High-quality electrodes for inverter welding. Choosing electrodes for a welding inverter

In the process of choosing electrodes for welding, you need to pay attention to a number of the most important characteristics. Only by correctly selecting these devices, you can count on high quality and productivity of welding work. Therefore, it is recommended to approach the process of choosing welding electrodes as responsibly as possible.

The whole welding process depends on the quality of the electrode, therefore, when choosing electrodes, it is necessary to know the following conditions: physical continuity of the weld metal, operational strength, manufacturability of the electrodes, characteristics of the electrodes, and others.

Choosing the right electrode diameter for welding

One of the main characteristics of electrodes for welding is their diameter. When choosing a suitable value, you need to focus primarily on the thickness of the products to be welded, the metal grade, its chemical composition, the selected type of connection, the shape of the edges and other parameters. During the selection process, you can focus on the following data:

Scheme of the electrode for welding: 1 - rod; 2 - section of the transition; 3 - coating; 4 - contact end without coating; L is the length of the electrode; D is the coating diameter; d is the nominal diameter of the rod; l is the length of the end stripped from the coating.

1. Electrodes for welding with a diameter of 1 mm - used to work with products up to 1.5 mm thick. The current strength should not exceed 25 A.
2. Products with a thickness of 1.6 mm, in accordance with the regulations, are intended for welding alloyed and low-carbon steels. They can have a length of 20 or 25 cm. With their help, metals with a thickness of no more than 2 mm are boiled. Permissible current strength - 25-50 A.
3. Electrodes for welding with a thickness of 2 mm are available in a length of 25 cm, it can also be 30 cm. They are used when working with alloyed and low-carbon steels. Maximum allowable thickness metal is 2 mm, and the current strength is 70 A.
4. Products with a diameter of 2.5 mm are designed for welding alloyed and low-carbon steels. They can have a length of 25-30 cm, a length of 25 cm is allowed, elements up to 3 mm thick can be welded at a current strength of 70-100 A.
5. The most widely used are electrodes with a diameter of 3 mm. They are also used when working with alloyed and low-carbon steels. There are products with a length of 30, 35 and 45 cm. Metals up to 0.5 cm thick can be welded at a current strength of up to 140 A.
6. Products with a diameter of 4 mm are suitable for both household welding units and professional equipment. The length can be 35 and 45 cm. Suitable for any kind of steel. The main thing is that the thickness of the metal does not exceed 1 cm, and the current strength is 220 A.
7. Five-millimeter electrodes can only work in conjunction with equipment quite high power. Alloyed and low-carbon steels are welded with electrodes 45 cm long, and high-alloyed ones - 35 cm. The thickness of the elements can reach 1.5 cm, and the current strength is 280 A.
8. Professional equipment usually works with six-millimeter products. When working with alloyed and low-carbon steels, welding electrodes 45 cm long are used, and when welding high-alloy steels - 35 cm. They can cook at a current of up to 370 A.
9. high performance industrial equipment it is completed with welding electrodes with a diameter of 8-12 mm. Alloyed and low-carbon steels are welded with electrodes 45 cm long, while high-alloyed steels can be welded with 35 cm electrodes. They are used when working with metals thicker than 8 mm. The current strength can reach 450 A.

It is important to note the fact that the current strength range depends not only on the diameter of the electrode, but also on its brand. For example, a three-millimeter UONI 13/55 operates at a current of 70-100 A, and an MP-3, which has the same diameter, at 80-140 A.

Electrodes for different current modes

On the modern market equipment for welding is presented quite big choice various electrodes. And choosing the right type, you need to pay attention to a number of specific parameters. Among them, one of the most important is not only the diameter, but also the current mode with which the work will be carried out. It can be constant and variable.

Among the electrodes for operation on direct current, products of the brands MP-3, UONI 13/55, ANO-6, OZS-12, OZCH-12, TsL-11 and many others are most often used. If we compare them with other analogues, then the products of these brands are characterized by high operational properties and ease of use. Their main advantages include providing a stable arc and ease of re-ignition. Cooking with such electrodes allows you to get neat, even seams.

As for the electrodes for working on alternating current, they can be safely called a relic of the past. Previously, direct current was not very common due to the high cost of such work. In order to save money, I had to use alternating current and sacrifice quality. This was prompted by the fact that rectifier elements designed to work with high welding currents, until recently, were very bulky, had a low efficiency and were expensive.

However, with the advent of the first high-efficiency semiconductor rectifiers in a compact size, the situation has changed dramatically. And after inverters were created, almost everyone could afford manual arc welding. However, the alternating current did not disappear without a trace. The wealth of experience accumulated over decades of use and improvement of such devices has found its application in inverter welding.

Among the most popular electrodes used when working on alternating current, one can single out MR, ANO and OZS. They differ not only in chemical composition, but also in the type of coating. For example, ANO-6 and MP-3 have ilmenite and rutile coatings.

The remaining electrodes for operation on alternating current have a rutile coating. They can be used to weld low-alloy, low-carbon and carbon steels. The advantage of such welding electrodes is their versatility, which allows them to be used for both AC and DC.

Universal electrodes

1. Increased welding productivity.
2. Sufficiently high economy.
3. Low spatter.
4. Pretty good separation of the slag crust.
5. The ability to cook even contaminated, corroded, oxidized and wet metal with high quality.
6. Minimum requirements for the welding machine and operator.

In addition, such products provide a good and stable arc. They are equally well suited for long gap welding, short seam welding and spot tack welding.

Each type of electrode corresponds to a certain type of work.

If you plan to give your choice in favor of universal welding electrodes, then you first need to decide on the upcoming tasks and, based on this, choose and purchase electrodes of a particular brand. So, there are the following brands of universal electrodes:

1. ANO-6 and ANO-4. They are designed for welding mild steel.
2. Products of grades OZS (4,6,12), MP (3 and 3C) and ANO-21 are suitable for working with carbon steel.
3. If you have to cook low-alloy steel, then you should opt for universal electrodes of the OZS-6 and OZS-4 brands.

Universal electrodes cost a little and allow you to get welded joints very High Quality. This makes them very popular.

For example, such products have found their application not only in household welding work, but also in the laying of communications, construction, etc.

Electrodes for welding different materials

When choosing welding electrodes, be sure to take into account what kind of materials you will be welding. For example, for steel, the most popular products are the brands MR, UONI and OZS. They have performed very well. Such electrodes contribute to obtaining high-quality results and increasing productivity.

When working with products of these brands, you do not have to worry that hot cracks will appear, the bath will boil, material will splatter, overheating will appear at the welding site, etc. Each of these brands has its own characteristics that you need to know about. Features are as follows:

1. UONI electrodes are characterized by good slag separability and low metal spattering.
2. MP brand products are characterized by excellent welding and technological performance. They are easy to use, provide easy re-ignition of the arc and good slag separation, metal spatter is minimal, welding is carried out at low currents, the unit can be powered from an ordinary household electrical network, do not require high qualifications from the welder, are inexpensive, provide high quality even during operation with budget equipment.
3. OZS grade electrodes can even be used for melting oxidized metals. They create good appearance seams and self-removing slag crust.

Carbon steels are usually boiled using ANO grade products. They contribute to easy re-ignition of the arc, eliminate problems with the separation of the slag crust, and spatter the metal to a minimum.

OZL electrodes are suitable for cooking stainless steel. When used, a reliable seam of heat-resistant metal is formed. It is able to normally tolerate temperatures up to 1000 degrees. In addition, the seam is characterized by high resistance to intergranular corrosion. If there are no elevated temperatures during operation, then products of the TsL brand can also be used for cooking. They also provide a weld that is resistant to intergranular corrosion.

Cast iron is brewed using OZCH electrodes. They have a copper base containing iron powder. Thanks to this composition, a very strong seam with preservation of plastic properties and viscosity.

In addition to the types of electrodes mentioned, there are still a lot of different highly specialized varieties. But they are unlikely to be needed to perform household tasks, and an experienced welder who performs highly specialized work knows perfectly well what electrodes he needs.

Focusing on the above information and recommendations, you can easily select the highest quality electrodes that are suitable for solving your specific problems. Treat this event as responsibly as possible. Good luck choosing!

Welding is considered one of the most reliable ways to obtain a high-quality permanent metal joint. Electrodes are one of the main consumables used in this area. They are created in such a way as to correspond as much as possible to the metal with which they interact, so that a homogeneous mass is obtained as a result. But the material is far from the only parameter. The thickness is very important, on which the required power of the apparatus depends, as well as the depth of the welded part of the metal.

It is important not only to choose them correctly, but also to use them correctly. Here, not only the skill of the welder is required, since the correctly selected equipment mode also contributes to the success of the procedure. The experience of past generations has already helped to derive the basic data, how to choose the right parameters for a particular material and how the welding current depends on the electrode diameter. Now it is not at all necessary to independently calculate all the data, but you can simply refer to the calculations already made so as not to make mistakes during work.

Operation modes

The current strength when welding with an electrode is selected depending on many factors according to the specified mode. The mode includes the main indicators, which are determined by the initial data. You can define the desired shape of the seam, its size and quality. The more data, the higher the quality of work. The main parameters are:

• Electrode diameter;
• His brand;
• Position during operations;
• Strength and type of current;
• Polarity;
• The number of layers in a seam.

With a multilayer seam, the mode can change, as well as the diameter and other parameters. The initial data is taken from the electrodes, which, in turn, are selected for a certain brand of metal. If the general data contains values ​​only for the lower position, then there is nothing to worry about. At vertical position the number of amperes is reduced from the nominal by 10-20%, and with a ceiling - by 20-25%. This is due to the fact that the metal does not melt so quickly and does not drain from the seam. It is also worth noting that when ceiling welding maximum diameter is 4 mm. Welding current and electrode diameter have a directly proportional relationship here. Its genus is also determined immediately, as it is indicated in the technical data on the pack.

Current selection

The diameter of the consumables is selected according to the thickness of the part to be welded, not to mention the dimensions of the seam and the welding method. If it is necessary to weld a surface with a width of 3-5 mm, then the diameter should be chosen 3-4. Up to 8 mm wide, 5 electrodes are enough. For each of these positions, you need to choose your own number of amperes:

• The current when welding with a 3 mm electrode should lie in the range from 65 to 100 A. This variation depends on the metal and the selected position. To begin with, it is recommended to set the average value, in this case 80 A.
• The current strength when welding with a 4 mm electrode ranges from 120 to 200 A. This is one of the most common types of diameter that is used in industry, as it is suitable for working with both large and small seams.
• At 5 mm, a force of 160 to 250 A will be required, depending on the position and the type of metal chosen. This is a fairly massive consumable and the number of amperes here depends on the required penetration depth. To make a bathroom with a depth of more than 5 mm, the maximum full power will be required. For standard modes, a power of 200-220 A will be enough. For long-term work with such things, you should have a high-quality and reliable transformer of sufficient power.
• 6-8 mm electrodes need a minimum of 250 A, although for heavy work a value of 300-350 A may be required.

Welding current setting

"Note! Incorrect choice of the mode will lead to the fact that the metal will not be welded if the current is not enough, and if it is exceeded, the workpiece will be weeded.

It is worth noting that modern trend production of compact welding machines for home use makes more and more demand expendable materials 1 thick; 1.5; 2 mm. For such values, a force from 30 to 45 A is suitable, but at the same time, the adjustment on the device should be quite smooth, since even a small error can be critical here.

Correlation table of electrode and welding current

Current selection mode for welding standard butt joints:

Seam type	Diameter, mm	Current, A	The thickness of the metal on the workpiece, mm	Gap before welding, mm
1 sided		180	3
2-sided	4	220	5	1.5
2-sided	5	260	7-8	1.5-2
2-sided	6	330	10	2

You can also use the universal table for a wide range:

Workpiece thickness, mm	0,5	1-2	3	4-5	6-8	9-12	13-15	16
Electrode thickness, mm	1	1,5-2	3	3-4	4	4-5	5	6-8
Current strength, A	10..20	30..45	65..100	100..160	120..200	150..200	160..250	200..350

Current welding voltage modern devices is set automatically, so this parameter is not taken into account. For the most common operations, you should have all the necessary data at your fingertips. Also, do not forget that each device has its own errors, therefore, you should adjust everything at your own discretion, starting from the given modes.

In order for electric welding to bring good results, the seams turned out to be reliable and heavy-duty, you should know how to choose the right electrodes. It is very easy to get confused in the wide range of products offered in the markets. They are distinguished by types, materials of manufacture, composition of coatings and other important parameters. The wrong choice will reduce the quality of the work performed.

How to choose welding electrodes

First of all, you should pay attention to the fact that products can be melting or non-melting. The first ones contain metal rods with a special coating of surfaces, which protects the welding zones and increases the stability of the arc. They are used in the process of manual arc welding. The second category is intended for work in an environment with a protective gas (argon), its features will be considered separately.

When choosing, you also need to take into account the materials from which the parts to be joined are made. Different types of electrodes are selected for cooking different metals. For example:

• If you need to connect low-carbon and low-alloy steels, you need to purchase carbon electrodes.
• To connect alloy steel, products are purchased (GOST 9467-75, GOST 9466-75).
• When it is planned to work with surfacing or steels of various types, then you will need products whose core is made of high-alloy metals.
• When cooking cast iron, you also cannot do without the appropriate electrodes - OZCH-2.

Nowadays, a kind of rating of famous brands has formed.:

• ANO. Differ in good ignition, do not need additional calcination. Both beginners and experienced professionals can work with them.
• MP-3. Universal, can also be used for joining uncleaned surfaces.
• MR-3S. They are used when increased requirements are put forward to the seams.
• SSSI 13/55. They are used in the installation of critical structures in which the seams must be of high quality. Inexperienced welders are not recommended to work with them, as experience and certain qualifications are required.

Benefits of famous brands

1. Facilitate the welding process. Difficulties can arise only if the core material is chosen incorrectly.
2. High quality seams. This parameter is very important. Allows you to get strong connections, both external and internal, convex and concave welds.
3. Ease of slag separation. This makes it possible to see how high-quality the seam turned out.
4. It is possible to weld elements that have been subject to corrosion. Of course, such procedures are not performed too often, but they will be performed at the proper level.
5. Safety for the welder, sanitary and hygienic requirements are met.

Differences in grades and diameters

Experienced welders sometimes claim that using inverter welding machines, you can buy any electrodes. These opinions are based on personal experience when they perform certain types of work. Mostly with inverter welding, there are no serious requirements regarding the tightness of the seams, therefore, products with a diameter of 0.5–2 mm can be used.

The diameter and grade should be selected based on the thickness of the metals that need to be connected. For a significant thickness, long welding will be required, which means that the electrode must have a large diameter.

You still need to learn how to work with thin electrodes for welding, because they burn quickly. As a rule, they are performed by means of tacks.

Also, the choice of welding consumables depends on the type of work for which it is planned to use them. So, when the most complex route work is performed, large electrodes will be needed, and it is possible to mount a structure from profile components using electrodes with a diameter not exceeding 2 mm. They are used when connecting sections of the gate, making fences from corrugated board and pipes.

Product classification

The division into separate types is carried out, first of all, depending on their main purpose.. In particular, the following stand out:

• For welding carbon and low alloy steels.
• Allowing to connect high-strength heat-resistant steels.
• For work with high-alloy steels ("electrodes for stainless steel").
• For melting aluminum and its alloys.
• For work with copper and its alloys.
• Allowing to connect cast iron elements.
• Those by means of which surfacing is carried out and repair work is carried out.
• Connecting steel parts of uncertain compositions and hard-to-weld steels.

Apply to welding electrodes different coatings. most commonly used products with double coatings.

Products with a basic coating, the most famous of them - UONI 13/55. They are the choice for high quality welds with exceptional toughness, ductility and mechanical strength. In addition, such seams are resistant to crystallization cracks and are not prone to natural aging.

They have some disadvantages. So, with a wet coating of the connected components, the presence of rust or oil traces, scales in the seams, pores will appear. Also, work is possible only on direct current and reverse polarity.

Another type is rutile coated electrodes. Such products, the most famous brand of which is MP-3, are used when connecting structural elements with low-carbon steel. They have the following technological advantages:

• Stability of arc burning both on direct and alternating current.
• Minor splashing of materials in the course of work.
• Obtaining high-quality welds, regardless of location in space.
• The slag is easily separated.
• Good decorative characteristics of seams.
• Rusty and dirty surfaces can be welded.

Obtaining a weld metal equal in strength to the main one is ensured by choosing the type of welding electrode, which regulates the strength characteristics of the welded joint. It should be borne in mind that the use of electrodes with increased mechanical properties weld metal, for example, in terms of tensile strength, can lead to a decrease in the performance of the welded structure.

For welding boiling steels (low-carbon steel produced from a slightly deoxidized furnace), electrodes with any coating are used.

For welding semi-quiet steels (steel obtained by deoxidizing liquid metal is less complete than when smelting calm steel, but more than when smelting boiling steel) at large thicknesses, electrodes with basic or rutile coatings should be used.

Welding of mild steel structures operating at low temperatures or under dynamic loads should be carried out with basic coated electrodes.

The stability of the arc burning affects the quality of the welds and the possibility of welding with alternating current. The most stable arc burns at electrodes with cellulose, acid and rutile coatings. This allows the use of welding transformers. Basic coated electrodes require only DC power supplies.

In the lower, vertical and overhead positions, the seam is better formed with cellulose-coated electrodes, since the fine droplet transfer of the electrode metal and the high viscosity of the slag ensure high-quality welding. A seam is formed worse for electrodes with a basic coating.

When welding thick-walled structures with multi-layer welds, the detachability of slag is an essential indicator. Rutile, cellulose and acid coated electrodes provide better slag release compared to basic coatings.

Welding with basic coated electrodes requires thorough cleaning edges from rust, oil, dirt to avoid porosity. In addition, basic coated electrodes are prone to pore formation at the start of welding and in long arc welding.

Characteristics of electrodes for welding carbon and low alloy steels

Type E42 412 MPa (42 kgf / mm 2)
Brand,	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
spark
For steel products with a thickness of 1-3 mm. Welding can be done in a top-down manner.
ANO-6
Welding with a short or medium arc. Allowed on unfinished edges. When welding fillet welds, tilt the electrode at an angle of 40-50° in the direction of welding. It has high resistance against pore formation and hot cracking. Uхх≥50V.
ANO-6M
Welding with a short or medium arc. The slag is easily separated. Minimal spatter. Low tendency to form pores and hot cracks. Uхх≥50V.
ANO-17
High performance. For metal welding thick long seams. Low sensitivity to pore formation when welding on an oxidized surface. Uхх≥50V.
WCC-4
Welding of pipelines without fluctuations of the electrode by resting on the edges "top-down". Weld root - on direct current of any polarity, "hot" pass - on reverse polarity. Leave a cinder of at least 50 mm.
VCC-4M
Welding of a root seam and "hot" pass of joints of pipelines. They allow welding in the "top-down" method by supporting the electrode. Provides resistance to pore formation.
OZS-23
For welding structures of small thickness on an oxidized surface. Low sensitivity to pore formation. Low toxicity. Uхх≥50V.
OMA-2
For welding critical metal structures of small thickness (0.8-3.0 mm). Welding with an extended arc on an oxidized surface. Electrodes with low melting ability. Uхх≥60V.
Type E42A Steels with tensile strength up to 412 MPa (42 kgf / mm 2) with high requirements for the seam in terms of ductility and impact strength.
UONI-13/45
For welding critical structures operating at low temperatures. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges.
UONI-13/45A
For welding critical structures made of steels such as SHL-4, MS-1, St3sp and the like. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges.
UONII-13/45
UONII-13/45A
For welding critical structures operating at low temperatures. Welding with an extremely short arc along carefully cleaned edges.
UONII-13/45R
For welding shipbuilding steels. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges. High resistance of the weld metal to hot cracking.
Type E46 For steels with tensile strength up to 451 MPa (46 kgf / mm 2)
ANO-4
For welding simple and critical structures of all groups and degrees of deoxidation. Welding with an arc of medium length. Allowed on unfinished edges. Not prone to pore formation at high current. Uхх≥50V.
ANO-13
For vertical fillet, lap and butt welds in a top-down manner. Welding with a short or medium arc. Can be used on unfinished edges. The weld metal is resistant to hot cracking. The coating is hygroscopic. Uхх≥50V.
ANO-21
For simple and critical structures made of carbon steels of all groups and degrees of deoxidation. Welding with an extended arc along uncleaned edges. Uхх≥50V.
ANO-24
For welding under assembly conditions. Welding with an extended arc along uncleaned edges. Low tendency to undercut. Uхх≥50V.
ANO-34
In the lower position, tilt the electrode by 20-40° from the vertical in the direction of welding. Welding is possible with an extended arc over an oxidized surface. Uхх≥50V.
ELZ-S-1
For welding low carbon, carbon and low alloy steels with tensile strength up to 490 MPa. Uхх≥50V.
MR-3
For responsible construction. Welding with a short or medium arc. Thoroughly clean surfaces from scale. The gaps cover well. When welding at high currents, pores are possible. Uхх≥60V.
MR-3M
For steels with carbon content up to 0.25%. It is possible to weld wet, rusty, poorly deoxidized metal. High performance. Welding of medium and large thicknesses is carried out at elevated modes "back angle". Uхх≥60V.
OZS-3
For welding critical parts. Welding with a short arc. Welding on uncleaned surfaces is allowed. Uхх≥60V.
OZS-4
For high performance welding of critical parts. Welding with an elongated arc and on uncleaned surfaces is allowed. Uхх≥60V.
OZS-4I
For critical structures. They allow welding of wet, rusty, poorly cleaned metal from oxides. High performance. Welding in the lower position for medium and large thicknesses "angle back". Average arc length. Uхх≥60V.
OZS-6
For high performance welding. It is allowed to weld with an elongated arc, it is also possible on an oxidized surface. Uхх≥50V.
OZS-12
Recommended for tee joints with small-scale concave seams. The slag is easily separated. Welding with an extended arc and on an oxidized surface. Uхх≥50V.
Type E46A For steels with a tensile strength of 451 MPa (46 kgf / mm 2) with increased requirements for joints in terms of ductility and impact strength.
TMU-46
For critical structures, including pipelines. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges. Uхх≥65V.
UONI-13/55K
For critical structures operating at negative temperatures and alternating loads. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges. The weld metal is highly resistant to hot cracking and has a low hydrogen content.
ANO-8
For welding structures made of carbon and low alloy steels operating at low temperatures. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges.
Type E50 For steels with a tensile strength of 490 MPa (50 kgf / mm 2)
VCC-4A
High-performance welding of the root weld and the "hot" pass of the joints of pipelines and critical structures. Welding of a root seam without fluctuations, leaning, on a direct current of any polarity. "Hot" pass - after stripping the root seam. Weld both layers from top to bottom. Leave a cinder of at least 50 mm.
55-U
Welding with a short arc or leaning on carefully ground edges. Uхх≥65V.
Type E50A For steels with a tensile strength of 490 MPa (50 kgf / mm 2) with increased requirements for joints in terms of ductility and impact strength.
ANO-27
For welding critical structures at temperatures up to -40°C. Welding with a short arc on a carefully cleaned surface. Provide a reduced hydrogen content in the seams.
ANO-T
For welding critical structures and pipelines in all climatic zones. Welding of a root seam without backing rings. Formation of the reverse roller in the overhead position.
ANO-TM/N
For rotary joints of oil and gas pipelines with a diameter of 59-1420 mm and other critical structures. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges. Effective for single-sided welding. Uхх≥65V.
ANO-TM
For critical structures, including pipelines made of low-carbon and low-alloy steels. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges. A back roller with a height of 0.5-3 mm is qualitatively formed.
ITS-4
For ship hull steels St3sp, 09G2, 09G2S, 10KhSND, 10G2S1D-35, 10G2S1D-40, etc. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges. Provide high corrosion resistance.
ITS-4S
For welding critical structures in shipbuilding; steel SHL-4, 09G2, etc. Welding with a short arc along the cleaned edges. Uхх≥65V.
OZS-18
For welding critical structures made of steels 10KhSND, 10KhNDP, etc. up to 15 mm thick, resistant to atmospheric corrosion, with a low hydrogen content.
OZS-25
For welding critical structures. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges. Good separability of slag. No undercuts and finely scaly seam.
OZS/VNIIST-26
For oil and gas pipelines contaminated with hydrogen sulfide. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges. High corrosion resistance in the environment humidified up to 25% hydrogen sulfide.
OZS-28
For critical structures made of steels 09G2, 10KhSND, etc. Short arc welding along carefully cleaned edges. Uхх≥60V.
OZS-33
For especially critical structures. Provide weld metal with high resistance to hot cracking and low hydrogen content. Welding with a short or extremely short arc along cleaned edges.
TMU-21U
For steels such as 15GS, etc.; for power equipment. For pipes with a wall thickness of more than 16 mm. Narrow gap welding with a total bevel angle of up to 15°. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges. Easy arc ignition without "start" porosity.
TMU-50
For critical structures and pipelines. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges. Uхх≥65V.
UONI-13/55
For critical structures operating at negative temperatures and alternating loads. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges. The weld metal is resistant to hot cracking and has a low hydrogen content.
UONI-13/55S
For especially critical structures. Provide weld metal with high resistance to hot cracking. Low hydrogen content. Welding only with a short arc on cleaned edges.
UONI-13/55ТЖ
For especially critical structures operating at low temperatures. The weld metal resists hot cracking well. Low hydrogen content. Welding only with a short arc on cleaned edges.
UONII-13/55R
For shipbuilding steels with tensile strength up to 490-660 MPa. Welding with a short arc or leaning on carefully ground edges.
TsU-5
For pipe parts and heat exchangers of boiler units operating at temperatures up to 400°C. Reduced tendency to porosity. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges.
TsU-7
For critical structures operating at temperatures up to 400°C. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges.
TsU-8
For critical structures operating at temperatures up to 400°C with a small metal thickness and for welding pipes of small diameters. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges.
E-138/50N
For heavily loaded seams in the underwater part of ships. For steels St3S, St4S, 09G2, SHL-1, SHL-45, MS-1, etc. Short arc welding along carefully cleaned edges. The weld metal is resistant to corrosion in sea water.
Type E55 For steels with tensile strength up to 539 MPa (55 kgf / mm 2)
OZS/VNIIST-27
For pipelines and structures made of cold-resistant low-alloy steels operating at temperatures up to -60°C. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges. Root seams - on a direct current of direct polarity.
UONI-13/55U
For welding fittings and rails in a bathtub, for critical structures, manual arc welding. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges. At bath method current values ​​increase by 1.3-1.7 times. Breaks during welding are not allowed. Uхх≥65V.
Type E60 For steels with tensile strength up to 588 MPa (60 kgf / mm 2)
ANO-TM60
For butt joints of pipes and other critical structures. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges. Formation of the root weld without backing elements and welding with a smooth transition to the base metal.
VSF-65
For critical structures, including main pipelines. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges.
OZS-24M
For structures and pipelines made of steels 06G2NAB, 12G2AFYu, 10GNMAYu, etc., operating at temperatures up to -70°C. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges. The weld metal is characterized by high cold resistance.
UONI-13/65
For critical structures made of carbon low-alloy chromium, chromium-molybdenum, chromium-silicon-manganese steels operating at low temperatures. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges. High resistance of weld metal to hot cracks. Low hydrogen content.

Characteristics of electrodes for welding alloy steels increased strength

Type E70 For steels with tensile strength up to 686 MPa (70 kgf / mm 2)
Brand, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
ANO-TM70
For welding critical structures and pipelines without underlays and welding. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges. Uхх≥65V.
ANP-1
For welding critical structures made of steels 14KhG2MR, 14KhMNDFR, etc., parts of transport and road cars operating at low temperatures. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges.
ANP-2
For welding critical structures. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges.
VSF-75
For pipelines and critical structures when welding filling and facing layers. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges.
Type E85 For steels with tensile strength up to 833 MPa (85 kgf / mm 2)
NIAT-3M
For welding critical structures made of heat-hardened steels. Welding with a short arc on carefully cleaned edges.
UONI-13/85
For critical structures made of heat-hardened steels up to a high tensile strength: 30KhGSA, 30KhGSNA, etc. Welding only with a short arc along carefully cleaned edges. The weld metal is resistant to hot cracks. Low hydrogen content.
UONI-13/85U
For bathtub rebar and rails and manual arc welding of high-strength steel structures operating under heavy loads. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges. With the bath method, use the remaining or removed forms.
Type E100 For steels with tensile strength up to 980 MPa (100 kgf / mm 2)
AN-XN7
Gaps-free assembly. Welding with a short and medium arc along carefully cleaned edges.
VI-10-6
Gaps-free assembly. Welding with a short or medium arc along carefully cleaned edges with loop-like movements of the electrode. With rapid cooling, cracks in the craters are possible.
OZSH-1
Welding with a short arc continuously, without allowing cooling, along carefully cleaned edges. Preheating up to 400-450°С. Can be used for surfacing stamps.

Characteristics of Electrodes for Welding High Strength Alloy Steels

Type E125 For steels with tensile strength over 980 MPa (100 kgf/mm2)
Brand, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
NII-3M
For steels 30KhGSNA, 30KhGSN2A, etc., heat-treated for strength up to 1274 MPa (130 kgf / mm 2). Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges.
Type E150 For steels with tensile strength up to 1470 MPa (150 kgf / mm 2)
NIAT-3
For high-strength steels of the 30KhGSNA type with a tensile strength of up to 1470 MPa (150 kgf / mm 2)

Welding electrodes

Surfacing electrodes provide deposited metal of various chemical composition, structure and properties. According to GOST 10051-75 "Coated metal electrodes for manual arc surfacing of surface layers with special properties"There are 44 types of such electrodes.

All of them have basic coverage. This provides better crack resistance when surfacing steel parts with a high carbon content and high structural rigidity.

Depending on the operating conditions of structures with welded coatings, welding electrodes can be conditionally divided into 6 groups.

Characteristics of welding electrodes

First group Welding electrodes that provide low-carbon low-alloy deposited metal with high resistance to metal-to-metal friction and shock loads (by purpose, this group includes some brands of electrodes of the 3rd group).
Electrode brand/metal type, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
OZN-300M /11G3S
For parts made of carbon and low-alloy steels operating under friction and shock loads, for example: shafts, axles, couplers, crosses and other parts of automobile and railway transport.
OZN-400M /15G4S
The same, with increased hardness of the deposited metal.
NR-70 /E-30G2HM
For parts operating under conditions of intense shock loads and metal friction: rails, crosses and more.
TsNIIN-4 /E-65X25G13N3
For welding of casting defects of railway frogs and other parts made of high-manganese steels 110G13L.
Second group Electrodes that ensure the production of medium-carbon low-alloy deposited metal with high resistance to metal-to-metal friction and shock loads at normal and elevated temperatures (up to 600-650°C).
EN-60M /E-70X3SMT
For dies of all types, working with heating of contact surfaces up to 400°C, and wear parts in machine tools: gears, eccentrics, guides, etc.
TsN-14
For hot stamping and cutting equipment, including knives, scissors, dies, etc.
13KN/LIVT /E-80H4S
For bucket teeth of excavators, scoops, dredgers, road machine knives, working with abrasive wear without significant impacts and pressures.
OZSH-3 /E-37X9S2
For cutting and punching dies of cold and hot stamping (up to 650°C) and high-wear parts of machines and equipment.
OZI-3 /E-90X4M4VF
For dies of cold and hot (up to 650°C) deformation of metals, as well as for high-wear parts of mining and metallurgical and machine-tool equipment.
Third group Electrodes that provide carbon, alloyed (or highly alloyed) weld metal with high resistance to abrasive wear and impact loads.
OZN-6 /90X4G2S3R
For wearing parts of mining, construction machines, etc., operating under intense abrasive wear and significant shock loads.
OZN-7 /75Kh5G4S3RF
For high-wear parts, mainly from high-manganese steels 110G13L, operating under intense wear and significant shock loads.
VSN-6 /E-110X14V13F2
For high-wear parts made of carbon and high-manganese steels with significant shock loads in abrasive wear conditions.
T-590 /E-320X25S2GR
For parts operating under abrasive wear conditions with moderate shock loads.
Fourth group Electrodes that provide high-alloy carbon deposited metal with high resistance under conditions of high pressures and high temperatures (up to 680-850°C).
OZSh-6 /10Kh33N11M3SG
For strikers of radial forging machines, dies for cold and hot (up to 800-850°C) deformation of metals, hot metal cutting knives, wear parts of equipment operating in severe thermal and deformation conditions.
UONI-13/N1-BK /E-09X31N8AM2
For sealing surfaces of fittings operating in contact with highly aggressive media.
OZI-5 /E-10K18V11M10Kh3SF
For metal-cutting tools, hot stamping dies (up to 800-850°C) and parts operating in particularly severe temperature and power conditions.
Fifth group Electrodes that provide highly alloyed austenitic deposited metal with high resistance to corrosion-erosion wear and metal-to-metal friction at elevated temperatures (up to 570-600°C).
TsN-6L /E-08X17N8S6G
For sealing surfaces of fittings for boilers operating at temperatures up to 570 ° C and pressures up to 7800 MPa (780 kg / mm 2).
Sixth group Electrodes that ensure the production of a dispersion-strengthened high-alloy deposited metal with high resistance under severe temperature and deformation conditions (up to 950-1100°C).
OZSh-6 /10Kh33N11M3SG
For forging and die equipment for cold and hot deformation of metals, parts of metallurgical and machine tool equipment operating under severe conditions of thermal fatigue (up to 950 ° C) and high pressures.
OZSh-8 /11Kh31N11GSM3YuF
For forging and die equipment for hot deformation of metal, operating in super-heavy conditions of thermal fatigue (up to 1100°C) and high pressures.

Electrodes for welding and surfacing cast iron

Such electrodes are designed to eliminate defects in iron castings and to restore damaged and worn parts. They can also be used for the manufacture of welded-cast structures. Electrodes for cold welding and hardfacing of cast iron without preheating give weld metal in the form of steel, copper-based alloys, nickel and iron-nickel alloy. These are brands TsCh-4, OZCH-2, OZCH-6, etc. Sometimes it is advisable to use electrodes for other purposes. So, when repairing cast-iron tubings in conditions of high pollution and high humidity it is better to take the brand OZL-25B. The first layers on contaminated cast irons can be made with grades OZL-27 and OZL-28. The OZB-2M brand, intended for welding bronze, is also successfully used.

Characteristics of electrodes for welding and surfacing cast iron

, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
TsCh-4 /FeV
For welding and welding of casting defects in parts made of gray, ductile and malleable cast iron. Welding of gray and high-strength cast irons.
OZCH-2 /Cu
OZCH-6 /Cu
For welding thin-walled parts made of gray and malleable cast iron.
MNCH-2 /NiCu
For welding, surfacing and welding of casting defects in parts made of gray and malleable cast iron.
OZCH-3 /Ni
For welding and welding of casting defects in parts made of gray and ductile iron, when joints are subject to increased requirements for surface finish.
OZCH-4 /Ni
For welding and surfacing of parts made of gray and ductile cast iron. Preferred for last layers working on abrasion or impact loads.

Electrodes for welding non-ferrous metals

Are intended for welding of aluminum, copper, nickel and their alloys. Titanium and its alloys are not welded by manual arc welding with a coated electrode due to intense oxidation.

Electrodes for aluminum welding. The main difficulty in welding aluminum and its alloys is the presence of an oxide film. Its melting point is 2060°C, while the melting point of aluminum is 660°C. A dense refractory film can disturb the stability of the welding process and thus affect the quality of the weld formation, causing the appearance of internal defects in the weld metal. To remove the oxide film, chloride and fluoride salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals are introduced into the composition of the electrode coating. These substances provide high-quality welding.

Characteristics of electrodes for welding aluminum and its alloys

Electrode brand / main weld metal, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
OZA-1 /Al	Psol.
For parts and structures made of commercially pure aluminum A0, A1, A2, A3. Welding with preheating up to 250-400°C along cleaned edges. Slag remove hot water and brushes.
OZA-2 /Al	Psol.
For welding casting rejects and surfacing of parts made of aluminum-silicon alloys AL-4, AL-9, AL-11, etc. Welding with preheating up to 250-400°C along cleaned edges. Remove slag with hot water and steel brushes.
OZANA-1 /Al	Psol.
For details and designs from commercially pure aluminum. Welding of products with a thickness of more than 10 mm with preheating up to 250-400 ° C along the cleaned edges.
OZANA-2 /Al	Psol.
For welding casting rejects and surfacing of parts made of aluminum-silicon alloys AL-4, AL-9, AL-11, etc. Welding of parts up to 10 mm thick without heating, for large thicknesses - with heating up to 200 ° C along the cleaned edges.

Electrodes for welding copper and its alloys. When welding copper, the main problem is the formation of pores in the weld metal due to its high activity when interacting with gases, especially with oxygen and hydrogen. To avoid this, only well-deoxidized copper and carefully calcined electrodes are used. Welding is performed along edges cleaned to a metallic sheen.

Welding brass is difficult and hazardous to health due to the intense burnout of zinc.

Welding of bronzes is difficult due to high brittleness and insufficient strength when heated.

Characteristics of electrodes for welding copper and its alloys

Electrode brand / main weld metal, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
Komsomolets-100 /Cu	Pspec.
For welding and surfacing products from commercially pure copper M1, M2, M3. Welding of copper with steel is possible. Welding with preliminary local heating up to 300-700°C.
ANTs/OZM-2 /Cu	Pspec.
For welding and surfacing products made of commercially pure copper with an oxygen content of not more than 0.01%. Welding with a thickness of more than 10 mm with preheating up to 150-350°C.
ANTs/OZM-3 /Cu	Pspec.
For welding and surfacing commercially pure copper (oxygen not more than 0.01%). Welding with steel is possible. Welding with a thickness of up to 10 mm with a short arc without heating and without cutting edges with a one- or two-sided seam with small fluctuations of the electrode.
OZB-2M /CuSn
For welding and surfacing of bronze, welding of defects in bronze and iron castings. Welding and surfacing of brass is possible.
OZB-3 /Cu	Pspec.
For surfacing in the manufacture and restoration of electrodes of resistance spot welding machines, including for welding rod reinforcement.

Electrodes for welding nickel and its alloys. Welding of nickel and its alloys is difficult due to the high sensitivity to gases dissolved in the weld pool: nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, which causes the formation of hot cracks and pores. To prevent the occurrence of these defects, it is necessary to use the base metal and welding electrodes of high purity and prepare them with high quality.

Characteristics of electrodes for welding nickel and its alloys

Electrode brand, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
OZL-32
For products made of nickel NP-2, NA-1, for surfacing on carbon and high-alloy steels in equipment operating in alkaline and chlorine-containing environments of soda production, soap making, production of synthetic fibers, etc., as well as welding of nickel with carbon and corrosion-resistant steels. Welding with "thread" rollers with an amplitude of transverse oscillations of not more than two electrode diameters. The electrode is perpendicular to the workpiece. Break off the arc gradually, diverting it to the deposited metal.
V-56U
For welding products made of monel metal and equipment made of two-layer steels (St3sp + monel metal) from the side of the corrosion-resistant layer, as well as for surfacing. Monel can be welded to low carbon steels. Welding with rollers up to 12 mm wide.

Metal cutting electrodes

Arc cutting of metal with coated electrodes is often used in the installation and repair of metal structures. It is effective because it does not require additional equipment and special qualifications of workers. Electrodes for cutting differ from electrodes for welding by high thermal power of the arc, high heat resistance of the coating, and intense oxidation of liquid metal. It is expedient to use these electrodes for removing defective seams or their sections, removing tacks, rivets, bolts, cutting cracks, etc. Baking before welding: 170°C; 1 hour

Characteristics of electrodes for metal cutting

Electrode brand, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
OZR-1	Pspec.
Cutting, gouging, piercing holes, removing defective areas of welded joints and castings, cutting welded edges and weld root, performing other similar works in the manufacture, installation and repair of parts and structures made of steels of all grades (including high alloys), cast iron, copper and aluminum and their alloys. They provide a clean cut (without burrs and sagging on the cut surface). Cutting is carried out at elevated modes with the electrode tilted in the direction opposite to the cutting direction (angle forward). In this case, the electrode must perform reciprocating movements: "back and forth" or "top-down".
OZR-2	Pspec.
Rebar cutting, gouging. Cutting, piercing holes, removing defective areas of welded joints and castings, cutting welded edges and weld root, performing other similar work in the manufacture, installation and repair of parts and structures made of steels of all grades (including high alloys), cast iron, copper and aluminum and their alloys. They provide a clean cut (without burrs and sagging on the cut surface). Have increased efficiency when cutting construction rod reinforcement of large diameters (cutting time for reinforcement with a diameter of 16 mm is 2-3 s, with a diameter of 40 mm - 14-16 s). Cutting is carried out at elevated modes with the electrode tilted in the direction opposite to the cutting direction (angle forward). In this case, the electrode must perform reciprocating movements: "back and forth" or "top-down".

Electrodes for welding alloyed heat-resistant steels

Electrodes for welding alloyed heat-resistant steels must first of all provide the necessary heat resistance of welded joints - the ability to withstand mechanical stress when high temperatures.

For structures operating at temperatures up to 475 ° C, molybdenum electrodes of the E-09M type are used, and at temperatures up to 540 ° C, chromium-molybdenum electrodes of the E-09MH, E-09Kh1M, E-09Kh2M1 and E-05Kh2M types are used.

For structures operating at temperatures up to 600 ° C, chromium-molybdenum-vanadium electrodes E-09Kh1MF, E-10Kh1M1NBF, E-10Kh3M1BF are used.

E-10Kh5MF electrodes with a high chromium content are designed for welding structures made of steels with a high chromium content (12Kh5MA, 15Kh5M, 15Kh5MFA, etc.) operating in aggressive environments at temperatures up to 450°C.

For welding heat-resistant steels, electrodes with a basic coating are more often used, which ensure the strength of the deposited metal at elevated temperatures, as well as a low tendency to form hot and cold cracks.

Characteristics of electrodes for welding alloyed heat-resistant steels

Type E-09M For molybdenum steels
Brand, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
TsL-6
UONI-13/15M
TsU-2M
For steels 16M, 20M, etc., when welding steam pipelines, boiler headers operating at temperatures up to 475°C. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges.
Type E-09X1M
UONI-13XM
For steels 15XM, 20XM, etc., including for welding pipelines and parts of power equipment operating at temperatures up to 520°C. Welding with an extremely short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 150-200°C.
TML-1
For steam lines operating at temperatures up to 500°C. Welding with a short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 150-300°C. Narrow gap welding is possible.
TML-1U
For steels 12MH, 15MH, etc., for welding pipelines and parts of power equipment operating at temperatures up to 540°C. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges. Narrow gap welding with bevel angle up to 15° is possible. The arc is very stable. The slag is well separated.
Type E-05X2M For chromium-molybdenum steels with high chromium content.
H-10
For welding alloyed heat-resistant chromium-molybdenum steels, steam pipelines made of steels 10Kh2M, 12KhM, 12Kh2M1-L, etc., operating at temperatures up to 550°C. Welding with a short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 150-300°C.
Type E-09X2M1 For chromium-molybdenum steels with a high content of chromium and molybdenum
TsL-55
For steels 10X2M, etc., including for welding pipelines operating at temperatures up to 550°C. Welding with a short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 150-300°С
Type E-09MH For chrome molybdenum steels.
UONI-13/45MH
For steels 12MH, 15HM, etc., including for welding pipelines operating at temperatures up to 500°C. Welding with a short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 150-300°C.
OZS-11
For steels 12МХ, 15МХ, 12ХМФ, 15Х1М1Ф, etc., for welding of steam pipelines operating at temperatures up to 500°C. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges. Welding of steels with a thickness of more than 12 mm with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 150-200°C. Recommended for assembly work.
Type E-09X1MF
TML-3
For welding fixed joints of pipelines operating at temperatures up to 575°C. Welding with a short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 250-350°C. The slag is easily separated. High resistance of the metal against the formation of pores in the seam.
TML-3U
For steels 12MH, 15MH, 12H2M1, 12H1MF, 15H1M1F, 20HMF1, 15H1M1F-L, etc., incl. for pipelines operating at temperatures up to 565°C. Welding with a short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 350-400°C. Narrow gap welding with bevel angles up to 15°.
TsL-39
For steels 12Kh1MF, 12Kh2MFSR, 12Kh2MFB, etc., incl. for welding of heating elements for surfaces of boilers and pipelines with a diameter of up to 100 mm and a wall thickness of up to 8 mm, operating at temperatures up to 575°C. Welding with a short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 350-400°C.
Type E-10X1M1NFB For chrome-molybdenum-vanadium steels
TsL-27A
For steels 15Kh1M1F, structures made of cast, forged and tubular parts operating at temperatures up to 570°C. Welding with a short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 350-400°C.
TsL-36
For steels 15Kh1M1F, 15Kh1M1F-L, etc., for welding steam pipelines and fittings operating at temperatures up to 585°C. Welding with a short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 300-350°C.
Type E-10X3M1BF For chromium-molybdenum-vanadium-niobium steels
TsL-26M
For steels 12KhMFB of heating surfaces of boilers operating at temperatures up to 600°C, as well as for thin-walled pipes of superheaters in installation conditions. Welding with a short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 300-350°C.
TsL-40
For steels 12Kh2MFB, incl. thin-walled pipes of superheaters, heating surfaces of boilers operating at temperatures up to 600°C. Welding with a short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 300-350°C. Manufactured with a diameter of 2.5 mm.
Type E-10X5MF For chromium molybdenum vanadium and chromium molybdenum steels
TsL-17
For steels 15Kh5M (Kh5M), 12Kh5MA, 15Kh5MFA in critical structures operating in aggressive environments at temperatures up to 450°C. Welding with a short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 350-450°C.

Electrodes for welding high alloy steels

Steels containing 13% chromium are considered high chromium stainless steels. They are resistant to atmospheric corrosion and in mildly aggressive environments. These are steels 08X13, 12X13, 20X13, which differ in weldability depending on the carbon content.

When choosing electrodes for welding such steels, it is necessary to ensure following properties weld metal: resistance to atmospheric corrosion and in slightly aggressive environments, heat resistance up to a temperature of 650°C and heat resistance up to a temperature of 550°C. These requirements are met by electrodes of the E-12X13 type of the LMZ-1, ANV-1 and other brands, which provide the chemical composition, structure and properties of the weld metal, close to the characteristics of the base metal.

For welding steels with a reduced carbon content and additionally alloyed with nickel, electrodes of the E-06Kh13N type of the TsL-41 brand are recommended.

With an increase in the amount of chromium, the corrosion resistance and heat resistance of high-chromium steels increase. The content of 17-18% gives corrosion resistance in liquid media of medium aggressiveness. Such steels are acid-resistant: 12X17, 08X17T, 08X18T, etc. If the amount of chromium reaches 25-30%, then heat resistance increases - resistance to gas corrosion at temperatures up to 1100 ° C. These are heat-resistant steels: 15X25T, 15X28, etc. For sulfur-containing media, steels and electrodes are suitable, in which at least 25% chromium.

The choice of electrodes for welding high-chromium steels depends on the amount of chromium in the steels being welded. So, for welding steels with 17% chromium, which are subject to requirements for corrosion resistance in liquid oxidizing media or for heat resistance at temperatures up to 800 ° C, electrodes of the type E-10X17T grades VI-12-6 and others are recommended.

For welding steels with 25% chromium, electrodes of the E-08Kh24N6TAFM type should be used, which give the weld metal after tempering high ductility, impact strength and resistance to intergranular corrosion.

Welding of high-chromium steels should be carried out at moderate conditions with reduced heat input. After each pass, it is recommended to cool the HAZ metal to a temperature below 100°C, which ensures minimal grain growth.

High-chromium steels based on 13% chromium with additional alloying with molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten and niobium are heat-resistant. They are able to withstand mechanical stress at high temperatures. When choosing electrodes for these steels, the main requirement is to ensure the required level of heat resistance of the weld metal. This is achieved by obtaining the chemical composition of the welds, close to the base metal. This condition is most fully satisfied by electrodes of the types E-12Kh11NMF of the KTI-9A brand, E-12Kh11NVMF of the KTI-10 brand, E-14Kh11NVMF of the TsL-32 brand.

Characteristics of electrodes for welding high-alloy chromium steels

Type E-12X13 For corrosion resistant steels
Brand, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
UONI-13/NZh 12X13
For welding steels 08X13, 12X13, 20X13, etc., operating at temperatures up to 600 ° C, as well as surfacing sealing surfaces steel reinforcement. Welding with preheating up to 200-250°С. Heat resistance up to 540°C, heat resistance up to 650°C are provided in an atmosphere of steam and in air.
LMZ-1
For steels 08X13, 1X13, 2X13, etc., operating in fresh water and slightly aggressive environments at normal temperature. For surfacing sealing surfaces of fittings. Welding with a short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 300-350°C. After welding, a vacation is required.
ANV-1
For steels 08X13, 12X13, etc., operating in fresh water and slightly aggressive environments at normal temperatures. Suitable for surfacing sealing surfaces of fittings. After welding, a vacation is required. In an atmosphere of steam and air, they provide heat resistance up to 540°C and heat resistance up to 650°C.
Type E-10X17T For corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steels
UONI-13/NZh 10X17T
For steels 12X17, 08X17T, etc., operating at elevated temperatures and in oxidizing environments. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges with minimal heat input. Heat resistance up to 800°С.
VI-12-6
For steels 12X17, 08X17T, etc., operating in oxidizing environments at temperatures up to 800°C. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges.
Type E-06X13N For stainless steels alloyed with nickel
TsL-41
For steels 0Kh12ND, 10Kh12ND-L, 06Kh12N3D, 06Kh14N5DM, etc., operating at temperatures up to 400°C. Welding with a short arc along cleaned edges with preliminary and concomitant heating up to 80-120°C.
Type E-12X11NMF For heat resistant steels
KTI-9A
For steels 15Kh11MF, 15Kh11VF, etc., operating at temperatures up to 565°C. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges.
Type E-12X11NVMF For heat resistant steels
KTI-10
For steels 15Kh11MF, 15Kh12VNMF and 15Kh11MFB-L operating at temperatures up to 580°C. Welding with a short arc along the cleaned edges without fluctuations of the electrode heated up to 350-400°C
Type E-14X11NVMF For heat resistant steels
TsL-32
For welding steam heaters of boilers, steam pipelines made of steels 10Kh11V2MF, etc., operating at temperatures up to 610°C. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges.
Type E-10X16N4B For corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steels.
UONI-13/EP-56
For structures made of steels 09X16N4B, etc., operating in aggressive environments, and for welding high-pressure pipelines.

Electrodes for corrosion-resistant acid-resistant steels. The main requirement when choosing electrodes for welding acid-resistant steels is to ensure the corrosion resistance of the weld metal in liquid aggressive media at normal and elevated temperatures and pressures. The most aggressive liquid media are acids and their solutions, which have both oxidizing and non-oxidizing properties.

For welding structures made of acid-resistant steels operating in non-oxidizing liquid media at temperatures up to 360°C and not subject to heat treatment after welding, electrodes of the EA-400/10T, EA-400/10U brands, etc., the OZL-8 brands, etc., the EA-606/10 brands, etc. are recommended. Heat treatment of welded joints made with these electrodes is not allowed.

For structures operating in non-oxidizing or low-oxidizing liquid media, for which tempering is required after welding, electrodes of the brand EA-898/19 and others are recommended, which ensure the resistance of the weld against intergranular corrosion both in the initial state and after tempering.

Structures that are operated in oxidizing liquid media, for example, in nitric acid, are recommended to be welded with electrodes of the E-08Kh19N10G2B type, grades TsT-15, ZIO-3, etc.

For low-carbon acid-resistant steels containing up to 0.03% carbon, electrodes of types E-04Kh20N9 of grades OZL-14A, OZL-36 are used; E-02X20N14G2M2 grades OZL-20, etc.

Characteristics of electrodes for welding corrosion-resistant acid-resistant steels

Type E-08X19N10G2B
Brand, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
TsT-15
ZIO-3
For steels with a nickel content of up to 16% - 08X18H10T, 12X18H12T, 08X18H12B, etc., operating in oxidizing environments. Heat resistance up to 650°С.
Type E-07X20H9
OZL-8
OZL-14
UONI-13/NZh 04X19H9
not presented
LEZ-8
For steels 08X18H10, 12X18H9, 12X18H10T, etc., when to the weld metal not presented stringent requirements for resistance to intergranular corrosion.
OZL-8
For steels 08X18H10, 12X18H9, 12X18H10T, etc., when to the weld metal not presented stringent requirements for resistance to intergranular corrosion. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges.
TsT-50
For steels 08X18H10, 12X18H9, 12X18H10T, etc., when strict requirements are imposed on the weld metal for resistance to intergranular corrosion. Welding with a short arc on cleaned edges.
Type E-08X19N9F2G2SM
EA-606/10
For steels 09X17H7Yu, 09X15H8Yu and others, as well as for steels 14X17H2, etc.
Type E-07X19N11M3G2F
EA-400/10U
EA-400/10T
For steels 08Kh18N10T, 12Kh18N10T, 08Kh17N13M2T, etc., operating in liquid aggressive media at temperatures up to 350 ° C and not subjected to heat treatment after welding. Suitable for hardfacing anti-corrosion coating. The intergranular corrosion resistance is ensured in the as-welded state and after austenitization. electrodes EA-400/10T provide better than EA-400/10U, separability of slag. electrodes TsL-11 for more corrosion resistant steels.
Type E-08X19N9F2S2
EA-606/11
For steels 08Kh18N10T, 12Kh18N9T, etc., operating at temperatures up to 350°C and not subjected to heat treatment after welding. Not recommended for welding steels not alloyed with titanium or niobium.
GL-2
For steels 08Kh18N10T, 12Kh18N9T, etc., operating at temperatures up to 350 ° C and not subjected to heat treatment after welding. Not recommended for welding steels not alloyed with titanium or niobium
Type E-08X19N10G2MB
EA-898/19
For steels 08Kh18N10T, 08Kh17N13M2T, etc., operating in oxidizing and low-oxidizing environments at temperatures up to 350 ° C and subjected to heat treatment after welding.
Type E-04X20H9
OZL-36
OZL-14A
ANV-32
UONI-13/NZh-2 /04X19H9
For steels 08Kh18N10T, 06Kh18N11, 08Kh18N12T, 04Kh18N10, etc., when requirements are imposed on the weld metal for resistance to intergranular corrosion both in the initial state and after short-term holding in the critical temperature range. Heat resistance up to 800°C without sulfur containing gases.
Type E-02X20N14G2M2 For low carbon corrosion resistant steels
OZL-20
For steels 03X16H15M3, 03X17H14M2 with stringent requirements for welds in terms of resistance to intergranular corrosion.

Electrodes for welding corrosion-resistant high-strength steels. The choice of electrodes for such steels is very limited. So, for steels 12X21H5T, 08X21H6M2T, electrodes are recommended that give the weld metal in structure not the same type as the base metal, but different. In this case, electrodes of types E-08X20N9G2B of grades TsL-11, OZL-7, etc. are used. Electrodes of type E-09X19N10G2M2B of grades EA-902/14, ANV-36, EA-400/13, etc. and 10Kh25N6ATMF, one type of electrodes is provided - E-08Kh24N6TAFM, which includes electrodes of the H-48 brand. The weld metal is equal in strength to the base metal up to 200 mm thick. Electrodes of this type can also be used for steels 12X21H5T, 08X21H6M2T. For steels 08Kh22N6T and 08Kh21N6M2T, electrodes OZL-40 and OZL-41 were developed, which increase the corrosion resistance of welds when working in alkaline media. Characteristics of electrodes for welding corrosion-resistant high-strength steels

Type E-08X20N9G2B
Brand, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
TsL-11
For welding structures made of corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant austenitic steels of the 08Kh18N10T, 08Kh18N12T, 08Kh18N12B type and the like, operating in aggressive environments at a temperature of not more than 400 ° C, when strict requirements are imposed on the weld metal in terms of resistance to intergranular corrosion.
OZL-40 and OZL-41
For steels 08X22H6T, 08X21H6M2T, etc., operating in aggressive environments.
TsT-15K
For steels 10Kh17N13M2T, 08Kh18N10, etc., operating at temperatures up to 600°C. Suitable for surfacing anti-corrosion layer.
OZL-7
For steels 08X18H10, 08X18H10T, 08X18H12B, etc., operating in aggressive environments, when strict requirements are imposed on the weld metal in terms of resistance to intergranular corrosion.
Type E-09X19N10G2M2B
EA-902/14
EA-400/13
NZh-13
ANV-36
For structures made of steels 10Kh17N13M3T, 08Kh17N15M3T, 10Kh17N13M2T, Kh18N22V2T2, etc., operating at temperatures up to 550 ° C, when strict requirements are imposed on the seams in terms of resistance to intergranular corrosion, not subjected to heat treatment after welding. Welding with a short arc along the cleaned edges with "thread" seams without transverse vibrations. electrodes ANV-36 characterized by easy arc striking and low spatter.
SL-28
For structures made of steels 10Kh17N13M3T, 08Kh17N15M3T, 10Kh17N13M2T, Kh18N22V2T2, etc., operating at temperatures up to 550 ° C, when strict requirements are imposed on the seams in terms of resistance to intergranular corrosion, not subjected to heat treatment after welding. Welding with a short arc along the cleaned edges with "thread" seams without transverse vibrations.
Type E-08X24N6TAFM
H-48
For steels 12Kh25N5TMFL, 12Kh21N5T, 08Kh22N6T, etc., operating in non-oxidizing aggressive environments at temperatures up to 300°C

Electrodes for welding heat-resistant (scale-resistant) steels. Heat-resistant (scaling-resistant) steels are considered to be capable of withstanding chemical destruction of the surface in air or in another gaseous medium at temperatures above 850 ° C in unloaded or lightly loaded states. They contain up to 20-25% chromium and operate at temperatures up to 1050°C and above.

The heat resistance of the deposited metal up to 1000°C on steels 20Kh23N13, 20Kh23N18, etc. is achieved by electrodes of the type E-10Kh25N13G2 of grades SL-25, OZL-6, TsL-25.

For welding heat-resistant steels that work for a long time at temperatures above 1000 ° C, electrodes of the type E-12Kh24N14S2 of the grades OZL-5, TsT-17, etc., as well as electrodes of the type E-10Kh17N13S4 of the grade OZL-29, providing heat resistance up to a temperature of 1100 °С in oxidizing and carburizing environments. For structures operating in sulfur-containing environments, nickel-free high-chromium heat-resistant steels 15X25T, 15X28, etc. are used.

Characteristics of electrodes for welding heat-resistant (scaling-resistant) steels

Type E-10X25N13G2
Brand, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
UONI-13/NZh-2 /07X25H13
ZIO-8
TsL-25
OZL-6
For 10Kh23N18, 20Kh23N13, 20Kh23N18, etc., operating in environments without sulfur compounds at temperatures up to 1000 ° C, as well as for two-layer steels from the side of the alloyed layer without requirements for resistance to intergranular corrosion. Seams are prone to brittleness at 600-800°C. Short arc. Thermal preparation of edges is not allowed.
SL-25
The same for heat-resistant steels.
Type E-12X24H14S2
OZL-5
TsT-17
For steels 20Kh25N20S2, 20Kh20N14S2, etc., operating at temperatures up to 1100°C in oxidizing and carburizing media. Narrow bead welding.
Type E-10Kh17N13S4
OZL-29
OZL-3
For steels 20Kh20N14S2, 20Kh25N20S2, 45Kh25N20S2, etc., operating at temperatures up to 1100 ° C in oxidizing and carburizing environments, as well as for steel 15Kh18N12S4TYu, operating in aggressive environments without high requirements for resistance to intergranular corrosion.

Electrodes for welding heat-resistant steels. Heat-resistant steels are steels that operate in a loaded state at high temperatures for a certain time and at the same time have sufficient resistance to scale formation. The high heat resistance of chromium-nickel steels is achieved by increasing the nickel content and additional alloying with titanium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, etc.

It should be taken into account that the heat resistance of welded joints can differ significantly from the heat resistance of the base and deposited metals. Therefore, the choice of an electrode based on the principle of equal or close heat resistance of the weld and the base metal is justified only for short-term service life of welded joints. For long-term resources, it is better to take electrodes that give a more ductile weld metal. This principle corresponds to electrodes alloying the weld metal with molybdenum - type E-11X15N25M6AG2 grades EA-395/9, TsT-10, NIAT-5 and type E-08X16N8M2 grades TsT-26.

For welding heat-resistant steels containing up to 16% nickel and operating at temperatures up to 600-650 ° C, and also if welded joints after welding are subjected to heat treatment by tempering, electrodes of types E-09Kh19N11G3M2F of grades KTI-5, TsT-7 and E- 08X19N10G2B (see above) grades TsT-15 and ZIO-3.

When welding the root layers of multilayer butt welds of heat-resistant steels, when the mixing of the base metal with the deposited metal is large and does not provide the technological strength of the welds, electrodes of the E-08Kh20N9G2B type of the TsT-15-1 brand should be used.

For welding heat-resistant steels containing 35% nickel and alloyed with niobium, which operate at temperatures up to 700-750 ° C, electrodes of the E-27Kh15N35V3G2B2T type of grades KTI-7 and KTI-7A are used.

For welding heat-resistant steels with 35% nickel, but without niobium, but alloyed with molybdenum and manganese, electrodes of types E-11Kh15N25M6AG2 of grades EA-395/9, NIAT-5, TsT-10 and E-09Kh15N25M6AG2F grade EA-981/15 are used. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the metal deposited with such electrodes is not resistant to intergranular corrosion in the state after welding and after heat treatment. Therefore, such electrodes are unsuitable if the structure also works in a liquid aggressive environment. Layers in contact with an aggressive environment should be made with electrodes of the E-07X19H11M3 type (see above) of the EA-400/10U and EA-400/10T brands.

Characteristics of electrodes for welding heat-resistant steels

Type E-11X15N25M6AG2
Brand, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
EA-395/9 and TsT-10
For steels and alloys KhN35VT, Kh15N25AM6, etc., containing up to 35% nickel, but without niobium, operating at temperatures up to 700°C. For dissimilar joints of high alloy steels with carbon and low alloy steels. For structures operating at temperatures up to -196°С. Short arc. Clean up the edges.
NIAT-5
For steels and alloys KhN35VT, Kh15N25AM6, etc., containing up to 35% nickel, but without niobium, operating at temperatures up to 700°C. For dissimilar joints of high-alloy steels with carbon and low-carbon steels. For structures operating at temperatures up to -196°С. Short arc. Clean up the edges.
Type E-08X16N8M2
TsT-26
For steels 10Kh14N14V2M, 08Kh16N13M2B, etc., in steam pipelines operating at temperatures of 600-850°C.
Type E-08X20N9G2B
TsT-15-1
For welding of root layers of the seams which are carried out by TsT-15 electrodes.
Type E-09X19N11G3M2F
KTI-5
TsT-7
For steels 08Kh16N13M2B, 15Kh14N14M2VFBTL (LA-3), etc., operating at temperatures up to 600 ° C and subjected to heat treatment after welding, as well as for welding casting defects from these steels. Welding with a short arc along the cleaned edges with short rollers without transverse vibrations.
Type E-27X15N35V3G2B2T
KTI-7
KTI-7A
For alloys based on iron-nickel KhN35VT, KhN35VTYu, etc., which operate for a long time at temperatures up to 750°C, as well as for reaction tubes in metal conversion furnaces made of steels 45Kh20N35S, 25Kh20N35, etc., operating at temperatures up to 900°C. Welding with a short arc with narrow beads without transverse vibrations.
Type E-09X15N25M6AG2F
EA-981/15
For welding high-alloy corrosion-resistant chromium-nickel-molybdenum and chromium-nickel-molybdenum-vanadium steels, as well as high-strength steels of the AK type and high-manganese steels of the 110G13-L type.

Electrodes for welding dissimilar steels and alloys

Dissimilar steels and alloys are materials that differ sharply in physical and mechanical properties, chemical composition and weldability. On the basis of the heterogeneity of steel, it can be conditionally divided into 4 groups: carbon and alloyed, alloyed with increased and high strength, heat-resistant, highly alloyed.

Welding of dissimilar steels and alloys can differ significantly from welding of homogeneous materials, since the likelihood of cracks in the weld metal increases, areas with structural inhomogeneity appear in the melting zone, excessive residual stresses increase due to the large difference in the expansion coefficients of the materials being welded.

Most of the electrodes used in the welding of dissimilar steels and alloys are electrodes designed for welding high-alloy steels and alloyed steels of increased and high strength, which give a weld with a uniform highly ductile metal structure.

The choice of an electrode can be made according to a table compiled taking into account domestic experience in welding dissimilar metals.

Characteristics of electrodes for welding dissimilar steels and alloys

Electrode brand, scope and technological features	Pok- digging	Rod, current polarity	Coef. nap- benches, g/A h	Polo- stitching
ANZHR-1
ANZHR-2
Welding of heat-resistant steels with high-alloy heat-resistant steels.
OZL-27
OZL-28
Welding of carbon steels with alloy steels, including hard-to-weld steels.
OZL-6
OZL-6S
Welding of carbon and low alloy steels with high alloy steels.
NIAT-5
EA-395/9
Welding of low alloy and alloy steels with high alloy steels.
OZL-25B
Welding of dissimilar steels: corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant, heat-resistant and nickel-based alloys.
IMET-10
Welding of dissimilar heat-resistant steels and alloys.
TsT-28
Welding of carbon, low alloy and chromium steels with nickel-based alloys.
NII-48G
Welding of low alloy, special and high manganese steels with high alloy steels

When using the content of this site, you need to put active links to this site, visible to users and search robots.

Welding inverters have recently become more popular than standard transformers. This is due to the fact that their cost is relatively low, and the operation is quite simple and not expensive. With their help, you can quickly weld the required design, without lengthy preparation steps. , as well as other metals, has a fairly high quality of workmanship. The connection of parts is carried out by melting. Many do not know how to choose electrodes for welding with an inverter, although this process is not so complicated, but the choice is quite a big responsibility. One of the characteristics of the inverter is the stability of the readings of the welding current parameters, so that practically no negative factors affect the seam.

The inverter includes a control system, a frequency converter, a rectifier, a high-frequency transformer, a filter and other additional things that improve the quality and convenience of welding. Thus, the best electrodes for inverter welding will give an excellent connection result. Welding electrodes must not only be of high quality workmanship, but also perfectly suited to the metal for which they were chosen.

Criteria by which it is necessary to select electrodes for the inverter

Each specialist knows that there is no single option that is suitable for all cases, therefore, in order to select electrodes for welding with an inverter, it is necessary to rely on some basic characteristics. One of them is the material of manufacture. The created seam will in any case be the most weak point on the welded product. The more the metal of the welding electrode differs from the main one, the less will be the strength of the connection. Thus, care should be taken to ensure that the composition of the consumables matches the base metal. In particular, this applies to the connection of non-ferrous metals, since they are very difficult to weld and require not only special modes, but also additional devices.

The next criterion when choosing which electrodes it is better to cook with an inverter is the diameter of the rod. Large thickness allows you to weld metal to a greater depth, if the power of the apparatus allows. If you need to choose materials for a home inverter, it is rare that a model supports more than 3 mm of electrodes, so the choice should be made in this range. There are no such restrictions in professional industrial equipment, therefore, you can stop at any convenient thickness that is suitable for the size of the workpiece. Especially thick products are also not suitable for vertical and overhead welding positions, since in modes there are often restrictions on models of 5 and 6 mm, therefore, a maximum of 4 mm electrodes are suitable here. In the lower position, the thickness of the rod should not exceed the thickness of the workpiece to be welded by more than 1 mm.

The next criterion for choosing electrodes for an inverter is the type of current for which they are intended. Modern models of devices often have all the necessary additional things to adapt to any mode of electricity supply, whether it be alternating or direct current of a given polarity. But the electrodes are set only for a certain range of work, therefore, they should be chosen for your device so that they can the best way show your qualities. Many of them serve both for direct and alternating current, but the difference lies in the idling of the inverter, for which this or that brand is designed.

It is also an important criterion. There are several basic varieties that help overcome the negative effects of rust on the surface, or give the seam additional protection against hydrogen, so that it does not need to be heated afterwards. Also, the materials in the coating can give the joint greater ductility, therefore, in responsible welding, this will be a significant factor.

Suitable brands

When deciding which electrodes to choose for inverter welding, you can look at the statistics that will show the most popular options. Among them are:

• – they are more suitable for experienced welders. They serve to create tight seam, which has high strength. They can be used even at low temperatures.

• MP-3C - can become an indispensable solution in cases where high requirements by quality. They are suitable for work direct current on reverse polarity and for alternating current.

MP-3 - is a universal brand, as the rod is suitable for most of the required operations. They can be used in any conditions, even if the metal surface is contaminated with something, including rust. They resist moisture well and protect the seam from hydrogen ingress.

• ANO - a series consists of several brands, but in general is the most popular in use. Their advantage is that the electrodes do not need to be pre-pierced. The arc ignites well both the first and subsequent times. The quality of the seam is quite high. Suitable for beginners.

Features of the choice of electrode for the inverter, depending on the modes of the metal being welded

When wondering how to choose electrodes for inverter welding, you should first find out what exactly will have to be welded. When selecting consumables for steels, you should find out their composition. Here, a very important point is the level of their alloying, what additional elements are included there and in what quantities. The fact is that if stainless steel is welded, then after the process itself, when the wrong choice is made, then stainless steel loses its anti-corrosion properties and rust may appear at the seam over time. To prevent this from happening, it is required to choose electrodes that will compensate for temperature losses.

Electrodes for welding stainless steel with an inverter

Similar schemes work with steels with a high carbon content. If, on the contrary, in metal, low level carbon, then it is required to provide additional protection so that the seam does not get given element, otherwise the whole connection will become quite fragile. To work with cast iron, you should use special consumables that are aimed specifically at this metal, otherwise there is a high risk of marriage.

Each of the metals has its own characteristics in the welding mode, due to the difference in melting temperature and flow properties. If the electrodes are selected from the same composition, then big problems with the application should not be, since it is enough just to set the indicated parameters that are suitable for the desired position and start working. Thus, when considering which electrodes are best for the inverter, the above factors should be taken into account

Basic modes and nuances of application

Choosing which electrodes are best for inverter welding machine, you should familiarize yourself with the modes of their application. Here are the current parameters for all positions for the most common models:

• MR-3S

Diameter value, mm	Current strength, A	Number of electrodes for 1 kg of welding, pcs.
2,0	30…80	94
2,5	50…90	53
3,0	70…120	38
4,0	110…160	19
5,0	150…200	12

• ANO-21