The thickness of the paint layer on metal structures. Technological regulations for painting metal structures. Safety requirements and industrial sanitation

Coating continuity - this means a uniform coating without gaps. The OTC specialist evaluates it visually in daylight or electric light. The coating must be continuous, with good adhesion to the metal, without streaks, wrinkles, sagging, foreign debris. When applying the coating, we measure the thickness of the wet layer using a thickness gauge comb.

Immediately after applying the paint, immerse the comb in the coating and wait a few seconds.

The difference between the mark between the wet and dry layer will be equal to the thickness of the coating. The method is simple and reliable. And the thickness of the coating is guaranteed to be strong, reliable and durable.

Drying degree - controlled by the quality manager of the painting area according to ISO 1517 methods or the tactile method "touching the fingers".

This is necessary to determine the possibility of applying a second layer. Can be determined by the drying time specified by the paint supplier at certain conditions— humidity, temperature and ventilation.

Indicators such as

tack-free - light pressure with a finger leaves no trace and no stickiness is felt.
dry to the touch - if you carefully feel the coating, then damage does not occur.

Building codes and rules SNiP 3.04.03-85

"Protection of building structures and structures from corrosion"

These rules and regulations apply to the construction of new, expansion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises, buildings and structures and must be observed when installing anti-corrosion coatings of metal, concrete, reinforced concrete and brick building structures, as well as technological equipment when applying coatings to protect against corrosion that occurs under the influence of aggressive environments of industrial production and groundwater.

These rules and regulations establish general technical requirements to the production of works in the conditions of the construction site.

Weather-resistant protective coatings that protect against exposure to solar radiation, precipitation and dust, the marine atmosphere must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP for roofing, waterproofing, vapor barrier and thermal insulation, as well as for finishing coatings of building structures.

These rules and regulations do not apply to anti-corrosion protection works:

metal underground structures erected in permafrost and rocky soils;

steel casing pipes, piles and technological equipment, for the construction of which special technical conditions have been developed;

Structures of tunnels and subways;

Electrical power cables;

Metal and reinforced concrete underground structures subject to corrosion from stray electric currents;

Main oil and gas pipelines;

Communications and casing strings of wells in oil and gas fields;

thermal networks.

These norms and rules also do not apply to technological equipment, application protective coatings which, in accordance with GOST 24444-80, is provided by manufacturers.

Protective coatings of technological equipment should be applied, as a rule, in the factory.

The application of protective coatings on process equipment directly at the place of its installation is allowed:

piece acid-resistant materials, chemically resistant: polymer sheet materials and laminated plastics (fiberglass, chlorine fabric, etc.), mastic compositions and paints and varnishes based on epoxy and other resins;

Gumming open way non-standardized equipment manufactured at the assembly site.

In the factory, protective coatings are applied to steel pipelines and tanks for the storage and transportation of liquefied gas, which are laid and installed on the territory of cities and towns.

The application of protective coatings on steel pipelines and tanks at the place of their construction is allowed when:

insulation of welded joints and small fittings;

Correction of places of damage to the protective coating;

insulation of containers assembled at the installation site from separate elements.

1. General Provisions

1.1. Work to protect building structures and structures, as well as process equipment, gas ducts and pipelines from corrosion should be carried out after the completion of all previous construction and installation work, during the production of which the protective coating may be damaged.

The procedure for performing anti-corrosion protection of these structures before they are installed in the design position, as well as the protection of the upper (supporting) part of the foundations before the start of installation work, should be established in technological maps for these jobs.

1.2. Anti-corrosion protection of equipment, as a rule, must be carried out before the installation of removable internal devices(mixer, heating elements, bubblers, etc.). When equipment is delivered from the factory with internal devices mounted, they must be dismantled before anti-corrosion work begins.

1.3. Carrying out anti-corrosion work in the presence of internal devices in the equipment or installing them before the end of anti-corrosion work is allowed only in agreement with installation organization performing anti-corrosion protection.

1.4. Upon acceptance from manufacturers of steel building structures, as well as technological equipment, the anti-corrosion coating applied to them must be examined, standards or specifications.

1.5. Welding work inside and outside of metal apparatuses, gas ducts and pipelines, including welding of elements for fixing thermal insulation, must be completed before the start of anti-corrosion work.

1.6. Leak testing of the equipment is carried out after the installation of the housing and preparation metal surface under anti-corrosion protection in accordance with clause 2.1 .

1.6.1. Surface preparation of capacitive concrete and reinforced concrete structures(including trays of irrigation coolers) under protective coatings should be carried out before they are tested for tightness in accordance with the requirements SNiP 3.05.04-85 .

1.7. When protecting the surfaces of stone and reinforced masonry structures with mastic coatings, all seams of masonry must be embroidered, and when protecting with paint and varnish coatings, the surfaces of these structures must be plastered.

1.8. Work on applying protective coatings, as a rule, should be carried out at a temperature of ambient air, protective materials and protected surfaces not lower than:

10°C - for protective coatings prepared on the basis of natural resins; mastic and putty coatings from silicate materials; pasting protective coatings based on bituminous roll materials, polyisobutylene plates, Butilkor-S plates, dubbed polyethylene; rubber coatings; facing and lining coatings installed on acid-resistant silicate putties, on bituminol mastics; for acid-resistant concrete and silicate-polymer concrete;

15°C - for paint and varnish reinforced and non-reinforced coatings, as well as bulk coatings with materials prepared on synthetic resins; mastic coatings from nairite and sealants prepared on the basis of synthetic rubbers; coatings from sheet polymeric materials; facing and lining coatings, performed on arzamit, furancor, polyester, epoxy and mixed putties epoxy resins; polymer concrete; for cement-polystyrene, cement-perchlorovinyl and cement-casein coatings;

25°C - for coating "Polan".

If necessary, it is allowed to perform certain types of protective coatings at lower temperatures, taking into account the technical documentation specially developed for these purposes, agreed in the prescribed manner.

1.9. AT winter time anti-corrosion work should be carried out in heated rooms or shelters. At the same time, the temperature of the air, protective materials and protected surfaces must comply with the requirements clause 1.8 .

When using polymer adhesive tapes and wrapping materials intended for insulating pipelines and containers in winter, the tapes and wrappings must be kept for at least 48 hours in a room with a temperature of at least 15°C before application.

1.10. It is not allowed to install protective coatings on open apparatus, structures, pipelines, gas ducts and building structures that are outdoors during precipitation. Immediately before applying protective coatings, the surfaces to be protected must be dried.

1.11. Places of forced openings must be sealed with coatings of the same type. At the same time, pasting coatings must be reinforced with an additional layer covering the opening points at least 100 mm from the edges.

1.12. Alignment not allowed concrete surface protective coating materials.

1.13. During the production of works on anticorrosion protection, exposure of finished protective coatings, storage and transportation of structures and equipment with protective coatings, measures must be taken to protect these coatings from pollution, moisture, mechanical and other influences and damage.

1.14. Anti-corrosion protection must be carried out in the following technological sequence:

Preparation of the protected surface for a protective coating;

Preparation of materials;

Applying a primer that ensures adhesion of subsequent layers of protective coatings to the surface to be protected;

Applying a protective coating;

drying the coating or its heat treatment.

1.15. Work with acid-resistant concrete must be carried out in accordance with the requirements set forth in SNiP II-15-76.

2. Surface preparation

Metal surface preparation

2.1. The metal surface prepared for anti-corrosion work should not have burrs, sharp edges, welding spatter, sagging, burns, flux residues, defects arising during rolling and casting in the form of non-metallic macro-inclusions, shells, cracks, irregularities, as well as salts, fats and pollution.

2.2. Before applying protective coatings, the surfaces of steel building structures, apparatus, gas ducts and pipelines should be cleaned of oxides by blasting using shot blasting machines, mechanical brushes or rust converters. Surface cleaning methods are indicated in the technical documentation.

2.3. The surfaces of steel building structures intended for treatment with rust converters (modifiers) should be cleaned only from peeling rust or scale films. The thickness of corrosion products allowed for modification, as a rule, is no more than 100 microns.

2.5. The compressed air used for cleaning must be dry, clean and comply with GOST 9.010-80.

2.6. When abrasive cleaning on the treated surface, the formation of condensate must be excluded.

2.7. After cleaning, the metal surface must be dedusted mechanically or with solvents.

Concrete surface preparation

2.9. The concrete surface prepared for the application of anti-corrosion protection must not have protruding reinforcement, shells, sags, ribs, oil stains, dirt and dust.

Embedded products must be rigidly fixed in concrete; aprons of embedded products are installed flush with the surface to be protected.

The places where the floor adjoins columns, foundations for equipment, walls and other vertical elements must be monolithic.

Supports of metal structures must be concreted.

Moisture content of concrete surface layer 20 mm thick should be no more than 4%.

2.10. Concrete surfaces previously exposed to acidic corrosive environments should be washed clean water, neutralized with an alkaline solution or a 4-5% solution of soda ash, washed again and dried.

Notes: 1. The moisture content of concrete for coatings from water-soluble compositions is not standardized, but there should not be a visible film of water on the surface.

3. Lacquer protective coatings

3.1. The application of paint and varnish protective materials should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

Applying and drying putties (if necessary);

Application and drying of top coats;

shutter speed or heat treatment coatings.

3.2. The method of application, the thickness of individual layers, air humidity and drying time of each layer, the total thickness of the protective coating are determined by the technical documentation developed in accordance with GOST 21.513-83

3.3. Coating materials must be mixed, filtered and have a viscosity appropriate to the method of application before use.

3.4. Reinforced paint and varnish coatings should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

Application and drying of the primer;

Application of an adhesive composition with simultaneous gluing and rolling of the reinforcing fabric and holding it for 2-3 hours;

impregnation of the glued fabric with the composition and its drying;

Layering protective compounds with drying of each layer;

exposure of the applied protective coating.

3.5. The preparation of glass fabric materials consists in cutting the panels, taking into account the overlap of 100-120 mm in the longitudinal and 150-200 mm in the transverse joints.

4. Mastic, putty and liquid protective coatings

4.1. The installation of mastic, putty and bulk protective coatings should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

sticker of fiberglass in the places of conjugation of the protected surfaces for the subsequent installation of self-leveling coatings;

Application and drying of primers;

Applying mastic, putty or liquid coatings and drying them.

For underground pipelines and tanks - layer-by-layer application of bituminous layers and reinforcing wraps.

4.2. The composition, number of layers, drying time, total thickness of the protective coating are determined by the technical documentation developed in accordance with GOST 21.513-83 and the requirements of this SNiP.

4.3. Mastic coatings prepared on compositions of natural and synthetic resins; bulk coatings and putties prepared on polymer formulations; putty coatings prepared on soluble glass should be applied in layers no thicker than 3 mm each.

4.4. The bulk protective coating must be protected from mechanical influences within 2 days from the moment of its application and kept for at least 15 days at a temperature not lower than 15°C before commissioning.

4.5. A protective coating based on hot bituminous or coal tar mastics must be protected from external mechanical influences until the ambient temperature is reached.

4.6. Coatings used to protect steel embedded parts of precast concrete structures; cement-polystyrene, cement-perchlorovinyl and cement-casein - must have a consistency that allows them to be applied at a time with a layer of at least 0.5 mm thick, and zinc tread coatings - at least 0.15 mm.

4.7. Each layer of coating must be dried at a temperature not lower than 15°C, not less than:

30 min - for cement-polystyrene;

2 hours - for cement-casein;

4 hours - for cement-perchlorovinyl coatings and metal tread primers.

4.8. Metal protective coatings can be used both at positive and negative (up to minus 20 degrees C) temperatures and must be maintained before applying subsequent coatings, hours, not less than:

3 - at a positive temperature;

24 - "negative" to minus 15°С;

48 - "" " below minus 15°С.

5. Liquid rubber protective coatings

5.1. The application of protective coatings from liquid rubber mixtures should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

Application of primers;

Coating with liquid rubber compounds;

Vulcanization or drying of the coating.

5.2. The thickness of the coating is determined by the project.

5.3. Priming of the protected surface should be carried out:

under coatings of thiokol sealants (U-30M) - with adhesives 88-N, 88-NP, 78-BTsS-P, primers - epoxy-thiokol, chlornairite;

under coatings of epoxy-thiokol sealants (U-30 MES-5) - diluted sealant U-30 MES-10;

under coatings from nairite compositions (nairit NT) - with chlornairite soil;

for divinylstyrene sealants (type 51G-10) - diluted divinylstyrene sealant.

5.4. Coatings based on sealants U-30M, U-30 MES-5 and gumming composition based on nairite NT must be cured after all layers have been applied. The vulcanization mode is indicated in the technical documentation.

Coatings based on sealant 51 G-10 are dried at a temperature of 20 degrees C.

5.5. The technology for performing the Polan-M coating consists in applying:

two primer layers of glue 88-N or 78-BTsS-P;

one layer of intermediate composition "P";

The technology for performing the Polan-2M coating consists in applying:

two layers of adhesive composition "A";

protective layers of composition "Z".

The technology for performing the Polan-B coating consists in applying:

layer of adhesive composition "A";

a layer of cement-adhesive composition based on Portland cement grade 400 and adhesive composition "A";

layer of intermediate composition "P";

protective layers of composition "Z".

5.6. All compositions "Polan" are applied in layers with drying of each layer in accordance with the technological instructions.

5.7. The subsequent lining after applying the "Polan" composition should be started after the finished coating has been kept for 2 days at a surface temperature of at least 20 degrees C.

6. Pasting protective coatings

6.1. The application of pasting protective coatings should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

Application and drying of primers;

Layer-by-layer gluing of materials;

Processing of joints (welding or gluing);

drying (exposure) of the gluing coating.

6.2. On the surface to be protected before sticking the roll materials on bituminous mastics primers based on bitumen must be applied, on synthetic adhesives - primers from the same adhesives.

To stick polymer adhesive tapes on protected pipelines and containers, their surface must be primed with polymer or bitumen-polymer primers.

6.3. Drying of the first layer of primers based on bitumen should be carried out to touch, the second - within 1-2 hours. Drying of each layer of primer from varnishes BT-783 must be done within a day. Drying of the first layer of primers from synthetic glue should be done within 40-60 minutes, the second - to tack. Drying of polymeric and bitumen-polymeric primers - to tack.

6.4. Before sticking to the surface to be protected, rolled materials must be cleaned of mineral dressing, sheet materials - washed with soapy and clean water (plastic compound - degreased with acetone); dried and cut into pieces. Plates of polyisobutylene, "Butylkor-S", reinforced PVC film must be kept in a straightened state for at least 24 hours, the PVC compound must be heated to a temperature of 60°C.

6.5. Blanks of sheet protective materials should be primed twice with glue of the same composition as the surfaces to be protected with drying of the first layer of primer for 40-60 minutes and the second - to tack.

6.6. When applying sheet and roll materials on bituminous mastic, its layer should not exceed 3 mm, on adhesives - 1 mm.

The joints of the pasted blanks of protective coatings should be located at a distance of at least 80 mm from the metal welds.

6.7. When gluing with sheet and roll materials, the overlap of panels should be, mm:

25 - for polyvinylchloride compound in the constructions working under filling. Polyvinylchloride compound when protecting floors can be glued end-to-end;

40 - for polyisobutylene plates on synthetic adhesives with seam welding;

50 - for glass fabric materials on synthetic resins, activated polyethylene film, polyisobutylene plates on synthetic adhesives with sealing with polyisobutylene paste; sheets "Butylkor-S" on synthetic adhesives for a single-layer coating;

100 - for duplicated polyethylene, hydroisol, polyisobutylene plates on bitumen, roofing material, glass roofing material;

200 - for "Butylkor-S" on synthetic adhesives for the second layer, reinforced PVC film.

6.8. The joints of glued plastic blanks must be welded in a stream of heated air at a temperature of 200 + - 15 ° C by rolling the welded seam. The glued blanks made of plastic compound must be kept for at least 2 hours before further processing.

6.9. The method of sealing the joints of polyisobutylene plates is indicated in the project.

6.10. When sticking polyisobutylene plates in one layer, the overlapping seams must be reinforced with polyisobutylene strips 100-150 mm wide, and their edges are welded to the main coating or glued to it with polyisobutylene paste.

6.11. With a single-layer coating, the glued seam from Butylcore-S must be additionally coated with two layers of Butylcore-S paste, drying each layer until completely dry (approximately 3 hours at a temperature of 15 ° C).

6.12. Seams in the coating of a reinforced PVC film should be additionally glued with a strip 100-120 mm wide of the same material or an unreinforced PVC film with a layer of GIPC-21-11 glue previously applied and dried for 8-10 minutes.

6.13. Protective coatings made of rolled materials glued on bituminous compounds must be puttied with bituminous mastics. On horizontal coatings, mastic should be applied in layers no more than 10 mm thick, on vertical ones - in layers 2-3 mm thick each.

6.14. Coatings to be subsequently protected with materials based on silicate and cement compositions must be rubbed over a layer of bituminous mastic or synthetic resins with coarse-grained quartz sand.

6.15. A day after the coating of the reinforced PVC film is made, one layer of glue is applied to its surface with a brush, into which dry sand with a fraction of 1-2.5 mm is embedded. Laying the subsequent coating on the surface prepared in this way is allowed after 24 hours.

6.16. Before performing facing or lining work, putty is applied to the pasting coating, prepared from the same materials as the binder composition.

6.17. When insulating pipelines and tanks with polymer adhesive tapes in the area of welds, for additional protection, one layer of adhesive tape 100 mm wide is applied over the primer, then this area is wrapped (with tension and compression) with three layers of adhesive tape. The tape should not reach 2-3 mm to wrappers with increased moisture saturation, then to the polymer sticky tape put on a protective wrap.

6.18. When applying a protective coating polymer tapes in areas of joints and damage, it is necessary to ensure that the transitions to the existing coating are smooth, and the overlap is at least 100 mm.

7. Gumming protective coatings

7.1. Protection with gum coatings should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

covering the protected surface with rubber blanks;

checking the continuity of the lining with a flaw detector;

Preparation for vulcanization;

Vulcanization of rubber linings.

7.2. On welds, corners and other protruding parts of the protected surface, strips up to 50 mm wide and dowels made of gumming materials must first be glued.

7.3. The technology for performing gumming work must comply with the requirements of technological instructions.

7.4. Prepared protected surfaces before gluing with gumming materials should be wiped with gasoline, dried and smeared with adhesives, the brands of which correspond to the gumming materials.

7.5. The blanks before sticking should be smeared with glue and held for 40-60 minutes. The workpieces should be glued overlapping, overlapping the joints by 40-50 mm, or end-to-end and roll them with rollers until air bubbles are removed. The joints when sticking end-to-end must be covered with tapes 40 mm wide. The seams of the lining should be located at a distance of at least 80 mm from the welds of the metal.

7.6. Cut blanks should be glued, as a rule, pre-duplicated. If air bubbles form between the rubber sheets, the rubber must be pierced with a thin needle moistened with glue and carefully rolled with a toothed roller. It is not recommended to duplicate rubber in more than 3 layers. With a lining thickness of 6 mm, it is recommended to carry out gumming in layers in two steps.

7.7. Gumming of equipment should begin with lining the inner surface with blanks, then fittings, branch pipes, manholes and other openings.

7.8. Vulcanization of the gum coating is carried out with live steam, hot water or a 40% solution of calcium chloride (with open vulcanization) and live steam (with closed vulcanization under pressure).

8. Metallized and combined protective coatings

8.1. The surface prepared by shot blasting should be determined by the roughness value, which is from 6.3 to 55 microns.

8.2. The gap in time between the end of the shot blast cleaning of the surface and the start of the application of the metallization coating must correspond to the following data:

indoors with relative humidity air up to 70% - no more than 6 hours;

outdoors under conditions that exclude the formation of condensate on a metal surface - no more than 3 hours;

at air humidity above 90% under a canopy or inside the apparatus, provided that moisture does not get on the protected surface, - no more than 0.5 hours.

8.3. Under the conditions of the construction site, the metallization coating is applied manually by gas-flame and electric arc methods.

8.4. The wire used to create the plating should be smooth, clean, free of kinks and free from swollen oxides. If necessary, the wire is cleaned of preservative lubrication with solvents, from contamination - with N 0 sandpaper.

8.5. Metallization by hand should be carried out by successive application of mutually overlapping parallel strips. Coatings are applied in several layers, with each subsequent layer being applied so that its passage is perpendicular to the passages of the previous layer.

8.6. To ensure the high quality of the metallization coating during the deposition of a protective metal, the following conditions must be observed:

The distance from the melting point of the wire to the protected surface should be within 80-150 mm;

The optimal angle of application of the metal-air jet should be 65 - 80°;

The optimal thickness of one layer should be 50-60 microns;

The temperature of the protected surface during heating should not exceed 150 °C.

8.7. When installing a combined protective coating, the application of paint and varnish coatings on the metallization should be carried out in accordance with sec. 3 .

9. Facing and lining protective coatings

9.1. Protection of the surface of building structures and structures (lining) and process equipment (lining) with piece materials must be carried out in the following technological sequence:

Preparation of chemically resistant putties (solutions);

Application and drying of a primer (when lining metal equipment without an organic sublayer) or putty;

Lining of equipment or cladding of building structures;

drying lining or lining;

Oxidation (if necessary) of the seams.

9.2. The application of compounds containing acidic hardeners on concrete or steel surfaces is not allowed. Before applying these compositions, concrete and steel surfaces must be pre-protected with an intermediate layer of the material specified in the project.

9.3. Facing and lining piece materials must be sorted and matched by size. It is not allowed to use acidified and oily materials.

9.4. Before cladding and lining on bituminous and polymeric compositions, piece materials must be primed along the edges and with back side suitable primers.

9.5. The number of layers of lining or lining and the type of chemically resistant putties (solutions) are indicated in the project.

9.6. For facing on bituminous mastics, tiles with a thickness of at least 30 mm should be used.

9.7. The width of the seams when lining with acid-resistant mortars: for tiles - 4 mm; for brick - 6 mm.

9.8. Structural dimensions of interlayers and seams when lining building structures and lining process equipment with piece materials on various chemically resistant putties (solutions) are given respectively: for lining - in tab. 4 , for lining - in tab. 5 .

9.9. Lining and cladding with piece products on chemically resistant silicate putties and cement-sand mortars, depending on the requirements of the project, can be carried out with filling the joints with one composition, hollowing with subsequent cutting of the joints, or in a combined way with the simultaneous application of acid-resistant silicate putty or cement-sand mortar and polymer putty. Filling the joints between piece acid-resistant materials should be carried out by squeezing out the putty (mortar) with the simultaneous removal of the protruding part of the putty (mortar). The seams between the loosely installed piece materials, which are to be subsequently filled, must be cleaned of putty or mortar residues and dried, and then smeared:

for silicate putty - 10% alcohol solution of hydrochloric acid;

for a cement-sand mortar, in the case of cutting with a polymer putty with an acid hardener - a 10% aqueous solution of magnesium fluorosilicone or oxalic acid.

After greasing, before filling, the seams must be dried during the day.

9.10. Lining and lining should be dried in layers in accordance with the technological instructions.

9.11. The lining on chemically resistant putties should be dried at a temperature not lower than 10°C until the adhesion strength of the acid-resistant silicate putty (1.5-2.0 MPa) is reached; putties "Arzamit-5": for acid-resistant ceramic products- 2.0-3.0 MPa, for carbon graphite - 3.0-3.5 MPa.

9.12. Lining or lining on synthetic resins should be kept at a temperature of 15-20 ° C, as a rule, for 15 days. It is allowed to reduce the exposure time of the lining and lining according to the regime determined by special instructions.

9.13. Oxidation of the seams, if it is provided for by the project, should be carried out after drying the lining or lining by double lubrication with a 20-40% solution of sulfuric or 10% hydrochloric acid.

9.14. The lining of the equipment is produced with bandaging of the seams.

9.15. Equipment and prefabricated parts of cylindrical gas ducts and pipelines may be lined with acid-resistant piece products before their installation, and additional calculation of these structures for installation loads must be made.

9.16. When lining apparatuses with conical bottoms, the brick is laid in rings, starting from the center of the cone and constantly approaching the walls of the apparatus, alternating straight and wedge bricks.

9.17. Floor cladding should be done in layers along the beacons, which, upon completion of the work, should be replaced with the materials provided for by the project.

10. Quality control of work performed

10.1. Production quality control of work should be carried out at all stages of the preparation and implementation of anti-corrosion work.

10.1.1. During the input control, they check the availability and completeness of the working documentation, the compliance of materials with state standards and specifications, and also examine the protective coatings of building structures and technological equipment applied at the factory.

10.1.2. During operational control, surface preparation is checked, compliance with the conditions for the production of anti-corrosion work (temperature and humidity of the ambient air and protected surfaces, cleanliness compressed air), the thickness of individual layers and the total thickness of the finished protective coating, the completeness of filling the joints and their dimensions in the production of lining and facing works, the exposure time of the individual layers and the finished protective coating.

10.1.3. During the acceptance control of the completed protective coatings, their continuity, adhesion to the protected surface and thickness, the tightness of the layers and welds of the lining, the completeness of filling and the dimensions of the seams between the piece materials of the lining and facing coatings, the evenness of the facing coatings are checked.

If necessary, opening of protective coatings is allowed, about which an appropriate entry is made in the journal of anti-corrosion work.

10.1.4. The results of production quality control of work should be recorded in the journal of anti-corrosion work.

10.2. As the completed intermediate types of anti-corrosion work are completed, their examination should be carried out. Completed intermediate types of anti-corrosion work should include: a base (protected surface) prepared for subsequent work; priming surfaces (regardless of the number of applied layers of soil); impervious underlayer of protective coating; each fully finished intermediate coat of one type (regardless of the number of applied layers); special surface treatment of the protective coating (vulcanization of the gum coating, oxidation of the seams of the lining or facing coating).

Overhaul interpanel seams produced only by technology tight seam", developed by engineers of the StroyAlp group of companies. According to which SNiP was subsequently adopted on sealing the seams of large-panel buildings.

Insulation and sealing of seams of windows and junctions:

In order to get rid of mold around the windows, window sealing is carried out - sealing the joints and junctions of double-glazed windows and panels, insulation of junctions of ebbs and panels.

Repair of the facade of the building should be carried out regularly. Non-repairable cracks absorb moisture. In winter, ice forms in the cracks. These factors contribute to the rapid destruction of the facade.

Installation of a false facade is carried out on emergency buildings in order to prevent the fall of small fragments of the facade. False facade is produced an exact copy appearance of the existing facade at the time of repair.

TECHNOLOGICAL REGULATIONS FOR PAINTING METAL STRUCTURES

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. Technological regulations applies to work on anti-corrosion protection by painting the metal structures of superstructures and supports.

1.2. The technological process of painting metal structures at the assembly site includes the following sequential operations:

Surface preparation - degreasing, cleaning from oxides and scale, dedusting;

Restoration of primer layers applied at the factory and damaged during transportation and installation work;

Application of coating layers of paints and varnishes - preparation of working compositions of paintwork materials, application of the required according to STP 001-95 * and TECHNOLOGICAL REGULATIONS the number of layers of the required thickness;

Quality control and acceptance of complex coverage.

1.3. For the technological process, standard and unified tools and equipment should be used.

1.4. To protect metal structures from corrosion at the above-mentioned object, the following coating systems are used:

Coating system (A)

- Stelpant-Pu-Zink 80 - 100

- Stelpant-Pu-Mica HS 80 micron

Stelpant -Pu-Mica UV"80 micron

220 - 240 micron

Coating system (B)

Priming paint material- Stelpant-Pu-Zink 80 - 100 µm (applied at the factory)

Coating material - "Vinikor-62" 120 micron

Complex coating thickness 200 - 220 micron

Coating system (B)

Priming paint material- Stelpant-Pu-Zink 80 - 100 micron

(Applied at the factory)

intermediate coating material- Stelpant-Pu-Mica HS 80 micron

Coating material - "Vinikor - 62" 80 micron

Complex coating thickness 220 - 240 micron

1.5. The color of the covering layers of the outer surfaces of the metal structures is adopted in accordance with the color scheme.

1.6. The color of the covering layers inside the boxes and pylons is not regulated.

2. SURFACE PREPARATION FOR PAINTING

2.1. Regardless of the type of structure, before painting, the metal surface must be free of scale, oxides, damaged primer, organic contaminants (oil, grease), burrs, sharp edges, flux residues, welding spatter.

2.2. At this stage, it is necessary to clean the poorly applied paintwork to bare metal span structures.

Surface degreasing

2.3. The degreasing process consists in the removal of fatty and oily contaminants under the influence of organic solvents and alkaline degreasing solutions.

2.4. The quality of the surface degreasing is checked after the surface has completely dried by one of the methods recommended by GOST 9.402-80. The degree of degreasing should be 1.

Mechanical methods for removing poorly applied paint and varnish and preparing welded and bolted field joints.

Surface preparation quality control

2.13. Control of the state of the surface of metal structures should be carried out no later than 6 hours after surface preparation, and additionally immediately before painting, if the period exceeds the allowable interval between preparation and painting.

2.14. The surface prepared for painting must be dry, dust-free, free from oil and grease contamination (re-degrease if available), and not have deposits of secondary corrosion formed during surface treatment. After inspecting the surface, an act is drawn up for hidden work, characterizing the quality of surface preparation for painting (see Appendix).

3. COATING TECHNOLOGY

3.1. Before painting metal structures, it is necessary to carry out input control paintwork materials for compliance with the requirements normative documents on these materials in accordance with paragraph .

3.2. Before starting each work shift, check:

Conditions environment(air temperature, relative humidity);

dew point temperature;

The absence of moisture and oil contamination on the surface prepared for the application of paints and varnishes.

3.3. Before applying coating materials, it is necessary to check the quality of the primer layers applied at the factory. At the same time, defects in the paintwork must be restored with the same paints and varnishes that were used for painting metal structures at the manufacturing plant.

3.4. Before use, paints and varnishes should be mixed until the sediment is completely raised. The preparation of working compositions and the application of paints and varnishes is carried out in accordance with the Table.

3.5. Before application, paintwork materials must be brought to working viscosity and filtered through a sieve (GOST 6613).

3.6. The working viscosity is determined according to GOST 8420 using a VZ-246-4 viscometer.

3.7. When applying primer to bolted joints, it is necessary to use a nozzle with a small “torch” angle (30º - 40º), applying primer to the bolts and lining ends from all sides. In hard-to-reach places (where it is not possible to apply soil from all sides to the surface to be painted), apply a stripe layer of soil with a brush.

3.8. At the assembly joints, an increase in the thickness of the paintwork is allowed.

3.9. After applying the primer on the surface of the mounting joints and presenting the primed surfaces, top coats are applied.

3.10. Applicable coating systems:

System (A) - Stelpant-Pu-Zink + Stelpant-Pu-Mica HS+ Stelpant -Pu-Mica UV - used to paint part of the outer surfaces of the metal structures of the bridge.

System (B) - Stelpant-Pu-Zink + Vinicor-62 - is used for painting the external and internal surfaces of the metal structures of the bridge.

System (B) - Stelpant-Pu-Zink + Stelpant-Pu-Mica HS+ Vinicor-62 - transitional system between System (A) and System (B).

Table 1.

Technological parameters of applying paint and varnish coatings

	Solvent	Application methods				Number of layers (passes)
		Airless				Number of layers (passes)
		Working viscosity, sec	Thickness of one layer, microns	Working viscosity, sec	Thickness of one layer, microns	System (B)	System (B)
"Stelpant-Pu-Zink"	Stelpant-Pu-Thinner
Stelpant-Pu-Mica HS	"Stelpant-Pu-Thinner"
Stelpant-Pu-Mica UV	Stelpant-Pu-Thinner
Enamel "Vinikor 62" Hardener DTB-2 2.2 parts of hardener per 100 parts of the base, or AF-2 2.5 parts of hardener

3.11. Preparation and application of soil "Stelpant-Pu -Zink".

3.11.1. Stelpant-Pu-Zink is a one-component zinc-containing polyurethane primer cured with air moisture.

3.11.2. Preparation of the working composition "Stelpant-PU-Zin k » consists in thorough mixing. For airless spraying, paints and varnishes are used with the viscosity as delivered. If necessary, the addition of the Stelpant-PU-Thinner solvent is allowed in an amount of not more than 10%.

3.11.3. The working composition of materials not used during the shift should be poured with a small amount of solvent and tightly closed with the factory cap to prevent an increase in viscosity during storage.

3.11.4. The primer can be applied at air temperatures from 0 °C to +35 °C and relative air humidity up to 95%. Can be applied on damp but not wet surfaces.

3.11.5. The primer should be applied in an even layer with a thickness of 80¸ 100 µm (2 x 40 - 50 µm).

3.12. Preparation and application of Vinicor 62 enamel.

3.12.1. "Vinikor 62" is a two-component vinyl-epoxy enamel cured with amine hardeners.

Vinicor 62 enamel is cured with AF-2 hardeners in a ratio of 100:2.5 (for 100 weight parts of the base - 2.5 weight parts of the hardener) or with DTB-2 hardener in a ratio of 100:2.2, supplied in complete with enamel.

3.12.2. When opening a container with enamel, if there is a dried film on the surface of the enamel, it must be completely removed from the container.

After removing the film, the enamel should be thoroughly mixed until a non-separating homogeneous mass is obtained until the sediment is completely raised.

Up to operating viscosity at ambient temperature 20± 2 ° C enamel is brought, if necessary, by the introduction of the P4 solvent in an amount of not more than 5%.

3.12.3. After the introduction of the hardener, the enamel retains painting properties for 24 hours.

3.12.4. Enamel should be applied in a uniform layer 80¸ 150 µm (2 or 3 coats of 40-50 µm depending on the coating system).

3.12.5. Drying time of the coating at natural drying and temperature 18¸ 20 ° C is 24 hours. Drying control should be carried out organoleptically when pressed with a finger for 5¸ 6 seconds on the finger should not remain traces of the primer.

3.12.6. Enamel can be applied at air temperature from 0º to +35º and relative air humidity up to 85%.

4. QUALITY CONTROL OF PAINT COATINGS

General requirements

4.1. The task of line engineers and a representative of TECHNADZOR includes a thorough operational control of all technological process application of paints and varnishes, including:

The quality of the materials used;

Operability of control devices;

Qualification of personnel;

Compliance of climatic conditions with the requirements of the Technological Regulations for painting work;

Technological process parameters;

Quality of execution of individual technological operations;

Compliance with safety and environmental regulations.

Incoming control of paintwork materials

The accompanying documentation confirming the conformity of the received material with the ordered one and its quality (certificate, passport, information on the shipping container) must contain the following information:

material brand;

Name of the supplier company;

Material color and color number according to the catalog;

Date of manufacture and expiration date;

The main technical characteristics of the material.

The quality of coatings received from the manufacturer is often assessed by comparing the main technical characteristics indicated in the certificate for a batch of materials and the same characteristics in the manufacturer's technical documentation (specifications, instructions, brochures, etc.). However, in doubtful cases, the representative of the TECHNICAL SUPERVISION of the CUSTOMER has the right to require testing for certain indicators.

On the issue of testing paintwork materials, please contact the Central Research Institute of KM "Prometheus" (Dr. Sc. Pirogov V.D., Ph.D. Stepanova Irina Pavlovna tel. 274-18-14, 274-17-29, t/fax 274-17-07)

Paints and varnishes in which there is a surface film, gelatinization or hard-dry precipitation (which are observed when opening the packaging) are rejected and not allowed into production.

4.3. Painting equipment, control devices, technological equipment, personal protective equipment must be in working condition, which must be certified in the relevant documents.

4.4. Paint contractors must have documented qualifications appropriate to the type of work being done.

All personnel must have necessary knowledge on the technology of painting, safety and environmental protection.

4.5. When evaluating the quality of the painted surface (each layer and the complete coating system), visual inspection the entire surface. Separate tests and measurements provided for by technological documentation (film thickness, adhesion, continuity, degree of drying, etc.) are carried out in such places and with such frequency in order to obtain data on the actual values of the measured parameters.

4.6. At least three measurements are taken at each location and an average value is calculated. Quality criteria for the painted surface for each controlled indicator should be specified in the Technological Regulations and recommendations of the paint supplier.

Climate control

4.7. Control of climatic conditions during the execution of painting work must be carried out at least twice per shift, incl. the first time - before starting work. In unstable weather, measurements should be taken every two hours.

4.8. Climate control includes:

Lack of precipitation, or their consequences;

Compliance of the air temperature and the surface to be painted with the requirements set forth in the Technological Regulations and in the technical documentation for the paintwork material used;

Compliance with the relative humidity of the air to the requirements set forth in the Technological Regulations and in the technical documentation for the material used;

Probability of moisture condensation during painting work.

4.9. Air temperature should be measured with mercury or electronic thermometers with precision ± 0,5 ° C. Measurements must be taken in close proximity to the surface to be painted. When painting outdoors, measurements must be taken from both the sunny and shady sides. The obtained values of the air temperature must be compared with the permissible values of the application temperature of the used paintwork material and make a CONCLUSION on the possibility of performing painting work.

4.10. Relative humidity should be measured:

Aspiration psychrometers or vortex psychrometers with accuracy± 3 %;

Digital electronic hygrometers with measurement accuracy± 2% and measurement limit from 0 to 97% in the temperature range from 0 to 70° WITH.

The obtained values of relative humidity must be compared with the values allowed for the used paint and varnish material and a CONCLUSION must be made about the possibility of performing painting work.

4.11. The temperature of the surface to be painted should be measured with a magnetic contact thermometer with an accuracy of measurement ± 0,5 ° C. It is recommended to take at least one measurement per 10 sq. m. surface. Then you should choose the lowest and highest value for each area, compare them with the allowable temperatures of the surface to be painted for the paint material used and make a CONCLUSION about the admissibility of the painting work.

If necessary, selective coloring of those areas that currently meet the requirements for climatic conditions is allowed.

4.12. The probability of moisture condensation on the painted surface is determined by:

According to relative humidity values;

By the difference between air temperature and dew point;

By the difference between the temperature of the surface to be painted and the dew point.

4.13. According to ISO 8502-4, if the relative humidity is 85% or higher, the conditions for painting are considered critical, since the temperature is less than 3° WITH.

If the relative humidity is 80% or the air temperature is 3.4° C above the dew point, staining conditions can be considered favorable for about six consecutive hours.

To prevent moisture condensation, the temperature of the surface to be painted must be at least 3° C above dew point during painting work.

The dew point is determined from the tables given in ISO 8502-4 from the measured values of temperature and relative humidity.

4.14. The results of measurements of climatic parameters with the corresponding values should be recorded in the work log.

Control in the process of applying paints and varnishes

4.15. In the process of applying paints and varnishes, the following indicators are usually controlled:

Continuity of coating over the entire surface area;

Wet layer thickness;

Dry layer thickness;

Number of coating layers;

Adhesion;

The degree of drying of each coating layer before applying the next layer.

4.16. Before starting painting work, it is necessary to check the condition of the surface again. If more than 6 hours have elapsed since cleaning, check that the surface condition meets the relevant requirements.

4.17. Coating continuity, i.e. uniform, gap-free distribution of the coating material over the surface is usually assessed visually (by hiding power) in good diffused light or artificial lighting.

However, when forming paint coatings on critical structures (this must be agreed by the representative of the CUSTOMER'S TECHNICAL SUPERVISION), the coating continuity is controlled by an instrumental method - using a low voltage continuity detector.

4.18. Coating thickness. In the process of applying paints and varnishes, the film thickness of each layer and the total thickness of the coating must be controlled. This can be done by measuring the thickness first of the wet layer, then (before applying the next layer) of the dry film. When applying Vinicor 62 enamel, it is allowed to control the total thickness of the coating.

From the wet film thickness, the approximate dry film thickness can be estimated using the formula:

TSP \u003d TMP DN / 100, where

WMT - wet film thickness (determined using a "comb");

DN - volume fraction of non-volatile substances (%).

For enamel "Vinikor 62" TSP = 2 TMP

However, in practice, direct control of the dry film thickness is carried out, both layer by layer and the entire coating system, since it gives more accurate coating thickness values.

4.19. To measure the thickness of coatings on a magnetic substrate, devices are used that work on the principle of measuring the magnetic flux between a magnet and a magnetic substrate or the force of separation of a magnet from a magnetic substrate.

All instruments must be calibrated to "0" before use, and every 4 hours during use, to the upper limit and to those thicknesses that will preferably be controlled. To do this, use a set of reference samples.

4.20. When controlling coating thicknesses, the number and location of measurement sites must be such as to obtain a convincing indication of the actual thickness of the coating. This should be the subject of an agreement between the interested parties and noted in the technological documentation. Usually, the following ratio of the number of places for measuring the coating thickness and the area of the surface to be painted is taken:

Surface area to be painted, m 2	Number of measuring points

4.21. At each measurement point with an area of approximately 0.5 m 2, at least three measurements are made and an average value is calculated. To resolve the issue of the admissibility of the coating thickness, the well-known “90-10 Rule” is usually applied: 90% of the measured thicknesses must be at least the thickness specified in the technological documentation; 10% of the measured thicknesses must be at least 90% of the thickness specified in the technological documentation.

If the thickness of the coating is significantly higher than specified in the documentation, then the question of the admissibility of the coating is decided by the interested parties.

A COATING is considered unacceptable if it is more than twice the thickness required.

4.22. Coating adhesion is determined in accordance with GOST 15140-78 or ISO 2409 and ISO 4624 standards. Methods for determining adhesion are destructive and require restoration of the coating on damaged areas. Therefore, the number of measurements is agreed by the interested parties and noted in the technological documentation.

Tests are carried out at a temperature (22 ± 2) ° C and relative humidity (50 ± 5) % on coated inserts. The number of cuts in each direction of the lattice pattern should be 6.

The distance between the notches depends on the coating thickness:

With a thickness of up to 60 microns - 1 mm;

from 61 to 120 microns - 2 mm;

from 121 to 250 microns - 3 mm.

4.23. The degree of drying of each layer of the coating is controlled to determine the possibility of applying the next layer, controlled according to ISO 1517 standard methods or tactile methods (finger touch).

In practice, such indicators as "drying to tack" and "drying to the touch" are used. These expressions mean:

- "dry to touch" - a slight pressure on the coating with your finger does not leave a trace and does not give a sticky feeling;

- "dry to the touch" - careful touching of the coating with your hands does not cause damage to it.

4.24. In addition to evaluating the coating according to the above indicators, the representative of the TECHNICAL SUPERVISION of the CUSTOMER during the control process must visually inspect the entire surface after applying each layer in order to detect coating defects.

4.25. The appearance of the coating must be V class according to GOST 9.407: the coating must not have gaps, cracks, chips, bubbles, craters, wrinkles and other defects that affect the protective properties, as well as unpainted areas. Quality control of the appearance of coatings should be carried out by examining the painted structures. Up to 4 inclusions per 1 dm 2 are allowed. 2 mm in size (or another number of inclusions, if the size of each inclusion and the total size of inclusions does not exceed 8 mm per 1 dm²) (requirements of GOST 9.032-74 for class V paintwork).

Control of the formed paintwork

4.26. The control of the formed paint and varnish coating is carried out in the same volume as the control in the process of applying paints and varnishes.

However, in this case, the drying period of the coating is taken to be the exposure time before commissioning, i.e. until the coating achieves optimal physical, mechanical and protective properties.

After complete formation, the coating is subject to 100% visual control for the presence of color defects.

5. DOCUMENTATION

5.1. The performance of control operations and the results of control are documented at all stages of work on the application of paints and varnishes.

In the work journal (JOURNAL OF WORKS on waterproofing, anticorrosion protection, painting of steel structures), the foreman (foreman) or inspector (responsible person of the CUSTOMER) daily notes all the work that he had to perform during the day, indicating the date and time.

5.2. Control and acceptance certificates are drawn up for separate stages of work, corresponding to the preparation of the surface for painting and, as a rule, the application of each layer of the coating system. The act notes the results of the technological process of applying paints and varnishes and the quality of the formed coatings, including:

Brands and quality of materials used;

Efficiency of equipment, technological equipment and control devices;

Technological process parameters;

The quality of surface preparation for painting and the application of each layer of coating according to the main indicators;

The quality of a fully formed coating according to the main indicators.

The act concludes on the compliance of the quality of painting work with the requirements of standards and the Technological Regulations and the adoption of a specific scope of work.

In case of any deviations from the requirements of the standards or the technological Regulations for the performance of painting work, which were not corrected according to the remarks of the resident engineer (inspector), a NOTICE of violation of the requirements of regulatory documents is issued.

5.3. Upon completion of painting work, i.e. acceptance by the representative of the CUSTOMER'S TECHNICAL SUPERVISION (inspector) of a fully formed paint and varnish coating, a summary report is issued on quality control of the painting work at the facility. The summary report contains all the basic information about the organization of work and the values of the main parameters for the entire technological process. If necessary, photographs of the most characteristic (or controversial) areas of the cleaned or painted surface are attached to the summary report.

6. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND INDUSTRIAL SANITATION.

6.1. The painting process must be carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.005-75, SNiP 12-09, as well as " Sanitary regulations during painting work using manual sprayers "M 991-72, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health on 09/22/72,

6.2. When preparing the surface for painting, it is necessary to comply with the safety requirements in accordance with GOST 9.402-80.

6.3. Warehouses and areas for painting works are not allowed to carry out work related to the use of open fire, sparking, smoking, etc. Sites must be provided with foam fire extinguishers, sandboxes and other fire fighting equipment.

6.4. Production personnel should not be allowed to perform painting work without personal protective equipment that meets the requirements of GOST 12.4.011-89.

6.5. Workers conducting painting work must work in overalls. The overalls doused with solvent or paints and varnishes should be immediately replaced with clean ones.

6.6. To protect the respiratory organs from exposure to paint mist and solvent vapors, workers should use respirators of the RU-60M or RPG-67 type, as well as goggles.

6.7. When carrying out painting work in a "closed" space, it is necessary to use gas masks or specialized helmets with forced air supply.

6.8. When working in gas masks, workers should have a supply of interchangeable "tanks".

6.9. Lighting in the boxes must be explosion-proof or headlamps may be used.

6.10. To protect the skin of the hands, it is necessary to use rubber seals or ointments and pastes according to GOST 12.4.068-79 type IER-1, silicone cream, etc.

6.11. Containers containing paints and varnishes and solvents must have stickers or tags with the exact name and designation of materials. Containers must be in good condition and have tight-fitting lids.

6.12. Sawdust, rags, cleaning ends, rags contaminated with paints and varnishes and solvents should be placed in metal boxes and taken out to specially designated places at the end of each shift.

6.13. There should be clean water near the workplace, freshly prepared saline solution (0.6 - 0.9% sodium chloride solution), a clean, dry towel, and wiping material.

6.14. In case of contact with the eyes of solvent or paintwork material, immediately rinse eyes with plenty of water, then saline and then see a doctor.

6.15. After finishing work, it is necessary to clean the workplace, clean overalls and protective equipment.

6.16. In each shift, special persons should be allocated and trained to provide first aid.

APPENDIX

(mandatory)

ACT
FOR HIDDEN WORKS TO PREPARE METAL SURFACE FOR PAINTING

Commission consisting of:

__________________________________________________________________________

inspected and checked the preparation of the metal surface for applying the primer layer in _______________________________________________________

(specify span)

Control method	Applicability of the method	The requirement of GOST 9. 402-80 for the degree of degreasing 1
Surface wettability method	After degreasing with water and detergent solutions	The time to break the water film is more than 30 seconds
drip method		No oil stain on filter paper
Wiping Method	After degreasing with aqueous and detergent solutions, organic solvents	dark spot on a napkin vague, not clearly expressed

TECHNOLOGICAL REGULATIONS FOR PAINTING METAL STRUCTURES

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The technological regulations apply to work on anti-corrosion protection by painting the metal structures of superstructures and supports.

1.2. The technological process of painting metal structures at the assembly site includes the following sequential operations:

Surface preparation - degreasing, cleaning from oxides and scale, dedusting;

Restoration of primer layers applied at the factory and damaged during transportation and installation work;

Quality control and acceptance of complex coverage.

1.3. For the technological process, standard and unified tools and equipment should be used.

1.4. To protect metal structures from corrosion at the above-mentioned object, the following coating systems are used:

Coating system (A)

Stelpant-Pu-Zink 80 - 100

Stelpant-Pu-Mica HS 80 micron

Stelpant-Pu-Mica UV80 micron

220 - 240 micron

Coating system (B)

Priming paint material - Stelpant-Pu-Zink 80 - 100 µm (applied at the factory)

Coating material -"Vinikor-62" 120 micron

Complex coating thickness 200 - 220 micron

Coating system (B)

Priming paint material - Stelpant-Pu-Zink 80 - 100 micron

(Applied at the factory)

Intermediate paint material - Stelpant-Pu-Mica HS 80 micron

Coating material -"Vinikor - 62" 80 micron

Complex coating thickness 220 - 240 micron

1.5. The color of the covering layers of the outer surfaces of the metal structures is adopted in accordance with the color scheme.

1.6. The color of the covering layers inside the boxes and pylons is not regulated.

2. SURFACE PREPARATION FOR PAINTING

2.2. At this stage, it is necessary to clean the poorly applied paintwork to the bare metal of the structures of the superstructure.

Surface degreasing

2.3. The degreasing process consists in the removal of fatty and oily contaminants under the influence of organic solvents and alkaline degreasing solutions.

2.4. The quality of the surface degreasing is checked after the surface has completely dried by one of the methods recommended by GOST 9.402-80. The degree of degreasing should be 1.

Mechanical methods for removing poorly applied paint and varnish and preparing welded and bolted field joints.

2.5. The degree of cleaning of the surface prepared for applying the primer layer should be 1 - 2 according to GOST 9.402-80: when viewed with the naked eye, scale, rust and other non-metallic layers are not detected. Optimum roughness of the metal surface prepared for painting Rz30.

2.6. The required degree of purification from oxides is achieved with the abrasive blasting method. This method provides not only high quality cleaning from all types of contaminants, but at the same time gives the surface a uniform roughness, which helps to increase the adhesion of the coating.

2.7. Calcined (dry, humidity not more than 2%) quartz sand or dried granite screenings with a grain size of 0.5 ¸ 2.0 mm are used as an abrasive material.

The abrasive used must be free of contaminants and other foreign matter. Before using an abrasive in the absence of a certificate, it is imperative to check its purity. To do this, place a small amount of abrasive material in a small glass vessel with distilled water, shake vigorously and leave alone to precipitate. The surface of the water must be free of grease/oil, solids and no discoloration. When measuring the water extract with indicator paper, the pH should be at least 5. There should be no white precipitate in the water when a drop of 5% silver nitrate is added (indication of the presence of chloride salts).

2.8. Compressed air for sandblasting and for painting with pneumatic spraying, must comply with the requirements of GOST 9.010-80: the content of moisture and mineral oils in the form of drops is not allowed.

The presence of water and mineral oil in compressed air is determined by an air jet directed to the mirror surface for 3 minutes or to filter paper (with circles drawn with an ink pencil) for 15 minutes. Drops of moisture and oil are not allowed on the surface of the mirror. Oil spots should not appear on the surface of the paper and the drawn circles should not darken.

2.9. In case of incomplete removal of flux residues, alkaline slags, splashes and contact fluid(carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection) in the area of welds, accelerated destruction of the coating is possible, therefore, special attention should be paid to surface preparation in the area of welds and avoid using oils as a contact liquid during ultrasonic flaw detection.

2.10. On the surface of the bolted joints, there should not be large drops and streaks of sealant (type "Germokron") used in the assembly of the latter. It is allowed to have a small "roller" along the border of the end face of the lining or washer and the plane of the base metal.

2.11. After sandblasting, the surface of metal structures must be dedusted with a jet of compressed air or with an industrial vacuum cleaner.

2.12. In hard-to-reach places, inside the boxes, surface cleaning can be carried out with manual or mechanical metal brushes. The quality of the cleaned surface must meet the requirements of clause 2.5.

Surface preparation quality control

3. COATING TECHNOLOGY

3.1. Before painting metal structures, incoming control of paintwork materials for compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents for these materials should be carried out in accordance with clause 4.2.

3.2. Before starting each work shift, check:

Environmental conditions (air temperature, relative humidity);

dew point temperature;

The absence of moisture and oil contamination on the surface prepared for the application of paints and varnishes.

3.5. Before application, paintwork materials must be brought to working viscosity and filtered through a sieve (GOST 6613).

3.6. The working viscosity is determined according to GOST 8420 using a VZ-246-4 viscometer.

3.8. At the assembly joints, an increase in the thickness of the paintwork is allowed.

3.9. After applying the primer on the surface of the mounting joints and presenting the primed surfaces, top coats are applied.

3.10. Applicable coating systems:

System (A) - Stelpant-Pu-Zink + Stelpant-Pu-Mica HS + Stelpant-Pu-Mica UV - was used to paint part of the outer surfaces of the bridge steel structures.

System (B) - Stelpant-Pu-Zink + Vinicor-62 - is used for painting the external and internal surfaces of the metal structures of the bridge.

System (C) - Stelpant-Pu-Zink + Stelpant-Pu-Mica HS + Vinicor-62 - transitional system between System (A) and System (B).

Table 1.

Technological parameters of applying paint and varnish coatings

Paint material	Solvent	Application methods				Number of layers (passes)
		Airless				Number of layers (passes)
		Working viscosity, sec	Thickness of one layer, microns	Working viscosity, sec	Thickness of one layer, microns	System (B)	System (B)
"Stelpant-Pu-Zink"	Stelpant-Pu-Thinner
Stelpant-Pu-Mica HS	"Stelpant-Pu-Thinner"
Stelpant-Pu-Mica UV	Stelpant-Pu-Thinner
Enamel "Vinikor 62" Hardener DTB-2 2.2 parts of hardener per 100 parts of the base, or AF-2 2.5 parts of hardener

3.11. Preparation and application of Stelpant-Pu-Zink primer.

3.11.1. Stelpant-Pu-Zink is a one-component zinc-containing polyurethane primer cured with air moisture.

3.11.2. The preparation of the working composition "Stelpant-PU-Zink" consists in thorough mixing. For airless spraying, paints and varnishes are used with the viscosity as delivered. If necessary, the addition of the Stelpant-PU-Thinner solvent is allowed in an amount of not more than 10%.

3.11.4. The primer can be applied at air temperatures from 0 °C to +35 °C and relative air humidity up to 95%. Can be applied on damp but not wet surfaces.

3.11.5. The primer should be applied in an even layer with a thickness of 80 ¸ 100 microns (2 x 40 - 50 microns).

3.12. Preparation and application of Vinicor 62 enamel.

3.12.1. "Vinikor 62" is a two-component vinyl-epoxy enamel cured with amine hardeners.

3.12.2. When opening a container with enamel, if there is a dried film on the surface of the enamel, it must be completely removed from the container.

After removing the film, the enamel should be thoroughly mixed until a non-separating homogeneous mass is obtained until the sediment is completely raised.

To working viscosity at an ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 °C, the enamel is brought, if necessary, by the introduction of P4 solvent in an amount of not more than 5%.

3.12.3. After the introduction of the hardener, the enamel retains painting properties for 24 hours.

3.12.4. Enamel should be applied in a uniform layer 80 ¸ 150 microns thick (2 or 3 layers of 40-50 microns each, depending on the coating system).

3.12.5. Drying time of the coating in natural drying and temperature 18 ¸ 20 °C is 24 hours. Drying control should be carried out organoleptically when pressed with a finger for 5 ¸ 6 seconds, no traces of primer should remain on the finger.

3.12.6. Enamel can be applied at air temperature from 0º to +35º and relative air humidity up to 85%.

4. QUALITY CONTROL OF PAINT COATINGS

General requirements

4.1. The task of line engineers and a representative of TECHNADZOR includes careful step-by-step control of the entire technological process of applying paints and varnishes, including:

The quality of the materials used;

Operability of control devices;

Qualification of personnel;

Compliance of climatic conditions with the requirements of the Technological Regulations for painting work;

Technological process parameters;

Quality of execution of individual technological operations;

Compliance with safety and environmental regulations.

Incoming control of paintwork materials

4.2. The incoming control of paintwork materials includes checking the accompanying documentation, inspecting the shipping container and establishing the compliance of the material properties with the requirements specified in the technical documentation for the material.

material brand;

Name of the supplier company;

Material color and color number according to the catalog;

Date of manufacture and expiration date;

The main technical characteristics of the material.

Paints and varnishes in which there is a surface film, gelatinization or hard-dry precipitation (which are observed when opening the packaging) are rejected and not allowed into production.

4.3. Painting equipment, control devices, technological equipment, personal protective equipment must be in working condition, which must be certified in the relevant documents.

4.4. Paint contractors must have documented qualifications appropriate to the type of work being done.

All personnel must have the necessary knowledge of painting technology, safety and environmental protection.

4.5. When evaluating the quality of the painted surface (each layer and the complete coating system), a visual inspection of the entire surface is carried out. Separate tests and measurements provided for by technological documentation (film thickness, adhesion, continuity, degree of drying, etc.) are carried out in such places and with such frequency in order to obtain data on the actual values of the measured parameters.

Climate control

4.8. Climate control includes:

Lack of precipitation, or their consequences;

Compliance of the air temperature and the surface to be painted with the requirements set forth in the Technological Regulations and in the technical documentation for the paintwork material used;

Compliance with the relative humidity of the air to the requirements set forth in the Technological Regulations and in the technical documentation for the material used;

Probability of moisture condensation during painting work.

4.9. The air temperature should be measured with mercury or electronic thermometers with an accuracy of ± 0.5 °C. Measurements must be taken in close proximity to the surface to be painted. When painting outdoors, measurements must be taken from both the sunny and shady sides. The obtained values of air temperature must be compared with the permissible values of the application temperature of the used paint and varnish material and a CONCLUSION must be made about the possibility of performing painting work.

4.10. Relative humidity should be measured:

Aspiration psychrometers or vortex psychrometers with an accuracy of ± 3%;

Digital electronic hygrometers with a measurement accuracy of ± 2% and a measurement limit of 0 to 97% in the temperature range from 0 to 70 °C.

4.11. The temperature of the surface to be painted should be measured with a magnetic contact thermometer with an accuracy of ± 0.5 °C. It is recommended to take at least one measurement per 10 sq. m. surface. Then you should choose the lowest and highest value for each area, compare them with the allowable temperatures of the surface to be painted for the paint material used and make a CONCLUSION about the admissibility of the painting work.

If necessary, selective coloring of those areas that currently meet the requirements for climatic conditions is allowed.

4.12. The probability of moisture condensation on the painted surface is determined by:

According to relative humidity values;

By the difference between air temperature and dew point;

By the difference between the temperature of the surface to be painted and the dew point.

4.13. According to ISO 8502-4, if the relative humidity is 85% or higher, the conditions for painting are considered critical, since the temperature is less than 3 °C above the dew point.

If the relative humidity of the air is 80% or the air temperature is 3.4°C above the dew point, then the conditions for painting can be considered favorable for about six subsequent hours.

To prevent moisture condensation, the temperature of the surface to be painted must be at least 3 °C above the dew point during painting work.

The dew point is determined from the tables given in ISO 8502-4 from the measured values of temperature and relative humidity.

4.14. The results of measurements of climatic parameters with the corresponding values should be recorded in the work log.

Control in the process of applying paints and varnishes

4.15. In the process of applying paints and varnishes, the following indicators are usually controlled:

Continuity of coating over the entire surface area;

Wet layer thickness;

Dry layer thickness;

Number of coating layers;

Adhesion;

The degree of drying of each coating layer before applying the next layer.

4.17. Coating continuity, i.e. uniform, gap-free distribution of the coating material over the surface is usually assessed visually (by hiding power) in good diffused light or artificial lighting.

From the wet film thickness, the approximate dry film thickness can be estimated using the formula:

TSP \u003d TMP DN / 100, where

WMT - wet film thickness (determined using a "comb");

DN - volume fraction of non-volatile substances (%).

For enamel "Vinikor 62" TSP = 2 TMP

However, in practice, direct control of the dry film thickness is carried out, both layer by layer and the entire coating system, since it gives more accurate coating thickness values.

If the thickness of the coating is significantly higher than specified in the documentation, then the question of the admissibility of the coating is decided by the interested parties.

A COATING is considered unacceptable if it is more than twice the thickness required.

Tests are carried out at a temperature of (22 ± 2) °C and relative humidity (50 ± 5)% on coated plates. The number of cuts in each direction of the lattice pattern should be 6.

The distance between the notches depends on the coating thickness:

With a thickness of up to 60 microns - 1 mm;

from 61 to 120 microns - 2 mm;

from 121 to 250 microns - 3 mm.

In practice, such indicators as "drying to tack" and "drying to the touch" are used. These expressions mean:

- "dry to touch" - a slight pressure on the coating with your finger does not leave a trace and does not give a sticky feeling;

- "dry to the touch" - careful touching of the coating with your hands does not cause damage to it.

4.25. The appearance of the coating must comply with class V according to GOST 9.407: the coating must not have gaps, cracks, chips, bubbles, craters, wrinkles and other defects that affect the protective properties, as well as unpainted areas. Quality control of the appearance of coatings should be carried out by examining the painted structures. Up to 4 inclusions per 1 dm 2 are allowed. 2 mm in size (or another number of inclusions, if the size of each inclusion and the total size of inclusions does not exceed 8 mm per 1 dm²) (requirements of GOST 9.032-74 for class V paintwork).

Control of the formed paintwork

4.26. The control of the formed paint and varnish coating is carried out in the same volume as the control in the process of applying paints and varnishes.

However, in this case, the drying period of the coating is taken to be the exposure time before commissioning, i.e. until the coating achieves optimal physical, mechanical and protective properties.

After complete formation, the coating is subject to 100% visual control for the presence of color defects.

5. DOCUMENTATION

5.1. The performance of control operations and the results of control are documented at all stages of work on the application of paints and varnishes.

Brands and quality of materials used;

Efficiency of equipment, technological equipment and control devices;

Technological process parameters;

The quality of surface preparation for painting and the application of each layer of coating according to the main indicators;

The quality of a fully formed coating according to the main indicators.

The act concludes on the compliance of the quality of painting work with the requirements of standards and the Technological Regulations and the adoption of a specific scope of work.

6. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND INDUSTRIAL SANITATION.

6.1. The painting process must be carried out in accordance with GOST 12.3.005-75, SNiP 12-09, as well as "Sanitary rules for painting work using manual sprayers" M 991-72, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health of 09/22/72,

6.2. When preparing the surface for painting, it is necessary to comply with the safety requirements in accordance with GOST 9.402-80.

6.3. Warehouses and areas for painting work are not allowed to carry out work related to the use of open fire, sparking, smoking, etc. Sites must be provided with foam fire extinguishers, sandboxes and other fire fighting equipment.