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it even with inflammation of the eyes, toothache and headaches, aching joints, with

forests, along stream banks and in hedgerows. In the north of Europe, a wolf's bast

Name history

Since Daphne bushes grow up to one meter in height, they can be perfectly used as a hedge or border in the garden. If you purchased Daphne in a pot, then after the end of its flowering, it is necessary to transplant the bush into open ground. The pungent smell of flowers can cause headaches. Plants such as magnolias, camellias, rhododendrons, as well as bulbous plants that bloom in spring.

Wolfberry as an ornamental plant

Сvetochnik

(Daphne petrea) - evergreen dwarf shrub, growing slowly, but branched. It blooms a little later than the common wolf, in May-June, pink flowers. The branching of the plant is created by bunches of leathery, glossy, oblong, upright, dark green leaves.

Antibacterial and laxatives, sleeping pills are made from the wolfberry. Bark for medicines harvested in the spring before flowering, cutting it in strips and drying it in the open air or in ventilated rooms. Berries collected in July-August are dried at a low temperature in special dryers. All work should be done with gloves, as the plant retains its toxic properties even after drying.

Common types of wolfberry

Cherry flowers, pinkish, rarely white. The flowers completely cover the bush and smell strongly of vanilla.

The flowers of this species are white, collected 3-7 in inflorescences at the tips of the branches. Blooms very profusely and beautifully in May-June for 3 weeks. It begins to bloom simultaneously with the blooming of the leaves or immediately after them. After flowering, drupes of brown-black, bright red or black color are formed. In September-October, the second flowering occurs, weaker, the fruits do not form after it.

Wolfberry - planting and care Wolfberry, or, as it is also called, Volchnik, belongs to the Volchnikov family. These are deciduous or evergreen shrubs, widely known for their fragrant flowers and poisonous berries.

diseases of the stomach. The highest dose of this drug should be

less common than in the south. Like all other wolves, wolf's bast

Meserine resin is also found in the roots of the shrub. It is meserine that makes the Wolf's bark poisonous.

Daphne is very rarely affected by pests, and they are quite resistant plants. Occasionally they can be affected by aphids and gray rot. Shrubs should be occasionally viewed throughout the season to prevent the appearance of pests.

Daphne (Daphne)

​In traditional medicine alcohol tinctures are made from the wolfberry for the treatment of gout, sciatica, rheumatism, tumors and abscesses. Fruit juice is smeared with bites by dogs and snakes. Anthelmintics are made from flowers.

It grows very slowly, 3-7 cm per year. In nature, it forms small groups, as well as singly on the edges and forest glades, rarely found among other shrubs.

The Altai wolfberry grows in small groups and singly on rocky slopes, in the floodplain of rivers, at the foot of the hills. It is found mainly in the Western Altai. The Crimean wolfberry has long been considered a separate species. It is propagated successfully by seeds, as well as root offspring, cuttings. Likes well lit places. Quite winter-hardy. It is protected as a rare endemic of the Russian flora. It is not recommended to use in landscaping due to high toxicity.

Distributed in Eurasia, about 17 species are found in Russia.

D1, with Dg all further dilutions are applied without fear.

is under protection.

Very poisonous! Protected.​

Burkwood wolf

If little inquisitive children are resting in your country house, then this plant is not for you. Its fragrant flowers, which abundantly cover the bush in spring, turn into attractive bright red berries by autumn, which, already in the amount of 15 pieces, can lead the body to death.

The roots of the upland wolfberry penetrate very deeply into the ground - up to one and a half meters, therefore wild plants it is impossible to dig, and it is forbidden. When planting in gardens, calcareous soil is prepared and moistened. Loves sunny places, however, tolerates penumbra well. The shrub is quite fastidious, not always amenable to cultural plantings. It does not form seeds, so they propagate given plant green cuttings, which is a little labor-intensive. It tolerates winters well.

Sophia's wolfberry grows in the Don basin, in Belgorod region. Its flowers are white. Listed in the Red Book.​

One of the species of this plant - Wolf's bast - is listed in the Red Book.

Side effects. The wolf's bark is very poisonous. Its lovely red berries

Active ingredients: daphnin glycoside, caustic substance daphnetoxin, as well as a number

Wolfberry - Thymelaeaceae.

How to care for a wolfberry

WOLF, or WOLF, or DAPHNE - DAPHNA.

Use wolfberry with care

Deciduous, semi-deciduous and evergreen shrub belonging to the Timeleev family. Wolfberry or wolfberry, as it is also called by the people, is a very poisonous plant.

​(Daphne x burkwoodii) is a hybrid of the common wolf and the tall deciduous species of stone wolf. Semi-evergreen fast growing tall shrub. Lanceolate obovate leaves are painted in intense green color. It blooms in late spring-early summer with pale pink flowers. In some varieties, for example, in the White-and-White variety, the green leaves along the edge are cream-colored, and the flowers are lighter, white-pink. ​

It would seem that two incompatible heading words do not contribute to popularity, but a beautifully flowering deciduous or evergreen shrub conquers with its early spring abundant fragrant flowering, when other plants are still watching their winter dreams.

Wolfberry in nature (video)

The Caucasian wolfberry (Daphne caucasica Pall), in addition to the Caucasus, also grows in Central Asia. This species has white flowers that open in May and black fruits. The bark is light gray.

The Kamchatka wolfberry (Daphne kamtschatica Maxim) can be found in the Khabarovsk, Primorsky Territories, on Far East, Kamchatka, Sakhalin. It grows on stony soils in forests. It is a shrub up to half a meter tall. Its flowers are small - up to 1 cm in diameter, pale yellow, fragrant. Berries are red drupes. It grows in small groups in shady places, creating beautiful corners in the forests.

DachaDecor.ru

Daphne or Wolfberry

For the first time this plant was described by K. Linnaeus, who called it Dáphne, which is translated from Greek as "laurel".

Wolfberry Attractiveness

Represent the first danger for children in the forest: 10-15 berries may be

Flavonoids, si-tosterin, resins and a number of other substances.

Some types of plant

Parts used: bark, in folk medicine also fruits. Daphne, or wolf's bast (Daphne mezereum), is one of the shortest of our forest shrubs: it usually does not exceed half a human height. When in early spring, a few days after the snow melts, you come to the forest, this shrub is already in bloom. And, moreover, fragrant and beautiful flowers, although small in size. They have a pinkish-lilac color and are similar in shape to lilac flowers, although they are slightly inferior to them in size. Daphne does not yet have leaves at this time, so the flowers are especially clearly visible on bare branches. Their smell is very pleasant, strong and pungent, a bit like the smell of hyacinth flowers. A blooming wolf's bast is one of the first, and therefore the most pleasant gifts of our northern spring. Volchnikov.​

Previously, ropes and ropes were made from Daphne bark because its bark is very strong and tough. There are about fifty species of these shrubs. All its types are considered decorative. Striped wolf The difference in height of the bushes (from 10-15 to 200 cm) allows you to use Daphne in any type of flower beds. The leathery drupes-fruits that replaced the fragrant flowers, like red elegant beads, flare up on autumn branches. grow singly, as well as in groups, forming thickets. More likes open places, fertile soils. The deadly wolfberry, or Wolf's bast (lat. Daphne mezereum L) grows in forests European Russia, in the Caucasus, in Western Siberia, also in Western Europe. One of the most beautiful shrubs in European and Russian parks and gardens. This name was due to the fact that the leaves of the wolf look like laurel, and according to myths, Daphne turned into a laurel when she ran away from Apollo, who was chasing her. . On the skin, all parts of the plant cause severe irritation,

Healing action and application. Although in the old days the wolf's bast was used as Pharmacy name: wolfberry bark - Mezerei cortex (formerly: Cortex Mezerei). Fragile delicate flowers of wolf's bast grow right on last year's old shoots - overwintered "twigs". This is a rare occurrence in our area. It is characteristic of tropical trees, in which (like the cocoa tree, for example) flowers are sometimes located directly on a thin trunk. This kind of phenomenon has a special name - "caulifloria", which means "stem flowering". So our modest wolf's bast has one typically "tropical" feature. The name is a Latin transcription of the Greek name of the laurel - "daphne", given by the name of the nymph Daphne, who, fleeing from Apollo who pursued her, was adopted by her mother, the goddess of the earth Gaia, and turned into a laurel tree. Daphne refers to early flowering shrubs. Daphne begins to bloom even before the foliage appears around the beginning of April. The flowers of this plant are very fragrant, white, purple, pink, cream and even crimson. Bisexual flowers have up to four petals and are star-shaped. I have very berries bright color, and are very poisonous, ripen in autumn. Daphne's homeland is Europe, North America and Asia.​

cultivation

(Daphne striata) - creeping dwarf (height 15 cm) evergreen shrub. From May to July, pink fragrant flowers are added to its linear hard leaves, turning into orange-red beads of berries by autumn.

The Pontic wolfberry is a beautiful evergreen shrub that grows up to 1.5 meters wide and tall. The leaves are oval with a sharp tip, shiny, dark green. Yellow-green flowers emit strong aroma, collected 2-3 in racemose inflorescences. Flowers bloom in early summer. The fruits are black juicy berries. Resistant to winters in central Russia.

reproduction

This shrub is low, rarely above 1 meter. It begins to bloom very early, before the leaves bloom, small flowers gather 2-5 in bunches or single, densely cover the shoots. The color is lilac-pink, pink-lilac, creamy-white occurs. The flowering period is up to 20 days. The shrub is very fragrant.

The Russian name "wolfberry" and "volchnik" is given, apparently, because the plant is very poisonous, and in Rus' everything dangerous was associated with wolves. The name "wolf's bast" was given to the appearance of this shrub for its very strong bark, which is difficult to tear.

Diseases and pests

which can even lead to necrosis. The use of berries leads to severe

Usage

laxative, should be warned against its use inside, because it

asienda.ru

Daphne: photos, types and care at home

Botanical description. Low shrub, usually from 50 cm to 1 m in height, and in We mentioned that in the forest the bushes of the wolf's bast are weak, stunted. But how does this plant behave if it is transplanted from the forest to an open place, for example, to a garden? In the most unexpected way! Check out early spring Botanical Garden Moscow University on the Lenin Hills. There you will see the bushes of this plant, once transplanted from the forest. They are very powerful and are completely covered with countless flowers, like huge pink bouquets. A lot of bees are busy on the flowers. Such lush flowering in the forest never happens. What's the matter?

General information:

The genus includes up to 50 species distributed in Eurasia. Some species of the modern genus have leathery leaves reminiscent of laurel. Deciduous or evergreen, small shrubs up to 1.5 m tall, with a wide cupped or spreading crown. With alternate, short-stalked, entire, lanceolate or obtuse-elliptical, hard, smooth leaves. The flowers are numerous, fragrant, sessile, densely covering the last year's shoots. The fruits are colorful, long-lasting on the branches. Shade-tolerant, but develop better in semi-shaded or open places, on damp, well-fertilized soils. They do not tolerate overdrying. Daphne prefers to grow in partial shade in a partially protected location. Some species of such a plant can grow well both in full shade and in open areas. Such plants will not be very happy about overheating of their roots, so you need to monitor this. The wolfberry is very democratic in relation to the soil, it can grow even on limed soil. But the soil must be well-drained and enriched with mineral and organic fertilizers. In the summer, once every three to four weeks, watering is combined with top dressing with liquid mineral fertilizer, adding 20 ml per 10 liters of water.

wolf kneorum

The olive wolfberry (Daphne oleoides Schreb) is found in Central Asia, Asia Minor, North Africa, and Southern Europe. It grows up to 50 cm. Its shoots are pubescent, the berries are red. It grows slowly, blooms in May-June. It tolerates winters well.

Daphne - care:

Lighting:

Bushes at the end of summer are covered with bright red shiny berries, and this makes them even more elegant.

Temperature:

Wolfberry is a low shrub, up to one and a half meters high, has 50 species. The crown is spreading or cupped. The leaves are smooth, leathery, alternate, short-leaved.

Watering:

irritation of the stomach, intestines and kidneys. Diarrhea, vomiting, fever with all skin

Humidity:

contains a highly toxic irritant. It is also unsafe and his usual

Top dressing:

Particularly favorable places for him (in gardens or park plantings) even up to 2.5

Transfer:

Reproduction:

All parts of plants are POISONOUS!

Daphne is unpretentious plant and is considered quite frost-resistant. He does not experience particularly great discomfort with a sharp temperature drop.

Some features:

Places for her are good both sunny and partial shade. Daphne is resistant to frost and heat.

Daphne - diseases and pests:

(Daphne cneorum) - creeping semi-evergreen shrub with pink flowers.

The odorous wolfberry is also called fragrant (Daphne odorata Thunb). Its homeland is China. It is an evergreen shrub growing up to 90 cm tall, forming a domed shape. The flowers are cherry red, appear in early spring, even in winter, and have a sweet fragrance. The fruits are poisonous. It grows well on limestone scree, often used to decorate the southern slopes of rock gardens.

ukrflowers.info

This plant has a beautiful name forest daphne. And what do we call it?

Olya Sycheva

If you cut the branches in winter and put them in water, flowers will soon appear on them, the aroma of which will fill the whole room.
The wolf blooms amazingly. Flowers with 4 petals, fused into a tube at the base, densely cover last year's shoots. Color is different: greenish-white, pink, white. Deciduous species usually have pink shades of flowers, while evergreen species are greenish. 8-10 stamens are arranged in 2 rows. They emit a very fragrant smell. The aroma is felt at a great distance, and, at different types it is not the same: some shrubs smell like vanilla (Daphne alpina), others smell like lilacs (Daphne striata), the smell of Daphne philippi resembles a violet, Daphne blagayana - a carnation. Blooms in early spring or late winter. On some species, flowers form directly on shoots from dormant buds. It blooms for 15-20 days, in cool weather the flowers last for more than a month.
Rashes are the first signs of poisoning. Needed immediately
In folk medicine, external use as an abscess.
m. The bark of the trunk and branches is gray-brown. Even before the leaves appear

~VESNA-LETO~

Daphne, or wolf's bast (Daphne mezereum), is one of the shortest of our forest shrubs: it usually does not exceed half a human height. When in early spring, a few days after the snow melts, you come to the forest, this shrub is already in bloom. And, moreover, fragrant and beautiful flowers, though small in size. They have a pinkish-lilac color and are similar in shape to lilac flowers, although they are slightly inferior to them in size. Daphne does not yet have leaves at this time, so the flowers are especially clearly visible on bare branches. Their smell is very pleasant, strong and pungent, a bit like the smell of hyacinth flowers. A blooming wolf's bast is one of the first, and therefore the most pleasant gifts of our northern spring.

Daphne will be very happy to water on very hot days. On other days, he is more loyal to watering.

Watering is required for young plants, as well as for all plants in the spring and summer.

​Magnificent ornamental plant is Gutta's wolfberry (lat. Daphne x HoutteanaLindl. et Paxt). This semi deciduous shrub, growing in width and height up to 1.25 m, blooms in early spring, forming brushes of 2-5 lilac-pink or purple-red flowers with a fragrant smell. Foliage of the wolfberry unusual magenta, and retains this color during flowering. It rarely bears fruit, the berries are poisonous. Tolerates frosts down to -230C.​

Wolf's bast grows slowly, frost-resistant. Prefers shady places, fresh peaty or well-fertilized soil. It does not tolerate drought quite well.

The fruit is a drupe of bright red, black, yellow or white color, remain on the branches for a long time. The fruits are bright and juicy, which attracts birds that spread the seeds.

lavage the stomach and go to the hospital. There will also treat the mucosa of the cavity

What are the mysteries and features of the wolf's bast shrub?

Marina

Pink or slightly reddish sessile flowers with a strong pleasant smell. They
Closer to autumn, the bushes of the wolf's bast become very beautiful - bright red berries the size of a pea glisten appetizingly on the branches. They, like the flowers, are exactly stuck on the branches. The combination of bright green leaves and glossy red berries is very beautiful. However, the beauty of the berries is deceiving. They are not only not edible, but also very poisonous, as, indeed, other parts of the plant.
Wolf bast bushes in the forest are “liquid” - these are only 2-3 thin branches. There are also few flowers on them - rarely more than ten. But how interesting and unusual they are! All flowers seem to be glued to the branch. They do not have their own flower stalks. Such flowers are called sessile.
Daphne does not like long-term drying, so the soil should be kept sufficiently moist. You can mulch the roots of the shrub, this will help prevent them from damage and retain moisture in the soil. However, stagnant water is also desirable to avoid.
Plant can be propagated autumn sowing seeds into the ground. But it will take several years to wait for full-fledged bushes.
Common wolf

The wolfberry is planted with the help of freshly harvested seeds, layering, cuttings from semi-lignified shoots, as well as dividing the bush. The shrub does not like transplantation. Strong pruning is also contraindicated; in the fall, only diseased and weak shoots need to be removed, while maintaining the overall symmetry of the plant.

They are usually propagated by seeds, which are sown in autumn to a depth of 1 cm. Before sowing, the seeds are freed from pulp, kept in the dark, germinated at 200C.

In the Caucasus and Transcaucasia, as well as in Asia Minor, the Albov wolfberry (lat. Daphne albowiana Woronow) is found. It grows in the subalpine zone at an altitude of up to 2200 m above sea level. Usually - on the edges of forests.
Mouth and throat.
under the supervision of a doctor.

Arin@

Usually located 3 in the axils of fallen last year's leaves. Leaves

crazy angel

Wolf's bast is a mysterious shrub. It is not known, for example, who distributes its seeds. After all, the fruits of this plant, containing seeds, are very poisonous and have a very burning taste. What animals or birds dare to eat them?
Fragile delicate flowers of wolf's bast grow right on last year's old shoots - overwintered "twigs". This is a rare occurrence in our area. It is characteristic of tropical trees, in which (like the cocoa tree, for example) flowers are sometimes located directly on a thin trunk. This kind of phenomenon has a special name - "caulifloria", which means "stem flowering". So our modest wolf's bast has one typically "tropical" feature.
Daphne should be fed complex mineral fertilizers, it is desirable to do this in the spring. In autumn, it is recommended to pour nutritious compost under the bush, these elementary fertilizers will be quite enough for such a plant.
It is easier to use cuttings in the summer.
(Daphne mezereum) is a deciduous erect shrub with a height of 30 to 250 centimeters, which is also popularly called "Wolf's Bast" for the strength of its bark. Its lanceolate ovate leaves, pink or lilac fragrant flowers, crimson berries and bark -
In the early years of development, it is important to form correct form, for which the shoots are shortened, the plants are tillered. It is useful to mulch the soil, creating coolness and moisture for these roots and providing an opportunity to avoid damage to the surface small roots during tillage, which leads to rot lesions and then to the death of the entire plant.
It is also good to plant a wolf with cuttings, for which one-year-old shoots are taken. He does not like transplantation, so it is better to immediately plant the cuttings in containers.
This winter-green species of wolfberry is 1 meter high, it is distinguished by bright red fruits and non-leather small leaves. Propagate as DachaDecor.ru advises, better seeds which are 100% rooted. Blooms in May, bears fruit in July.
The Latin generic name of the species comes from the name of the Greek nymph Daphne, daughter of the river god Peneus. Russian, perhaps due to the flexible, but poisonous, bark and the general toxicity of the whole plant.
Use in homeopathy. The homeopathic remedy Mezereum is prepared from fresh
lanceolate, entire. Fruits are ovoid, light red. Blooms from February to
Finally, about one more interesting feature of the wolf's bark. In the forest, this plant is always found in the form of single specimens, which are often quite far from each other. It never forms thickets and, apparently, by its nature is not capable of this.
How does this plant behave if it is transplanted from the forest to an open place, for example, to a garden? In the most unexpected way! Take a look in early spring at the Botanical Garden of Moscow University on the Lenin Hills. There you will see the bushes of this plant, once transplanted from the forest. They are very powerful and are completely covered with countless flowers, like huge pink bouquets. A lot of bees are busy on the flowers. Such lush flowering in the forest never happens. What's the matter?
Daphne grows very slowly and practically does not need to be circumcised. This plant really does not like when their roots are disturbed, therefore it is recommended to transplant it, the less often the better. It will be more effective to transplant a young bush already with the ground to its permanent place of growth. The soil for their planting should be soft, moist, well saturated with humus. You can also add more sand and loam to the soil. But it’s better not to transplant an older bush at all, the plant will not benefit from this.
Oddly enough, but the poisonousness of the plant does not scare the worms, aphids and all kinds of parasitic fungi. Pest control is carried out by familiar means. Affected plants are removed.
equally poisonous
The common wolfberry is grown as an ornamental shrub. It is very beautiful during flowering, fruiting. An early blooming wolfberry helps to create in spring beautiful compositions from primroses. The plant blooms easily, even branches cut in winter, placed in water, give flowers.
When planting in public places, be sure to put up signs warning about its toxicity.
Alpine wolfberry (Daphne alpina L) grows in the Alps. Alpine shrub reaches 50 cm tall. At the tips of the shoots, bunches of white flowers are formed, which bloom at the end of May. The berries ripen by mid-July. Sometimes blooms again in October. Grows slowly.
As soon as the snow melts, in the still bare forest, a low shrub strewn with delicate pink flowers with pleasant smells hyacinth. It's the wolf's bark that bloomed. The wolf's bast grows in single bushes located close to each other, it is rare. The peculiarity of this shrub is that it blooms before the leaves bloom and that its flowers are located on old, last year's shoots. The latter property is characteristic of plants in the tropics, and for our regions this is a very rare occurrence. Flowers sit crowded, appearing from a special bud. They quickly turn pale and fall off, and at this time oblong-lanceolate leathery leaves begin to appear from the apical bud. In autumn, red shiny berries, poisonous to humans, appear (the whole wolf bast plant is poisonous!).
bark, which is harvested before flowering. It is usually applied when
March (in Russia - in April-May. - Ed.). The wolf's bast prefers shady places and
Wolf bast can be found mainly in spruce forests. But not in all types of spruce forests, but only in some - where there is an admixture of oak plants.
In the forest, the wolf's bast develops poorly due to its strong oppression by the surrounding trees and shrubs. And only in an open place the plant is not constrained by anything. This example shows that in nature, if the vegetation cover is thick enough, almost all plants are more or less oppressed, suppressed. They interfere with each other, so to speak. But it is worth saving a plant from its neighbors - it begins to develop much more magnificently.
Daphne is propagated by cuttings, seeds, grafting and root offspring. It is best to propagate by cuttings in the summer, this is the most auspicious time for this. In cooler seasons, you can use all other methods of reproduction, including seeds.
Daphne is popular for its decorative effect. holiday season. Its dwarf species are actively used in rock gardens and borders. Tall species are planted as tapeworms on green lawns, used as green hedges. Its fragrant, often mauve, flowering pairs well with early spring perennials. herbaceous plants, for example, with a violet-blue liverwort (hepatica). The shrub usually does not need pruning. To maintain a decorative look, you should only remove damaged and dry branches in a timely manner.
. Differs in abundant, early flowering, even before the appearance of green leaves. ​
All wolves are excellent early honey plants. But fresh honey should not be consumed, it should be boiled, otherwise it can cause inflammation of the intestines and mucous membranes.
The habitat of the upland wolfberry (Daphne cneorum L) or Julia wolfberry (Daphne julia K) is the mountains of southern and central Europe. Also found in the Belgorod and Kursk regions of Russia. Listed in the Red Book, protected. This is a relic shrub up to 30 cm tall and 2 m in diameter. The branches have dark brown bark. Leaves 2 cm long, leathery, perennial. The top of the leaves is dark green, the underside is bluish. The leaves are collected on the tops of the branches into rosettes.
Blooms at 2 years old. Very frost resistant. At the same time, it is weakly cutting.
The wolf's bast, or wolfberry, got its name because it is very poisonous. It is called a bast because its strong, thin and flexible stems do not break, but stretch. This small shrub blooms in early spring, when the snow has not completely melted. Pink flowers resembling lilacs "sit" on its bare twigs. These flowers do not have their own stems, they seem to be glued to a branch. Delicate, pleasant aroma of flowers reminiscent of the smell of hyacinth. But if you sniff the flower for a long time, your head will hurt. Red shiny berries ripen in summer. But they are not poisonous to everyone. Some birds eat them. Because of the beauty of the flowers, the wolf's bast is harvested for bouquets. Therefore this unusual shrub listed in some Red Books.​
various skin diseases, eczema, weeping and scabbed rashes,
soils rich in nutrients. Grows along forest edges, in floodplains
(picture peek-a-boo, doesn't fit)
What does a wolf's bast look like in summer, in a leafy state? These are almost bare twigs. There are few leaves, they are collected in the upper part of the plant, at the ends of the branches.
Seeds should be planted in the year of collection, it is not recommended to store them for a long time. A more mature Daphne plant discards shoots from its roots, they can also be carefully transplanted, being careful not to damage the roots of the mother bush.
Author:
Stone wolf

I think that everyone has plants that, as it were, gradually accompany the whole life path. You suddenly meet them in the most unexpected places, memories and stories gradually become connected with them. For me, such plants are daphnes. I can tell for hours where and under what circumstances I had to face them, what is special about each species. Frequent meetings and unconditional beauty of this kind made me become its collector.

Probably, my acquaintance with the first wolfberry in my life was banal. Still bare and gray after the snow melted the spring forest, my parents and I got out on a mushroom hunt for lines. And suddenly - the strongest aroma and airy, with a pink veil of flowers, a bush. It seemed like a miracle! He bloomed the very first, even before lungwort and anemones! There were no leaves on it, only completely covered with small flowers twigs. Mom immediately warned me that this beauty is poisonous, and it seemed to me blasphemy to touch this incredible plant. Especially since it was lonely.

I think that many have a meeting with deadly wolfberry(Daphne mesereum) happened in a similar way. After all, these lovely fragrant bushes are still found in the forests near Moscow.

Daphne mezereum. A thin twig in the forest.

Physics

By the way, daphnes are always bushes, quite tall (human height) or decumbent (below the knee). They are both evergreen and deciduous, they have simple leaves and sessile small flowers about four petals, either collected in crown inflorescences, or located in the axils of the leaves. Wolfberries mostly bloom in spring, and at the end of summer and autumn they can produce repeated weak flowering.

Daphne has a powerful root system, extending both deep and wide. Roots alone act as anchors, holding plants in place in the often unbelievable conditions of rock and scree. Other roots seek nourishment, and in many species such horizontally creeping roots form vertical shoots that give life to new plants over time.

Almost all types of wolfberries grow in mountainous and rocky areas, some in open places, others under the canopy of forests.

Who is from where and what

My acquaintance with the genus of charming nymphs continued many years later on a journey to the Cretaceous country in the south of central Russia. In this area with white hills and limestone crumbling underfoot, there are tiny islands of pre-glacial nature, where a great rarity and relic lives. Yulia's wolfberry(Daphne Julia). The most remarkable, by the way, plant and from the point of view of ornamental gardening. After all, this species is evergreen, the bush remains in the foliage all year round. Its flowering is very plentiful, at the end of each branch there is an inflorescence of bright pink (and sometimes white and crimson) flowers with a strong smell.

I was lucky to make the first selections of this plant. Since 2003, I have been visiting populations every year daphne julia. I have found and introduced into culture its white-flowered, purple-leaved, white-edged, variegated and several other decorative forms.

Daphne julia
Appleblossom

Our country is generally rich in wolves. Take, for example, the Caucasus. There are both tall species and dwarfs. Daphne pontica(Daphne pontica) - a luxurious powerful evergreen shrub with large glossy leaves and rather inconspicuous whitish flowers. It is suitable only for warm climates, because. grows at low altitudes in stony forests. In our country, the above-ground part is often demolished by frost. Very similar to her Daphne Albova

Much more potential in others Caucasian species. Two closely related species wolfberry Circassian(Daphne circassica) and wolfberry false silky(Daphne pseudosericea) - endowed with such qualities as evergreen glossy dark foliage, pink flowers in numerous terminal inflorescences. Daphne Circassian has, for my taste, the most pleasant aroma in the family. In addition, it has stiff and short growths, which makes the bush stocky, rounded and sometimes looks like a bonsai. These species have hardly been tested in middle lane. So far, I manage to keep them without any special tricks - just on a limestone sunny hill. In a particularly frosty snowless winter, all specimens of the Circassian Daphne froze, but quickly grew back and recovered. They bloom almost every year.

Daphne circassica young plant from cuttings

Also interesting and persistent wolfberry crowded(Daphne glomerata). A medium-sized evergreen glossy leaf and white flowers, over which new leaves grow in a tuft. The species is of interest for selection and hybridization, since the color of the corolla tube can vary from pure white to red. This species grows more slowly than most Daphne and does not bush well. To wait for a luxurious bush, you have to wait a lot of years. Rather collectible than highly decorative material.

Caucasian wolfberry(Daphne caucasica) is also curious and quite decorative. This is a deciduous shrub with delicate bluish leaves and white rare flowers. Height in favorable conditions may be above the waist.

If you move from the Caucasus to the east, then in Altai you can meet Altai wolfberry(Daphne altaica). This species is curious in that its “echoes” are found in the Crimea and in the south of the middle zone, only distinguished into separate species - Crimean wolves(Daphne taurica) and Sophia(Daphne sophia). There are many opinions about their decorative value, but I would like to spread these species in gardens, if only for reasons of species conservation, because. the clone growing in the European part of the country is almost extinct, the Crimean one is also on the verge of extinction.

There is also a difference between them. If the altaica in the garden is in full bloom, then daphne sophia will do this only in the sunniest heated place. But how good it is in Voronezh! This, by the way, is a coppice species: it shoots and gradually grows around.

On the very edge of our country, in Kamchatka, lives the yellow-flowered daphne of the same name - Daphne kamtschatica. it great plant for the Russian garden - strong, hardy, beautifully flowering, deciduous, rather tall. This wolfberry blooms already in the summer, and this is some of its drawback. yellow flowers a little lost among the foliage. But then orange-yellow berries appear, which adorn the plant for a long time. The ends of the branches in some winters can freeze slightly, from which the plant as a whole does not suffer much.
Very similar to the Kamchatka Daphne jezoensis, it turned out to be much less resistant to frost.

Daphne kamtschatica
four year old bush

Daphne kamtschatica
flowers

Daphne kamtschatica
berries

And these are only Russian species! But the range of this genus extends to the rest of Europe and Asia. And every part of the world has its own highlights.

For example, in Asia there are several yellow-flowered species. Particularly charming are the undersized compact ones like Daphne calcicola. But it’s almost impossible to get them, they are rare even in European gardens. Rare seedlings that ended up in the gardens of collectors during recent years, unfortunately, froze in snowless frosts. The experiment, of course, continues, but ...

On the other hand, European species and hybrids have been studied more, because in Europe, for several decades, work has been carried out on breeding varieties and selecting forms. I can not help but note that most of them, in the eyes of a simple gardener, will turn out to be very similar. If you do not collect this particular genus, then in the garden it is enough to have 3-5 varieties of different shapes.

One of the most famous, common and simple in culture - upland wolfberry(Daphne cneorum). This is the twin brother of our Julia, the difference is only in the form of inflorescences. And just like Julia's daphne, the upland daphne is very changeable. Selected cultivars with different colors of flowers, bush habit, white-edged foliage. This shrub has been tested in the Moscow region (and not only) and is quite reliable with the right agricultural technology. Based on it, there are many hybrids in which its blood gives plants winter hardiness and overall endurance.

Another European species, undeservedly bypassed in Russian culture, is wolfberry Good(Daphne blagayana). Lodging, slightly lanky, it is winter-hardy, unpretentious and blooms charmingly with milky-white tubular flowers in hemispherical inflorescences. Some of its branches in wet winters can be affected by botrytis, but in general the plant survives and grows.

Other species must be tested for many years to ascertain the constancy of their properties. I have several years grow and bloom daphne arbuscula(Daphne arbuscula), wolfberry alpinewolfberry Domini(Daphne domini), may be promising wolfberry hill(Daphne collina) Burkwood's wolfberry(Daphne x burkwoodii) and many others.

Arbuscules turned out to be quite demanding and prone to fungal diseases.
Alpine wolfwort turned out to be cute, simple, hardy, quickly entering the age of decorativeness, flowering and fruiting after sowing, although not as decorative as cushion evergreens. Blooms in early June.
Daphne Domini More like a freak than a beauty. Its flowers never open, remaining buds. But why not keep such a curiosity on the hill? Yes, and the bush itself is good and quite winter-hardy, although it freezes slightly in rare winters.
hybrid Burkwood Wolves have great potential. In our climate, they shed their leaves, sometimes they can freeze with the ends of the branches. But they are insanely good for their decorative rather large foliage. They are a plus and the fact that they are shade-tolerant. True, especially attractive varieties have not yet been practically tested and there may be problems with them.

Where to stick, what to pour

The secret of raising daphne is not original. It is in the knowledge of the ecological preferences of a particular species and its plasticity. Common for wolves is the requirement for the absence of moisture stagnation, but its constant presence in the soil.

Many species are ductile and tolerate a wide range of conditions. Perhaps the most unpretentious - our daphne is deadly. It tolerates both flooding (perhaps the only one of all) and fairly dry conditions, it can grow both in a forest area and in a completely open place. It also has the widest range.

With a high degree of conventionality, I will divide Daphne into two groups.
"Forest" species "and hybrids:

• Daphne mezereum
• Daphne pontica
• Daphne albowiana
• Daphne altaica
• Daphne alpina
• Daphne caucasica
• Daphne x burkwoodii
• Daphne genkwa
• Daphne giraldii
• Daphne jezoensis
• Daphne kamtschatica
• Daphne laureola

These species are shade tolerant and can be grown on forest areas in the penumbra. They need more attention to watering, because. their root system is not very deep.

"Hill" species and hybrids:

• Daphne cneorum
• Daphne julia
• Daphne arbuscula
• Daphne petrea
• Daphne collina
• Daphne domini
• Daphne sophia
• Daphne blagayana
• Daphne calcicola
• Daphne circassica
• Daphne pseudosericea
• Daphne glomerata
• Daphne kosaninii
• Daphne x eschmannii
• Daphne x hendersonii
• Daphne x mauerbachii
• Daphne x napolitana
• Daphne x rollsdorfii
• Daphne x schlyteri
• Daphne x suendermannii
• Daphne x susannae

Daphne x Napolitana
Stasek

These wolves are more photophilous. Shading, if possible, is light and from the burning midday sun. It is also impossible for these species to dry out, but in plants living in one place for several years, the root system penetrates into the deep layers of the soil, extracting moisture, so it is more difficult to dry them.

Almost and not at all wintery in the middle lane wolves:

• Daphne genkwa
• Daphne calcicola
• Daphne autiloba
• Daphne gnilioides
• Daphne odora
• Daphne laureola
• Daphne longilobata

Daphnes do not require anything extraordinary in terms of soil. Moisture-intensive nutrient loam is optimal for them. A looser soil mixture is also possible, but it should contain a lot of minerals. The importance of the presence of lime in the soil for wolves is greatly exaggerated. Yes, undersized evergreen species and it would be good for varieties to add dolomites, but it is absolutely not necessary to build a limestone hill for them. For almost a decade, Daphne Yulia grew up with me just in the garden, seemingly stuck in it in a hurry. There are older copies in the same conditions. For example, the famous botanist, naturalist and encyclopedist Mikhail Diev.

Rather, it is necessary to maintain the acidity of the soil. It should be close to neutral. If the soils on the site tend to be more acidic, mountain species should be limed once a year (sprinkle the soil around with dolomite and water). Similar things are recommended by experts for clematis, phlox and other garden plants.

Much more attention should be paid to water drainage. Prolonged flooding, close groundwater and other delights of many areas are contraindicated for daphnes. If you have a “perch water” on your site, wolfberries can be grown on a hill or in raised flower beds (20 cm of elevation improves the situation significantly).

How to keep the youth

If you bought young plants, it is best to plant them immediately "into the wild" by choosing optimal location. If this is not possible, the plants can be kept in pots for a year or two. However, it is better not to abuse this: older daphnes take root worse than young ones. And being buried in pots, they instantly penetrate the roots into the drainage holes and grow into the surrounding soil, which nullifies the whole point of overexposure.

We take high pots, taking into account the peculiarities of the root system. There should be plenty of drainage holes excess moisture left quickly. I use my standard potting mix: coarse sand mixed with neutralized peat, plus about a fifth of molehill loam from the garden. Dolomites can be added to mountain views, as well as Daphne Sophia. I mulch the planted plants with fine gravel with a layer of 2-3 cm and spill it. Mulch reduces temperature fluctuations from the heating of the soil by the sun and prevents small pots from drying out. When planting bushes in the wild, mulch is also necessary.

Potted daphnes are optimally transshipped into big pots annually in early spring. It is necessary to overwinter the pots buried. The wolves do not need shelter, unless it is possible to shade the unrooted youth.

How to propagate

Species wolves are propagated by sowing seeds and vegetatively, only the latter remain for varietal plants.

Daphne seeds require a stratification period for germination. It is optimal to sow them immediately after harvest and leave the sowing to winter in the garden. Seedlings bloom no earlier than the third year of life, when they develop a powerful root system and begin to bush.

There are several vegetative methods of reproduction of wolfberries. The most familiar - cuttings that begin to wood in July-August. The cuttings are taken from the growth of the current year, planted in a loose mixture in a shaded greenhouse. Small roots form before winter, but I would recommend planting plants in another year.

You can use a surer way - to make layering. The reception is standard: the middle of the branch is dug in with the crown sticking out. After a year or two, you can check whether the roots have formed and separate the young plant. There are other breeding methods, but they are more laborious and unpredictable.

Moving is worse than a flood

There are rumors about the dislike of wolves for transplantation. I had to transplant both young plants and old bushes of various types. My conclusion is this: young people, one-two-year-old seedlings and cuttings, tolerate transplantation best. Older plants that have managed to run deep roots should be transplanted with the largest possible lump. The more the roots are disturbed, the longer the plants will get sick and take root, and may even die. Sometimes it's easier to grow new instances than to drag an old one. Optimal time for transplants - early spring. After moving the bush, it must be thoroughly shed and shaded for at least a month.

Haircut for a nymph

One of the almost indispensable methods of keeping Daphne is pruning. Those luxurious compacts that we see in photographs on the Internet are for the most part cropped. And this applies to both large forest and low hump species.

Even our forest daphne is deadly with and without pruning - two completely different plants. She is naturally a little bushy. To make the bush fluffy, have more branches and look like a pink cloud in spring, I pinch the ends of its shoots every autumn. If you got a young seedling in one reed, I highly recommend starting its formation from childhood. Then, at a more mature age, pinching can be neglected.

Hump ​​evergreen low views It would be nice to cut too. For example, the most common upland wolf without pruning, giving out 20 cm of growth every year, will quickly take square meter. You can, of course, leave everything as it is, it's also beautiful. But if there is no opportunity to allocate such an area for this plant, after flowering it can be cut almost every year, pruning as much as you want.

Oh, how compact Daphne calcicolas with yellow flowers are in the photographs! However, Vojtech Golubets complained to me that they grow at a terrible rate, and in order to maintain the sane size of the bush, they have to be cut even more than once a year. True, the frost does it for us.

Diarrhea and scrofula

Daphne has many diseases, but, like most other plants, they do not disturb if the plant is planted correctly. The most dangerous of all are various rots in case of planting in a damp place and too acidic soil. If the branches of the hill bush began to dry out in the absence of mechanical damage, it must be urgently limed and sprayed and spilled with a fungicide (HOM, Fundazol). This is a clematis wilt disease. It is almost impossible to get rid of it, but it can be stopped. Old bushes are subject to it, young growth usually does not get sick.

Our daphne Julia is especially susceptible to this disease. She has a reputation for being sick not only here, but also abroad, and is almost not represented in culture.

As for pests, usually no one touches Daphne. Only once a young plant of Daphne Yulia was eaten by a mouse on a stump. While I was grieving and deciding whether to uproot the stump, he gave a dense young growth and already bloomed the next spring. Now it is a beautiful fluffy bush.

And finally

The Latin name Daphne sounds very contrasting - light, clearly given with love and admiration, and Russians - wolf, wolfberry, wolf's bast. Something evil seems to be right there, you begin to fear plants. And for good reason: it is believed that all parts of wolfberries are highly poisonous. And the domestic species is called so - deadly. There are, however, people who claim that they tried the berries, and nothing happened to them. However, the toxicity of Daphne should not be forgotten. In my opinion, this is the only thing (especially in the presence of unintelligent children) that can stop wolfberries from planting in the garden. Because otherwise it's wonderful garden material original and irreplaceable.

If small inquisitive children rest at your dacha, then this plant is not for you. Its fragrant flowers, which abundantly cover the bush in spring, turn into attractive bright red berries by autumn, which, already in the amount of 15 pieces, can lead to death.

Wolfberry Attractiveness

It would seem that two incompatible heading words do not contribute to popularity, but a beautifully flowering deciduous or evergreen shrub conquers with its abundant early spring fragrant flowering, when other plants are still watching their winter dreams.

The difference in height of the bushes (from 10-15 to 200 cm) allows you to use Daphne in any type of flower beds. The leathery drupes-fruits that replaced fragrant flowers, like red elegant beads, flare up on autumn branches.

Some types of plant

Volchnik kneorum(Daphne cneorum) is a creeping semi-evergreen shrub with pink flowers.

common wolf(Daphne mezereum) is a deciduous erect shrub with a height of 30 to 250 centimeters, which is popularly called "Wolf's Bast" for the strength of its bark. Its lanceolate ovate leaves, pink or lilac fragrant flowers, crimson berries and bark - equally poisonous. Differs in abundant, early flowering, even before the appearance of green leaves.

wolf stone(Daphne petrea) is an evergreen dwarf shrub that grows slowly but branched. It blooms a little later than the common wolf, in May-June, with pink flowers. The branching of the plant is created by bundles of leathery glossy oblong erect leaves of dark green color.

Burkwood wolf(Daphne x burkwoodii) is a hybrid of the common wolf and the tall deciduous species of stone wolf. Semi-evergreen fast growing shrub. The lanceolate leaves are obovate in intense green. It blooms in late spring-early summer with pale pink flowers. In some varieties, for example, in the White-and-White variety, the green leaves along the edge are cream-colored, and the flowers are lighter, white-pink.

striped wolf(Daphne striata) - creeping dwarf (height 15 cm) evergreen shrub. From May to July, pink fragrant flowers are added to its linear hard leaves, turning into orange-red beads of berries by autumn.

cultivation

The wolfberry is very democratic in relation to the soil, it can grow even on limed soil. But the soil must be well-drained and enriched with mineral and organic fertilizers. In the summer, once every three to four weeks, watering is combined with top dressing with liquid mineral fertilizer, adding 20 ml per 10 liters of water.

Places for it are good both sunny and partial shade. Daphne is resistant to frost and heat.

Watering is required for young plants, as well as for all plants in the spring and summer.

reproduction

You can propagate the plant by sowing seeds in the autumn in the ground. But it will take several years to wait for full-fledged bushes.

It is easier to use cuttings in the summer.

Usage

Daphne is popular for its decorative effect throughout the summer season. Its dwarf species are actively used in rock gardens and borders. Tall species are planted as tapeworms on green lawns, used as green hedges. Its fragrant, often mauve, bloom pairs well with early spring perennials such as the purple-blue liverwort (hepatica).

The shrub usually does not need pruning. To maintain a decorative look, you should only remove damaged and dry branches in a timely manner.

Wolfberry is an ornamental shrub that, regardless of variety, has a seductive floral aroma. The plant blooms its delicate fragrant flowers in early spring. This shrub is also called "wolf bast" or "wolf".

All these names should not be confused with the well-known "wolf berries" among the people, which are called a number of shrubs (including the wolfberry itself) with inedible and poisonous fruits. Wolfberry is a compact shrub, its height, depending on the variety, does not exceed 90 - 120 cm.

Some species of this plant are evergreen, others are deciduous. Due to its compact appearance, the wolfberry is perfect for single decorative plantings. With it, you can decorate the front garden, alpine slide or terrace by planting it in a large container.

Wolfberry fits well in compositions with plants (shrubs, bulbs) that bloom in early spring. To enjoy the sweet aroma of the wolfberry more often, it can be planted along paths in the garden.

cultivation

Planted "wolf's bast" in early spring or autumn in sunny areas that are not blown by the winds, some varieties can grow in partial shade. The soil for planting should be permeable, rich in humus.

Shrubs are planted with young seedlings, as adult plants take root worse.

When planting and caring for a wolfberry, you need to work with gloves, as the plant is poisonous and can cause skin irritation.

To plant a wolfberry, you need to choose places inaccessible to children, because the fruits of the plant are poisonous. Just a few berries that get into the stomach can be fatal.

Care

The plant does not require special care, it is enough to mulch the soil with compost or humus in spring and autumn. The plant is propagated by cuttings. They root well in a mixture of sand and peat. The second way - late autumn sow berries directly into the ground, however, in this case, germination is very low.

In hot and dry weather, the wolfberry can infect the spider mite, which is easy to detect on leaves and shoots. This pest sucks moisture from the leaves, as a result, they fall off. Therefore, during dry periods, the shrub must be watered in a timely manner.

Species, varieties

In Russia, 17 out of 50 wolfberry species that are found in Eurasia grow. Some species of these plants have leathery leaves resembling laurel leaves. From here came another name for the wolfberry - daphne, which on Greek means laurel.

Below are the most common types.

• fragrant wolfberry. This shrub, whose homeland is China, is shaped like a dome. In Russia, it rarely grows above 30 cm. In early spring, red fragrant flowers with a cherry tint appear on its branches. The plant blooms earlier than other species. The most famous evergreen variety is "Variegata". In winter, these plants in the middle lane need to be covered.
• deadly wolfberry, the second name is "Wolf's bast". The height of the plant is about 1 m. This species is also distinguished by its early flowering, but it blooms after the previous species. The duration of flowering is 2-3 weeks, and it begins to bloom before the leaves appear. If you cut the branches of a bush in winter and put it in a vase of water, then the bush will bloom. fragrant flowers. Famous varieties "Rubra Select" ("Ruby Glow") with large flowers deep pink with red berries and 'Alba' with creamy white flowers.
• Berkwood's wolfberry. This plant blooms pink in May. The color of the flowers gradually turns white. This species belongs to the group of hybrid varieties that do not form berries. Some varieties have decorative leaves with a light border around the edges. Known variety'Somerset' has evergreen lanceolate leaves and blooms in light pink tones.
• Yulia's wolfberry. Low dwarf shrub no more than 30 cm high. It is a relic plant and is listed in the Russian Red Book. The plant blooms from April to May with small fragrant pink flowers. At the end of the summer season, it may bloom a second time. The plant has very deep roots (up to 1.5 m deep), tolerates frost well under snow.

Medicinal properties

Wolfberry like most poisonous plants, has medicinal properties. In medicine, bark, berries, leaves, shoots are used. Preparations are prepared from the bark, which are used to treat joint pain, as well as eye and skin diseases. The flowers of the plant are used as effective remedy from worms.

Alcohol tinctures of the wolfberry treat sciatica, gout, rheumatism, as well as various tumors and abscesses. All wolfberry preparations, with rare exceptions, are used as an external remedy and according to the doctor's recommendations.

Wolfberry - an ornamental shrub with the aroma of delicate flowers, will decorate your garden earlier than other plants in the spring.
Video: Wolfberry - ornamental shrub

Wolfberry belongs to the Volchnikov family (Thymelaeaceae). Both the Latin and Russian versions of the name of this amazingly beautiful plant are rooted in legends and folk tales. So, for example, "Daphne" in Greek means "laurel". The name is based on the legend of the beautiful nymph Daphne. The beauty, escaping from Apollo, turned into a laurel tree. Carl Linnaeus, who first described Wolfberry, considered that the leaves of some species of this plant are similar to bay leaves.

In Russia, this attractive-looking shrub has received many other names: Wolf's Lyko, Wolf's Berry. In Russian, the epithet "wolf" evokes only negative emotions. Indeed, the name Wolf's Bast accurately notices how strong the bark is to tear, how difficult it is to kick a bast from a bush. As for the common name Wolfberry”, it seems to signal: the beauty of the berries is deceptive, it is absolutely impossible to eat them!

Wolfberry is widely distributed in Russia. In April and May, its bright, fragrant flowers are among the first to appear. The flowers are collected in brushes or bunches and sit tightly on the still bare branches. Evergreen species are dominated by greenish-yellow flowers, while deciduous species are pink, red and white. An interesting feature of the plant is the aroma. Each species has its own bright, unique smell, reminiscent of either lilac, or violet, or carnation. Flowering lasts from two weeks to a month, depending on the weather. The cooler the air, the longer the flowers last.

The genus Wolfberry includes both evergreen and deciduous species. Plants can vary greatly in height: from small, up to 20 cm bushes, to tree-like, sprawling shrubs, reaching 150 cm in height and the same width. Leaves alternate or opposite, borne on short petioles. Leaf blades are entire, hard, in some species glossy, leathery or slightly pubescent along the edge. The shape of the leaf blades varies from lanceolate to elliptical with a blunt tip.

Fruits ripen from July. Red, black, white, they are a drupe, tightly seated on the shoot. The berries are stored for a long time on the bush, giving it a decorative look.

cultivation

Wolfberry seeds quickly lose their germination. The optimal solution there will be their planting in the fall in the year of collection. Before planting, the drupes are cleaned of pulp. Using seed propagation flowering occurs around the sixth year.

Many species of Wolfberry reproduce well by cuttings. At the beginning of summer, the shoots of this year are cut. Before planting, it is advisable to soak them for several hours in Kornevin or a similar agent. For each cutting prepare its own pot. As a substrate, you can use a mixture of peat, sand and perlite in a ratio of 1:1:1 and sphagnum. Sphagnum is placed on the bottom of the pot so tightly that it protrudes slightly from the drainage holes. Then the substrate is poured. A hole with a diameter of about 1.5 cm is made in the ground. Its depth should be approximately two-thirds of the length of the cutting. 4–7 well-developed apical leaves are left on the handle and planted in the substrate. The pot is placed on a pallet covered with wet pebbles. It is important to constantly keep the stones moist. From them, water, thanks to wicks made of sphagnum, constantly flows into the pot.

In this form, the cuttings are left until next spring. For the winter, they can be brought into the house, but it is better to dig pots in the garden and cover with a film or non-woven covering material.

Reproduction by layering is carried out according to generally accepted technology. However, do not bother layering until next spring - only by this time you can be sure of their full rooting. In the spring, the layers are carefully separated from the mother plant and transplanted to their designated place.

Diseases and pests

Damage to shallow surface roots during tillage leads to rot and a high probability of plant death. Wolfberry is not affected by insect pests.

reproduction

Seeds, cuttings, offspring, layering, dividing the bush.

First steps after purchase

The adult wolfberry (Daphne) does not tolerate transplantation well, therefore it is recommended to buy plants only with a closed root system. Immediately after the acquisition, the shrub must be planted in the place allotted to it. If transplantation cannot be avoided, the shrub should be moved along with earthy clod(transshipment method). You need to act with double caution: the slightest damage to the roots threatens the death of the entire plant. The best option for Wolfberry would be semi-shaded or open to sun rays place.

Success Secrets

For successful cultivation Wolfberry requires timely watering and pruning. The plant is moisture-loving and does not tolerate drought. It is recommended to mulch the soil around the stem of the shrub. This will help to avoid excessive evaporation of moisture and keep the temperature in the root zone cool even in the heat.

Pruning of the wolfberry is carried out in the first years of plant development. With its help, the desired shape of the bush is formed. It should be remembered that the plant develops only along the perimeter of the crown and practically does not give additional root shoots. Thus, the pruning should not be too strong. In the future, only pruning of young branches is carried out in order to enhance tillering.

Wolfberry tolerates slight shading well, but prefers bright sunlight. Most of the species known in Russia are frost-resistant, able to tolerate up to -15ºС in the absence of snow.

The shrub needs regular feeding with complex organic and mineral fertilizers. They are applied 3-4 times during the growing season.

Possible difficulties

If signs of wilting became noticeable on the Wolfberry (Daphne): the leaves drooped, the young shoots became lethargic, it may have lacked moisture in the previous few days. If watering was carried out in normal mode, it is likely that the shrub is affected by root rot. To combat this problem, it is necessary to use fungicides: Fundazol, Maxim, Fitosporin and similar agents. The treatment should be repeated after a few days in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

It must be remembered that the surface roots are so tender that they can be easily damaged even by simply removing weeds growing near the bush. Therefore, it is worth carefully monitoring the plant and its environment, getting rid of weeds at a young age, when their roots have not yet had time to penetrate deep into the ground.