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Sentences with "sawdust"

We found 62 sentences with the word "sawdust". See also synonyms for "sawdust".
Meaning of the word

• I settled there with a father and mother, two children and a maid, a doll with a porcelain face and stuffed sawdust rag body.
• They were restored, and the residents of Solginsky themselves still live in crumbling sawdust houses and even barracks.
• Then they cut out everyone's brains and stuffed their heads with rotten sawdust.
• Warriors ate the bodies of their dead comrades, fed elephants sawdust.
• There, the ice is laid as tightly as possible block to block, sprinkled on top sawdust This keeps the ice from melting.
• This out of stinginess ordered to drown sawdust instead of wood.
• They entered the hall, the floor of which was strewn sawdust, and mirrors in oval gilded frames are hung on the walls.
• Rayleigh carefully dried and filtered the new gas by blowing it through a porcelain tube with hot copper sawdust.
• There is a barrier at the entrance to the village, a section of the road is filled up sawdust impregnated with a disinfectant solution.
• Among other things, there was also a barrel with eggs laid sawdust, wine, lemons, as well as oil packed in ice so that it does not melt.
• After a frozen street in the basement it seems warm, it smells of damp sawdust.
• Then he confirmed his good attitude: he carefully cut off the sprinkled sawdust a crust of bread and threw it not to the dog, but to me.
• I guessed to put it on strewn sawdust the floor and kicking when the line moved.
• On the cycled school floor, one after another, Keta's black curls fell and mixed with sawdust in mask.
• At night he studied French and German, keeping his feet warm in a box of sawdust.
• sawdust, and what?
• sprinkled sawdust runways for jumping over a horse.
• At the bazaar, we bought what was cheaper, including bran, usually mixed almost half with wood sawdust.
• Anyway, under sawdust the ice melts very slowly, I myself saw thin pieces of ice back in May, and even in June.
• We also solved the problem with sawdust, which could get into the station in the process of performing preparatory operations.
• They dug a deep trench 5 m long and 30 cm deep and filled it with the same sawdust and needles to make it softer to land.
• So, once every two weeks, road workers were given one and a half kilograms of bread with sawdust and the same amount of flour, 100 grams of molasses or sugar.
• Clearing his throat, he spat into a bucket of sawdust and mixed everything with a spatula.
• In this case sawdust Igor Tikhomirov and Andrey Myagkostupov appeared.
• And on the same day, after a long ride on horseback, we ordered to bake buns with tea for tea. sawdust!
• And drawn like a sack of sawdust, I swayed measuredly under his arm.
• Saving on firewood, he ordered to heat sawdust.
• Sawdust, steam, soft separation of lignin from cellulose, column extraction with water and weak alkali.
• She managed to fall sawdust, and the tiger missed, flying over it.
• As a heater between the layers of lining fell asleep sawdust, which sagged over time, and eternal cold reigned in the beams.
• Uniformists were operating there, thickly sprinkling it with fresh sand brought directly from the city beach, poured sawdust, leveled it all with brooms.
• Drunk Redhead, as a relative recalled, for some reason endlessly shouted: “Ui-yu”, received slaps in the face and at the same time fell face down in sawdust.
• Aluminum sawdust and flash powder burn at over a thousand degrees.
• As a result sawdust swollen with moisture, the bear fell ill with internal decay, and continued injections only hastened its end.
• There were shavings on the plank floor and sawdust on which we slept.
• Musin apologized, tried to sweep away with a hat sawdust and accidentally sprinkled them on the inspector.
• When it was opened, they found aluminum sawdust.
• Hot copper sawdust the gas was also purified from that negligible amount of oxygen that still remained in it.
• Inside him, like any decent bear, were sawdust.
• Sawdust they fell under the shirt or stuck to the naked, sweaty body and unpleasantly pricked.
• Both branches and needles will go into action, and sawdust.
• To achieve a special effect, Braque decided to add sand to the paint, sawdust or metal shavings.
• It remains only to lay out beautifully sawdust on the monitor to make you feel comfortable in my room with port wine and skeletons.
• He is obsessed with a mania for counting everything, so he is distracted by sawdust, grain and other bulk items.
• Uncle Grisha first stepped into sawdust(as the first appearance of an artist is called in circus slang) at the age of eighteen.
• We even hand over shavings, almost every one sawdust we think.
• In warm weather sawdust smelled strongly, this smell was mixed with the smell of latrines.
• The senator tried to bury his face in sawdust arenas.
• I tried to run and, stumbling over the barrier, fall (beat off my sides and knees), burrowed into sawdust, but no effect.
• Moist wood chips are placed in the autoclave. sawdust and increase pressure and temperature.
• We wanted to saw everything, chop it, arrange the logs in thickness and color, and only then sweep everything sawdust.
• Exhausted from laughter, Kisso fell on sawdust as if losing consciousness.
• In addition, the loaves contained wood sawdust.
• But Dave saw in his coffin lifting some stupid iron sawdust.
• What was my horror when they poured out sawdust!
• A tipsy man, watching acrobats jump, fall into sawdust clowns, believes that he can show something.
• Receiving an electrical impulse sawdust coupled, and the coherer began to conduct a signal.
• Everyone went one by one, merrily jumping into sawdust.
• But after an hour they turned black and looked like iron sawdust.
• Therefore, Mason's technology found immediate application in the refinement of feed in agriculture, whether it be sawdust or straw.
• He threw Venus into sparkling sawdust He showered her with kisses.
• It seemed that the throat and lungs were burned with boiling water, and then metal sawdust.

Source - introductory fragments of books from LitRes.

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The ice theme is a frequent guest on the pages of Internet publications and the media. But due to established traditions, ice is presented exclusively in a negative way - as a formidable and uncontrollable destroyer. For some reason, all ice drifts on the rivers occur “unexpectedly”, sea vessels collide with icebergs that have appeared from nowhere, and glaciers descend on cities and settlements “for no reason at all”. The fact that ice is also a creator is mentioned extremely rarely and sparingly.

Ice is a durable, accessible and very common substance in nature. Already today, with the development of the resources of the North of our country, this material is increasingly used in construction. + + +

Ice is sometimes called some substances in a solid state of aggregation, which tend to have a liquid or gaseous form when room temperature; in particular, dry ice, ammonia ice or methane ice.+

Today we will present our readers with little-known old and new developments related to the use of ice and ice-composites as a structural and building material in the construction of various buildings, road construction and related areas of human activity. + + +

Ice Builder

Ice is a material with a small elastic limit. Its elastic properties usually manifest themselves under short-term loads. Under the action of constant loads (even small ones), plastic deformation of ice occurs, the ice slowly “flows”. This explains the movement of glaciers in the mountains. + + +

The main features of ice as a building material are summarized in the works of K.F. Voitkovsky, 1954, 1999, I.S. Peschansky, 1967, monographs "Engineering glaciology", 1971, etc. + + +

The main limitation for the use of ice in the construction of engineering structures is that when the ambient temperature rises above 0 ° C, they melt and, therefore, lose the quality of building materials. + + +

The destruction of ice occurs during bending deformation, starting from about 15 kg/cm2, and during compression from loads of the order of 30 kg/cm2 or more.+ + +

However, the strength of the ice can be increased. Back in the middle of the 19th century, scientists froze soap bubbles and found out that thin films of crystallized water are very durable: they do not have heat shrink shells and cracks. + + +

Principle " thin films” is now used in Yakutia when structures are erected from monolithic ice: layer by layer is quickly frozen on top of an inflatable formwork in the form of an arch. The strength of this design is not inferior to concrete. + + +

The main trouble with ice is different - this material is good only in winter. With the onset of spring, it collapses. Therefore, the stability of structures made of ice and snow can be ensured only in cases where the ice and snow structures are protected from melting or when the possible degree of their thawing does not exceed the value allowed by the conditions of operation of the structure. + + +

But quick-witted scientists have already invented "non-melting ice." + + +

It is a chemically inert substance that can: melt and solidify repeatedly; have a melting point of about 150°C; maintain strength and hardness up to 70°С ( Maximum temperature in the sun in hot climates) conduct heat poorly; be harmless to humans.+ + +

In addition to ordinary water, this building material is based on sulfur-polymer cement or elemental sulfur with a large proportion of its polymeric allotropes and a small proportion of various stabilizer additives. Polymeric sulfur allotropes play the role of a binder in this composite material. + + +

Briefly about the history of "ice construction"

Every year hundreds of thousands of buildings around the world are demolished and something new is built in their place. As a rule, millions of tons of garbage must be removed and new ones brought in. Construction Materials. Builders have long dreamed of creating an "eternal" material from which a new structure can be built, while destroying the old one. + + +

There is an analogue of such material; it has been used in the circumpolar space since time immemorial. It's ice.+ + +

In Russia, rather voluminous amusing buildings have been built at least since the time of Anna Ioannovna. In 1740, the Russian empress, for fun, decided to celebrate the jester's marriage to one of the court hangers-on. For this purpose, an ice house was built in St. Petersburg on the Neva with a base area of ​​about 80 m2 and a height of up to 6 m. The walls and floor of the house were lined with ice slabs and sealed with water. The house turned out to be solid and beautiful, corresponding to the ceremony for which it was intended. + + +

In Yakutia, "ice huts" are still being created everywhere. To do this, wooden residential buildings are abundantly watered in the cold with water. The rather thick crust of ice that forms after the freezing of water contributes to a better preservation of heat in the premises.+ + +

Modern Eskimos, who inhabit the Arctic coast of North America, skillfully build huts out of ice. For the most part, these are small “igloo” buildings for a family of four. These buildings are domed. The inner diameter of an ordinary hut is about 3 m with a floor-to-ceiling height of up to 2 m. The domed shape gives the hut increased strength and minimizes heat loss through the outer surface.+ + +

To build a hut, about 60 snow bricks 60x60x20 cm3 in size are harvested. When laying, bricks are held together by water. The entrance to the hut is oriented at an angle of 90° to the direction of the prevailing winds. When burning fat lamps, the temperature in the hut is maintained at about 2 ° C. If, however, a hearth is set up in the hut and the walls are covered with animal skins or an awning, the temperature in it at a height of 1.5 m above the floor can be raised to 25 ° C.+ + +

Ice crossings have played a significant role in the history of our country. Even during the war with the Swedes, Russian troops crossed the ice of the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia. AT civil war an ice crossing operated on the Sea of ​​Azov (between Kerch and the Taman Peninsula). In the northern regions Soviet Union in former times, the railway track was often laid directly on the ice of rivers and lakes.

During the Great Patriotic War across the ice of Lake Ladoga to the besieged Leningrad passed highway 27 km long, known in history as the "Road of Life". So that the ice cover, under the influence of the flow of cars passing through it, does not come into resonant vibrations and does not collapse, special measures. To do this, the load of vehicles was selected in such a way that the frequency of free oscillations of the ice cover differed from the frequency with which the approaching vehicles acted on the ice cover. + + +

As the Allies prepared to land in Europe, they seriously considered building a fleet of huge aircraft carriers out of ice. There are still quite a few who believe that this idea was pure madness, as well as those who consider it an original and reasonable technical idea. + + +

It is not entirely clear who first came up with this, but it is known that the idea of ​​iceberg airfields was discussed in 1942 by Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Lord Louis Mountbatten, head of United Operations, the British organization responsible for the development of offensive weapons. + + +

A little later, the idea was transformed into a design. British engineer and scientist Geoffrey Pyke, an employee of the Mountbatten department, proposed assembling warships from frozen ice blocks, integrating refrigeration pipes into the structure. + + +

Pike experimented with a curious material named after him by fellow scientists. picrite(Pykrete), and was a frozen mixture of water and cellulose (actually small sawdust). It turned out that this ice was many times stronger than usual, and even melted several times more slowly. + + +

Pretty detailed on this. historical fact written by a group of scientists (Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. Yuri Semyonov, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. Sergey Filin and others) in an extensive work “ Innovative technologies use of ice-composite materials in the construction and operation of floating facilities” in June 2011.+ + +

Everyone knows the refrigerator

The use of ice in national economy Russia is diverse. But most often ice has been used, is used and will be used in the future in natural refrigerators. + + +

Currently world economy has not come out of the crisis, which is characterized by increased demand for energy and other raw materials. + + +

An industrial modernization project can only be successful if the innovative solutions envisaged in it win the recognition of potential investors-manufacturers, i.e. the implementation stage plays one of the key roles in the innovation process. All this fully applies to various projects associated with the use of specific properties of ice.+ + +

So, the benefits of returning to the strategy of mass use of free cooling do not even need to be discussed, because it is obvious. Any owner of an individual estate and summer cottage will confirm with confidence that due to a well-equipped cellar with a supply of ice, he will be able to save 20% of energy costs. And in permafrost areas, they simply drill a well to a depth of 3-4 meters and get a free year-round refrigerator. + + +

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, commercial ice harvesting was a thriving business. The process of harvesting ice was as labor intensive as one can imagine - people didn't have modern equipment - they used giant ice picks and saws, and horses pulled huge mountains of ice. + + +

Ice harvesting was considered hard work, hundreds of men toiled for months cutting ice. Then the ice on horseback was taken to the ice storage. + + +

At that time, the American and Russian landscape was full of thousands of ice storages, from small frequent ones to huge, commercial ones. + + +

The ice storage facilities were double-walled, tightly insulated, filled with sawdust or other insulating materials that could store huge amounts of ice for summer months. One of the largest ice storage facilities, located on the shores of Bantam Lake, Connecticut, occupied two football fields in length, contained 14 compartments and contained more than 50,802 tons of ice. + + +

Used in Russia, and in the countries of the circumpolar world, ice-cooling refrigerators, depending on their design and ice supply, can be divided into the following types:+ + +

• ice storages with a seasonal supply of ice, in particular storages made of snow;
• warehouse-refrigerators made of ice and frozen soil;
• permanent glaciers with seasonal ice reserves;
• glaciers with a short-term supply of ice - ice pocket refrigerators;
• ice wagons and isothermal vehicles cooled by natural and artificial ice.

The main characteristics of these refrigerators are the operating cost of 1 cubic meter. containers and specific consumption ice during the day to maintain 1 cubic meter of usable volume of the temperature difference between storage and outside air at 1 ° C. + + +

Ice food storage includes snow and ice piles, as well as ice platforms, which are temporary refrigeration facilities that do not require special building materials and additional ice during the season. + + +

Ice structures provide a storage temperature of usually 0 to 5°C at a relative humidity of 95-100% and are intended for: + + +

• piles and platforms - for vegetables, storage of which in machine refrigerators is still inaccessible, and in conventional storage facilities is not always of high quality;
• ice warehouses - for the storage of various products, mainly at near-zero temperatures.

In the northeast, ice and ice-frozen cold stores provide temperatures of -10°C and below and can be effectively used as temporary and permanent facilities for economic development, in particular, in the regions of the North and the Far East.+ + +

What are NZ ice warehouses (emergency reserve)

In our time, NZ ice warehouses with a capacity of up to 1000 tons are being successfully built to store various food products in them. Ice warehouses were invented by M.M. Krylov.+ + +

The main building material for these warehouses is water, which is frozen in winter on a pre-installed lightweight frame.+ + +

The main part of the storage system of M. M. Krylov is an ice massif with a central corridor and chambers for products located on its sides. + + +

The basis of the warehouse is ice frozen in a pit 0.8 meters deep. Ice walls 2 meters thick turn into vaults. The distance between the walls of the chambers is about 5 meters. + + +

For better preservation of the ice warehouse, it is covered from the outside with a thick layer of peat or sawdust. From the end of the ice warehouse, a vestibule is arranged with good insulation of walls and ceilings from heat. + + +

Outside, the ice warehouse looks like a low brown hill. It is difficult to imagine that inside there are spacious chambers with bluish ice walls and vaults that sparkle under electric lighting. + + +

To prevent the ice warehouse from melting, the temperature is kept below zero in it. To do this, niches are arranged in the walls where ice-salt cooling devices are located, the so-called "lattice pockets". They are periodically loaded with a mixture of ice and salt. Every winter, the ice massif is frozen and the melted ice layer is restored, as well as its reserves used up for ice-salt cooling + + +

In ice warehouses built in Siberia and in the northern regions, it turned out to be possible to maintain temperatures below –100 ° C during the entire summer period due to the cold accumulated in the ice massif and the foundation of the warehouse during winter cold charging. Thus, the problem of food storage in settlements where there were no refrigerators with machine cooling. + + +

Ice warehouses equipped with refrigeration units were built almost throughout the North of Russia: in Norilsk, Dudinka. Yakutsk and others + + +

The advantages of such warehouses over typical refrigerators are their relative cheapness and stability of the temperature regime. If in a typical refrigerator it is necessary to install refrigeration machines with a clear power reserve in case of an emergency stop, then in ice warehouses, the failure of the refrigeration machine does not pose a danger, since the cold zone in the ice mass excludes the possibility of a rapid increase in the temperature of the stored products. + + +

Ice paves the way

When they say that there are two troubles in Rus': "Fools and roads", then this is not entirely true. For why should a Russian peasant build expensive earthly roads? With the first frosts, all rivers and reservoirs in Rus' are covered with ideal road surface with ice. + + +

The ice cover of rivers and reservoirs has a significant carrying capacity, allowing it to be used for transport and construction purposes. + + +

Ice crossings across rivers and lakes are widely used. In Siberia, often even in the presence of bridges, the cargo flow in winter time is heading over the ice, bypassing the bridge, not to mention the countless crossings of rivers by winter roads. In some cases, the ice cover is used as a temporary additional construction site in the construction of hydraulic structures. + + +

If there are through cracks or breaks in the ice cover, then the ultimate load decreases significantly as it approaches the ice edge.+ + +

The decrease in the long-term bearing capacity of the ice cover is the more intense, the higher the air temperature. The limiting load during its action during the day decreases on average two times compared to the short-term load, and when the load acts for 100 hours, it decreases three times. + + +

If it is necessary to cross the ice of heavy loads, the weight of which exceeds the calculated bearing capacity of the natural ice cover, apply various ways its hardening. In severe climate conditions, especially in the initial period of ice cover formation, an increase in ice thickness by sprinkling is successfully used. + + +

Thus, in mid-November 1981, near Yakutsk, a layer of granulated ice was frozen at the Lena crossing. The thickness of the natural ice cover at that time was about 40 cm. pumping station with a head up to 100 m with a sprinkler nozzle that creates a drip torch. The air temperature was from –32 to –42°С.+ + +

During the flight of water droplets, they were supercooled and partially frozen, the ice content in the plume was 40-67%. At the point of contact of the torch with the ice surface, a layer was formed from a mixture of ice balls and water, which quickly froze and turned into a layer of granular ice. An artificially frozen layer of granular ice is more homogeneous in structure compared to natural ice cover. + + +

Freezing of granulated ice makes it possible to seal cracks in the ice and form the surface of the carriageway of the crossing, increase the grip of the wheels of vehicles with ice, and increase the duration of the crossing. Ice freezing is also used for the arrangement of exits from the shore to the ice cover. + + +

The concept of ice composite materials

The builders of the Arctic are constantly using ice concrete as a building material. So called ice with pebbles included in it. Ice concrete is so strong that when working with it, even the steel teeth of excavators often break. And this technology is not at all innovative, but what is called a “beard”.+ + +

Back in 1934, Professor B.G. Skramtaev and engineer V.I. Soroker proposed to use "ice concrete" as a building material for winter fortifications - a homogeneous mixture of sand (29%), gravel or crushed stone (64%) and water (7%). + + +

Their tests of "ice concrete" showed that in terms of compressive strength, "ice concrete" is equal to good cement concrete used in civil engineering, or brick of the first grade. In terms of bending strength, “ice concrete” turns out to be two to four times higher than concrete and brick. + + +

Another option for ice-concrete is ice with the addition of wood pulp "ice-plastic" to it. This material withstands pressure up to 50 kg/cm2 and can be used as a substitute for cement in the construction of dams on the rivers of the Arctic.+ + +

Reinforcing ice with fibrous material increases its yield strength and increases strength. When using cotton and wood fibers, the strength increases by 2-3 times, fiberglass gives an increase in strength up to 8 times. Sawdust and crushed peat, moistened with water and applied to the surface of the ice, well protect against melting. warehouses from ice and ice moorings. + + +

Such properties are useful for protecting ice masses from melting, for example, for extending the life of ice crossings and roads.+ + +

In the work of A.M. Chekotilo "The use of snow, ice and frozen ground in fortification", published in 1943, provides interesting examples of testing various fortifications made of snow, ice and frozen ground. + + +

So, for example, an observation post was tested, built of well-compacted snow with walls 1.3-1.4 m thick, with anti-spill clothing made of wattle, round in plan, with a diameter of 1.0 m. The tests were carried out at a temperature of minus 22-23 °C. Fired from an easel machine gun with bursts of 20 bullets. The walls were not penetrated by either simple or armor-piercing bullets. + + +

Nurmagambet Nurpeisov, an inventor from Astana, came up with a conceptually new type of concrete filled with… ice. The new material will make it possible to build buildings more than a kilometer high without any problems. The concrete invented by the engineer was named "Nurais".+ + +

Its secret lies in the following. Artificial ice balls are added to the concrete solution, which melt for a very long time - not immediately, but only when the concrete has time to set. The balls begin to melt already inside the hardened concrete, and this strengthens it even more. Such concrete not only retains heat well, but also has good strength. + + +

The Arctic needs ice islands

The shelf of the Arctic seas off the coast of Russia covers an area of ​​more than 1 million square meters. km. Within the shelf, areas with supposed huge reserves of oil and gas have been identified, there are also deposits of iron, non-ferrous metals and other minerals. If earlier the issues of development of the Arctic shelf were considered mainly with scientific point From our point of view, specific projects for the extraction of minerals, primarily oil and gas, are already being discussed. + + +

Thick ice in the Arctic seas and their movements create serious difficulties and limit the possibilities of conducting exploration and exploitation of deposits here. + + +

One of promising directions for the organization of offshore oil and gas production is the creation of artificial ice and ice-ground islands, which increases the duration of the crossing. + + +

Experimental and theoretical studies of the possibilities of using ice platforms and ice islands were started in the USA and Canada in connection with the exploration of oil fields on the shelf of the Beaufort Sea and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. + + +

The platforms were created by periodically pouring water and layer-by-layer freezing of ice on a platform with a diameter of 122 m on a natural ice cover. Such ice platforms turned out to be quite reliable in those places where during the drilling period there was no significant movement of the ice cover. Several artificial ice islands have also been created. + + +

In 1980, the expedition of the Igarskaya station of the Institute of Permafrost Science of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the shelf of the Kara Sea near Cape Kharasavey on the Yamal Peninsula created a temporary experimental ice island to study the processes of freezing ice from sea water. + + +

Observations of the process of ice freezing, the temperature regime of the ice massif and its melting made it possible to assess the possibilities of building ice islands suitable for drilling exploration and production wells and to develop some practical advice for the design and construction of such islands.+ + +

Calculations show that artificial ice islands on the shelf of the Arctic seas can successfully compete with rigid platforms and other types of facilities for oil and gas production, where the sea depth does not exceed 10 m.+ + +

When building artificial foundations, it is advisable to use ice in combination with thawed and frozen soils and other materials. Such Constructive decisions, which allow you to create massifs of ice and frozen soils and ensure their thermal and mechanical stability. Theoretical background for the development of such projects, artificial foundations already exist. + + +

Usually we don't think about ice - we think about it in the summer heat, when the refrigerator is not available and we have to drink warm drinks. The icy, cold, hard and slippery truth is that ice as a substance and as a building material deserves closer attention and respect. We still have much and much more to learn about the past, present and future of ice and snow through the diligent study of these cold things. + + +

Boris Skupov

Ceiling insulation with sawdust is a method that has been tested for centuries. Sawdust, shavings, woodworking materials, as well as moss, reeds, straw were used to insulate their homes, protecting themselves from the cold in winter and escaping from the heat in summer, residents of different countries.

AT old times when there was no freezers people have learned store ice by filling it with a thick layer of sawdust. Anyone who has been to the Polar Tundra knows what is under thin layer moss is permafrost, which does not thaw even on hot summer days. And the thatched roofs of the dwellings of the natives of the equatorial countries save from the heat. The thatched roofs of the houses of our ancestors protected not only from rain, but also from the cold.

In modern times, sawdust, as a ceiling insulation, is somewhat forgotten, but it is still used, especially where this material is cheap, available and there are woodworking enterprises where buying and delivering material to the place is not difficult.

How to insulate the ceiling wooden house sawdust is used for those who wish to use their own hands natural materials so as not to fear for the environmental friendliness of the product. It must be said right away that, despite the cheapness of the material, work on insulating the ceiling in the house with sawdust - difficult technological process requiring preparation.

Insulation of the ceiling of a private house with sawdust is always performed with outside. In its pure form, dry sawdust is rarely used. They are mixed with other materials to improve not only thermal insulation properties material, but also to protect against moisture, fungus, mold, rodents and insects. There are antiseptic and fire-retardant substances on sale.

Sawdust is poured onto a plastic film spread under a canopy and processed antiseptic then, after drying, fire retardant solution. If the beams and logs of the attic floor were not processed during the construction process, then they should also be processed.

Between the lags, a thick cardboard or vapor barrier film is placed on the ceiling. "Izospan" smooth side to the heater. Sawdust is covered in layers with tamping. The thickness of the backfill is made from the calculation 150-200 mm provided that the air temperature does not fall below -20 degrees, lowering the temperature by 1 degree requires an additional addition of 2-3 cm of sawdust.

Ceiling insulation in a private house with sawdust and layer height for harsh conditions reaches 350-400 mm, therefore, it is necessary to increase the existing logs in height with additional boards. Sawdust is best mixed with lime in a ratio of 1:5.

This filling method is suitable for lungs wooden floors . If the ceiling is insulated with clay and sawdust, then the density of this mixture will be higher, and therefore it is used for durable structures ceiling, where the overlap is made with a tongue-and-groove floorboard or thick boards overlapping with overlapping slots, as was done in the old days.

Do-it-yourself ceiling insulation with sawdust in a private house

The attic floor is covered with cardboard or parchment, you can lay vapor barrier film. Then cook mixture: in a large container, a bathroom is suitable, clay is soaked, mixed until the consistency of liquid sour cream. Next, sawdust is poured onto a tin sheet with curved edges; mixed with clay solution.

The resulting the mass when compressed in a fist should not release water, you can add a little slaked lime. The finished mass is lifted to the attic and a layer 100-150 mm spread on paper or film and lightly rammed. During the laying process, previously laid layers that have dried out are supplemented with a fresh layer. This is how cracks formed during shrinkage are closed.

There is no certain proportion, it all depends on the degree of moisture content of the sawdust, the type of wood, the quality of the clay. The recipe is worked out before starting work.

Advice. First, dissolve the clay in a small container (in a basin), stir until the consistency of liquid sour cream. Then pour sawdust into another container in measured portions, for example, 3 buckets. Add a measured amount of the prepared clay solution and a small part of the lime, you can do without it. Mix the ingredients until smooth so that the sawdust is saturated with clay mortar and does not release water when compressed.

Take the prepared mixture to the attic, put it on the surface and check the result after the mixture has dried. Here's what should happen.

1 - a mixture of sawdust with clay,
3 - side board, extended to raise the height of the laid layer,
2 - a substrate made of parchment, cardboard or vapor barrier material.

Insulation of the ceiling with clay and sawdust

If the layer of the mixture after drying has not undergone significant deformations, then adhere to the recipe derived from the experiment, and get to work. The road will be mastered by the walking one.

Certain proportions exist when sawdust, cement and sand are prepared plates. Here the proportions are 1 bucket of cement + 2 buckets of sand + 8 buckets of sawdust - this is a proven technology. The order of preparation in a concrete mixer:

• mix cement and sand;
• then add half a bucket of water and mix;
• then sawdust falls asleep.

During kneading, make sure that the mixed mass is homogeneous. If the mixture is too dry, you can add water, the main thing is not to overdo it. The mixture is ready when, when squeezed in the hands, almost no moisture will be released from it.

Can add plasticizer: liquid glass 200 grams, but this is for foundations or for a plinth. The mixture can also be used to insulate the ceiling. But this technology is laborious, you need certain skills to work with a concrete mixer, you need helpers, and the cost is not much cheaper than laying a roll or tile insulator.

They insulate more often houses that are made of wood concrete panels at the place of production of these plates, when there is an abundance of material and experience in preparing the mixture has been gained.

To replace sawdust, similar materials appeared: cellulose. Chemical composition looks like sawdust. Cellulose arrives as a packaged insulation in bags.

"Green Pulp"- Ecological wool consists of 80% cellulose, the rest is additives that improve thermal insulation qualities, protection against fire and the harmful effects of microorganisms. The material is free-flowing, suitable for filling hard-to-reach voids in the attic floor.

Useful video

Let's see an example of insulation in the video country house sawdust:

Is it possible to insulate the ceiling with sawdust - you choose. Be guided by economic benefits: price and delivery costs, and if there is significant cost savings, then you can do insulation. Sawdust is the best natural insulation. The fact has been proven by the centuries-old use of this natural material for thermal insulation of attic floors.

Before the advent of modern building materials for the insulation of houses, people actively used natural materials that have the ability to retain heat. For many centuries, clay with sawdust was used to insulate houses made of stone and wood.

Clay with sawdust - has unique thermal insulation qualities and is not only a means of insulation, but also waterproofing. Waterproofing and insulating properties of clay supplemented with sawdust, can even be used for arranging baths, since this material is not subject to destruction even under conditions of possible contact with hot steam, which not all building materials used for insulation and waterproofing can effectively cope with.

Using clay with sawdust as a heater

The advantage of clay from sawdust as a heater is that it prevents heat loss in winter period and helps keep the room pleasantly cool in summer.

One of the main advantages of such a means of insulation as clay with sawdust is that this option can be used in almost any area: both where it is hot most of the time, and where the temperature drops to critical low temperatures. Clay mixed with sawdust not only prevents heat loss in winter, but also helps to maintain a pleasant coolness in the room in summer. In addition to the unique heat and waterproofing properties, this material is very durable, and at the same time environmentally friendly. Some private developers prefer clay precisely because of its environmental safety, because not all modern building materials are trustworthy in this regard and can be used to finish the interior of the premises.

However, it is worth noting that fixing a house with clay mixed with wood waste is far from the easiest way to insulate. The effectiveness of insulation with clay and sawdust is influenced by many factors. Firstly, it is very important to prepare the mixture correctly, since if the proportion is violated, the finished material will not set and, accordingly, will sprinkle very quickly. Secondly, it is necessary to correctly apply insulation to the walls in order to achieve maximum effect.

Clay with sawdust is used mainly for ceiling insulation, that is, in an area where there will be no significant load on the coating.

If you plan to insulate the walls, it is better to use reeds or straw instead of small sawdust. It is believed that it is preferable to use reeds mixed with clay, as mice do not like it very much. The thing is that in this case, straw or reeds will serve as additional reinforcement, thereby increasing bearing capacity and strength of the entire insulation layer.

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What clay and sawdust is better to use for the preparation of an insulating mixture?

From the correct choice of basic materials for the preparation of insulation material depends on how well the heat will be retained in the room in the future. Clay is the main binder. When wetted, the clay is very plastic and very similar to children's plasticine. It is believed that it is best to use red clay for the preparation of the mixture, since it is more plastic, hardens faster and is less susceptible to water saturation. However, if it is not possible to get red clay, it is quite possible to replace it with other varieties of this material, for example, white clay. This will not affect the final result so much, but the finished surface may require more careful maintenance.

Particular attention should be paid to the choice of sawdust. Best for making insulation mixture oak sawdust will do. Oak materials are considered the best option, since they are almost not saturated with moisture, and even if contact with moisture has occurred, there will be no particular harm from this. Oak sawdust does not rot and does not increase in size due to water saturation. If it is not possible to get oak sawdust, sawing waste can be used coniferous trees, including larch, pine or spruce. The use of sawdust from these types of trees also has its advantages. The wood of these trees contains a large number of essential oils, which have a pronounced antibacterial and antifungal character, which will significantly reduce the risk of mold and fungus on the surface of the material and in voids.

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How to prepare a mixture of clay with sawdust?

It is worth saying that there are several ways to use clay with sawdust as a material for insulation, therefore the method of preparing the mixture may differ slightly, as well as the whole technology of further laying. finished material. If desired, you can use a still wet mixture, which is poured onto the ceiling from the side attic space. However, there is another option, which involves the manufacture of clay and sawdust panels, which are then laid in the already dried form in approximately the same way as all panel modern materials designed for insulation.

First of all, you need to prepare everything necessary materials, which will be needed not only during the preparation of the mixture, but also during its use for insulation. The work may require the following materials and tools:

1. Clay.
2. Sawdust.
3. Water.
4. Bucket.
5. Large trough for mixing composition.
6. Hoe.
7. Wooden blocks for making molds for panels.
8. Plywood sheet.

In the manufacture of an insulating mixture, it is very important to observe the proportions correctly, as this will allow in the future to avoid severe cracking of the finished surface. If it is planned to use a mixture intended for application in a wet state, 2/3 buckets of sawdust are taken for 1 bucket of clay. First of all, you need to fill the clay with water to make a thick porridge. It is difficult to say exactly how much water should be taken, since in this case it all depends on how dry the clay was initially. Clay can be soaked with water for quite a long time, especially if it was originally dried to the state of stone. If desired, you can speed up the process of saturating the clay with water by constantly stirring it, but even this method will not give a fast enough effect.

Best to soak right away. required amount clay and let it brew for several days until it reaches the desired consistency. After diluting the clay to a liquid state, sawdust can be added. Clay and sawdust should be thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous thick mixture is obtained. You can mix clay and sawdust with a garden hoe, but if possible, use a household concrete mixer.

For cooking insulation boards clay and sawdust are taken in equal proportions. In this case, you need to immediately prepare molds into which the solution will be poured in the future. To make a mold, it is necessary to put together a grid with cells of at least 50X50 cm from bars, the height of which should be at least 15 cm. This grid is subsequently laid on a plywood sheet to make it easier to pour mortar into it. In addition, the use of plywood allows you to ensure that the plates have one even sidewall. The prepared solution of clay and sawdust is poured into molds and left until completely solidified. After pouring the solution into the molds, it is necessary to carefully level the surface with a spatula. Do not dry insulation panels under direct sunbeams, as this will help lead to severe cracking. It is necessary to make a canopy over the forms or, in extreme cases, throw grass on top to ensure enough level shading.

One of the main problems of public utilities is always considered to be the removal of snow and ice, and despite the constant introduction of new ways to save from ice, salt is still in use. The Village collected 5 street cleaning technologies in countries where snow falls in winter, learned about their pros and cons, and took comments from environmentalists, shoemakers and ordinary residents.

SALT (NaCl)

PETERSBURG, MOSCOW, Kyiv

Cheapness

Harm. Salt is chloride, a very active substance. For example, a few years ago, it led to an accident at the South Substation (Petersburg), breaking the wires laid underground. Salt corrodes pipes, bridges, cars, causes allergies, damages shoes, clothes, animal paws and historical monuments. Not to mention the environment, as it gets into groundwater, soil and rivers.

Sidewalks are sprinkled with industrial salt or salt mixtures based on it.
Snow removal in Kyiv

MOSCOW

KYIV

PETERSBURG

FRICTION METHOD:
SAND AND STONE GRIND

AUSTRIA, FINLAND, GERMANY, SWEDEN AND OTHERS

environmentally friendly, reusable

lingers on the road for no more than half an hour:
it is blown away by the wind, the wheels of cars and the feet of pedestrians.

In Helsinki, the snow is compacted and sprinkled with crushed stone

THORGEIR VAA METHOD

SWEDEN

efficiency, environmental friendliness, long-term result

need special expensive equipment

Torgeir Waa's method is being piloted in Sweden

In 2004, Sweden introduced new method the fight against ice, which was invented by the Swedish scientist Thorgeir Waa. Fine sand in a ratio of 7 to 3 is mixed with hot water 90-95 ° C and sprayed on the streets. Hot sand melts into the snow and makes the surface rough. Such processing is enough for 3-7 days with a daily traffic of about 1,500 vehicles. Or until a new snowfall passes.

ALTERNATIVE CHEMICALS

USA, CANADA, NEW ZEALAND

magnesium chloride

high efficiency

more expensive than technical salt, and causes
even more severe corrosion of metals

Great Salt Lakes in Utah

Americans and Canadians use mainly magnesium chloride, which is mined in the Great Salt Lakes in Utah, to clean streets and sidewalks. MgCl2 contains less chlorine than other chlorides, and its efficiency at a lower consumption is much higher. In the winter of 2010, Maryland spent $50 million to clean up roads, while Virginia spent $79 million. Canada spends $1 billion annually on winter road maintenance.

NO FUNDS

JAPAN AND OTHER 230 COUNTRIES

After a snowfall in Aomori Prefecture

In the mountains of Japan, up to several meters of snow falls during the winter, and in cities - 15–20 cm per night. As a result, by the end of winter, sidewalks and intercity roads turn into narrow snowy canyons with walls 2 people tall and higher. However, roads in Japan are not processed in any way, they only clean off the snow. Therefore, in cities, ice is not such a rare occurrence. At the same time, studded tires are prohibited in the country. By the way, snow removal near houses and on sidewalks is the task of the residents themselves.

OPINION OF THE ENVIRONMENTALIST