part, this will protect it from landslides caused by snowmelt and heavy rains. If the slope faces east or west, the house is laid in the northern part of the land plot. If the slope is north, the building can be placed near the western or eastern border of the property. The steep slope is divided into terraces. Such a technique will require investment, but will allow you to use the maximum area, simultaneously strengthening the slope.

Slope layout without loss of usable area

narrow section. Usual tricks landscape design work poorly on narrow allotments. An elongated area looks cluttered, objects interfere with each other and create randomness in perception. The problem is solved by visual adjustment. In such areas, they try to locate a residential building closer to the end (short side). The rest of the buildings are located in the central part. tall trees. Such zoning distracts attention from elongated proportions. The plan of the suburban area looks like a boring series of zones, but in fact, well-planted plants and details highlighted contrasting color, do not give a feeling of "squeezing" of the territory.

General plan of the narrow section

L-shaped layout. The layout of such a territory brings, rather, not problems, but hidden opportunities. L-shaped land allotment is a standard rectangular plot with an additional platform of the same shape. This adjacent area is convenient to use for organizing a recreation area.

Working on a sketch of an L-shaped territory

triangular plot. Such an allotment can be a challenge for the landscape designer and a space for you to develop your creativity. There is no single recipe for zoning triangular areas; It all depends on the length of the sides and the size of the angles. Most general recommendations consist in the location of a residential building on the side opposite the sharp peak. In order for the land to be used rationally, the asymmetry of functional zones and the use of round-shaped details - flower beds, gazebos, alpine hills, and an artificial pond are welcome.

A fragment of the layout of a triangular-shaped plot

Irregular Lots: 5 Planning Tricks

One of the rules of landscape design says: there are no bad sites, there are people who do not know the laws of competent planning. In order to tastefully place a house, buildings and other necessary objects on a complex allotment, you can use professional techniques, which include the following recommendations:

Duplicate border direction. A land allotment with uneven, close to natural, boundaries can determine the internal zoning. Diagonal paths, beds and hedges will make the layout dynamic and unique. A house located not parallel to the border, but at an angle, will set a non-standard shape for the front garden and will never look boring.

Distraction from the shape of the borders. If you don't like the configuration of the borders and the irregular shape of the territory, you can try the opposite recommendation - to abandon the idea of duplicating the borders. Curved and zigzag garden paths can divert attention. A platform of non-standard shape and a voluminous, overgrown shrub will be of great help in masking the borders.

Video description

About the advice of a landscape designer in the following video:

Using a pattern in paving. The rhythmic pattern of the pavement, which does not coincide in direction with the boundaries, effectively distracts attention from the irregular shape of the territory. Small tiles, mosaics, natural stone are suitable for decoration - materials that make it possible to complicate the space and make it more dynamic.

Use of the natural landscape. If the terrain is far from ideal, there is a great reason to use for decoration landscape style. In this case, a smooth transition between zones is planned, the atmosphere of proximity to nature is played up by the use of free-growing trees, climbing plants, volumetric herbs and shrubs.

Using accents. In the layout of plots that have the shape of a trapezoid or triangle, sharp corners are the greatest problem. Two methods with the opposite effect help to cope with it. The first is the effect of focusing attention when people plant unusual plant, install sculpture or cascade. The opposite technique masks corner zone; for this purpose, choose a plant that gives lush greenery.

Site plan for 12 acres of complex shape

Invitation of a specialist for planning

Planning a site for the construction of a cottage is a big job, during which many issues arise that require immediate solutions (otherwise the construction of the house will stretch for an indefinite period). The most common problems include:

Site layout with a slope. So that the life of the owners of such an allotment is not complicated by soil displacements, it will be necessary to strengthen the slopes with retaining walls, and in some cases, the creation of terraces.

Layout of a site with a pronounced relief. Relief adjustment is often applied.

Layout of a site with waterlogged soil. A well-conducted analysis of the soil and groundwater level will allow the development of drainage and storm water. Otherwise, stagnant water will kill the plants and reduce the quality of life of the owners.

The choice of plants for landscaping. In order for the garden and flower garden to bring joy, it is necessary to choose plants, taking into account the characteristics of their cultivation, compatibility, suitability for planting in this soil.

Video description

For information on how to properly equip your plot of a country house, see the following video:

Competent zoning. The result of self-planning often becomes irrational placement of buildings and paths, as well as ill-conceived location of zones (when a recreation area or a playground is next to a parking lot).

It is almost impossible to do all this work on your own without making mistakes along the way; in this arrangement professional help won't be redundant at all. Many construction organizations offer services for planning and arranging a turnkey suburban area; work goes through the following stages:

Departure to the object. The specialist conducts an initial examination.

Conclusion of an agreement and budget approval.

Development of a conceptual solution; conducted in accordance with building codes and the wishes of the site owners.

Development of a master plan and working documentation.

Planning work and landscaping.

Delivery of the object to the customer.

Recreation area, equipped on the basis of the project

When developing a layout for a plot of 12 acres, the scheme and options are presented to the owners before the master plan is approved. After reviewing the documents, you can:

Imagine what the area will look like upon completion of all works, sometimes in 2-3 visualized computer program options.

Finally decide on landscape style.

Have full view of the budget.

see perspective area for several years.

On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer landscaping services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

A professional approach to planning a summer cottage will allow you to find a use for every square meter of land and turn a plot of 12 acres into an object of your endless pride (and the slight envy of friends and neighbors).

In this article we will consider the zoning of a summer cottage and a garden. We will also delve into the nuances of the design stages and features of zone planning.

The goals of zoning the site and garden

The dacha will only bring maximum benefit and pleasure when the correct planning is carried out, taking into account the ecological features of the area. To pick up the best option, desires and material capabilities of the owner should be compared with the landscape features of the area. At the same time, it is important to analyze not only the situation within the boundaries of the site, but also beyond it. Why carry out a landscape analysis, which considers:

Relief.
soil.
Existing stands (if any).
local fauna.
Surrounding natural and anthropogenic objects.

These conditions have a direct impact on the location of all utilitarian and decorative areas on the site.

Key areas of the site

How to choose a place for a bathhouse, gazebos with barbecues, a well, a pool, a car parking lot, a toilet. Choosing a place for each object, take into account its purpose and convenience of location.

First of all, buildings and structures are placed:

name of the property	Recommendations for choosing a place
Bath	Refers to complex architectural - building structures, therefore, obeys (SNiP) 30-02-97. Baths from non-combustible building materials(stone, concrete, brick) are located at a distance of at least 6 m, buildings from fire hazardous components - 8 m, wooden houses - 10 m. The distance from the fence to the bath is not less than 3 m. From an architectural point of view, it is better to place the front door in the south, and the windows in the southwest or southeast. In this position, the building is illuminated and warmed up most evenly. Perhaps the decisive factor will be water supply, drainage and electricity supply. Then the bath is placed as close as possible to the source of water and electricity.
Good location of the bath on the north side of the site. In the morning the shadow of the building is directed to the north-west, in the evening - to the north-east. From the south, the bath is illuminated as much as possible
Swimming pool	Most often located near the bath. Wherein, minimum distance between these objects, 15 - 30 m is recommended. Natural lighting and water heating, depending on the climate zone. AT southern regions shading is relevant in the afternoon, then it is better to place the pool in the northeast of the house (not only your own, but also the neighbor's) or a bath.
car parking	The size of the parking lot is determined by the width of the car, plus 50 cm on each side for easy opening of the doors. The main criterion for the shape of the site is the convenience of entry and turn. It is advisable to shade outdoor parking lots in the afternoon. Why use existing structures, for example, a solid fence on the western side casts a shadow in a northeast direction on a site with a southern entrance. In the absence of protection, you can build supports for vertical gardening, which will protect the parking lot from the sun and rain.
An example of a spacious and convenient parking lot located in the entrance area
Gazebo with barbecues	According to fire safety rules, structures with open fire are placed at a distance of 6 m from buildings made of non-combustible materials and not less than 15 m to wooden structures and plantations. It is important to take into account the prevailing wind direction in order not to cause "smoky" inconvenience to neighbors.

What to consider for arranging lawns, greenhouses, greenhouses, open beds, planting flower beds, fruit trees, shrubs

When the functional objects are installed, you can start placing plantings.

Tip # 1. For greenhouses, vegetable gardens, orchards and flowering ornamental plants, choose places that are well lit, protected from wind and drafts.

When planting large trees and shrubs, adhere to the rules for the location of plantings in settlements:

Distances to a tree trunk or the center of a shrub:

Building name	Up the tree	To the center of the bush
From fences (fences), more than 1.8 m high	4 m	2 m
From the facade of buildings and structures	5 m	1.5 m
From underground and air communications	4 m on each side	2 m on each side

Zoning of a summer cottage and a garden: stages of implementation

Landscape analysis:

Determine the location of the site on the cardinal points.
Take into account the relief features.
Analyze wind direction in different time of the year.
Mark Features natural light in the morning and afternoon hours.
Pay attention to the surroundings outside the site.

Photographing helps to make an objective decision. Fence seating area

Functional zoning:

Placement of buildings, structures on the site, taking into account the rules of fire safety and optimal use.
Selection of the shape of paths and platforms for easy movement and decorative design garden.

Planting location:

Fruit garden and vegetable garden;
Greenhouses and greenhouses;
decorative plantings.

Methods for dividing zones among themselves

When zoning a site, it often becomes necessary to separate unsightly objects from decorative landscapes. For example, vegetable gardens, compost storages, toilets, external communications. For this purpose, fences are used, vertical gardening and living fences.

High fences made of dense solid material appropriate for decorating large structures, such as toilets or utility poles. For the same purpose, select tapestries, trellises, pergolas, which in landscape design are classified as small architectural forms. It is not only a fence, but also a decorative element of the garden at any time of the year. In summer, they can be decorated with blooming vines on the sunny side:

wisteria,
Campsis
Honeysuckle honeysuckle,
clematis,
Climbing roses and other light-loving climbing plants.

Planted at shady supports parthenocissus five-leafed, aristolochia, farbitis, curly aconite.

Recently, hedges of various sizes have become popular.. If a garden, greenhouse or greenhouse needs to be separated from the site, low plants are selected so that they do not shade vegetable crops. High green walls are appropriate if the shadow does not fall on light-loving crops. Live fences are planted from deciduous shrubs if the site is intended for seasonal recreation. Such unpretentious shrubs are popular: Thunberg barberry, white and red derain, common privet, forsythia, Vangutta spirea and others. For an all-season decorative effect, it is better to apply coniferous trees: western thuja, prickly spruce, yew berry.

A hedge creates shade and separates the seating area

Zoning based on soil type

In areas with infertile soil in areas intended for planting, basic soil optimization is carried out.

Features of natural soil	Optimization measures
Marshy	Requires drainage drainage.
Sandy, sandy	Application of clay and organic fertilizers
loamy, clayey	The mechanical composition is changed with coarse sand
Sour	Neutralized slaked lime or other calcium-containing substances.
Lime	Plastering in progress
Podzolic sod	Weed control

Zoning using a height difference

Areas on rugged terrain require terracing. Stepped planning is carried out using retaining walls and horizontal platforms.

When planning a site on a slope, it is advisable to locate functional structures in easy access zones, and place rest areas so that tall objects do not block the view of landscapes. For example, a residential building and outbuildings should be placed on the lower terrace, and a gazebo should be placed at the top.

If the access road leads to the upper side of the site, then a recreation area is arranged at the foot of the slope in the form of a patio.

The role of garden paths in site planning

Paths and playgrounds are not only a functional structure, but also a decorative element of the landscape. Their main purpose is ease of movement. When planning paths, it is important to remember that for transit paths the recommended width is 1 - 1.2 m, so that two people walking towards each other can freely pass each other. The trajectory of movement along them is as straightforward as possible. Walking paths and paths, with a width of 40 cm, have the most diverse direction. Often they "wind" between plantings so that the viewer can see the landscape in detail.

Advice # 2 . Note!The shape and material of the path depends on the style of the site and the taste preferences of the owner.

If the gardener feels comfortable in conditions of strict symmetry and geometry, then the paths are planned to be straight. In areas of calm rest with landscape compositions, curved asymmetric paths are more appropriate. Often areas and paths cleared of snow become elegant elements of a winter garden.

An unsuccessful path can spoil the composition of the garden

Features of the zoning of the site and the garden for various regions - the Moscow region, the Leningrad region, the Urals, Siberia, the Volga region

In the sunny regions of the Volga region and the southern Moscow region, planning is practiced, which is dominated by shady areas for a relaxing holiday on a hot day. In the northern regions Leningrad region, in the Urals, in Siberia, open sunny areas are more popular than limited and shaded ones.

Successful and unsuccessful examples of site zoning and the location of objects on it

Successful:

The parking place was chosen taking into account the direction of the shadow from large tree

Failed:

Parking is not protected from the rain

Good picnic area:

The gazebo is reliably protected from the wind, equipped with everything necessary

Unsuccessful placement of a gazebo with barbecue:

Trees too close to open fire

Rubric: "Questions and answers"

Question #1. Where to place a well in the country?

Only where there is an aquifer.

Question #2. Where in the country can you build a toilet?

Design dependent:

A four-chamber septic tank is usually located in the drainage area.
A facility of the “convenience in the yard” type is placed as far as possible from their own and neighboring buildings and structures, no closer than 3 m from the fence, if cesspool not surrounded by concrete rings.

If cleaning with a cesspool is planned in the future, it is important to provide access roads.

Question #3. How to properly place an orchard when zoning a site?

Choose a well-lit and wind-sheltered location.
A number of fruit trees are best directed from south to north, regardless of the location of the site.

Question number 4. At what distance from the neighbor's fence to plant apple trees?

For vigorous fruit trees - 4 m to the trunk. This value is determined by the diameter of the crown of an adult tree.

Serious mistakes gardeners make when zoning a summer cottage and garden

When placing buildings and structures, they do not observe the distance from the fences. As a result, a wind tunnel is formed, which provokes a draft. This situation is not convenient for the owner and unacceptable for plants.

Placement of a residential building in south side small area. After lunch, the shadow moves to the northeast and covers large area garden. From the lack of lighting, the yield of garden and fruit crops decreases.

Planning a lawn (lawn) in shady place . Even the most shade-tolerant turf grass mixtures will tolerate partial shade. From lack of light, the lawn thins and disappears. In such places, it is better to provide another coating.

By purchasing suburban area, its owners are forced to look for answers to a number of questions, only after the solution of which the territory will become suitable for rational use. Among them are the principles of the location of the house and outbuildings on the site, and the planting of fruit and ornamental plants, and the possibility of placing a bathhouse and a pool. Competently answering these questions and rationally managing available area, newly minted owners summer cottages they are often surprised that even in a small area it is possible to place all the intended functional and decorative elements. To properly plan the territory, which will be the first step towards creating the site of your dreams, listen, use the simple tips suggested in the article, and add your understanding of beauty and comfort.

Zoning of a suburban area: factors affecting it

The zoning of a suburban area is a complex engineering and construction project, which includes not only the division of the site into separate functional areas and the planning of connections between them, but also the development of the design of the site. Among the inhabitants, a simpler definition of zoning is used, which implies the allocation of several functional zones on the territory of a summer cottage: front, residential, garden, utility zones and a recreation area. In order to carry out rational zoning of a summer cottage with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors, which will allow you to avoid unwanted errors in the process of planning the territory. It is recommended to pay special attention to the climatic zone, the terrain on which the site is located (hill or lowland, location on the site of a steppe or forest, the presence of water sources), the shape of the land cut, the presence of neighboring buildings. The type of soil is no less important, since if it is not dense enough, it is not recommended to erect gazebos and other structures on the plot of land without first strengthening it with denser soil. Often, its importation is organized by specialized companies involved in construction, landscape design and zoning of the territory.

Climatic conditions - one of the most important factors affecting the zoning and design of a summer cottage. Experts identify several main project areas:

Northwest zone- rather windy area, hallmark which are harsh winters and warm summer. When developing a functional zoning plan for a summer cottage located in a similar climatic zone, it is important to pay special attention to snow-retaining structures, high hedges and covered gazebos;
Western zone- quite warm, characterized by rare rains. For such areas, low fences and open verandas will be appropriate. In the process of zoning territories located in the western climatic zone, the use of European design is encouraged;
southeast zone- windy area with dry summers and frosty winter, which necessitates the construction of high fences, closed attics and verandas. Equally important is the organization of a water supply system available in any corner of the site;
Southern zone- a windy area, which is characterized by fairly short winters and hot summers, which means that the zoning of the site is based on the principle of protecting the territory from strong winds and the scorching sun.

Important! This classification is based on the division of the territory into climatic zones and regions. The sides of the personal plot itself have nothing to do with it and are used in the process of planning garden plantings and building areas.

The principles of planning a homestead territory

In the process of zoning a site, it is important not only to take into account all of the above factors, but also the basic principles of territory planning, based on which you can rationally divide the site into separate zones. Let's consider them in more detail.

Rationality, which can be discussed when 70% of the land is allocated for horticultural plantings, 20% - for the placement of outbuildings and decorative elements, 10% - residential buildings;
Ergonomics, including compliance necessary distances between objects. If it is necessary to minimize it between residential, utility buildings and other objects, then the situation is different with respect to plantings - the gap from the residential building to the garden zone should be at least 3-6 meters, which will prevent their detrimental effect on each other;

Important! When zoning, observe the following territorial parameters: the distance from the house to the trees is at least 3 m, to the raspberry bush - 1 m, to berry bushes(gooseberries, currants) - at least 1.5 m. It is important to remember that sooner or later fruit and berry plantations will grow, and therefore, the distance between them and residential buildings should initially be as wide as possible.

Seating and site planning must be carried out taking into account the cardinal points. For example, if the site is located in middle lane Russia, in the process of its zoning, observe the law of decreasing height. It says that next to residential buildings should be planted undersized plants(vegetables, berries and flower beds), and as we move deeper into the site, taller plants are planted - shrubs and trees. If the site is in a hot climate, trees and shrubs are placed near residential buildings, and low plants - in the depths of the site.

Thus, in a dry climate and heat garden trees placed in front of the house, and undersized cultivated plants- behind it, which will help retain moisture and protect the yard from heat.

The damp and cool climate dictates other rules, according to which the garden is placed in the depths, and the flower beds and the garden are in the yard, not far from the residential building. This will protect the building from excessive dampness and will contribute to its natural heating.

Zoning of the site, taking into account the windy side- an important aspect that must be taken into account when choosing a place to place buildings. In the process of planning the territory, try to place buildings on the north or northwest side, which will protect the garden area from cold winds. Shrubs (gooseberries, raspberries) planted along the fence will no less effectively protect the site from the winds;
Compliance sanitary norms , according to which the distance from residential buildings to septic tanks, toilets and cesspools must be at least 12 m, from the house to livestock outbuildings for household purposes - at least 7 m. Location of a well and a septic tank in the same zone is prohibited;

Playroom and recreation area are planned taking into account safety requirements. Playgrounds are designed in such a way that they are in the field of rhenium adults - they must be accessible to the eye from the most frequently visited areas - the living room, dining room or veranda. Pavilions are located on the territory protected from the impact of direct sun rays, water and electricity.

Zoning summer cottage photo

The most common forms of plots and options for their design

The design and layout of the site depends on its shape. Consider the most common options.

Rectangular area- the most common and convenient option for land planning. In most cases, zoning of plots of a similar shape is carried out as follows: country house located near the entrance to the site, preferably to the left of it. Directly opposite the house or a little to the right, a recreation area or a playground is placed, which will be available for review. Behind the house, experts recommend placing Orchard, and directly behind the recreation area - a garden and outbuildings;
Narrow elongated area- a fairly common version of summer cottages, in the planning process of which difficulties often arise. To avoid them, break the site into two or three transverse zones so that the site is not completely visible. This can be done with the help of hedges, trees and shrubs planted by the group, as well as buildings for various purposes.

Experts offer the following site layout option: a country house is located on the near border of the site, while additional outbuildings are on the opposite side. The specified location of the objects will allow the garden and vegetable garden to be located in the middle part of the site.

Important! Using well-known design tricks, you can visually change the shape of the extruded area, bringing it closer to the standard rectangular. To accomplish this, along long sides plot designers advise to plant small flowers in cold colors, while large bright plants are planted near the short sides (in particular, at the entrance).

L-shaped plot- another common option for planning a summer cottage, the standard irregularities of which can be profitably used. In such cases, a separate recreation area is placed on the territory of the protruding part of the site, while the zoning of the remaining territory is carried out similarly to a standard rectangular area;
Triangular area- a rather rare variant of the planning of the land area, the planning of which is one of the most difficult. The house on such a site is traditionally placed in the central part, and behind it is a recreation area, viewable. Outbuildings are located in the corner parts of the triangular-shaped plot, and shrubs and fruit trees are planted along the perimeter.

The main functional areas of the site: a brief description

front or entrance area

Regardless of whether you are zoning a summer cottage of 6 acres or more, it is necessary to organize an entrance zone on its territory. It is the first thing you and guests see when entering the territory of the site, and therefore, special attention must be paid to its layout.

Important! Even taking into account the organization of parking for a car, the front zone occupies no more than 6% of the site area.

The main function of the front area is the entrance to the site and the entrance of the car, in view of which the front area includes:

Convenient wide road leading to the house;
Area for a car.

In the process of organizing the entrance zone, it is necessary to take into account the terrain, which will avoid the stagnation of rainwater, as well as to foresee the area for the installation of collectors and drains. As mentioned above, the path leading to the house should be wide enough (at least 1.5-2 m), which will make it comfortable for you and your guests. In view of the high functional load on this area, experts recommend using tiles for paving.

Once you've mapped out the driveway and driveway leading to the house, estimate the amount of space left and use it to place decorative elements. Most often this is a free area left near the fence. Do not forget to evaluate the free area outside the site, as it can also be used to decorate the territory. If your plot is rectangular, after evaluating the free area outside it, break a flowering flower bed, and if you have a narrow elongated plot at your disposal, use a neatly trimmed thuja or barberry hedge to decorate it from the street side.

Important! If you plan to organize an open area for car entry on the site, refuse to plant fruit trees near this place.

The front area is good place for breakdown blooming flower bed or other intricate landscape composition. If you are zoning a small area, the narrow passage that remains free after organizing the entrance zone can be decorated by planting blooming ivy or climbing roses along the fence.

Residential area - a fundamental element of the site

The main object of building a land plot is a house, and therefore, the planning of a summer cottage begins with the definition of a residential area and, based on this, the subsequent breakdown of the territory is carried out. If you are zoning a summer cottage of 8 acres, the territory of which the owners prefer to use for growing fruits and vegetables, it is advisable to place a residential building near the fence. If the territory of the site is originally intended for recreation and the creation of picturesque landscape paintings, residential buildings are located in accordance with the design project.

Important! When planning the location of the house on the site, consider the size and orientation of the shadow cast on the flower beds and the garden area, and choose a place for it so as not to obscure light-loving plants.

Rest zone

There are no special requirements for the layout of a recreation area that carries a lower functional load - it is carried out in accordance with the capabilities and desires of the owner. In most cases, the territory of the recreation area is equipped with:

gazebo;
Terrace;
Barbecue area;
Patio.

If you are zoning a summer cottage of 20 acres, the area allocated for a recreation area should not exceed 15% of total area site. This will be enough even to accommodate everything you need even on small area 6-8 acres.

In the process of developing a recreation area project, it is necessary to take into account several rules, thanks to which you can make it as convenient and functional as possible.

Rule #1: To make the recreation area as comfortable as possible, it must be organized in such a way that it has a connection with the house. This must be done in order to make family gatherings and friendly meetings as convenient as possible;
Rule #2: To create a comfortable and secluded environment in the recreation area, it is recommended to place it behind the house, preferably away from the entrance. This rule is especially true for sites located within the city;
Rule #3: When choosing an area for a recreation area, evaluate the beauty of your site, and plan it in such a way that you can contemplate the best views when you are in the gazebo or patio.

garden area

In most cases, most of the territory of the site, namely 75%, is allocated for the garden zone. Regardless of the size of the plot, the most illuminated area is allocated for the garden zone, while it is important to consider that for large fruit trees it is preferable to choose the north side. The garden and vegetable garden are recommended to be located as far as possible from the recreation area, however, in the process of zoning a summer cottage of 6 acres, this will be problematic. The breakdown of a modular garden with beds will help to get out of this situation. various shapes, which, in addition to its direct purpose, will perform a decorative function. Paths between beds ornamental garden must have solid paving. Fruit trees will also be a good addition to this composition, and shrubs (raspberries, gooseberries) can be used as hedges, trellises and pergolas.

Economic zone

In the process of zoning a site, it is also necessary to pay due attention to the economic zone and, if possible, place it next to the territories allocated for horticultural plantings. As a rule, it includes:

greenhouse;
bath;
Garage;
Barn.

In the process of organizing a business zone, experts recommend focusing on practicality and abandoning the aesthetic green lawn in favor of paved paths and playgrounds. In view of the fact that it is almost impossible to hide outbuildings on a small plot of 6-8 acres, it is necessary to think in advance about the possibilities of decorating it with the help of climbing plants. In the process of zoning a plot of 15-20 acres at this stage, there will be fewer difficulties, since the economic zone, in the absence of a lack of free space, can be limited to trellises entwined with clematis, grapes or climbing roses.

Methods for zoning summer cottages

There are a number of common zoning techniques for a summer cottage, using which you can make the site as convenient and beautiful as possible. Let's consider them in more detail.

Hedges

By planting shrubs and trees on the demarcation line on the territory of the site, you can not only make the zoning aesthetic, but also save space. Depending on the purpose, hedges are divided into several types:

Open or low hedges, reminiscent of low green fences made of juniper, thuja or boxwood. They are organized if there is no need for a closed fence;

Solid wall hedges, reaching a height of 1.5 to 2 m. They can be either sheared or free type and perform the function of a fence between the decorative and economic zones. For their organization, compact shrubs (steppe almonds, Japanese quince), high flowering plants(dahlias) and fast-growing perennials (sunflower, blackthorn). By planting these plants, you will form fences in the second year after planting them.

Elevation zoning

Deepening or lifting dacha territory separate sections, you can organize a cascading flower garden, a gazebo or wood flooring near the pool.

"The Drowned Garden" , once popular in medieval England, and today has become popular in central Russia, will allow you to create a special “cozy” microclimate on the site. This idea involves the organization of a decorative waterfall, located several levels below the level of the main area.

Zoning the site with arches and trellises

Having arranged said structures on the territory of the site, you will not only zoning the territory, but also protect it from winds and noise. arches - a great opportunity organize a shady area for recreation and planting shade-loving plants.

Landscape designers offer to decorate arches and trellises with climbing plants:

Perennial vines ( climbing roses, clematis);
Annuals (beans, nasturtium);
Fruit plants (grapes, actinidia, lemongrass).

Planning and laying out a summer cottage is a big creative process that will require you not only to have certain knowledge, but also to connect your own imagination. Wherein knowledgeable people it is recommended to follow the advice of specialists who will help to complete all the work, as a result, each square meter of the territory will be beneficial and delight with beauty and comfort every day. How the layout of the suburban area is carried out with our own hands, we will consider in detail step by step.

Preparatory work

Before proceeding with the preparation of a future site plan, it is necessary to determine the terrain itself, the nature of the relief, the forms of the land plot, the presence of any buildings, as well as other features of the area. For example, in countryside a large number of streams and reservoirs, if one is present on your site, then you can properly use it.

Pay attention to several features of the placement of the cottage:

lowland - upland;
the presence or absence of a water source;
wooded area - steppe.

Quite often, you have to add or remove soil, make blind areas for walls, and also make organized drains. Only with proper placement of buildings on the site, it is possible to use the summer cottage to the maximum and select all zones.

In order for all the preparatory work to be done correctly, it is best to assess the space and start from the ground.

Relief: hilly, flat, the presence of ravines or mountains. It is from this indicator that the schemes for laying engineering communications will depend.
Soil: clayey, humus, sandy. If you plan to equip a garden, then you should increase the fertility of the soil by fertilizing. The set of plants for the garden and flower beds will depend on the acidity index.
The shape and size of the territory: square, rectangular and elongated.
Ground water: when enough high level Consideration should also be given to drainage.
Climatic conditions.
Illumination.

All large buildings and trees are best oriented in north side. This approach will reduce the influence of the shadow, and the view from the house will be as illuminated as possible throughout the day.

Zones on the territory of the cottage

The layout of the suburban area depends precisely on the zones that will be included here. Each individual case will have its own list, but you can consider the largest example and a list of zones:

residential;
recreation;
outbuildings;
garden.

Each of them should have its own area depending on the total area. So, with proper zoning, the residential part should be up to 20%. If it is planned to build outbuildings, then this percentage should not exceed 15%. At the same time the most large plot allocated to the garden and garden - 75%. This approach will diversify landscape design and fill it with the most diverse varieties of flowers and plant species.

The house is placed first. Most often, the central zone is allocated for it, but the buildings are most often located somewhere in the depths. Interestingly and in an original way, they can be masked with the help of decorative plantings that are not afraid of shadows.
A place to rest should be the most comfortable and best. In this case, the nature of the zone can be arranged or scattered. Here you should not forget about the place for the playground.
The garden should be well lit, so it has a sunny side. The shadow from the buildings should not obscure the territory.

Plot shapes

Options for planning a summer cottage can be very diverse, but almost everything will depend on the shape of the land. The most common area type is rectangular shape, on which it is realistic to implement a wide variety of solutions and undertakings. There is also an L-shaped type of plot. It is quite complex, so here you will need to think and think about where and how to place everything. The part that protrudes can be used as a place for recreation or a playground.

On a triangular-shaped site, an asymmetric approach can be considered when planning and laying out the territory. Focus should be on round elements:

lawns;
reservoirs;

In remote corners, it is best to place outbuildings.

Planning is a creative business. Experts advise to consider the most variety of options, but do not copy them completely, but make some changes.

After they have been identified important points and various layout options have been studied, it is necessary to sketch everything on a piece of paper. You can seek help from specialists, landscape designers who use special programs for project development. But to save money, an ordinary sheet of A4 paper and a pen (pencil) will be enough.

To sketch the plan, consider an example - a summer cottage of 10 acres. It is best if you take a scale of 1:100 and a sheet of drawing paper of the appropriate size - a square of 50 × 50 cm. For convenience, it is better to arm yourself with a pencil and a ruler to line the entire sheet into a grid in 1 cm increments. Next is a flight of fancy: arm yourself with colored pencils, clippings from magazines and felt-tip pens, with which you can create a real collage.

When working with the scheme, it is necessary to take into account:

the location of the house, taking into account all exits;
places reserved for utility and auxiliary buildings;
rest zone;
playground;
tracks;
fence;
flower beds, rock gardens and front gardens;
reservoirs;
engineering Communication.

When placing objects in advance, it is necessary to select the optimal place that will correspond to the purpose.

So, as already mentioned, the main elements of the following categories should be placed on the site first of all:

base - house;
additional buildings and outbuildings: summer kitchen, garage, well, barn, cellar and others;
recreation facilities: terrace, patio, gazebo, playground, swimming pool and outdoor shower;
garden and vegetable garden: flower beds, front gardens, beds for vegetables and root crops, greenhouses.

It is important to pay attention not only to their placement and shape, but also to decide on the materials that will be used in construction. Only in this case, the site will be harmonious garden style. The playground is no less important: when choosing a place, you should choose the most visible area so that the kids are always under the visual control of their parents.

We also take into account the requirements in the legislation regarding the norms of distances:

from the house to the red line of the street - 5 m;
from the house to the neighbor's fence - 3 m;
between houses made of stone - 6 m, wood - 15 m, mixed - 10 m;
from the fence for the garden house - 3 m, buildings for animals - 4 m, outbuildings - 1 m, trees - 4 m;
from the windows of the house to the household of the neighbor - 6 m.

At the end of the article are the most different examples finished projects suburban area plans. Check them out and draw your own conclusions.

Plot of 12 acres

A garden area of 12 acres will allow placing more objects and allocating additional space for recreation areas in comparison with the previous option. In this case, the layout will be distributed as follows:

House with a spacious veranda - 150 m2.
Household part 50 m 2 .
Recreation area and playground - 200 m2.
Garden and greenhouse - 200 m 2.
Garden plot - 550 m 2.
Paths and paths - 50 m 2.

The principle of placement of buildings will be similar to the option of a plot of 6 acres, but in this case there is an additional opportunity for the implementation of various landscaping ideas. So, a large number of not only fruit trees and shrubs, but also decorative ones are connected. They can be planted around each object, as well as along the paths.

In addition, additional square meters allocated to the recreation area, will allow you to build a gazebo, swimming pool, barbecue. It is very important to consider decorative lighting here, which will make it possible to spend time in the evening.

Plot of 15 acres

First of all, we note that 15 acres is as much as 1500 m 2 of free territory, on which a wide variety of landscape combinations can be realized. Most often, the site has the shape of a rectangle 30 × 50 m, or 25 × 60 m. There is enough space to include everything necessary for a comfortable and functional living not only in summer, but also in winter.

Residential building with an attic and a veranda - 200 m 2.
Summer kitchen- 30 m 2.
Guest house - 50 m 2.
Bath - 50 m 2.
Outbuildings - 70 m 2.
Garage with car access - 30 m 2 .
The recreation area includes a gazebo, a playground, a barbecue and picnic area, as well as benches around the territory - 300 m 2.
Decorative structures (fountain, artificial or natural reservoir, garden bridge, stone sculptures) - 100 m 2.
Garden - 200 m 2.
Flowerbeds and mixborders - 70 m 2.
Garden - 400 m2.

There are no special recommendations for such a site, so pay attention to the first and second options. Everyone will be able to implement any idea here, and even more than one - it is enough to rationally weigh and develop everything so that everything fits and harmonizes very well with each other.

A country house should be surrounded by greenery, so this stage is given a lot of time and effort. A large number of flower beds are planned and laid out, and a large front garden is being built in front of the house.

When developing a plan for your summer cottage on your own, you need to take into account many nuances and points that will help you do all the work correctly and rationally. Take note of the recommendations and tips in the article, and also check out the sketches of site plans. As a result, it will be possible to create a summer cottage of your dreams, where it will be comfortable to spend all seasons, regardless of weather conditions.

Video

Lots of great tips in the following video:

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