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Daffodils spread from China around the world as ornamental plants and became especially popular in Russia. They are able to grow both in apartments and houses, and in the garden in summer cottages. Cultivation of plants is quite specific and requires certain conditions. To do this, you need to know how to grow daffodils, and be able to apply knowledge in practice, as well as properly care for plantings.

How to grow daffodils outdoors

Location selection

Daffodils prefer areas without drafts. In the presence of close-lying groundwater, it is mandatory to drainage system. Plants require adequately lit areas, but the direct rays of the sun can destroy them. In this regard, the plot should be slightly shaded.

Growing daffodils

The soil must be moisture-resistant and have a high degree aeration. The acidity level should not exceed 7. Daffodils are able to develop normally next to other bulbous plants, however, these crops are not suitable as predecessors due to the presence of common infectious diseases.

Soil preparation

The best types of soil for daffodils are sandy loam and loam. Excessively heavy soils can be lightened with peat, which is applied in the volume of half a bucket to each square meter site. After that, the plot is dug up and its surface is leveled. At the same time, it is recommended to saturate the soil with complex mineral fertilizers.

If the existing soil does not meet the stated requirements for daffodils, it can be independently made more suitable for this crop. Yes, on chernozem soils make milled straw and river sand in a ratio of 2:1. On the clay soils the land is improved with peat and sand, and special fertilizers are used on sandstones, as well as black soil. In acidified areas, liming is carried out, using for this purpose wood ash or lime.

wood ash

Daffodils are best and most conveniently cultivated on elevated furrows. To ensure the presence of such beds, it is required to prepare a soil mixture, which includes the following components:

peat bog;
chernozem;
river sand.

To the mixture is added rotted manure, which has already lain down for at least 5 years.

Important! Fresh manure is not used, it can burn the roots of plants.

On the basis of the formed mixture, beds of the required height are poured, or the mixture is poured into special pallets knocked together from boards. For each square meter of such soil, one tablespoon of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is applied.

Planting material preparation

For planting, only the best and fully formed bulbs are used, which are characterized correct form and with a diameter of 6 cm. All substandard specimens, as well as sick and injured ones, are rejected. Selected bulbs are placed in a cloth bag with perlite for better preservation. Immediately before planting, planting material is treated with fungicides.

Fungicide

Daffodils: growing with bulbs

Depending on the weather and climatic conditions in the region of cultivation, the procedure is carried out in August-October. Bulbs need about a month to form enough root system. During this month, plants should not be exposed to negative temperatures.

Bulb planting depth varies from 13 cm in heavy soils in warm climates to 26 cm in cold conditions on light soils. Freezing of the soil should not touch the planting material, as well as ground water should not touch the bulbs. To facilitate the maintenance procedures, the row spacing is left equal to half a meter.

Important: for the formation of children with a larger size, the bulbs are planted closer to each other and embedded in the soil at a shallower depth.

To protect against freezing, mulching materials are used: peat mixed with straw and humus. Upon the onset of the first negative temperatures, the plantations are additionally covered with dried grass or straw. When spring arrives, mulch and shelter should be removed as soon as possible before they cause rot.

How to grow daffodils from seeds

Narcissus is planted from seeds either when propagating wild specimens, or in selective breeding to plant the resulting hybrids. Seeds are placed in pre-prepared containers and grown at a temperature of about + 20C. After two weeks of cultivation of seedlings, the temperature is gradually lowered to + 15C.

Additional information: this method differs in duration, since seed plants it is necessary to grow about 2-3 years before the start of their full development.

Daffodils: cultivation and care

Watering and temperature

It is possible to obtain high-quality plantings of daffodils only if they are provided with full-fledged growing conditions. Irrigation is most important for plants during dry periods. The need for moisture remains relevant as long as the aerial part of the plants still exists. When the flowering phase stops, watering will allow the plantings to accumulate as many nutrients as possible. If there is no mulch on the plot, then after each irrigation, the soil is loosened and weeds are removed.

The beginning of the flowering phase and its duration are largely determined by temperature regime soil and air. Optimal values of these indicators for the full growth of daffodils:

+10 °С for soil;
+15 °С for air.

top dressing

During the budding period, plants are fed with complex mineral preparations. To do this, one teaspoon of potassium sulfate, superphosphate and urea is poured into a 10-liter container with water and everything is thoroughly mixed. For each square meter of plantings, 5 liters of the prepared solution are applied.

Blooming daffodils are fed with a mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium substances. For this purpose, 1 teaspoon of nitroammophoska and 2 of Agricola are diluted in 10 liters of water.

In rainy conditions, it is allowed to carry out one dressing in early spring with dry preparations. To do this, one tablespoon of wood ash is added per 1 m2, as well as one teaspoon of the following preparations:

superphosphate;
potassium sulfate;
carbamide.

Urea (urea)

Protection from pests and diseases

The most dangerous diseases for daffodils are various rot and fusarium. Plants are affected by pests such as:

onion and tuberculate hoverflies;
slugs
daffodil fly;
root or onion mite;
nematode.

In the spring, before bud formation, plantings are treated with appropriate insecticides and acaricides. In this case, it is necessary to strictly follow the instructions for use, trying not to exceed the concentration. When flowering is completed, the plants are sprayed with the following substances:

copper sulfate (100 g of the drug per 10 liters of water, 200 ml of working fluid per square meter);
Hom (40 g / 10 l of water, the consumption rate is the same as in the previous case).

blue vitriol

How do daffodils reproduce?

As is the case with most cultivated plants, the reproduction of daffodils involves two main methods: vegetative and seed.

Vegetative way

This method involves the use of bulbs. Mother bulbs must be dug out along with 3-4 daughter bulbs formed during the growing season. Planting material is thoroughly cleaned, removing wilted particles. After that, samples affected by diseases or having received significant mechanical injuries are discarded from the total mass. The rest healthy bulbs remove the husk and wash them in clean water.

Following this, the planting material is placed in a container with a solution of potassium permanganate for disinfection for half an hour. After the specified period of time, the bulbs are ready for reproduction. From the parent specimen, first, those samples are separated that fall off on their own without additional effort. Then comes the turn of the remaining bulbs, which are more tightly attached. The resulting divisions are determined in a shaded room for drying, and then stored in a place where a constant temperature is maintained at + 17C.

Please note: bulbs should not be stored too long, as over time they lose the moisture necessary for rooting and germination. The optimal storage period for planting material is two months.

The vegetative method is always used when propagating varietal plantings of daffodils. It allows you to save in the offspring those features and properties that are inherent in the variety.

seed way

To implement this method, you should collect the seeds in the summer or late autumn and immediately, without letting them dry out, proceed to planting them. For this purpose, the seeds are buried in open ground or into the soil mixture of a special box to a depth equal to the diameter of the seed in three times the size. During the first two years of cultivation, the plants are not disturbed, allowing them to fully grow and strengthen. In the third year, plantings are transplanted to permanent place growth. Flowering of daffodils grown in this way usually occurs in the third or fourth year.

The negative side of this method is too strong splitting of traits in hereditary plants. It does not allow attributes to be passed to new instances. mother plant and therefore suitable for breeding only wild plants. It is necessary to know exactly what narcissus seeds look like, because these small black dots are often confused with other seeds.

narcissus seeds

Features of the cultivation of daffodils in a pot

Pot selection

The width of the container for domestic daffodils should vary from 10 to 14 cm, while the height should be about 15 cm. The best option are pots made of ceramic or clay. 2-4 bulbs are planted in such a container, depending on their size and variety.

At the bottom of the pot, several through holes are made. They are required in order to excess moisture could flow out through them instead of stagnation in the tank, causing putrefactive processes.

Planting daffodils

The landing date depends on varietal features plants. However, planting in early September allows daffodils to start flowering by winter. If the bulbs are planted in late November - early December, then flowering plants will be received by March 8th.

flower narcissus

The bottom of the tank is strewn with small pebbles, pebbles and other drainage material with a layer three fingers high. The rest of the pot space is filled with a special soil mixture. Bulbs are planted, slightly deepening them into the ground. Their tops should stick out a little above the edges of the vessel.

Immediately after planting, moderate watering is carried out. Capacities for speedy rooting are moved to a darkened room, the temperature in which varies between + 3 ... + 8 ° С, and left there for three months, after which they are returned back. During this period, plantings should be ventilated, but without drafts. Further care is typical of all narcissists.

By knowing how to grow daffodils, you can easily get good plantings. For a long period of time, they will delight gardeners and flower growers with colorful flowers.

Daffodils are among the most ancient cultivated plants, which people bred for beauty near their homes. Since then, when the elegance and irresistibility of these early flowers were appreciated, almost 30 thousand varieties and hybrids of the most fantastic shapes and unexpected colors have been bred. Now daffodils, the cultivation and care of which do not require any special knowledge and effort, grow in almost every garden, in a country front garden, in a city flower bed and a balcony flowerpot. And daffodils lend themselves perfectly to distillation and in elegant containers are the most charming living gifts for the March holidays. These flowers are excellent cut and in single compositions, in bouquets with other spring flowers. We will not sing about the beauty of daffodils and tell the legend of a narcissist, but simply provide information about growing this flower at home.

Types and varieties of daffodils for growing at home

In nature, about 60 species of daffodil flowers are known. About 30 thousand varieties of daffodils are known, and the work of breeders does not stop there (examples in the photo below, or on the video on the Internet). There are such types of daffodil plants:

terry - with a terry crown and / or perianth, one of the most beloved by gardeners; flowers solitary, or 2-3 per peduncle;
large-crowned - the crown of the flower is more than 1/3 of the length of the perianth; solitary flower on a peduncle. Large-crowned daffodils of the most diverse colors;
small-crowned - the crown of the flower is less than 1/3 of the length of the perianth, also one flower on the peduncle; cut-crowned - the crown is divided; there is also one flower on the peduncle;
tubular - the length of the tube and perianth is approximately the same; a single flower on a peduncle; triandrus - perianth lobes slightly bent back; several flowers on the peduncle;
cyclamenoid - perianth lobes strongly curved back; jonquiliate - on the peduncle there are several yellow flowers with a strong aroma.

Breeders constantly bring out more and more new varieties, experimenting not only with the shape of the flower, but also with its colors. Previously, daffodil flowers were either white or yellow, although there were a lot of shades - lemon, cream, etc.

Choosing a container for planting narcissus at home

Choose a pot between 15.2 to 20.3 cm in diameter and 30.5 cm deep with drainage holes and drainage tray. The deep pot will give the roots plenty of room to grow.

Use a smaller pot if you plan on growing miniature daffodils. 15.2 cm depth should be sufficient.

Soil for planting daffodils at home

In flower shops you can buy special soil for daffodils. However, this plant will take root well in the usual garden soil. To make daffodils bloom better, it is recommended to add a little sawdust to the ground, river sand or clay. The earth should be soft and crumbly. If there are breasts in the soil, and the particles of the earth begin to stick together, the soil will not receive enough oxygen, which will lead to the defeat of the plant by fungal diseases. It is recommended to fertilize the soil with minerals or wood ash.

How to plant a daffodil at home

We have already figured out the choice of capacity and soil, now we will decide how to plant daffodils correctly. At the bottom of the pot, it is necessary to place drainage (small pebbles, pebbles) with a layer of about three fingers. This will serve for better oxygen circulation and the possibility of removing excess water when watering. Next, the container is filled to the brim with soil. Bulbs are placed on top and slightly pressed into the ground. Top part planting material should look a little over the edge of the pot.

The number of bulbs placed in a pot depends on its size. For example, three bulbs 10-11 cm in size can be placed in a container with a diameter of 9 cm. In no case should the bulbs be allowed to stick together. After planting, the soil is watered. You do not need to fill the pot, otherwise the planting material will rot or start to hurt. In order for the bulbs to take root, the containers are placed in a cool (from +8 to +3 degrees), dark place for three months. Then they are taken to the room. Bulbs of the Ziva and Paper varieties do not need a preliminary cold period, they can be placed on the windowsill immediately after planting.

Planting time depends on the desired flowering period: if it is necessary for the plant to bloom by winter, it is planted in early September, if by spring - in late November or early December. In order not to miscalculate, read the description of the variety, how much time the plant needs to take root and prepare for flowering.

Caring for daffodils at home

Caring for daffodils is easy. This flower is shade-tolerant, but the buds bloom better in the sun. He also does not like dry indoor air, so put it away from the batteries and place a vessel with water next to it to humidify the air in the room. It is necessary to fertilize the flower during the formation of buds. But when the flowers bloom, in order to prolong their flowering, it is necessary to transfer the daffodils in pots to a cooler room, for example, to a loggia. In such a cool room, daffodils can bloom for 2-3 weeks. After the bulbs of daffodils have faded in a pot, you can continue to care for them: water them a little and you can feed them with liquid mineral fertilizers intended for indoor flowers. And when the leaves dry completely, you need to remove the bulb from the pot and plant it in the garden in the fall. Such bulbs of daffodils are no longer suitable for re-forcing at home. But on the street they can still please you with their wonderful flowering.

Daffodils reproduce by children (daughter bulbs) and seeds that are sown in autumn.

Most often, daffodils are affected by fungi and viral diseases. Gray rot, fusarium can be brought along with low-quality planting material. Therefore, when buying bulbs, you should carefully examine them and buy only healthy ones. In order to prevent infection by fungi, before storing the bulbs, they must be treated with fungicides. In order to prevent infection of daffodils with viral diseases, it is necessary to regularly inspect and destroy diseased plants.

Who can't love these wonderful spring flowers? It seems to many that they can only grow in the garden, but this is not entirely true. Daffodils can also be grown indoors. At the same time, for the New Year celebrations, they form a real flower garden, and they will delight your eyes with their beautiful flowers from December to April. With all their merits, these ornamental plants are unpretentious in their care and smell wonderful.

Read this article:

How to grow daffodils in a pot?

Daffodils prefer a warm place. Place the plant pot near the west or east windows. And in winter time it is better to rearrange the daffodil to the south side.

First you need to select the bulbs for planting. For growing them in a pot, healthy adult bulbs of large size are most suitable. Plant them in small pots between August and September so they don't have time to take root before frost. Rooting of the bulbs takes about 20 days. If the plant is planted in the spring, it will develop poorly, and you can not wait for flowering this season.

If you want to receive beautiful composition, plant the onions in a pot in a checkerboard pattern and at different depths.

How to grow daffodils at home?

First, the plant must be planted and watered, and then the pot should be placed in a dark, cool place. Make sure that the temperature in this room does not rise more than five to seven degrees. When the first sprouts begin to appear, move the plant to a room with a warmer temperature and brighter lighting. Increase the temperature in the room gradually and bring it up to 18 degrees. However, after the appearance of the first flowers, the temperature in the room should be lowered again, thereby increasing the duration of flowering. At the same time, daffodils do not tolerate drafts and sudden changes in temperature, so it should be lowered or increased gradually.

Features of caring for daffodils at home.

After the bulbs stop blooming, they can be planted in the garden or thrown out. Forcing daffodils into room conditions can be produced subject to the purchase of bulbs in specialized stores.

Any garden soil is suitable for growing daffodils. It should be sufficiently moistened, but without stagnant moisture. Water plants only with water. room temperature. During the growing season, the daffodil should be watered regularly, but refrain from spraying. Feed the narcissus with mineral fertilizers from the beginning of the formation of buds.

These flowers reproduce by baby bulbs. If the plant has grown too tall, set up a support for it.

Daffodils belong to the genus of perennials. bulbous plants from the Amaryllis family. This is one of the earliest spring flowers. The dark green leaves of the daffodil vary in length and width, depending on the plant variety. One of the features of the narcissus bulb is the presence of two renewal buds, which are at different stages of development. The elongated pear-shaped bulbs are covered with a brown dense skin. The roots of daffodils live for 10-11 months, and then die off, they grow most intensively in autumn. The flowers of daffodils are both simple and terry, yellow, white or two-tone crown color. The recently appeared daffodils with a pink crown are very beautiful. They are located on flower stalks without leaves. Cutting the peduncle does not cause any harm to the bulb itself due to the fact that there are no leaves on the peduncles .. Now more than thirty thousand varieties of narcissus are known.

Most popular variety daffodils for forcing at home is a paper daffodil with many snow-white flowers on one peduncle. In addition, how indoor plant grow early-flowering varieties of daffodils "Fortune", "Yellow sun", "Magnet". Domestic daffodils can bloom from December to March.

How to grow daffodils at home?

Narcissus is more often garden flower, but you can do it in a pot at home on a windowsill or balcony. Forcing bulbs should be large and healthy. In September, daffodil bulbs are planted in low pots of 2-4 pieces, or denser, but the bulbs should not touch each other. Earth suitable garden mixed with sand or sawdust. At the bottom of the pot, be sure to lay a layer of drainage. Bulbs should be half covered with earth. Keep them for about 12 weeks in a dark room at a temperature of about 10 degrees. Watering at this time should be very moderate. As soon as the first sprouts appear, the pots are transferred to a bright place with a temperature of about 16 degrees. Watering the plant is now better room water into the tray. After the end of flowering, watering is reduced, and when the leaves turn yellow, then watering is generally stopped.

Care for daffodils

Daffodils reproduce by children (daughter bulbs) and seeds that are sown in autumn.

Most often, daffodils are affected by fungi and viral diseases. Gray rot, fusarium can be brought along with poor-quality planting material. Therefore, when buying bulbs, you should carefully examine them and buy only healthy ones. In order to prevent infection by fungi, before storing the bulbs, they must be treated with fungicides. In order to prevent infection of daffodils with viral diseases, it is necessary to regularly inspect and destroy diseased plants.

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