In the article we discuss Kuril tea. You will learn what it looks like, where it grows and what it contains. We will talk about the benefits of Kuril tea and contraindications for use. Following our advice, you will learn how to prepare plant-based medicines for the treatment of gastric diseases, disorders of the female genital organs, urolithiasis and strengthening the immune system.

The cinquefoil shrub is a branchy erect shrub of the Pink family (lat. Rosaceae). The Latin name is Pentaphylloides fruticosa. Other names are Kuril tea or shrub cinquefoil. Appearance (photo) of Kuril tea

What does it look like

The Kuril tea shrub reaches a height of 150 cm. The life expectancy of the plant is up to 30 years. The branches are erect, the bark is brown-gray or brown-red. Young shoots are covered with silky hairs.

Pinnately compound leaves are oblong-ovate, consisting of 2, rarely 3, pairs of leaflets covered with hairs. The length of the sheet plate is up to 30 mm, the width is up to 10 mm.

At the tops of the shoots there are from 1 to 7 yellow five-lobed flowers, each of which contains 30 stamens, due to which the middle of the flower looks fluffy. The plant blooms from mid-June to late August.

The fruits are small curved achenes up to 2 mm long, up to 1 mm wide. Kuril tea fruiting from late August to September.

Where does it grow

Herb tea Kuril is found almost throughout the northern hemisphere. Prefers moist, well-drained soils and light areas.

The plant is resistant to cold, able to develop in permafrost conditions. The shrub grows in mountainous areas, in forests, tundra, floodplains, on stone placers.

The most extensive areas of shrub growth are in Eastern Siberia, Central Asia, China, Japan, Mongolia and Far East. Kuril tea is found in Europe, North America and the Caucasus.

Flowers, leaves and rhizomes of Kuril tea

As medicinal raw materials use flowers, leaves and rhizomes of Kuril tea. You can prepare them yourself or purchase ready-made preparations that have passed quality control. In pharmacies, you can buy medicinal raw materials in the form of filter bags - Kuril tea Siberian health.

Chemical composition

Kuril tea contains:

• flavonoids;
• essential oils;
• vitamin C;
• carotenoids;
• potassium;
• magnesium;
• calcium;
• copper;
• cobalt;
• iron;
• phenolic acids;
• tannins;
• saponins;
• catechins;
• resins.

An important feature of Kuril tea is its high content of vitamin C.. In a plant, it is 5 times more than in a lemon.

As we found out, the cinquefoil shrub has a rich composition. We will tell you in more detail how Kuril tea is useful for the body.

Medicinal properties

The Kuril tea plant has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and hemostatic effects. The plant is used to treat diseases gastrointestinal tract and urinary system.

Kuril tea has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Plant-based products are often used to treat influenza and SARS.

The cinquefoil shrub has a beneficial effect on nervous system. Drinks based on it are used as sedatives for increased nervous excitability, stress, and depression.

How to collect

Kuril tea leaves are harvested during the entire growing season, flowers - from July to August, rhizomes - from September to the first frost or in early spring. Collect young and already formed leaves and unblown buds.

Medicinal raw materials are dried in the open air at moderate humidity and without direct sunlight. Store dried leaves and flowers in paper bags or cloth bags in a cool, ventilated area.

How to apply

Kuril tea is used in traditional medicine Kuril tea is widely used in folk medicine. On its basis, medicinal infusions and decoctions are prepared for internal and external use.

Medicines based on Kuril tea are taken for disorders of the nervous, digestive and genitourinary systems. An infusion of the plant is used in gynecology to stop uterine bleeding.

A decoction of the cinquefoil shrub is used in dentistry. It effectively eliminates inflammation, pain syndrome and disinfects the oral cavity with stomatitis, gingivitis and periodontitis.

Kuril tea is taken for diabetes. The drink normalizes fat metabolism in the body and lowers blood sugar levels.

Plant-based products are used externally. With an infusion of Kuril tea, compresses are made for dermatitis and eczema. They have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects and contribute to the restoration of the epidermis.

Consider several recipes of traditional medicine for the treatment of gastric diseases, urolithiasis, disorders of the female genital organs and strengthening the immune system. We will tell you how to brew Kuril tea.

Infusion for stomach ailments

Infusion of Kuril tea is used for gastric diseases, disorders of the biliary tract and the genitourinary system. The tool has a powerful anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action.

Ingredients:

1. Kuril tea - 1 tablespoon.
2. Water - 250 ml.

How to cook: Pour Kuril tea with a glass of boiling water, cover the container with a lid and insist for 1.5 hours.

How to use: Take 1-2 tablespoons up to 3 times a day before meals.

Result: Infusion effectively eliminates pain, relieves inflammation and helps to restore the gastric mucosa.

Decoction for immunity

Due to the high content of vitamin C, Kuril tea decoction is used to strengthen the immune system. The drink has an antiviral effect, so it is used for ARVI and influenza.

Ingredients:

1. Kuril tea - 2 tablespoons.
2. Water - 500 ml.

How to cook: Pour Kuril tea with water, put the container in a water bath and bring to a boil. Boil the drink under the lid for 10 minutes. Before use, let the product brew for at least 2 hours.

How to use: Take 2 tablespoons 3 times a day.

Result: Decoction increases the body's defenses, fights pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

Other application

A decoction of Kuril tea is used to treat the genitourinary system. It should be noted that the drug significantly accelerates the movement of stones, so it is taken after therapy for grinding them in order to reduce pain.

Ingredients:

1. Kuril tea - 3 tablespoons.
2. Water - 500 ml.

How to cook: Pour boiling water over Kuril tea, insist for 2 hours, then put in a water bath and bring to a boil. Simmer on a minimum heat for no more than 10 minutes, remove from the stove and leave for another 15-20 minutes.

How to use: Take 10 ml 2-3 times a day.

Result: The drink effectively relieves inflammation, promotes the movement of stones through the ureter and reduces pain.

In gynecology, infusions and decoctions of Kuril tea are used for oral administration and douching. Means are used to reduce blood loss during menstruation and treat cervical erosion and colpitis. Consider the solution recipe.

Ingredients:

1. Kuril tea - 1 teaspoon.
2. Water - 200 ml.

How to cook: Boil the leaves of Kuril tea for 5 minutes over low heat, remove from the stove and strain the product through a double layer of gauze.

How to use: Draw a warm decoction into a syringe and perform the procedure, Treatment regimen - 2 times a day for 10 days.

Result: The tool effectively relieves inflammation, eliminates discomfort and normalizes the functioning of the mucous membranes of the genital organs.

Kuril tea for external use is used in the treatment of wounds and burns, boils and carbuncles, dermatitis and eczema. AT medicinal purposes fresh leaves of the plant and their decoction are used.

Ingredients:

1. Leaves of Kuril tea - 10 gr.
2. Water - 250 ml.

How to cook: Grind the leaves of Kuril tea, pour boiling water over them and put in a water bath. Simmer over low heat with a lid on for 15 minutes. Strain the finished broth.

How to use: Soak a cotton pad or cloth in the resulting decoction, wring out and apply to damaged area skin for 15 minutes. Repeat the procedure 2-3 times a day. A decoction is used to irrigate the skin in places of burns.

Result: Relieves inflammation, soothes the skin and eliminates redness.

Contraindications

Kuril tea-based products should be used with caution and strictly according to the instructions. Abuse of the plant leads to disruption of the kidneys, cardiovascular and digestive systems.

Contraindications to the use of Kuril tea:

• low blood pressure;
• kidney failure;
• individual intolerance.

Classification

The opinions of scientists on the question of which genus of plants the cinquefoil belongs to differ. Some researchers believe that it belongs to the genus Potentilla, others - Dasiphora. Russian botanists refer the plant to the genus Pentaphylloides.

This plant belongs to the Rosanaceae subfamily (lat. Rosoideae), the Rosaceae family (lat. Rosaceae), the Rosaceae order (lat. Rosales), the Dicotyledonous class (lat. Dicotyledones), the Flowering department (lat. Magnoliophyta).

Varieties

There are two varieties of shrubby cinquefoil: Dasiphora fruticosa subsp. fruticosa and Dasiphora fruticosa subsp. floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz.

For more information about Kuril tea, see the video:

Kuril tea infographics

Photo of Kuril tea, its useful properties and application
Kuril tea infographic

What to remember

1. Medicines based on Kuril tea are taken for disorders of the nervous, digestive and genitourinary systems.
2. Infusions and decoctions of the plant have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, hemostatic, immunomodulatory and antiviral effects.
3. Abuse of products based on Kuril tea leads to disruption of the kidneys, cardiovascular and digestive systems.

» Kuril bush tea(cinquefoil) planting and care in the open field

Kuril shrub tea (cinquefoil) planting and care in the open field

For many years, Kuril tea, also known as cinquefoil and cinquefoil, has been especially popular with gardeners. Shrub strongly branched, belongs to the Rose family. The ascending stems are thin and short, branched upwards, the bottom has practically no foliage. The shrub may be prostrate or upright. Depending on the classification, it can reach from 45 to 160 cm in height. The flowers are small (4 cm in diameter), bright yellow, orange, red or white.

Its homeland can be called Siberia, the Caucasus, the Urals and the Baltic states. In its natural environment, it is found on the banks of reservoirs and rocky slopes of mountains. The flowering period, depending on the species, begins at the end of May and lasts until mid-October. Initially, the plant was used for medicinal purposes and only then as an element of landscape design. The official name is associated with the use of this plant by the inhabitants of the Urals and Kuril Islands to prepare a flavored drink.

Use in landscape design

Cold resistance and decorative appearance allows you to grow Kuril tea everywhere. It is even suitable for decorating permafrost, calcareous soil, a dark place or an open area. As an element of landscaping, the cinquefoil harmoniously looks like in group landings, and in low hedges. It lends itself well to haircuts and artistic modeling, forming neat graceful bushes.

Of great importance is the variety of garden planting. The use of cinquefoil in ornamental gardening directly depends on it. Most of them complement perfectly, emphasizing other plants and creating original contrasts. For stony and more suitable low-growing ground covers (Potentilla brilliant, Altai and stemless). They grow well surrounded by fine gravel and tolerate direct Sun rays. A flowering crown adorns rocky gardens for a long time. Bush Kuril tea forms a luxurious hedge.

Combination with other plants

In a herbal mixborder, the cinquefoil will make a wonderful company for such plants as:

• chamomile;
• mignonette;

Most types of cinquefoil are good "neighbors". Do not plant a plant next to pine trees. Otherwise, there is a risk of infection with fungal diseases.

Fluffy crown, retaining decorative effect up to late autumn, allows Kuril tea to be successfully combined with both early-flowering and late-flowering plants. Harmonious combination obtained from the cinquefoil, hosts and. It is appropriate to supplement it with heather, deciduous and. It is possible to make a flower garden bright and original by planting Kuril tea, catnip and hyssop in it.

Reproduction of bush tea

Depending on the type and variety of cinquefoil, there are many ways to propagate it:

seeds

The most suitable breeding method for Kuril shrub tea. Sowing is best done in late April or early May. A significant disadvantage of this method is a long period of growth and development of culture. Flowering occurs only after 4-5 years. A high percentage of seedling death.

cuttings

It is also used for breeding shrub species. The vegetative method is considered the most effective. Planting material is cut in June. plant in open ground it can only be next year. All this time, the cuttings develop in containers. The planting hole at a permanent place of growth should be at least 40 cm.

Be sure to provide the plant with a good drainage layer. For this, fragments of stone or brick, lime gravel are used. The optimal distance between the bushes is 100 cm. The cinquefoil, if necessary, can be transplanted. The best time for this is early spring.

offspring

The stem closest to the soil is selected. A small incision is made in it and placed in a previously dug shallow hole. The branch, so that it does not rise, is fixed with wire staples. Layering sprinkled with earth and moderately watered. It is best to use this method in the spring, in the fall the delenka will take root. Then you can separate it from the mother bush and transplant it to permanent place.

By dividing the bush

A healthy, well-developed bush (at least 4 years old) is carefully dug out of the ground. Protect the fragile root system you can, if you use a pitchfork to extract it. The roots are lightly shaken off the ground, gently washed and divided into a certain number of parts. Each of which, for full growth, must contain at least 3 buds.

For rapid root formation, special preparations are used. The landing of the division is carried out shallowly, the distance between the holes is at least 30 cm.

Landing and care

Selecting a landing site

The most favorable place for landing is an open area, with a slight blackout. It is possible for a representative of the flora to grow in the shade, but in this case, flowering loses its duration and decorative effect. He is demanding on the ground. Light loamy, sandy loamy, neutral or slightly alkaline environments are preferred.

Landing in clay and loamy soil is unacceptable, compacted earth adversely affects. drainage layer must be at least 25 cm. Most often, river pebbles or ceramic chips are used.

Feeding and watering tea

Top dressing from peat, humus and compost carried out throughout the year. Mineral complexes are needed only in early spring and when planting. Soil loosening is carried out once every 3 months, depth up to 10 cm.

On the territory of the Urals, up to the Kuriles, a medium-sized shrub grows under natural conditions - Potentilla, whose leaves, stems and flowers have long been used to make tea. This drink is still popular and effective for the treatment and prevention of many diseases.

What is Kuril tea

The second name of Potentilla is Kuril tea. This shrub reaches a height of 50-150 cm and combines decorative and medicinal properties. Its flowers may be yellow and White color, and bred by breeders decorative varieties- pink. In nature, the plant is found everywhere, as it is unpretentious. It can be found along the banks of rivers and lakes, in wastelands, in the foothills. It is often planted in city parks, as its flowering period lasts all summer.

Potentilla, or Kuril tea, when brewed is very similar to traditional Chinese tea, even in composition they are almost the same. The difference lies in the lower content of tonic components and different concentrations of vitamins, micro and macro elements.

Its composition is as follows:

• catechins;
• bioflavonoids;
• tannins;
• essential oils;
• saponins;
• tannins;
• phytoncides;
• calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, copper;
• phenolic acids;
• vitamin C;
• carotenoids.

Most useful substances concentrated in pinnate cinquefoil leaves, but tea is also brewed from stems and inflorescences. Due to its good adaptability and resistance to bad weather, Kuril tea can be grown on household plots in temperate climates.

Useful properties and contraindications

Kuril tea is used in folk medicine in many countries from China to Mongolia and Russia. Its multilateral use is due to the high content of phytoncides and other antimicrobial components. That's why medicinal properties Kuril tea primarily relate to the fight against pathogens.

Tea does not lose its beneficial properties for 2 years

Potentilla drink has the following properties:

• relieves inflammation;
• reduces the number of microbes on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract;
• has an astringent effect;
• has an immunomodulatory effect;
• calms the nerves, has a good sedative effect;
• stops internal bleeding.

In folk medicine, Kuril tea is most often used for problems in the functioning of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Effectively acts in case of poisoning and intestinal infections, as it has activity against rotavirus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and other microbes. Tea can be drunk with indigestion, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting.

Useful properties of Kuril tea are used in the treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Any inflammatory disease caused by viral infections, as well as tonsillitis, including in a chronic form. For the treatment of these diseases, a concentrated infusion of cinquefoil is used for rinsing.

The benefits of cinquefoil is to improve well-being in women suffering from gynecological diseases and pronounced symptoms of PMS. Kuril tea will help with whites, cystitis, heavy menstruation, inflammatory diseases.

Regular consumption of the drink helps to strengthen the immune system and restore the body's defenses after an illness. It is especially useful after taking antibiotics, which provoked the development of intestinal dysbacteriosis. Kuril tea is not contraindicated for children in the absence of allergies. It is given to solve problems such as bedwetting.

The use of cinquefoil for treatment and prevention cardiovascular disease due to the optimal combination of ascorbic acid and active bioflavonoids in its composition. They strengthen the walls of blood vessels, cleanse them of toxins, radionuclides, and protect against negative effects. chemical compounds, including synthetic drugs.

Carotenoids and catechins in the composition of tea have an antioxidant effect on the body and help maintain youthfulness and beauty of the body. medicinal properties shrubs allow it to be used in the treatment of diseases and conditions such as:

• stomach ulcer and gastritis;
• chronic constipation;
• pyelonephritis;
• diabetes;
• cystitis.

Long-term tea intake helps to cope with depression, psychological stress, insomnia, nervous exhaustion after stress. The contraindications of Kuril tea include individual intolerance, allergies, childhood up to 2 years. It is not desirable to take a drink for kidney diseases and hypotension, as it can lower blood pressure. Otherwise, harm from cinquefoil tea drinks can occur only with prolonged and frequent use.

cultivation

Kuril tea, or Potentilla shrub, refers to frost-resistant plants that can grow on poor soils. Therefore, problems in its cultivation usually do not arise. Kuril tea is propagated by seeds, dividing the bush or cuttings. Seeds are sown in the spring in open ground and until autumn, young seedlings have time to get stronger.

To quickly propagate Kuril tea, you can cut a few green cuttings in the spring and root them in a greenhouse. The percentage of rooting of such cuttings is almost 90%, but before planting they are kept in a root solution or other root-stimulating preparation. Planting Kuril tea in a permanent place is carried out next spring.

Yellow cinquefoil in home gardening

Growing Kuril tea should begin with choosing a suitable place. Although it is unpretentious, it grows much better in a sunny place and light soil than in the shade and on clay area. If you plan to plant several shrubs of Kamchatka tea, maintain a distance of 40 cm between them. In this case, they will grow well and turn into a hedge.

Potentilla care consists of the following activities:

• annual sanitary pruning of bushes in early spring;
• watering in dry summer;
• top dressing complex fertilizers during the budding period.

Young shrubs need to be looked after more carefully. In the first year after planting, it is covered for the winter if the region is characterized by cold winters. Watering is also carried out more often, and top dressing is carried out in the spring during the period of active growth, then before flowering and during the period of active flowering. In the first year of life, it is better to pick buds from a shrub so that it gets stronger and next year pleased with lush greenery and an abundance of inflorescences. The grass should be weeded so as not to interfere with the growth of the seedling. The photo above shows the use of cinquefoil in landscape design.

If the shrub multiplies in order to obtain medicinal raw materials, then it is better to refuse top dressing. In this case, care for Kuril tea comes down to top dressing and sanitary pruning. In Kamchatka, it is collected from wild plants, in this form it meets all safety requirements.

How to collect and brew

To get the most health benefits from cinquefoil, you need to know when and how to harvest its leaves. Harvesting is carried out during the period of mass flowering of the shrub - in the middle of summer. Only leaves from the tops of the shoots are suitable for collection. They are carefully cut with scissors or torn off by hand. Additionally, you can harvest and blooming flowers.

During the flowering period, the maximum of useful components is concentrated in the leaves and stems of Potentilla

Dry collected material can be done naturally in a ventilated area. If the process needs to be accelerated, the raw materials are laid out on a baking sheet in the oven and dried at a temperature of 60 ° C. Store tea in a glass container for 2 years.

Kuril tea should be brewed at the rate of 1 tbsp. l. to a glass of boiling water. Tea is infused in porcelain or glassware for 10 minutes. You can drink up to 3 servings per day. To prepare a mouthwash, 2 tbsp. l. cinquefoil is poured into 500 ml of boiling water and insisted in a thermos for 2 hours. Later, filter and gargle with a warm liquid. The same infusion can be washed with wounds on the skin. For intestinal infections, they drink a strong brewed infusion of Potentilla 3-4 times a day, 100-120 ml each.

Kuril shrub tea is a beautiful and medicinal plant. It can be planted as a hedge and at the same time harvest raw materials for healthy drink. It is tasty and safe for health.

Potentilla shrub grows in the mountains Central Asia, in Altai, in the Far East and Eastern Siberia, in China, Mongolia and Japan. In Kamchatka and the Kuriles, the leaves and flowers are brewed and drunk as a tonic, so the common name for the plant is Kuril tea.

Plant characteristic

Bush tea is an upright, strongly branched shrub of the Rosaceae family. There are about ten plant species. The leaves are compound, with five or seven elongated hairy leaflets. The people for the shape of the Kuril leaves are called Potentilla. Another name for shrubby cinquefoil is Dasiphora (Daziphora) is translated as "bearing thick hairs." Numerous branches at a young age are delicately hairy, in mature age they are covered with exfoliating bark of a brownish-gray or reddish-brown hue. The flowers are located on the tops of the shoots of this year, yellow color, single or collected in small brushes. Petals are bright yellow, rounded. About 30 stamens are located in the center of the flowers, which gives them a fluffy appearance.

1. Kuril tea in nature grows slowly, reaching maturity by 20-40 years. The height of an adult cinquefoil shrub is 80-120 cm, at the same time the plant begins flowering, which lasts from July to August.
2. Potentilla is a bisexual plant, characterized by a single blooming of flowers of different sexual types. Each flower blooms for about 6-48 hours, the duration varies depending on weather conditions.
3. The fruits of the shrub are given in the period from August to September, they look like small dry nuts, very numerous.

Procurement of raw materials of Potentilla

Harvesting is carried out during the flowering period and further until the end of the vegetative period. Kuril tea is widely used in the production of dietary supplements, so raw materials are harvested in large quantities. The tops of annual shoots with leaves and flowers are broken off or cut with a sickle. Then the raw material is dried and separated from the branches by hand or threshed.

The roots of the plant are also harvested, but on a smaller scale. Their widespread use is mainly in Tibetan medicine. They have hemostatic and anti-inflammatory properties.
The peoples living in the territory from the Urals to Kamchatka make tea from fresh leaves that is not inferior in taste to Indian tea. Hand-picked leaves and flowers are rolled with a rolling pin, then dried on baking sheets and dried in the open air. Leaves prepared in this way are brewed and drunk as a tonic and refreshing drink.

Beneficial features

The leaves contain about 9% tannins, 0.3% vitamin C, 0.015% carotenoids. Useful properties of Kuril tea are also due to the presence of saponins, resins, rutin, organic acids and essential oils. The decoction has a bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, fixing, hemostatic and anesthetic effect.

Bush tea is an excellent remedy for the treatment of diseases of the stomach and intestines. It has found application in diarrhea (dysentery, staphylococcal infections) and dysbacteriosis. In addition, in folk medicine, the drink is used orally as a hemostatic agent for uterine bleeding; in pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis as an expectorant. In children, the herb is recommended as a means of restoring the general metabolism in the treatment of incontinence.

Outwardly, decoctions of cinquefoil shrub are rinsed with stomatitis, tonsillitis and other inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. Application by douching - with leucorrhoea in gynecology. Useful anti-inflammatory properties of Kuril shrub tea manifests when washing with decoctions of wounds and burns of the skin.

Contraindications for use

Potentilla has a variety of useful properties, but it has practically no harmful effects.

Contraindications for the use of Kuril tea - individual intolerance. If the doses are exceeded, the development of allergic reactions, rhinitis is possible. There are contraindications for use during pregnancy.

Application methods

Kuril shrub tea is used in two dosage forms - decoction and fresh leaves. Its properties are manifested equally in both types of raw materials.

Cultivation in gardens

Gardeners have been growing beautifully flowering undersized cinquefoil bushes for over 300 years. There are about 130 varieties of Kuril tea, differing in height and color of flowers. Potentilla height from 50 to 150 cm is used for alpine slides, hedges, in compositions with thuja, juniper and perennials. There are creeping varieties; bushes with reddish, white, golden, pink flowers. Most hybrids bloom from July to September, are unpretentious in care, tolerate winter well. The most common varieties are: Abbotswood, Kobold, Jacqueman, Goldfinger, Goldfinger, Poli, Preti, Princesses, Sommer-flor, Goldstar, Farreri.

Kuril tea is undemanding to the soil; it is planted in spring and autumn in open, well-lit places. Bushes are placed at a distance of 60-80 cm from each other. The pit where the Kuril bush tea is planted should be 70-80 cm deep, the drainage layer should be 20 cm. Kuril tea is unpretentious for watering, but in a dry summer it is necessary to water three to four times. Potentilla tolerates shearing well, it is recommended to prune in April or September.

Kuril tea is bred with shoots, cuttings, root offspring or division of bushes. One-year-olds with a height of 30-35 cm and a developed root system of 25 cm can be planted in autumn in a permanent place. The next year, the cinquefoil, planted with such bushes, is already blooming.

Excellent tonic properties, minimal contraindications for use, unpretentiousness in care and a wide range of the plant - all this makes Kuril shrub tea very popular in the medicine of the peoples of Siberia and China. The availability of raw materials allows the production of Potentilla preparations in large volumes, including it in various dietary supplements.

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