Leaflet ordinary belongs to the group. Fern leaf scolopendra (asplenium), home care, photo. The plant requires careful care

Leaflet - very beautiful garden fern, which can also be grown as houseplant. Unlike other representatives, it has whole leaves, so the leaflet in the photo looks very bright and unusual. Often it is also called a kostenets or phyllitis. The plant lives in the Mediterranean and at the foot of the European mountains, in shady and humid areas.

Description

Leaf fern is an evergreen perennial from the Kostentsov family. The plant has a straight, slightly branched rhizome of medium length. The roots are covered with small scales and form a small compaction on the soil surface.

The ground part of the bush consists of petiole foliage. On short dense petioles, which barely reach a third of the length of the leaf, are entire lanceolate or belt-shaped leaves. Their length is 20-50 cm, and their width is about 4-7 cm. Young leaves appear in spring and at first resemble a twisted snail shell, they straighten over time. The upper side of the frond is leathery, bright green. Transverse stripes are visible on the leaf plate, like an outlined pattern of pinnate foliage.

On the reverse, darker side of the frond surface are sori. They resemble grayish transverse stripes arranged symmetrically. In them under thin film numerous controversies arose.

Varieties

In total, 10 species are registered in the genus of the leaflet, but only a small part of the plants is used in cultivation. The most common is leaf scolopendra or common. It is common in the European and American foothills. The fern forms a small bush, up to 60 cm high. The width of the petiolate belt-like leaves is 3-5 cm. The base of the leaf is heart-shaped, and the edges are slightly wavy. The foliage is straight and only slightly leans to the sides. Greenish or brown scales are visible on the petiole. Within this variety, several ornamental varieties:

• undulata - fronds have beautiful wavy edges;
• marginatum - differs in narrowed, lobed fronds;
• cristatum - the edges of a solid frond are comb-shaped;
• crispa - a curly variety with a perforated edge and bright green leaves;
• Ramo Cristatum is a highly decorative variety with branched and strongly wavy foliage.

The plant is common in the expanses of Asia: from shady foothills to the shores of fresh water. Lanceolate-belt-shaped, leathery leaves form a wide rosette. They grow strongly in breadth, exposing the central part of the outlet. The length of dense foliage is 20-40 cm.

reproduction

Leaflet can be propagated vegetatively or seed way. When transplanting, it is enough to cut off a part of the rhizome with growth buds. Its length should be at least 20 cm. The procedure is best done in early spring, until young fronds begin to appear. The place of the cut is sprinkled with crushed coal and placed in peat-sandy soil. The pot is covered with a film and left in a cool, bright place.

In the same way, healthy fern leaves can be rooted. It is important to support high humidity air and periodically spray the soil with a spray bottle. The rooting process is quite difficult and can take almost a year. Not all segments root.

Seed propagation is considered more efficient. Spores mature in large volume and retain high germination for 5-8 years. For planting prepare flat wide containers with peat. They try to spread the spores evenly over the surface; it is not necessary to sprinkle them with earth. The bowl is covered with a film or glass and put in a warm, bright place. Every day, the earth is ventilated for 15-30 minutes and, if necessary, sprayed with water.

After 2-5 weeks, the surface of the soil will be covered with dense greenery of young shoots. The grown seedlings dive into small pots, in which peat, heather earth and sand are equally mixed. After 2-3 weeks, the pick is repeated. Seedlings are actively developing and by the end of the first year they look like an adult plant.

Care rules

Leaflet requires more careful care at home, but rewards for efforts with bright and very beautiful shoots. Optimal location for him there will be a shaded and humid area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe garden. At indoor cultivation it is worth choosing a cool room with diffused lighting. In excessively bright light, the foliage of the leaflet becomes yellowish, which reduces its attractiveness. The fern can be placed in the darkest areas where other flowers feel uncomfortable.

The leaflet needs regular airing and access fresh air. Optimum temperature is +20…+22 °C. The plant is not afraid of drafts and night cooling, but the summer heat is a real test of endurance. In winter, for indoor specimens, it is necessary to create a cooler atmosphere (+ 12 ... + 15 ° C). garden plants can winter with shelter, bright foliage they don't drop.

The leaflet needs regular watering. The soil should not dry out, but stagnant water is also undesirable. It is better to water the fern daily or every other day in small portions. It is useful to often spray the fronds, as well as place bowls with wet pebbles or expanded clay nearby. A neighborhood with a small pond or fountain is welcome. In dry air, the leaves may dry out a little. As a resuscitation, you can periodically bathe the fern under a weak warm shower.

Usually the leaflet gets everything it needs from the soil. Fertilizers are applied only to depleted lands. Once a month from May to September, half the dose of the mineral complex for deciduous plants is added to the water for irrigation.

Every 2-3 years the leaflet needs to be transplanted, and every 8 years it needs rejuvenation and division of the bush. For this use ready substrate for ferns. You can also make a mixture yourself from the following components:

• leafy soil (2 parts);
• river sand (1 part);
• chopped bark (1 part).

at the bottom of the hole or flower pot spread thick drainage layer. The rhizome is placed on the surface without deepening the apical buds.

Possible difficulties in care

• the leaves turn yellow at the leaflet - the air is too hot and dry;
• the color of the leaves becomes faded - a long stay in direct sunlight;
• growth retardation or cessation - overflow, possible rotting of the rhizome.

Usage

The leaflet looks spectacular on rocky areas and under dense thickets of trees. You can plant a fern near coniferous thickets or along the shore of a small reservoir. Decorative tufts of leaves brighten up the space and blend well with other ferns. A composition of several decorative varieties in a wide pot or in a flower bed will be a real masterpiece.

A beautiful fern that can grow both in the garden and in the house is the leaflet. Its straight rhizome is covered with films, and large, smooth leaves collected in a bundle.

In this he differs from most representatives of ferns. Genus represent 10 various kinds predominantly growing in the Northern Hemisphere. In our latitudes, in open field only one is actively used - the scolopendra leaflet.

This is a sprawling bush, the leaf length of which reaches up to 50 cm, and the width is up to 5 cm. Despite the fact that the plant has evergreen leaves, severe frosts can harm it. To protect the fern in winter, it is covered with leaves.

They are really unusual in their structure. The fronds are not divided and have a whole plate. Outwardly similar to deer tongue. Due to this similarity, the leaflet received such a name among the people.

The natural habitat is predominantly mountainous areas with a Mediterranean and humid climate.

It is found everywhere in the forests of the Carpathians and in the Caucasus. It grows in shady forests rich in moisture, on limestone and fine humus, which accumulates in rock crevices.

Active growth begins with the onset warm days in May. Over the summer, it gives a fairly large increase, reflected in 4-5 sheets, which have a beautiful glossy surface.

Considering the natural habitat, the leaflet will be happy with wet and shady place in your garden. As for fertilizers, the opposite is true here: it prefers soils rich in humus and responds well to organic top dressing. Despite the great love of moisture, it is able to withstand short-term overdrying of the soil. This, of course, is a big plus, because it is not always possible to produce timely watering.

For planting, a mixture of leafy or soddy soil, humus, lime and sand in a ratio of 3: 1: 0.5: 1 is perfect. After planting, you need to water it abundantly, and mulch the soil around it with humus or moss. Do not use everything that concerns needles - this will acidify the soil, which the leaflet does not like.

As for reproduction, this process will not cause difficulties. It can be done either by dividing the bush, or by rooting segments. Both operations are best done in the spring. Before rooting in wet peat or sand, the leaves must be slightly dried.

Due to its beauty, the leaflet is very often used in landscape design. beautiful bush looks luxurious in flower beds and rose gardens. The leaves are highly decorative throughout the season. Due to its slow growth, this fern can be grown in one place for about 5-8 years. Then the bush must be divided and transplanted.

Unusual shapes look favorably against the background

Name: derived from Greek word"phyllon" - leaf, which indicates the originality of its leaves, having only hints of pinnate, fronds have almost a whole plate.

From the creeping shoot grow leathery lanceolate whole leaves with a kidney-shaped base on short scaly petioles. All this makes the plant look like a tongue, it is called “deer tongue”.

Description: genus counts up to 10 fern species common in the Northern Hemisphere.

Plants with a short, straight rhizome, covered with films, the leaves are collected in a bunch. It differs from numerous representatives of the family by whole or slightly lobed, leathery, wintering leaves. The leaves are 4-5 cm wide, 20 to 40 cm long, favorable conditions up to 50 cm, and in exceptional cases even more. Growing up, they form an extremely interesting bush. And although the leaves are evergreen, frost can harm them, and therefore it is better to cover the plants for the winter. New leaves appear in early summer. Sori are located in pairs on the underside of the leaf and are covered with a membranous coverlet that protects them until ripening.

In Russian floriculture, 1 species is used.

Scolopendra leaflet - Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. = Asplenium scolopendrium L.= Scolopendrium vulgare sm. Hemicryptophyte. Mountain view, common in Eurasia in areas with a Mediterranean and humid climate. In the wild, it is found in the forests of the Caucasus, the Carpathians, southern Europe, Asia and North America. Grows on calcareous rocks and screes, in moist, shady forests, often on fine humus accumulating in rocky crevices. Occurs from hills to mountains. Phyllitis scolopendrium Photo by Olga Bondareva Phyllitis scolopendrium f. ramosum Photo by Olga Bondareva Phyllitis scolopendrium "Serratifolia" Photo by Mikhail Polotnov Phyllitis scolopendrium "Undulata" Photo Vinyarsky Dmitry Phyllitis scolopendrium "Cristatum" Phyllitis scolopendrium "Ramo Cristatum" Photo of Mikhail Polotnov Perennial fern up to 60 (15-30) cm tall, with a thick rhizome densely covered with scales. The leaf blade is entire, belt-like, 3-7 cm wide, with almost parallel, sometimes wavy edges, an acute or blunt apex, and a heart-shaped base. The petiole is three times shorter than the blade, covered with green or brown scales in the form of short hairs. Sori are arranged in pairs along the entire leaf. Spores ripen in the second half of summer. It is especially attractive decorative forms: with a wavy leaf blade - f. undulata; f. marginatum - with narrow fronds having a wavy edge or they are divided into lobes; f. cristatum - the leaf blade is mostly entire and smooth, and only the apex is comb-shaped along the edge; also interesting: capitate (f. capitaturn); curly (f. crispum) and discontinuous (f. laceratum); f. ramosum- leaf blades forked branched; f. ramo-cristatrum - combines the branching of the plates with the fan tips of the leaf lobes.

Japanese leaflet - Phyllitis japonica Cat. The range of the East Asian continental-island type: Russia (Sakhalin - the southern part, Moneron, Kunashir, Ussuri district), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), the Korea Peninsula, Northeast China. Very rare view growing in mixed forests on shady and rocky mountain slopes, on the seashores, in tall grass. Occurs singly. Mesophyte. Winter-hardy (zones 3-4). The original fern with whole lanceolate-belt-shaped dark green leathery and shiny leaves. Close to Ph. scolopendrium (L.) Newm. The height of the plant is 20-40 cm, the leaves are few, their base is heart-shaped, the sori are linear, the rhizome is small, short. In SakhKNII since 1960, grows well on alpine slide in a shady place. Grows in mid-May. Interesting for rocky gardens and for planting in parks in shady places. Photo by Yuri Markovsky

Location: in nature it prefers damp shaded rocks, screes in forests on limestone substrates, so in the garden it needs to be provided with partial shade or shade, limestone soil rich in humus and a place somewhere between stones. However positive quality of this species is its relative drought tolerance.

Phyllitis scolopendrium
Photo Shakhmanova Tatiana

AT Central Russia grows well in the shade and partial shade, among the stones, but it must be covered in the autumn by the fall of the leaves of linden, oak, maple, since the leaflet is quite thermophilic. Delicate varieties ‘Cristatum‘ (with curly fronds) and ‘Angustatum‘ (with twisted fronds) require shelter for the winter.

Reproduction: dividing the bush (lateral buds) in the spring. Planting depth 1-2 cm (apical bud should be located on the soil surface). The distance between plants is 30 cm. It can also be propagated by segments of leaves in spring. The leaves are cut along with part of the shoot, after which they are left for several months in a warm room in moist sandy soil or in peat. When the buds appear, the shoots are transferred to a cooler place for stabbing. Seedlings acquire hardiness after a year.

Usage: very effective on rocky areas. In flower beds and rockeries, it is planted in the most prominent, front areas. The leaves are stably decorative, so the fern can also be used in room conditions. Remember that leaflets grow slowly, do not spread, and are durable. Their whole leaves provide an interesting contrast to the openwork greens of most other ferns.

Phyllitis, Leaflet. Fern from the humid mountain forests of Europe. Fern, common leaflet is the only one of its kind, which has wavy edges, tongue-shaped, light green, shiny leaves, forming a wide bush 20-40 cm high.

Types and varieties of leaflets

Leaf leaf (Phyllitis scolopendrium)

In the wild, it is distributed in the humid mountain forests of Europe, Asia and eastern North America. This is a one-of-a-kind fern that has wavy edges, tongue-shaped, light green, shiny leaves, forming a wide bush 20-40 cm high.

leaflet care

Listovnik does not tolerate dry sunny areas. It should be planted in shaded, cool places on loose, moist soils fertilized with humus. Plants respond well to composting and spraying with water in dry weather.

leaflet reproduction

The leaflet is propagated by cuttings in the spring and transplantation of young plants formed from spores. Landing distance 50-60 cm.

Listovnik (Phyllitis) - fern with a short, straight rhizome, covered with films, the leaves are collected in a bunch. It differs from numerous representatives of the family by whole or slightly lobed, leathery, wintering leaves.

The leaves are 4-5 cm wide, 20 to 40 cm long, in favorable conditions up to 50 cm, and in exceptional cases even more. Growing up, they form an extremely interesting bush. And although the leaves are evergreen, frost can harm them, and therefore it is better to cover the plants for the winter. New leaves appear in early summer. Sori are located in pairs on the underside of the leaf and are covered with a membranous coverlet that protects them until ripening.

The name comes from the Greek word "phyllon" - leaf, which indicates the originality of its leaves, which have only hints of pinnateness, fronds have almost a whole plate. From the creeping shoot grow leathery lanceolate whole leaves with a kidney-shaped base on short scaly petioles. All this makes the plant look like a tongue, it is called “deer tongue”.

The genus includes up to 10 species of ferns distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. In Russian floriculture, 1 type is used:

Scolopendra leaflet (Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) newm. = Asplenium scolopendrium L. = Scolopendrium vulgare Sm.) - mountain view, common in Eurasia in areas with a Mediterranean and humid climate. In the wild, it is found in the forests of the Caucasus, the Carpathians, southern Europe, Asia and North America. Grows on calcareous rocks and screes, in moist, shady forests, often on fine humus accumulating in rocky crevices. Occurs from hills to mountains. Hemicryptophyte.

Perennial fern up to 60 (15-30) cm tall, with a thick rhizome densely covered with scales. The leaf blade is entire, belt-like, 3-7 cm wide, with almost parallel, sometimes wavy edges, an acute or blunt apex, and a heart-shaped base. The petiole is three times shorter than the blade, covered with green or brown scales in the form of short hairs. Sori are arranged in pairs along the entire leaf. Spores ripen in the second half of summer.

Its decorative forms are especially attractive: with a wavy leaf blade - f. undulata; f. marginatum - with narrow fronds having a wavy edge or they are divided into lobes; f. cristatum - the leaf blade is mostly entire and smooth, and only the apex is comb-shaped along the edge; also interesting: capitate (f. capitaturn); curly (f. crispum) and discontinuous (f. laceratum); f. ramosum - forked leaf blades; f. ramo-cristatrum - combines the branching of the plates with the fan tips of the leaf lobes.