Organization and technology of the construction process of painting works. High quality painting Simple wall painting scope of work

1. Routing designed for painting internal plastered and concrete surfaces of industrial, administrative and household buildings in engineering and laboratory buildings with water-based paints: VA-17, VA-27, VA-27A, VA-27p.g., EKCh-26 and EKCh-26A. 2. To start production painting works plastering and facing works, surfaces to be painted were dried, plumbing systems were pressure tested, electrical work was completed, permanent heating and lighting were put into operation. 3. Before painting, plastered surfaces must have a moisture content of no more than 8%, damp places, efflorescence, all defects must be corrected, and the causes that caused their appearance eliminated. The air temperature, measured at a height of 0.5 m from the floor, during the decoration of the premises should not be lower than + 8 ° С. 4. Surfaces to be painted with water-based paints should not have defects and deviations that exceed the design position (Table 1).

2. Polyvinyl acetate water-based paints VA-17, VA-27 and VA-27 p.g. are suspensions of pigment and filler in a plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion with an emulsifier, stabilizer and other additives. 3. Water-based paints, with the exception of paint VA-27p.g., are resistant to freezing (up to -40°C) and thawing. VA-17 paint is intended for exterior and internal works; VA-27A, VA-27 - for interior work; VA-27p.g. - for fire-resistant paints. Hiding power paint - this is the amount of paint in grams, spent on staining a unit area without a gap in the lower layer - 120-220 g / cm. The duration of complete drying at a temperature of + 18-22 ° C is 2 hours. The viscosity according to the V-4 viscometer is 80 s. 4. Styrene-butadiene water-based paints EKCh-26A and EKCh-26 are suspensions of pigment and filler in styrene-butadiene latex with the addition of an emulsifier and stabilizer. 5. Painting compositions are prepared and delivered to the object centrally, in a package. 6. Before application, the paint is thoroughly mixed and diluted with water to a viscosity of 40-45 s according to a viscometer. Water is added in small portions, thoroughly mixing the paint after each addition and checking the viscosity.

1. Preparation and painting internal surfaces water-based paints must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST. Preparation of surfaces of building structures for painting and wallpapering - according to GOST "Painting of surfaces of building structures indoors". 2. When preparing surfaces for painting with water-based paints, it is necessary to: clean the surface; prime the cleaned surface; fill cracks and sinks; clean and dust the surface; partially grease surface irregularities; sand the smudged areas. Lubrication of irregularities and their grinding should be carried out when preparing the surfaces of building structures for improved and high-quality painting. 3. Clean the surface and cracks on it from dust, dirt, splashes and streaks of the solution, grease stains and efflorescence with mechanical emery and non-emery wheels, scrapers, brushes, using vacuum cleaners. After cleaning, contaminated areas should be washed and dried. Grease stains should be treated with a 2% solution before washing with water. of hydrochloric acid. Efflorescence that has appeared on the surface - completely sweep away with brushes, rinse the places cleared of efflorescence and dry them to a moisture content of not more than 8%. Re-exposed efflorescence - sweep away without subsequent washing. 4. Surfaces prepared for painting with water-based paint and containing lime should be primed with an alum primer heated to 50-60°C. Surfaces not containing lime should be primed with a soap maker. Indelible stains should be primed after the surface has dried with a water-based or latex primer. 5. The primed surfaces must be homogeneous, in terms of their ability to absorb the liquid binder from the next layer, which is achieved the right choice primer composition. 6. Cracks on the surface of structures must be filled with fillers to a depth of at least 2 mm, and shells and irregularities must be filled and smoothed. It is recommended to use OKS, KLM, polymer cement and emulsion putties. 7. The puttied surfaces of the structures must be cleaned and sanded mechanized way using sanding paper. 8. When painting surfaces with water-based paint, the following technological operations should be performed: first priming; partial grease; grinding - greased places; first solid putty; grinding the first putty; second putty; grinding the second putty; second primer; the third primer with a highlight; coloring; cutting the painted surface. With simple painting, the surface is only painted. With improved surface coloring, the first priming, partial lubrication, grinding of lubricated areas, the second priming and painting are performed. With high-quality painting, all operations are performed, with the exception of cutting the painted surface, which is performed only in cases provided for by the project or agreed with the customer. 9. The first priming should be carried out with light paint, which is applied in an even layer with brushes, rollers or spray guns: without gaps and streaks. The composition of the first primer should be selected depending on the putty used. 10. Partial lubrication should be carried out after checking the primed surface with a putty that differs in color from the first priming. 11. Grind greased places using mechanical grinding wheels, followed by cleaning individual places with sanding paper, reinforced on a wooden grater, and dedusting the surface. 12. The first solid putty should be different in color from the first primer layer and the partial grease. 13. Putty compositions are applied to the plastered surfaces for the first time with wooden spatulas, the second with metal ones. The layers are smoothed in mutually perpendicular directions. 14. The putty composition is applied, and smoothes with the movements of the spatula in different directions(from bottom to top and top to bottom), while the spatula is held at an angle of 10 ° to the surface. The thickness of the layer is adjusted by hand pressure. When puttying, the edge of the spatula is applied 4-5 cm to the previously smoothed strip. Sand the putty only after it dries. 15. Grinding of the first solid putty should be carried out using mechanical grinding wheels, cleaning individual places with sanding paper and removing dust from the entire surface. 16. The second putty should be done with a putty that differs in color from the putty of the previous layer, followed by grinding and dedusting the surface. 17. Grinding should be done until the roughness and sags are completely smoothed out. After grinding, there should be no scratches and traces of grains of sand that fell under the grinding trowel. 18. Priming of puttied surfaces must be done with water-based paint intended for painting walls, diluted with water to a viscosity of 20-25 s according to the VZ-4 viscometer. Priming composition applied only to dry surfaces. 19. The second priming should be carried out with paint that has the color of the last coat of paint. 20. The third priming, carried out only with high-quality painting, is carried out similarly to the second priming. 21. Paint the surface with paint of a given color in an even layer without gaps and streaks using paint sprayers, rollers and brushes used for painting hard-to-reach places. 22. The surface should be painted with water-based paint diluted with water to a viscosity of 40-45 s according to VZ-4, 1-2 hours after applying the primer. 23. Coloring is carried out twice, and the second layer is applied after the first has completely dried.

1. The painting of surfaces with water-based paints is carried out by a link consisting of two painters: 3 ranks (M) and 2 ranks (M). 2. For painting surfaces with water-based paints, it is recommended to use tools and fixtures, a list of which is given in Table. 2. 3. The calculation of the costs of the pile and the schedule for the production of works for painting with water-based paint are compiled for 100 of the average surface and are given in Table. 3, 4. 4. Labor costs for individual technological operations are summarized in order to obtain the costs for the completed stage of the technological process. 5. Responsibilities between the members of the link are distributed as follows: cleaning, smoothing the surface, partial lubrication is performed by a painter of the 2nd category; jointing of cracks, partial greasing and grinding - painter of the 2nd category; continuous puttying and polishing is carried out by painters of the 3rd and 2nd category, priming and painting - by a painter of the 3rd category. 6. Cleaning of the surface is carried out by the painter M, who holds the scraper with both hands, standing at a distance of 0.8-1 m from the wall. The hardened splashes of the solution are removed by moving from the bottom up. Cleaning is carried out with a slight pressure on the scraper (scraper tilt to the surface 30°). When cleaning, the painter uses a long-handled scraper, a respirator, and goggles. 7. Expands the crack, painter M with a slight pressure on the edge of the spatula to a depth of 2 mm at an angle of 45 °. After embroidering with a herbal brush, it sweeps away dust from the surface. A metal spatula is used, a table - scaffolding. 8. With partial lubrication, the painter M applies putty to the surface with one hand rubber spatula and, lightly pressing it with the other hand, with transverse movements (in relation to cracks) fills the cracks with a putty composition. With repeated movements of the spatula, the painter levels the laid layer and compacts it. Lubrication of the upper part of the wall is made from inventory scaffolding tables. 9. Taking a grinding device in hand, the painter of the second category M grinds the greased places. At the same time, pressing the plate with sandpaper to the wall surface at an angle of 5-10°, moves it along the puttied surface from the bottom up until the surface becomes smooth. Grinding of hard-to-reach places is done manually with a sandpaper fixed in wooden box. As necessary, the painter sweeps dust from the surface. In addition, to perform this operation, a table is used - scaffolding, glasses, a respirator. 10. The first solid putty is done by a painter of the second category M. He puts putty with a narrow spatula on a wide one. Pressing a wide spatula to the surface at an angle of 45°, applies putty evenly up to 1 mm thick with hand movements in full swing from bottom to top. Painter of the third category M smoothes the putty layer wide spatula, tilting it at an angle of 60-70 ° to the wall surface. The removed excess putty is thrown into the box. Painters use wooden and metal spatulas, putty boxes, and scaffolding tables. 11. For grinding the puttied surface, a painter of the second category M, taking with both hands grinder and standing on a table - scaffolding, moves it in a horizontal direction and the upper part of the wall, producing rotational-translational movements. To perform this operation, the SO-55 machine, glasses, a respirator, and a scaffolding table are used. 12. When priming the surface, the painter of the third category M, holding the spray gun perpendicular to the wall (the distance from the nozzle to the wall surface is 25-30 cm), paints the surface vertical stripes. The painter performs all movements of the spray gun only with the movements of the body and the hand (but not the hand). On horizontal sections, the gun is turned off to prevent oversaturation of the top and bottom of the wall with paint. A spray gun, a paint pressure tank, hoses, goggles, a respirator are used for priming. 13. The painter of the third category M paints the surface. Then, taking out the roller, the painter rolls it over the grid once or twice, squeezing out excess paint. The roller is applied to the surface and, by slightly pressing the handle, paint it. Staining is carried out in two or three passes of the roller. Each subsequent pass should overlap the previous one by 3-4 cm. A foam roller, a table - scaffolding, a bath with a mesh are used to paint the surface.

1. Primer, putty and paint compositions are delivered to the place of work in insulated containers so that by the time of use their temperature is not lower than +18°C. Store such formulations in a dry and heated room. 2. Interior spaces must have glazed openings, be heated by a permanent heating system and have a temperature not lower than +10°C. 3. In winter period air temperature and relative humidity must be monitored daily; the air temperature should drop below +10°C, its relative humidity should not exceed 70%.

1. When performing painting work, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001 and SNiP 12-04-2002. 2. The worker performing surface cleaning, smoothing and grinding must wear goggles and a respirator. 3. In order to avoid excessive fogging when priming surfaces with a spray gun, the nozzle should be kept at a distance of no more than 25-30 cm so that the jet of the spray composition is perpendicular to the surface to be painted. 4. Paint pressure cups, before use, you must first test and test on hydraulic pressure, exceeding the working one by 1.5 times, about which an act is drawn up. 5. Inventory tables - scaffolds from which finishing work is carried out must have railings supplied with the scaffolds. 6. Safety rules for the production of work and recommendations for first aid in case of accidents should be posted at specially designated places.

Labor costs, man-hours 28.2 Output per worker per shift, m 28.3 Labor cost savings through the use of small-scale mechanization, % Up to 10 Paint and varnish materials savings, % 8-12

1. The need for basic materials and semi-finished products for painting 100 m 2 of the surface with water-based paints at operating costs is given in table. 5. 2. Material consumption rates for individual operations, given in table. 6 are given in accordance with the collection of production norms for the consumption of building materials for finishing work BM-7-72 (third edition, revised and supplemented).

Technology high quality dyeing surfaces with water-based compositions

Introduction

1. Tools and fixtures

2. Materials

3. Execution technology

4. Quality requirements

5. Organization of labor and workplace

6. Safety

List of used literature

Introduction

Painting surfaces with water-based compositions is the most popular type of surface finish. Its advantage is factors such as this species finishing is inexpensive, does not require very significant skills in its implementation. The materials by which these works are performed are environmentally friendly, fireproof. Does not cause bad smell, dries quickly. Durable enough.

high quality painting finish surfaces on present stage development finishing works is the most commonly used finish. Although there are three surface finishes in terms of finish quality, besides high quality finishes, there are also plain and advanced finishes. High quality is the most common. As the scope of its application is growing. Water-based compositions are used in almost all types of buildings: residential, industrial, shops, offices. which require high quality finishes. Whether a simple improved surface coloring can currently be applied only in utility room Water-based compositions paint plastered, concrete surfaces. As well as surfaces finished with sheets of dry plaster. Wall-paper structural intended under coloring.

It is impossible to improve the technology of painting works without mechanization of all technological processes, therefore, in the textbook, much attention is paid to the mechanisms used in the production of painting work for the preparation and application of various paint compositions, for heating and drying rooms. applied to building construction in the process of performing finishing work in accordance with the requirements of the project, the paint composition forms a paintwork. Painters carry out a covering on given out samples.

Coatings are classified according to a number of criteria.

By appointment: technical - protection of painted structures from corrosion, decay, moisture absorption, fire, action chemical substances etc.; sanitary - the creation of a proper sanitary condition in the premises, maintaining cleanliness in them; decorative - architectural and artistic decoration of a building, structure or its individual premises.

1. Tools, materials, fixtures

The lubricating spatula is designed for greasing small cracks. And also as an auxiliary spatula when large volumes surface patching. This spatula can be used as a scraper when cleaning the surface.

Flat paint brushes

Width of flat paint brushes: 25, 60, 62, 76 and 100 mm. Fleets are made from badger hair or high-quality bristles. Fastening metal frame, handle - wooden, short. Flutes are used mainly to smooth out traces of a fly brush or handbrake on a freshly applied paint composition. However, flutes can also be used for applying a paint composition.

Toppers(1) are either round or rectangular. Maklovits are made from semi-spinal bristles with the addition of up to 50% horsehair. Used for painting primer surfaces.

Handbrakes - small paint brushes with a wooden handle. Handbrake brushes are designed for painting with adhesive and oil paint compositions on small surfaces. Handbrake sizes Ø - 26, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 54 mm.

Flywheel paint brushes

Sizes of fly brushes: Ø - 60-65 mm, hair length - 100 mm. Used for surface priming.

Paint rollers

Work with paint rollers significantly increases the productivity of painting work. The paint roller absorbs more paint compound and covers more area in one pass. paint rollers can be painted and primed

Radiator brushes are equipped with an elongated, curved at the base handle. Used in painting works on hard-to-reach surfaces such as heating radiators They also produce special paint brushes - radiator ones.

A rubber spatula is used for filling and greasing small cracks and holes. These types of spatulas are also plastic.

Application of putty on large areas

A metal spatula is designed for applying putty on large areas.

Rolling out plastic is designed for rolling out the roller during painting or priming the surface.

The paint block is intended for sanding the surface.

The paint spray gun is designed for applying water-based paint compositions to the surface.

The table of the finisher is used to conduct painting work at height.

2. Materials

properties of building materials.

Painting or paintwork materials called compositions that are applied to the finished surface in liquid form, thin layers, and which form a thin protective film. Strongly adhering to the base. Painting materials have a number of properties characteristic of all building materials in general. But it is they who allow building materials protective resistance of the finished surface.

This physical properties(density. Porosity, water absorption, humidity, moisture loss, frost resistance, thermal conductivity, color, gloss, light resistance, weather resistance).

Mechanical properties (strength, elasticity, plasticity, brittleness, hardness, abrasion, elasticity). Chemical properties(acid resistance, alkali resistance, water resistance, oil resistance, corrosion resistance, toxicity)

Paint formulations include water and non-aqueous pigments and binders. In aqueous paint compositions, lime, cement, liquid glass, various adhesives, in non-aqueous - natural and artificial drying oils, synthetic resins, bitumen, etc. Binders determine the type paint coloring(adhesive, oil, synthetic) and its scope.

Adhesive compositions are usually painted walls and ceilings indoors with normal humidity. Synthetic, silicate, water-based paints are more versatile. They are used for finishing any kind of surfaces except metal. They reliably protect structures and products in conditions of variable temperature regime and exposure to aggressive environments.

After drying and hardening, the applied paint compositions form a protective film firmly adhered to the surface to be painted.

Classification of paint compositions

Painting compositions are classified according to the type of film-forming substance and the operating conditions of the coatings.

According to their purpose, the following types of paint compositions are distinguished in the coating: primers that ensure adhesion of the coating to the surface; putties and lubricating pastes that level the surface to be painted; paint compositions that give surfaces decorative, protective and technical properties.

The alphanumeric system for designating the main paint compositions consists of five groups of signs for paints, enamels, primers, fillers and four groups of signs for varnishes.

The first sign - the full word - denotes the composition group (paint, varnish, enamel, primer, putty).

The second character (two capital letters) shows the film-forming substance (kind of resin, copolymer, drying oil, etc.). If the composition includes a mixture of film-forming substances, then the second group of characters is designated by the type of film-forming substance that determines the main properties of this composition. Between the second and third groups, an index is placed that determines the type of paint composition (for water-based, water-borne, powder, organo-silicate, etc.): B - without active solvent, C - water-borne, OD - organodispersed, P - powder, E - emulsion.

The index from the second group of characters is separated by a hyphen.

Composition of paints

Pigments are one of constituent parts paints and enamels. The color depends on the type of pigment. paintwork, its hiding power, as well as resistance to atmospheric factors, chemical reagents And high temperatures. Pigments have certain color, since they are able to selectively reflect rays daylight. When a light beam falls on a pigment, part of the radiant energy is absorbed, and the rest is reflected, coloring the pigment in the color of the reflected rays.

Characteristics of water-based compositions

Water-based paints different colors are divided according to their purpose into 2 types: for external and internal work.

Water-based paints different colors for interior work

are a suspension of pigments and fillers in a plasticized polyvinyl acetate dispersion (emulsion) or styrene-butadiene latex. Designed for interior work on wood, plaster, cardboard, polyvinyl acetate dispersion (emulsion) or styrene-butadiene latex.

And also on old coatings oil paints, enamels, water-based.

Dilute paint before use tap water to viscosity according to the VZ viscometer - 4: 20 ... 25 s - when applied with a paint sprayer, 30 ... 40 s - when applied with a roller and 40 ... 50 s - when applied with a brush. - when applied with a roller and 40 ... 50 s - when applied with a brush. Paints are resistant - when applied with a roller and 40 ... 50 s - when applied with a brush. to freezing (up to 400C) and thawing. The paints are non-toxic and explosion-proof. Shelf life of paints is 6 months from the date of issue. For household needs, paints are packaged in containers from 0.5 to 3 liters. The main characteristics of these paints are indicated in the labels.

Improved coloring consists of nine operations

If there are no pulled cornices, then at the top of the walls (near the ceiling) a strip 100-150 mm wide is removed with a white color scheme and a line is beaten off with a chalked cord. A strip is drawn along this line with a primer and the walls are primed, and then painted in the same sequence.

Coloring can be simple, improved and high quality.

Simple painting includes five operations: cleaning the surface of dust and dirt, smoothing it with the end of the board, greasing defects, priming, painting and layering the panel.

Improved painting consists of nine operations: cleaning the surface, smoothing it with the end of the board, lubricating defects, priming, puttying individual rough places, grinding greased or puttied places, secondary priming, painting and drawing out the panel.

High-quality painting consists of fifteen operations: surface cleaning, smoothing it with the end of the board, lubrication of defects, priming, partial lubrication of individual defects, grinding them, the first solid putty, its grinding, secondary priming, puttying, grinding, the third primer with highlighting, painting, staining and pulling out the panel.

The primer is applied on completely dry surfaces and shaded well: with poor shading, stripes remain on the surface, spoiling the appearance of the color.

Ceiling painting. The repaired and dried ceiling is primed, dried, the color is prepared and the ceiling is painted with it.

First, the paint is applied across, then along, carefully shading it so that the stripes ("lases") applied with a brush are as long, smooth and thin as possible. With long “lasses”, there are fewer joints and a more even color. Elongated cornices and corners are especially carefully painted, where gaps are always possible. It is best to pre-paint such places with a small brush.

Wall painting. Repaired and dried walls are first primed, then painted. If a strip is allocated at the top of the walls with a white color scheme, then a straight line is beaten off along it with a chalked cord and a strip of 50-100 mm wide prepared for the wall is drawn along the ruler with a small brush, and then they start painting the walls with a large brush (painting - along the length of the walls, and shading - in height).

If necessary, a panel is made at the junction of two colors.

Staining of bindings and doors. First, pins, tars, knots are cut down to a depth of 2-3 mm and these places are dried. Putty is applied to the dried drying oil ( deep places lubricate it two or three times), grind it, oil it again and start painting the surface. If it is rough, then it is completely oiled, puttied, sanded, then primed and painted. The end sides of the wood (bars at the bindings and doors) should not be painted.

Painting plastered walls. First of all, they inspect the walls, repair and clean up defects, linseed, dry and paint the entire surface. If it is not clean enough, it is smeared in places or completely puttied, sanded, primed with putty and then painted.

It is necessary to paint the walls 2-3 times, and each subsequent layer of paint is applied to the well-dried previous one (preferably after 2-3 days). It is necessary to shade the paint as evenly as possible: on bars of bindings and doors, this is done along the fibers of the wood, on plastered walls - vertically.

Walls and doors can be painted with paints of any color, and bindings and slopes - better with whitewash.

Floor painting. For their coloring, red lead, ocher or paint specially manufactured by industry is used. Boards prepared for painting should be completely dry and clean. If the floors have dried out, they are rallied (re-layed) or inserted into the slots of the slats, strengthening them with nails or glue, and then planed.

The easy way. With this method, the floors are dried, defects are corrected, they are primed, sanded and, after drying, the first layer of paint is applied. The second layer is applied after 3 days, the third (if necessary) after 5. Dry the painted floors for at least a week. Then for 3-4 days they are washed daily. hot water to remove the protruding drying oil, preventing the soles of the shoes from sticking to the floor.

Improved way. It is possible only if the floor boards do not bend at all (do not walk) and fit tightly. Such a floor is planed, oiled, defects are eliminated, polished, again oiled, dried, completely puttied with semi-oil or oil putty (1-2 times), the putty is dried, sanded and painted the floor 3 times, thoroughly drying each applied layer. The dried floor is washed for 3-4 days with hot water.

high quality way. Includes the same operations as the improved one, with an additional sticker of fabric or gauze and puttying on it at least 2 times. After drying and drying, the floor is puttied, the fresh putty is covered with a thin cloth or gauze, tightly stretched and smoothed.

After drying, putty on fabric or gauze a second, and possibly a third time, sanded and painted 3 times.

For painting 1 m2 of the floor, it is required: with two-time application - 200 g of paint, three-time application - 250-280 g.