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REGULATIONS

fire safety when carrying out welding and other hot work at facilities National economy

APPROVE	AGREED
HEAD OF GUPO MVD USSR	GOSSORTEKHNADZOR OF THE USSR No. 12-3/1070 November 24, 1971
"29" XII-1972	W C S P S No. 12-4/1080 October 18, 1972

I. General provisions

1.1. These Rules provide for the basic fire-fighting requirements that are mandatory for implementation during welding and other hot work at all objects of the national economy, regardless of their departmental affiliation.

1.2. Responsibility for ensuring fire safety measures during welding and other hot work is assigned to the heads of enterprises, workshops, laboratories, workshops, warehouses, sites, installations, institutions and farms, in the premises or on the territories of which hot work will be carried out.

1.3. Managers and engineering and technical workers of enterprises, workshops, installations and other production sites are obliged to carry out and monitor the strict implementation of these Rules by subordinate personnel. With the publication of these Rules, the “Instruction on fire safety measures during hot work on industrial enterprises and at other objects of the national economy, ”approved by the UPO MOOP of the RSFSR on July 8, 1963, as well as similar instructions and rules issued (approved) by the fire departments of other union republics.

1.4. On the basis of these Rules, ministries and departments, as well as facility managers, may issue instructions on fire safety measures during hot work, in relation to individual production, taking into account its specifics.

1.5. Locations for welding and other hot work (associated with heating parts to temperatures that can cause ignition of materials and structures) can be:

permanent, organized in workshops, workshops or open areas specially equipped for these purposes;

temporary, when hot work is carried out directly in buildings under construction or in operation, residential buildings and other structures, on the territories of enterprises in order to repair equipment or install building structures.

1.6. Persons who have passed verification tests in the knowledge of fire safety requirements with the issuance of a special coupon are allowed to carry out welding and other hot work.

1.7. Permanent places for conducting hot work in open areas and in special workshops equipped in accordance with these Rules and safety regulations are determined by order of the head of the enterprise (organization).

1.8. Places for temporary welding and other hot work can only be determined by a written permission of the person responsible for the fire safety of the object (head of the institution, workshop, laboratory, workshop, warehouse, etc.). The permission form is attached (Appendix No. 2).

Notes:

1. Carrying out hot work without obtaining a written permit may be allowed at construction sites and in places that are not dangerous in terms of fire, only by highly qualified specialists who are well aware of these Rules and have mastered the fire-technical minimum program. The list of specialists admitted to independently conduct hot work without obtaining written permission is announced by the head of the facility.
2. The places and procedure for conducting hot work with the territorial fire departments, as a rule, are not agreed upon.
3. The procedure for issuing permits and monitoring compliance with fire safety measures during hot work at facilities protected by the fire department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is determined by the Manual on the organization of preventive work at these facilities.

1.9. Permission to conduct temporary (one-time) hot work is given only for a work shift. When carrying out the same works, if they will be carried out within several shifts or days, repeated permissions from the administration of the enterprise (workshop) are not required. In these cases, for each next work shift, after re-examination of the place specified works, the administration confirms the previously issued permit, about which a corresponding entry is made in it. In case of accidents, welding work is carried out under the supervision of the head of the workshop (section) without written permission.

In order to ensure timely control over the conduct of hot work, permits for these works from the administration of the facility or workshop must be received by the fire brigade, and where it does not exist, by the voluntary fire brigade (VFI) on the eve of the day of their production.

It is allowed to start hot work only after they have been agreed with the fire brigade (DPD) and the measures provided for in the permit for hot work have been carried out.

1.10. On weekends and holidays, permission to conduct temporary hot work is issued separately. The administration should organize control over the implementation of these works.

1.11. The procedure for organizing and conducting hot work at fire and explosion hazardous enterprises of the chemical, petrochemical, gas, oil refining and metallurgical industry is determined by special provisions and instructions developed and approved by Gosgortekhnadzor and agreed with the bodies of Gospozhnadzor. At the same time, in all cases, a permit for the right to conduct hot work at such facilities is issued only by the chief engineer or a person replacing him.

1.12. The place of hot work must be provided with fire extinguishing equipment (a fire extinguisher or a box with sand, a shovel and a bucket of water). If there is an internal fire water pipeline in the immediate vicinity of the welding site, pressure hoses with trunks must be connected to the valves. All workers engaged in hot work must be able to use primary fire extinguishing equipment.

1.13. In the case of hot work in buildings, structures or other places in the presence of combustible structures near or under the place of these works, the latter must be reliably protected from fire by metal screens or watered, and measures must also be taken to prevent sparks from scattering and falling on combustible structures, underlying platforms and floors.

1.14. Carrying out hot work in permanent and temporary places without taking measures to exclude the possibility of a fire is strictly prohibited.

1.15. It is possible to start hot work only after all fire safety requirements have been met (availability of fire extinguishing equipment, cleaning the workplace from combustible materials, protection of combustible structures, etc.). After the end of hot work, their performer is obliged to carefully examine the place of these works, pour water on combustible structures and eliminate violations that could lead to a fire.

1.16. The person responsible for conducting temporary (one-time) hot work is obliged to instruct the direct executors of these works (electric welders, gas welders, gas cutters, gas cutters, solderers, etc.) on fire safety measures, determine fire prevention measures for preparing the work site, equipment and communications in accordance with fire safety requirements.

During the period of bringing these works, the responsible person must establish control over the observance by the performer of hot work of fire safety measures and safety precautions.

1.17. "Head of the facility or other executive responsible for the fire safety of the premises (territory, installations, etc.) must ensure that the site of temporary hot work is checked within 3-5 hours after their completion.

1.18. In fire and explosive places, welding, gas-cutting, petrol-cutting and soldering work should be carried out only after thorough cleaning of explosive and fire hazardous products, cleaning of equipment and premises, complete removal of explosive dusts and substances, flammable and combustible liquids and their vapors. The room must be continuously ventilated and a thorough control of the state of the air environment should be established by conducting express analyzes using gas analyzers for this purpose.

When considering the issue of conducting hot work in fire and explosion hazardous premises, the head of the enterprise should strive to ensure that only work is carried out in these premises that cannot be carried out in places of constant welding, or in premises that are not dangerous in terms of fire.

1.19. Before welding containers (compartments of ships, tanks, tanks, etc.) in which there was liquid fuel, flammable and combustible liquids, gases, etc., they must be cleaned, flushed hot water with caustic soda, steaming, drying and ventilation with subsequent laboratory analysis of the air. In all cases, the container must be muted from all communications, which should be recorded in the shift supervisors log or a special log for installing and removing plugs on communications. Welding must be carried out with open manholes, hatches, plugs, as well as with active portable ventilation.

1.20. Temporary places for conducting hot work and places for installing welding units, gas cylinders and tanks with flammable liquid must be cleared of combustible materials within a radius of at least 5 m.

1.21. When carrying out welding, petrol-cutting, gas-cutting and soldering work prohibited:

a) start work with faulty equipment;

b) to weld, cut or solder freshly painted structures and products until the paint is completely dry;

c) use clothes and gloves with traces of oils and fats, gasoline, kerosene and other combustible liquids during hot work;

d) store clothing, flammable liquid and other easily combustible objects or materials in welding booths;

e) allow students and workers who have not passed tests in welding and gas-flame work and without knowledge of fire safety rules to work;

e) allow contact electrical wires with cylinders with compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases;

g) to perform welding, cutting, soldering or heating with an open fire of devices and communications filled with combustible and toxic substances, as well as non-combustible liquids, gases, vapors and air under pressure or under electrical voltage.

1.22. Persons engaged in hot work, in the event of a fire or fire, are obliged to immediately call the fire brigade (FPD) and take measures to eliminate the fire or fire with the available fire extinguishing equipment.

1.23. The person responsible for carrying out hot work is obliged to check the availability of fire extinguishing equipment at the workplace, and after finishing work, inspect the workplace, underlying platforms and floors and ensure that measures are taken to exclude the possibility of a fire.

1.24. Hot work must immediately stop at the first request of a representative of the State Fire Supervision Service, Gosgortekhnadzor, the technical inspection of the council of the trade union, professional or departmental fire protection, the head of a voluntary fire brigade, fire and guard protection.

II. Gas welding works

2.1. The operation of stationary acetylene generators is permitted only after they have been accepted by the technical inspector of the trade union council.

Permission to operate portable acetylene generators will be issued by the administration of enterprises and organizations in charge of these generators.

2.2. Portable acetylene generators for operation should be installed in open areas. Temporary work is allowed in well-ventilated areas.

Acetylene generators must be fenced and placed no closer than 10 m from the venues welding work, from open flames and very hot objects, from places where air is taken in by compressors and fans.

When installing an acetylene generator, notices are hung out: “NO ENTRY IS FORBIDDEN - FIRE DANGEROUS”, “DO NOT SMOK”, “DO NOT PASS WITH FIRE”.

2.3. The welder (cutter, solderer) in the gas-flame processing of metals must be guided by these Rules, the Safety and Industrial Sanitation Rules in the production of acetylene, oxygen and gas-flame processing of metals, the Safety Rules in the gas industry, the Rules for the Design and Safe Operation of Pressure Vessels, and the Working equipment operating instructions.

2.4. Repair of gas communications using welding equipment is only allowed for operating pipelines natural gas located outside the buildings and territories of outdoor installations, subject to the Safety Rules in the gas industry and special instructions agreed with the local bodies of Gosgortekhnadzor.

2.5. Control of gas contamination in the area of ​​the accident should be carried out with the help of gas analyzers, and the places of gas leakage from pipelines should be determined using a soap emulsion. The use of open flame sources for these purposes, as well as the simultaneous welding, insulation and cleaning of the trench at the place of deformation of gas communications is prohibited.

2.6. At the end of the work, the calcium carbide in the portable generator must be completely finished. Lime sludge removed from the generators must be unloaded into containers adapted for this purpose and drained into a sludge pit or a special bunker.

Open silt pits must be fenced with railings, and closed ones must have fireproof ceilings and be equipped with exhaust ventilation and manholes for sludge removal.

Smoking and the use of sources of open fire within a radius of less than 10 meters from the places of storage of sludge is prohibited, about which appropriate announcements must be posted.

2.7. The fastening of gas supply hoses on the connecting nipples of equipment, burners, cutters, reducers must be reliable. For this purpose, special clamps must be used.

Instead of clamps, it is allowed to fix the hoses in at least two places along the length of the nipple with soft annealed (knitting) wire.

On the nipples of water locks, the hoses must be tightly put on, but not fixed.

2.8. Storage and transportation of cylinders with gases is carried out only with safety caps screwed onto their necks. When transporting cylinders, avoid shocks and shocks.

Cylinders are delivered to the place of welding on special carts, stretchers, sledges. Carrying cylinders on the shoulders and arms is prohibited.

2.9. Cylinders with gas during their storage, transportation and operation must be protected from the action of sun rays and other heat sources.

Cylinders installed indoors must be located away from radiators and other heating appliances and stoves at a distance of at least 1 m, and from heat sources with open fire - at least 5 m.

The distance from the burners (horizontally) to bypass ramp (group) installations must be at least 10 m, and to individual cylinders with oxygen and combustible gases - at least 5 m.

Storage of oxygen cylinders and cylinders with combustible gases, as well as calcium carbide, paints, oils and fats in the same room is prohibited.

2.10. In the welding workshop, if there are no more than 10 welding posts, it is allowed to have one spare cylinder with oxygen and combustible gas for each post. Spare cylinders must be either protected by steel shields or stored in special annexes to the workshop. If there are more than 10 welding stations in the workshop, a centralized gas supply should be arranged.

2.11. Empty oxygen and combustible gas cylinders must be handled in the same way as filled cylinders.

2.12. In places where calcium carbide drums are stored and opened, smoking, the use of open flames and the use of tools that can generate sparks upon impact are prohibited. Opening drums with calcium carbide is done with a brass chisel and hammer. The sealed drums are opened with a special knife. The place of the cut on the lid is pre-lubricated with a thick layer of grease.

2.13. Opened calcium carbide drums should be protected with water-tight lids with bent edges that tightly encircle the drum. The height of the side of the lid must be at least 50 mm.

2.14. indoors acetylene plants, where there is no intermediate storage of calcium carbide, it is allowed to store at the same time not more than 200 kg of calcium carbide, and from this amount in open form there can be no more than one drum.

Calcium carbide should be stored in dry, well ventilated areas.

Drums with calcium carbide can be stored in warehouses both in horizontal and in vertical position.

In mechanized warehouses, it is allowed to store drums with calcium carbide in three tiers for vertical storage, and in the absence of mechanization - no more than three tiers for horizontal storage and no more than two tiers for vertical storage. Boards with a thickness of 40-50 mm should be laid between the tiers of drums.

The width of the passages between stacked drums with carbide must be at least 1.5 m.

2.15. It is forbidden to place warehouses for the storage of calcium carbide in basements and low flooded areas.

2.16. When carrying out gas welding and gas cutting works, it is prohibited:

a) warm up frozen acetylene generators, pipelines, valves, gearboxes and other parts of welding installations with open fire or hot objects, as well as use a tool that can generate sparks upon impact;

b) allow contact of oxygen cylinders, reducers and other welding equipment with various oils, as well as oiled clothing and rags;

c) smoke and use open fire at a distance of less than 10 m from cylinders with combustible gas and oxygen, acetylene generators and sludge pits;

d) work from one water lock for two welders, load calcium carbide of oversized granulation or push it into the funnel of the apparatus using iron bars and wire, work on carbide dust;

e) load calcium carbide into wet loading baskets or in the presence of water in the gas collector, load baskets with carbide more than half of their volume when the “water to carbide” generators are operating;

c) purge the hose for combustible gases with oxygen and the oxygen hose with combustible gases, as well as interchange hoses during operation, use hoses whose length exceeds 30 m. installation work the use of hoses up to 40 m long is allowed. The use of hoses longer than 40 m is allowed in exceptional cases with the permission of the work manager and the safety engineer;

g) twist, twist or pinch gas supply hoses;

h) move the generator if there is acetylene in the gas collector;

i) forced operation of acetylene generators by deliberately increasing the gas pressure in them or increasing the one-time load of calcium carbide.

2.17. It is forbidden to use copper tools for opening drums with calcium carbide, as well as copper as a solder for soldering acetylene equipment and in other places where contact with acetylene is possible.

III. Electric welding works

3.1. Electric welding work in buildings should be carried out in specially designated ventilated rooms.

3.2. The place for carrying out welding work in combustible rooms must be fenced with a solid partition made of fireproof material, and the height of the partition must be at least 2.5 m, and the gap between the partition and the floor should not exceed 5 cm.

3.3. Floors in rooms where welding work is carried out must be made of non-combustible materials. It is allowed to install wooden end floors on a non-combustible base in rooms where welding is carried out without preheating the parts.

3.4. Installations for electric welding must meet the requirements of the relevant sections of the Rules for the installation of electrical installations, the Rules technical operation electrical installations of consumers and the Safety Rules for the operation of electrical installations of consumers with the additions that are given in these Rules.

3.5. Electric welding installations must have technical documentation explaining the purpose of units, equipment, instruments and electrical circuits.

3.6. The installation for manual welding must be equipped with a knife switch or "contactor" (for connecting the welding power source to the distribution shop network), a fuse (in the primary circuit) and an indicator of the welding current value (ammeter or scale on the current regulator).

3.7. Single-station welding motor-generators and transformers are protected by fuses only from the mains side. The installation of fuses in the welding current circuit is not required.

3.8. Mechanically strong hose cables must be used at temporary welding sites for electric welding operations associated with frequent movements of welding installations.

3.9. The use of cords of all brands to connect the welding power source to the distribution shop network is not allowed. As an exception, wires of the PR, PRG brands can be used as supply wires, provided that their insulation is strengthened and protected from mechanical damage.

3.10. To supply current to the electrode, insulated flexible wires (for example, PRGD brands) and a protective hose for medium working conditions should be used. When using less flexible wires, they should be connected to the electrode holder through an extension of a flexible hose wire or cable with a length of at least 3 meters.

3.11. To prevent fires of electrical wires and welding equipment, right choice wire cross-sections according to the current value, wire insulation, operating voltage value and fuse links of electric fuses for the maximum permissible rated current.

3.12. It is forbidden to lay bare or poorly insulated wires, as well as to use homemade electrical fuses and wires that do not provide the passage of the welding current of the required value.

3.1.3. Connections of the cores of welding wires must be made using crimping, welding, soldering, and special clamps. The connection of electrical wires to the electrode holder, the workpiece to be welded and the welding machine is carried out using copper cable lugs fastened with bolts and washers.

3.14. Wires connected to welding machines, switchboards and other equipment, as well as to places of welding work, must be reliably insulated and in necessary places protected from action high temperature, mechanical damage and chemical influences.

Cables (wiring) of electric welding machines must be located at a distance of at least 0.5 m from oxygen pipelines, and at least 1 m from pipelines of acetylene and other combustible gases. In some cases, it is allowed to halve the indicated distances, provided that the gas pipeline is enclosed in a protective metal pipe .

3.15. Steel tires of any profile, welding plates, racks and the welded structure itself can serve as a return wire connecting the workpiece to be welded with the welding current source, provided that their cross section ensures the safe flow of welding current under heating conditions.

The interconnection of individual elements used as a return wire must be carried out very carefully (using bolts, clamps or clamps).

3.16. Use as a return wire of internal railway tracks, grounding or grounding networks, as well as metal structures of buildings, communications and technological equipment prohibited. Welding must be done using two wires.

3.17. When carrying out electric welding work in fire-hazardous premises and structures, the return wire from the workpiece to be welded to the power source is carried out only insulated wire, moreover, in terms of insulation quality, it should not be inferior to a straight wire connected to the electrode holder.

3.18. Electrode holders for manual welding must be of minimum weight and have a design that provides reliable clamping and quick change of electrodes, as well as excluding the possibility of a short circuit of its body to the workpiece during temporary interruptions in work or if it accidentally falls on metal objects. The handle of the electrode holder must be made of non-combustible dielectric and heat-insulating material.

3.19. The electrodes used in welding must comply with GOST and be factory-made, and must also correspond to the rated value of the welding current.

When changing electrodes during the welding process, their remains (ends) should be thrown into a special metal box installed at the welding site.

3.20. The electric welding installation must be grounded for the entire time of operation. In addition to grounding the main electric welding equipment in welding installations, this clamp must be directly grounded. secondary winding welding transformer, to which the conductor leading to the product (return conductor) is connected.

3.21. Welding generators and transformers, as well as all auxiliary devices and apparatus for them, installed in the open air, must be in a closed or protected design with dampproof insulation and installed under sheds made of non-combustible materials.

3.22. Cleaning of the unit and starting equipment is carried out daily after the end of work. Repair welding equipment must be made in accordance with established rules production of scheduled preventive repairs.

3.23. Heating temperature separate parts welding unit (transformers, bearings, brushes, secondary circuit contacts, etc.) should not exceed 75 °.

3.24. The insulation resistance of the current-carrying parts of the welding circuit must be at least 0.5 megohm. The insulation must be checked at least once every 3 months (for automatic welding under a flux layer - once a month) and must withstand a voltage of 2 kV for 5 minutes.

3.25. Arc power in installations for atomic hydrogen welding must be supplied from a separate transformer. The direct supply of the arc through any type of current regulator from the distribution network is not allowed.

3.26. In atomic hydrogen welding, a device must be provided in the burner automatic shutdown voltage and stopping the supply of hydrogen in the event of a break in the price.

Do not leave the torches unattended while the arc is burning.

3.27. The distance from spot, seam and relief welding machines, as well as from butt welding machines to the location of combustible materials and structures must be at least 4 m when welding parts with a cross section of up to 50 square meters. mm, and from machines for butt welding of parts with a cross section of more than 50 sq. mm - not less than 6 m.

IV. Hot work using liquid fuel

a) Metal cutting

4.1. During gasoline-kerosene cutting works, the workplace is organized in the same way as during electric welding. Particular attention should be paid to the inadmissibility of spills and the correct storage of flammable and combustible liquids, compliance with the cutting regime and care of the fuel tank.

4.2. Storage of a fuel supply at the place of petrol-cutting operations is allowed in an amount not exceeding the replacement requirement. Fuel should be stored in a serviceable unbreakable tightly closed special container at a distance of at least 10 m from the place of hot work.

4.3. For gasoline-kerosene cutting work, fuel without foreign impurities and water should be used. It is not allowed to fill the tank with fuel more than 3/4 of its volume.

4.4. The fuel tank must be in good condition and sealed. It is necessary to have a pressure gauge on the tank, as well as a safety valve that does not allow the pressure in the tank to increase by more than 5 atm. Tanks that have not been tested with water to a pressure of 10 atm, that have a leak of flammable liquid or a faulty pump, are NOT ALLOWED for operation.

4.5. Before starting petrol-cutting work, it is necessary to carefully check the serviceability of all fittings of the gasoline-kerosene-sink, the tightness of the connection of the hoses on the nipples, the serviceability of the thread in the union nuts and heads.

4.6. It is forbidden to heat the torch vaporizer by igniting a flammable liquid poured in the workplace.

4.7. The fuel tank must be located no closer than 5 m from oxygen cylinders and from a source of open fire and no closer than 3 m from the cutter's workplace. In this case, the tank must be located so that flames and sparks do not fall on it during operation.

4.8. When carrying out petrol-kerosene cutting works, it is prohibited:

a) to cut at an air pressure in the fuel tank that exceeds the working pressure of oxygen in the cutter;

b) overheat the torch evaporator to a cherry color, and also hang the torch vertically during operation, head up;

c) clamp, twist or break the hoses supplying oxygen and fuel to the cutter;

d) use oxygen hoses to supply gasoline or kerosene to the cutter.

b) Soldering work

4.9. The workplace during soldering work must be cleared of combustible materials, and combustible structures located at a distance of less than 5 meters must be reliably protected from fire by metal screens or watered.

4.10. Blowtorches must be kept in good working order and checked for strength and tightness at least once a month, recording the results and the date of the check and a special journal. In addition, control hydraulic pressure tests should be carried out at least once a year.

4.11. Each lamp must have a passport indicating the results of the factory hydraulic test and allowable working pressure. Lamps are supplied with spring-loaded safety valves adjusted to a predetermined pressure, and lamps with a capacity of 3 liters or more - with pressure gauges.

4.12. Blowtorches should be filled with fuel and kindled in places specially designated for this purpose. When refueling lamps, avoid spilling fuel and using open flames.

4.13. To prevent the emission of a flame from a blowtorch, the fuel refilled into the lamp must be free of foreign matter and water.

4.14. To prevent blowtorch explosion, DO NOT:

a) use gasoline or a mixture of gasoline and kerosene as fuel for kerosene lamps;

b) increase the pressure in the lamp reservoir when pumping air over the allowable working pressure according to the passport;

c) fill the lamp with kerosene more than 3/4 of the volume of its tank;

d) heat the burner with liquid from the lamp pumped by the pump;

d) unscrew air propeller and a filler plug when the lamp is on or has not yet cooled down;

c) disassemble and repair the lamp, as well as empty it or refuel it near an open flame, while allowing smoking.

4.15. Use blowtorches to thaw frozen plumbing sewer pipes and steam-water heating pipes in buildings with combustible structures or finishes, IT IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED.

V. Cooking of bitumen and resins

5.1. Boilers for melting bitumen and resins must be installed on specially designated sites, remote from newly constructed buildings, combustible buildings and building materials at least 50 m. It is forbidden to install boilers in attic spaces and on coatings (with the exception of non-combustible coatings).

5.2. Each boiler must be equipped with a tight fireproof cover to protect against atmospheric precipitation and to extinguish the mass flammable in the boiler, as well as a device that prevents bitumen from entering the combustion chamber when it boils.

5.3. In order to avoid pouring the mastic into the furnace and igniting it, the boiler must be installed at an angle so that its edge located above the furnace is 5-6 cm higher than the opposite one. The combustion opening of the boiler must be equipped with a folding visor made of non-combustible material.

5.4. After completion of work, the furnaces of the boilers must be extinguished and filled with water.

5.5. For firefighting purposes, bitumen cooking sites must be provided with dry sand boxes with a capacity of 0.5 cubic meters. m, shovels and foam fire extinguishers.

5.6. When operating mobile boilers on liquefied gas gas cylinders in the amount of not more than two should be placed in metal ventilated cabinets installed at a distance of at least 20 m from operating boilers.

These cabinets must be kept locked at all times.

Storage of spare gas cylinders should be carried out in rooms that meet fire safety requirements.

Application No. 1

in fire safety engineering to the qualification
certificate number ____

(Valid only if you have a qualification certificate)

Tov. _______________________________________________
(last name, first name and patronymic)

passed the tests for the program of the fire-technical minimum and knowledge of fire safety requirements during welding and other hot work at national economy facilities.

The coupon is valid for one year from the date of issue.

Administration representative _______________________________________________
______
(Object name)

"_____" __________19

Representative of the body (part) of the fire department

"_____" __________19

Voucher extended until _______________19

Property management representative

Representative of the body (part) of the fire department

"_____" __________19

A note on violations of fire safety rules during hot work _______________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________
(signature of the person who checked compliance with fire safety rules)

Application No. 2

PERMISSION

for hot work

"_____" __________19

shop __________________________

Issued to comrade __________________________________ in that he is allowed to produce ______________

(indicate specifically what kind of hot work and the place of their implementation)

__________________________________

after the following measures have been taken to ensure fire safety of work: ________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

The permit is valid from “___” hour.

(signature)

Permit extended from “___” hour.

"_____" __________19 to “___” hour. "_____" __________19

Chief engineer (head of the workshop) _________________________________
(signature)

Production _______________________________________________
(specify what kind of work)

Agreed subject to the following additional requirements fire safety:

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

Agreement extended:

Briefing on fire safety measures and implementation
activities proposed in the permit received ______________________________
(signature of the person conducting the work)

7.3.50*. Acetylene generators must comply with GOST 12.2.054 - 81 "SSBT. Acetylene plants. Safety requirements" and OST 26 - 06 - 350 - 89 "Acetylene equipment. General technical requirements".

7.3.51. All acetylene generators must have a passport of the established form, an inventory number. Each acetylene generator must be supplied with an instruction manual.

Acetylene generators with a pressure above 0.069 MPa (0.7 kgf / cm 2) and a product of pressure in megapascals (kgf / cm 2) and a capacity in liters of more than 50 (500) must be registered with the local authorities of the State Technical Supervision Authority. The remaining generators are registered only with the enterprise - the owner.

7.3.52. Portable acetylene generators should be installed outdoors or under a canopy. To perform temporary work, it is allowed to install acetylene generators in production and office premises with a volume of at least 300 m3 per unit, provided that these premises are well ventilated. If the generator is installed in one room, and gas welding work is carried out in another, adjacent room, then the volume of the room in which the generator is installed must be at least 100 m 3 for each device.

Acetylene generators must be fenced and placed no closer than 10 m from the places of welding, from open flames and very hot objects, from places where air is taken by compressors and fans.

Installation of generators in rooms where people work or are constantly occupied, in aisles, on landings, in basements, in unlit places, in channels and tunnels, as well as in rooms where it is possible to release substances that form explosive mixtures with acetylene (for example, chlorine) or flammable (for example, sulfur, phosphorus, etc.) is prohibited.

Stationary generators, as well as portable generators intended for stationary operation, must be installed in special rooms and operated in accordance with the "Safety and Industrial Sanitation Rules for the Production of Acetylene, Oxygen and Flame Treatment of Metals".

When installing an acetylene generator, signs with inscriptions are posted; Entrance to strangers is prohibited - flammable, No smoking, Do not pass with fire or prohibition safety signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026 - 76.

If it is necessary to install portable acetylene generators in walkways or on stairwells they must be fenced and kept under constant surveillance.

At negative temperature air generators should be located in insulated booths.

7.3.53. Minimum distance from the place of welding to the warehouse of flammable materials (kerosene, gasoline, tow, etc.), as well as to explosive materials and installations (including gas cylinders and gas generators) must be at least 10 m.

7.3.54. The use of open fire or incandescent objects for heating gas generators is prohibited. Frozen acetylene generators may only be heated with steam or hot water that does not contain traces of oil; it is allowed to heat portable generators indoors at a distance of at least 10 m from an open fire and in the presence of ventilation.

7.3.55. Filling the gas generator with water must be carried out exactly up to the level of the control device.

7.3.57*. Post gates should be placed in metal ventilated cabinets in a vertical position and removed at a distance of at least 0.5 m from insulated wires, 1 m from bare wires and 3 m from the source of an open flame.

7.3.58. The liquid level in the safety lock should be checked before starting work and every 2 hours of operation in the absence of gas pressure in it and after each reverse stroke. At least once a week, the shutter must be checked with soap. emulsion for tightness at operating pressure and at least once every 6 months. at the highest working pressure, Checking the strength of the valve should be carried out hydraulic pressure 6 MPa (60 kgf / cm 2) 1 time per year. The tightness of the non-return valve to the seat should be checked at least once every 15 days by tearing the valve three times in the absence of pressure. In this case, the valve must be filled with liquid up to the level of the control device.

The results of checks for the tightness of the safety shutter should be recorded in a log (free form).

7.3.59. After each penetration of the flame into the shutter, check the tightness of the non-return valve to the seat and the tightness and strength of the shutter in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 7.3.58 of these Rules.

7.3.60. After mounting the valve, before putting it into operation, the tightness of the non-return valve footprint to the seat and the tightness of the valve must be checked.

Insert the calcium carbide chamber into the generator socket and pull it out for charging and discharging slowly, smoothly and without jerks to avoid sparks from friction. Pushing calcium carbide into the funnel of the apparatus with iron bars and wire is prohibited. For pushing, use wooden sticks or other devices that exclude the possibility of sparks.

7.3.62. When operating acetylene generators, it is prohibited;

work with a faulty water lock or without a lock and allow the water level in the lock to drop below the permissible level;

work with faulty and unadjusted safety valves or in their absence, as well as install plugs instead of safety valves and membranes;

work on carbide dust;

load and unload calcium carbide into wet boxes or baskets and perform these operations without gloves;

load calcium carbide into the apparatus in excess of the norm established by the operating instructions for the acetylene generator;

force gas formation in excess of the established nameplate capacity and artificially increase the pressure in the generator over established norm, jam the generator bell or install any loads on it;

turn off automatic controllers;

open the cover of the loading device of the retort of medium-pressure generators of all systems under gas pressure;

operate from one portable generator when more than one flame treatment station is supplied with acetylene.

Note. It is allowed to supply up to four stations with acetylene from the GVR-3 type gas generator; in this case, in addition to the safety valve, a water seal must be installed on the generator at each station.

7.3.63. It is forbidden to leave a portable generator unattended during its operation.

7.3.64. At the end of the work, the calcium carbide in the generator should be completely finished, the sludge should be drained, the body and retorts washed with water, and the generator and unused calcium carbide in a closed container should be installed in a safe place.

The room in which the operating portable generator was installed must be thoroughly ventilated upon completion of work.

7.3.65. Lime sludge removed from the generator must be unloaded into containers adapted for this purpose and drained into a sludge pit or a special bunker. Open silt pits must be fenced along the perimeter to a height of at least 1 m. Closed pits must have fireproof ceilings, exhaust ventilation and hatches for removing sludge.

Within a radius of up to 10 m from the places of storage of silt, safety signs prohibiting smoking and the use of open flame sources should be posted.

7.3.66*. Inspection, cleaning and flushing of acetylene generators should be carried out at least 2 times a month.

Before cleaning acetylene installations, all openings (purge screens, hatches, etc.) must be open for ventilation.

The safety valves should be flushed at least 2 times a month.

Workers unloading sludge from the generator must wear respirators, canvas gloves and goggles.

Acetylene generators and other acetylene equipment must be operated in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer's operating instructions and regulatory and technical documentation.

Occupational safety in the industry for welding specialties. General safety rules for the operation of portable acetylene generators

General safety rules for the operation of portable acetylene generators

Modern acetylene generators are simple in design, with proper preparation for operation and maintenance, they are safe to operate. Violation or non-observance of the safety or maintenance instructions may result in explosions and accidents.

1. It is forbidden to use self-made acetylene generators and those whose designs are not approved by VNIIAavtogen.

2. Each portable acetylene generator must have a passport and instructions for operation and safety precautions and an inventory number, according to which the generator must be registered in the register and technical inspections.

3. The generator must be located at a distance of at least 10 m from the place of gas-flame work, as well as from any other source of fire and sparks.

4. It is not allowed to install the generator in an inclined position; during operation, it should be protected from bumps, bumps and falls.

5. It is not allowed to work from a portable generator installed on the same cart with an oxygen cylinder. Joint transportation of an uncharged generator with an oxygen cylinder is allowed.

6. The portable generator must not be left unattended during operation.

7. It is forbidden to load calcium carbide of lesser granulation into the generator than indicated in the generator passport.

8. It is prohibited to use one portable generator to supply acetylene to more than one flame treatment post.

It is allowed to supply up to four posts with acetylene from a GVR-3 type generator. In this case, in addition to the safety lock on the generator, a water lock must be installed at each post.

9. When operating portable generators in the open air or in unheated rooms at temperatures below 0 0 С, you should:

1. close the generator with a frost protection cover;
2. during long breaks and after the end of work, remove the loading device, completely drain the water from the generator and remove carbide sludge;
3. coat the hose and valve body on the water seal heat-insulating material(for example, cord asbestos);
4. fill water locks with non-freezing liquid;
5. when water freezes in the generator, water seal or hoses, they should be warmed up in a warm room at a distance of at least 10 m from a source of fire, sparks, etc. It is allowed to heat the generator with hot water or steam. It is forbidden to use an open flame, hot metal, electric heating appliances etc.;
6. in the case of using the generator to power the post located in the room, it is allowed to remove the water seal from the generator and install it in the room, connecting it to the generator with a rubber hose.

10. At the end of the work, the calcium carbide in the generator should be completely finished, drained of sludge, the body and retorts washed with water, and the generator and unused calcium carbide in a closed container should be installed in a safe place.

11. The room in which the operating portable generator was installed must be thoroughly ventilated upon completion of work.

12. Lime sludge removed when recharging a portable generator must be unloaded into a container adapted for this purpose and drained into a sludge pit or a special bunker (box).

13. Near the silt pits and places of storage of silt, inscriptions should be posted on the prohibition of smoking, making fire and bringing incandescent or smoldering objects at a distance of less than 10 m;

14. Silt pits must be cleaned in a timely manner, their overflow with silt is prohibited.

15. It is forbidden to install acetylene generators in aisles, driveways, in crowded places in unlit places, in rooms where it is possible to release substances that form self-explosive mixtures with acetylene, or release flammable substances, as well as in operating boiler rooms and near places where air is taken by compressors and fans.

16. Periodically inspection of portable generators should be carried out by the technical administration of the enterprise (organization). The results of the inspection must be made an appropriate entry in the passport and the log of technical inspections. If during the inspection faults are found, then its further operation should be suspended.

Safe working practices with calcium carbide

The most common way to obtain technical acetylene is the decomposition of calcium carbide with water in acetylene generators.

Calcium carbide is a compound of calcium with carbon. It is obtained by fusing in an electric furnace at a temperature of 2000º C quicklime with coal or coke. The content of pure calcium carbide in technical carbide is usually 65 - 70%. At a break, such a carbide has a light gray color; at a higher content, its color becomes purple. The main impurity of technical calcium carbide is quicklime.

The process of formation of acetylene from calcium carbide proceeds very rapidly with the release of a large amount of heat. So, for example, during the decomposition of 1 kg of calcium carbide with water, about 400 kcal of heat is released. Therefore, during the decomposition of 1 kg of calcium carbide, practically 5 to 15 liters of water are taken. The lack of water for the decomposition of calcium carbide can lead to severe overheating of acetylene and its explosive decomposition.

From 1 kg of calcium carbide, 200 - 350 liters of acetylene are usually obtained. In practice, taking into account various losses, to obtain 1000 liters of acetylene, from 3.7 to 5 kg of calcium carbide and the size of its pieces (granules) are consumed. The larger the pieces of calcium carbide, the higher the yield of acetylene.

The process of decomposition of calcium carbide with water also proceeds extremely unevenly, the intensity of the reaction continuously weakens. Initially, while the pieces of calcium carbide are not yet covered with a lime crust, and the surface of the pieces is relatively large, acetylene is released violently, the decomposition reaction rate is maximum. As the surface of the pieces decreases in size and a lime crust forms on it, the contact of undecomposed calcium carbide with water becomes more difficult, the intensity of the reaction decreases, which leads to a decrease in the release of acetylene.

The main impurity in calcium carbide is slaked lime (silt) and the more it is, the lower the decomposition rate. In addition to lime, calcium carbide can contain ferrosilicon, which also reduces the rate of decomposition.

In addition to the listed impurities, calcium carbide contains a certain amount of calcium phosphite and phosphorous carbon, which, when interacting with water, form hydrogen phosphide. If calcium carbide contains an increased amount of phosphorous compounds, then the acetylene formed from it can ignite spontaneously in contact with air at elevated temperatures.

Ignition can occur at the time of starting the generators of the "water to carbide" system with a content of hydrogen phosphide in acetylene of more than 0.15%. Aluminum sulfide and calcium sulfide are the main sources of sulfur compounds in acetylene, and their content in acetylene is affected by the conditions of decomposition of calcium carbide by water.

In the generators of the “carbide to water” system, that is, under conditions of a large excess of water, the resulting hydrogen sulfide is completely dissolved in it. An admixture of ammonia in acetylene is formed during the decomposition of nitrogenous magnesium and nitrogenous aluminum. The ammonia content in acetylene is even more dependent on the same conditions as the hydrogen sulfide content. With an excess of water and good cooling of acetylene, almost all ammonia remains dissolved in water.

395. When carrying out painting work, it is necessary:

a) make the preparation and dilution of all types of varnishes and paints in isolated rooms at outer wall with window openings or in open areas, to carry out the supply of painting materials in finished form centrally, to place paints and varnishes at the workplace in an amount not exceeding the shift requirement, tightly close and store containers from under paints and varnishes in specially designated areas;

b) to equip electrocoloring devices when painting in an electrostatic field with a protective interlock, which excludes the possibility of turning on spray devices when the local exhaust ventilation systems or a stationary conveyor are not working;

c) do not exceed the shift demand for combustible substances at the workplace, open containers with combustible substances only before use, and at the end of work, close them and put them in a warehouse, store containers for combustible substances in a specially designated place outdoors.

396. Premises and work areas in which combustible substances are used (preparation of the composition and applying it to products) that emit fire and explosive vapors are provided with natural or forced supply and exhaust ventilation.

The air exchange rate for safe work in these premises is determined by the project for the production of work.

It is forbidden to allow persons who are not directly involved in the performance of work into the premises in which combustible substances are used, as well as to perform work and stay for people in adjacent premises.

397. Work in rooms, tanks, technological apparatus (equipment), zones (territories) in which the formation of combustible vapor-air mixtures is possible, should be carried out with a spark-proof tool in clothes and shoes that are not capable of causing a spark.

398. Combustible floor coverings should be applied in natural light. Work must begin from the places most remote from the exits from the premises, and in the corridors - after the completion of work in the premises.

399. Apply epoxy resins, adhesives, mastics, including paints and varnishes based on synthetic resins, and sticking tiles and rolls polymer materials follows after the completion of all construction and installation and sanitary works before the final painting of the premises.

400. It is necessary to wash the tools and equipment used in the production of work with combustible substances in an open area or in a room with exhaust ventilation.

401. A boiler for the preparation of mastics, bitumen or other flammable mixtures shall be fitted with a tight-fitting lid made of non-combustible materials. The filling of boilers is allowed no more than three-fourths of their capacity. The filler loaded into the boiler must be dry.

It is forbidden to install boilers for the preparation of mastics, bitumen or other flammable mixtures in attics and on coatings.

402. In order to avoid pouring the mastic into the furnace and igniting it, the boiler must be installed at an angle so that its edge, located above the furnace, is 5 to 6 centimeters higher than the opposite one. The furnace opening of a copper is equipped with a folding peak from nonflammable material.

403. After completion of work, the furnaces of the boilers must be extinguished and filled with water.

404. The head of the organization (foreman) provides a place for cooking bitumen with a box of dry sand with a capacity of 0.5 cubic meters. meters, 2 shovels and a fire extinguisher (powder or foam).

405. During the operation of mobile boilers on liquefied gas, gas cylinders in the amount of not more than 2 are located in ventilated cabinets made of non-combustible materials, installed at a distance of at least 20 meters from the working boilers.

These cabinets must be kept locked at all times.

406. The place of cooking and heating of mastic is collapsed to a height of at least 0.3 meters (or sides made of non-combustible materials are arranged).

407. It is forbidden to use open fire indoors to heat bituminous compounds.

408. Hot delivery bituminous mastic workplaces are allowed to carry out:

a) in special metal tanks, having the shape of a truncated cone, with the wide side facing down, with tight-fitting lids. Lids must have locking devices that prevent opening when the tank falls;

b) using a pump through a steel pipeline attached in vertical sections to the building structure, preventing leakage. On horizontal sections, mastic can be supplied through a heat-resistant hose. At the junction of the hose with steel pipe a protective case 40 - 50 centimeters long (made of tarpaulin or other non-combustible materials) is put on. After filling the container of the mastic application machine, the mastic must be pumped out of the pipeline.

410. It is forbidden to leave boilers unattended during the process of cooking and heating of bituminous compositions.

412. When mixing, heated bitumen should be poured into the solvent. Stirring is allowed only with a wooden stirrer.

413. It is forbidden to use open fire within a radius of 50 meters from the place where bitumen is mixed with solvents.

414. When carrying out hot work, it is necessary:

a) before carrying out hot work, ventilate the premises where vapors of flammable and combustible liquids, as well as combustible gases can accumulate;

(see text in previous edition)

c) tightly close all doors connecting the rooms in which hot work is carried out with other rooms, including the doors of the vestibule-locks, open the windows;

d) exercise control over the state of the vapor-gas-air environment in the technological equipment on which hot work is carried out, and in the danger zone;

e) stop hot work in the event of an increase in the content of combustible substances or a decrease in the concentration of a phlegmatizer in a hazardous area or process equipment to the values ​​​​of the maximum permissible explosion-proof concentrations of vapors (gases).

415. Technological equipment on which hot work will be carried out must be steamed, washed, cleaned, freed from fire and explosive substances and disconnected from existing communications (with the exception of communications used to prepare for hot work).

416. When steaming the internal volume of technological equipment, the temperature of the supplied water vapor must not exceed a value equal to 80 percent of the auto-ignition temperature of combustible vapor (gas).

417. Process equipment should be washed when the concentration of vapors (gases) in it is outside the limits of their ignition, and in an electrostatically safe mode.

418. Methods for cleaning rooms, as well as equipment and communications in which hot work is carried out, should not lead to the formation of explosive vapor and dust-air mixtures and the appearance of sources of ignition.

419. To prevent the ingress of hot metal particles into adjacent rooms, adjacent floors and other rooms, all inspection, technological and other hatches (holes), ventilation, assembly and other openings (openings) in ceilings, walls and partitions of rooms where hot work is carried out, closed with non-combustible materials.

The place of hot work is cleared of combustible substances and materials within the radius of cleaning the territory from combustible materials in accordance with Appendix No. 3.

420. Located within the radius of the territory clearing zone building construction, flooring, trim and cladding, as well as insulation and parts of equipment made of combustible materials, must be protected from sparks by a metal screen, fire blankets or other non-combustible materials and, if necessary, sprinkled with water.

(see text in previous edition)

421. The place for carrying out welding and cutting work at the objects of protection, in the constructions of which combustible materials are used, is fenced off with a continuous partition made of non-combustible material. At the same time, the height of the partition should be at least 1.8 meters, and the gap between the partition and the floor should not exceed 5 centimeters. To prevent the spread of hot particles, the specified gap must be fenced with a mesh of non-combustible material with a mesh size of not more than 1 x 1 mm.

(see text in previous edition)

422. It is not allowed to open hatches and covers of technological equipment, unload, reload and drain products, load them through open hatches, as well as perform other operations that can lead to fires and explosions due to gas contamination and dustiness of places where firing operations are carried out. work.

423. During breaks in work, as well as at the end of the work shift, the welding equipment must be turned off (including from the mains), hoses must be disconnected and freed from flammable liquids and gases, and pressure in blowtorches must be completely bled off.

Upon completion of work, all apparatus and equipment must be removed to specially designated premises (places).

424. It is forbidden to organize permanent places carrying out hot work at more than 10 posts (welding, cutting workshops), if centralized electricity and gas supply is not provided.

425. In a welding workshop, if there are no more than 10 welding posts, it is allowed to have 1 spare cylinder with oxygen and combustible gas for each post. Spare cylinders are protected by shields made of non-combustible materials or stored in special annexes to the workshop.

426. When carrying out hot work, it is prohibited:

a) start work with faulty equipment;

b) carry out hot work on structures and products freshly painted with combustible paints (varnishes);

c) use clothes and gloves with traces of oils, fats, gasoline, kerosene and other flammable liquids;

d) store clothing, flammable and combustible liquids, and other combustible materials in welding booths;

d) allow independent work students, as well as employees who do not have a qualification certificate;

e) allow contact of electrical wires with cylinders with compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases;

g) carry out work on devices and communications filled with combustible and toxic substances, as well as under electrical voltage;

h) carry out hot work simultaneously with the installation of waterproofing and vapor barrier on the roof, installation of panels with combustible and slow-burning insulation, sticking floor coverings and finishing the premises using combustible varnishes, adhesives, mastics and other combustible materials.

427. It is prohibited to carry out hot work on elements of buildings made of light metal structures with combustible and slow-burning heaters.

428. When carrying out gas welding works:

a) Portable acetylene generators should be installed outdoors. Acetylene generators must be fenced and placed no closer than 10 meters from work sites, as well as from places where air is taken by compressors and fans;

b) in the places where the acetylene generator is installed, posters "No entry to strangers - flammable", "Do not smoke", "Do not pass with fire" are hung out;

c) upon completion of work, the calcium carbide in the portable generator must be exhausted. Lime sludge removed from the generator is unloaded into a container adapted for this purpose and drained into a sludge pit or a special bunker;

d) open silt pits are fenced with railings, and closed ones have non-combustible ceilings and are equipped with exhaust ventilation and hatches for removing sludge;

e) fastening of gas supply hoses to the connecting nipples of equipment, burners, cutters and reducers must be reliable. On the nipples of water locks, the hoses are tightly put on, but not fixed;

f) calcium carbide is stored in dry ventilated rooms. It is forbidden to place calcium carbide warehouses in basements and low flooded places;

g) in the premises of acetylene plants, which do not have an intermediate store of calcium carbide, it is allowed to store no more than 200 kilograms of calcium carbide at a time, and of this amount, no more than 50 kilograms can be open;

h) opened calcium carbide drums should be protected with watertight lids;

i) it is forbidden to smoke, use open fire and use sparking tools in the places of storage and opening of drums with calcium carbide;

j) storage and transportation of gas cylinders is carried out only with protective caps screwed onto their necks. Cylinders are delivered to the place of welding on special carts, stretchers, sledges. When transporting cylinders, shocks and shocks are not allowed;

k) it is prohibited to store in the same room oxygen cylinders and cylinders with combustible gases, as well as calcium carbide, paints, oils and fats;

l) when handling empty cylinders from oxygen or combustible gases, the same safety measures are observed as with filled cylinders;

m) it is forbidden to smoke and use open fire within a radius of 10 meters from the places where sludge is stored, next to which the corresponding prohibition signs are posted.

429. When carrying out gas welding or gas cutting operations with calcium carbide, it is prohibited:

a) use 1 water lock for two welders;

b) load calcium carbide with oversized granulation or push it into the funnel of the apparatus using iron rods and wire, and also work with carbide dust;

c) load calcium carbide into wet loading baskets or in the presence of water in the gas collector, and also load baskets with carbide to more than half of their volume when the "water to carbide" generators are operating;

d) purge the hose for combustible gases with oxygen and the oxygen hose with combustible gas, and also interchange the hoses during operation;

e) twist, twist or pinch gas supply hoses;

f) move the generator if there is acetylene in the gas collector;

g) speed up the operation of acetylene generators by deliberately increasing the gas pressure in them or increasing the one-time load of calcium carbide;

h) apply copper tool for opening drums with calcium carbide, as well as copper as a solder for soldering acetylene equipment and in other places where contact with acetylene is possible.

430. When carrying out electric welding works:

a) it is forbidden to use wires without insulation or with damaged insulation, as well as to use non-standard circuit breakers;

b) welding wires should be connected by crimping, welding, soldering or special clamps. The connection of electrical wires to the electrode holder, the workpiece to be welded and the welding machine is carried out using copper cable lugs bolted with washers;

c) wires connected to welding machines, switchboards and other equipment, as well as to places of welding work should be reliably insulated and, where necessary, protected from high temperatures, mechanical damage or chemical influences;

d) it is necessary to place cables (wires) of electric welding machines from pipelines with oxygen at a distance of at least 0.5 meters, and from pipelines and cylinders with acetylene and other combustible gases - at least 1 meter;

e) steel or aluminum busbars of any profile, welding plates, racks and the welded structure itself can be used as a return conductor connecting the workpiece to be welded with the current source, provided that their cross section ensures safe current flow under heating conditions. The interconnection of individual elements used as a return conductor must be carried out using bolts, clamps or clamps;

f) it is prohibited to use internal railway tracks, grounding or grounding networks, as well as metal structures of buildings, communications and technological equipment as a return conductor. In these cases, welding is carried out using 2 wires;

g) in fire and explosion hazardous and fire hazardous premises and structures, the return conductor from the workpiece to be welded to the power source is made only with an insulated wire, and in terms of insulation quality it should not be inferior to a direct conductor connected to the electrode holder;

h) the design of the electrode holder for manual welding should ensure reliable clamping and quick change of electrodes, and also exclude the possibility of a short circuit of its body to the workpiece being welded during temporary interruptions in work or if it accidentally falls on metal objects. The handle of the electrode holder is made of non-combustible dielectric and heat-insulating material;