Installation of a roof from the built-up materials. The built-up roof - soft rolled materials. Built-up roofing materials

Modern built-up roofing has a service life of up to 25-30 years - current materials retain their properties over such a period of time. But this is subject to the competent installation of each of the layers. Errors are unacceptable, since there is no way to correct them. You will have to dismantle a piece of the roof if the errors are local or all if they are global. Probably for this reason, many homeowners prefer to make their own built-in roofing - do-it-yourself ones, as a rule, last longer without leaks.

Materials for built-up roofing have a multilayer structure. A binder is applied to the base from both sides, and a protective coating is applied to it. All these layers have several options. Their combinations give different properties and characteristics.

Base types

A significant part of the properties of the material is set by the base on which the binder is applied. If it can stretch, then the material for the built-up roof can also change its dimensions to a certain extent, if it does not tolerate deformations, then the material is torn. There are the following basics for built-up roofing:

The most durable materials are made on the basis of polyester. Manufacturers say that these materials retain their properties for 25-30 years. So much built-up roofs can be operated without repair, however, with correct installation. The disadvantage of polyester-based weld materials is the high price at the time of the device. But you can save on repairs and replacements.

Types of binder

The binder also determines the set of properties of the material for the built-up roof, but no longer affects the strength, but the waterproofing properties and resistance to weathering. Also, this layer is responsible for the degree of adhesion (adhesion) with the base or underlying layer. There are the following types of binders:

The best characteristics of rubber-bitumen and bitumen-polymer compounds. They have a wide temperature range in which they can be used. When choosing materials for built-up roofing, be sure to pay attention to this parameter, because some of them tolerate high temperatures (up to +150 ° C), and some - low temperatures (up to -50 ° C). And you can't mix them up.

Purpose

Built-up roofing, as a rule, is multi-layered, and materials for different layers must have various characteristics. Those below should provide waterproofing, sound absorption, and, if possible, have thermal insulation properties. These materials are called lining materials and when labeled, they are indicated by the letter “P” in the third position in the label.

The welded materials for the top layer of the roof must additionally have a high resistance of the surface to mechanical damage and weather influences. These materials are called "roofing" and in the abbreviation are denoted by the letter "K" in the third position.

Protective layers

Since the binder in the welded materials is sticky, it must be covered with something. This is done using stone chips of various sizes or plastic wrap. Sometimes foil (Folgoizol) is used as a protective layer. Such materials are used in countries with a hot climate. You need foil to lower the temperature - the lower layers heat up 15-20 ° C less than with conventional materials.

Stone chips (powdering) happens:

Since the type protective coating has a significant impact on the characteristics and scope of materials (fine-grained and dust-like are applied on both sides lining materials), then their designation is also in the marking - this is the second letter.

This is a summary of all the characteristics that you need to know when choosing a weld material. Before buying, be sure to read the description, study the scope and specifications.

Foundation Requirements

Welded roll roofing is most often done on a reinforced concrete base, the joints between the slabs must be sealed with a solution of grade M150 and higher. Reasons may also be:

If the built-up roof is flat, it is necessary to form a slope towards the drain or catchment funnels of at least 1.7%. This is usually done with a heater. Manufacturers of rolled welded materials produce insulation boards with a given slope. They are simply laid, observing the direction.

Another way to form a slope is to set the guides before pouring the screed and level the concrete along them.

The composition of the roofing cake

When installing a pitched or flat welded roof, the cake is the same - with or without insulation, but it must have a vapor barrier layer. The material for the vapor barrier is selected for the roofing used, as well as the lining carpet is chosen for it.

It's all about the compatibility of qualities and characteristics, therefore it is advisable to use all the elements of one manufacturer on the roof. Solid campaigns even have special tables according to which you can choose the required pie. One of the most famous manufacturers in Russia is TechnoNIKOL, their table is given below.

What's under the roofing material

Vapor barrier protects the overlying layers of insulation from saturation with moisture, which is especially important when used as a heater stone wool. She is afraid of getting wet. With an increase in humidity, its heat-insulating properties are greatly reduced, and if it freezes when wet, then when defrosted, it will simply crumble into dust and your roof will become cold. Therefore, when laying the vapor barrier, special attention is paid to the tightness of the joints, the correct cutting of the passages.

Roofing cake of insulated flat roof with built-up roofing

When insulating a flat roof, one must remember the need to create a slope towards the drain or receiving funnels (at least 1.5%). The same slope is maintained when pouring the screed. Its minimum thickness is 5 cm - not lower than M150. The screed that has gained strength (at least 28 days from the moment of pouring) is smeared with a bituminous primer, which ensures normal adhesion of the roofing cake to the screed.

On rigid stone wool slabs, fusing of materials without laying a screed is allowed. Then the surface of the insulation is smeared with a primer, and the layers of the welded roof are mounted on top.

But it is not always necessary to insulate the roof. In this case, there are fewer layers (see photo).

When constructing a pitched roof or a prefabricated screed (made of slabs and sheets), the roofing pie will be the same, only the vapor barrier layer is stuffed from the side of the room, the insulation is laid between the logs, and prefabricated screed sheets are attached to the logs on top (sheet thickness of at least 8 mm, laying in two layers with spaced seams).

Built-up roof device

The built-up roof will serve for a long time if its layers are laid according to all the rules. There are quite a lot of works, they are located in the article in order of priority.

Foundation preparation.

In the places where roofs adjoin vertical surfaces, install welded roofing materials to a height of at least 10-15 cm (if not special recommendations). In places where the built-up roof adjoins the walls of heated rooms (chimney pipes and ventilation ducts, including) vertical wall must be at least 25 cm. This is necessary so that condensation does not form in the roofing cake.

Vapor barrier installation

Bituminous build-up vapor barrier material can be laid by fusing and can be laid freely, but be sure to fuse all joints.

thermal insulation layer

Thermal insulation is laid on the finished vapor barrier layer. The surface must be absolutely dry and clean. The rules are:

Screed device

A screed is poured over the insulation. When using rigid boards mineral wool(compressive rigidity not less than 0.06 MPa) welded roofing can be made directly on the insulation, without a screed device. But for greater reliability, it is better not to skip this stage. The order of work is as follows:

The screed is left to gain strength. This takes an average of 28 days. To maintain the required level of humidity, immediately after laying, the screed is closed plastic wrap, tarpaulin, burlap. During the first week, the surface is periodically wetted: at a high temperature several times a day, at a low temperature - once.

The concrete that has gained strength is treated with a primer (and the parapet too), wait until it dries (the time depends on the brand and weather). The fusing of roofing material on a primer layer that has not dried is prohibited.

Adjacency to vertical surfaces: arrangement of sides, overlaps

In places where the roof adjoins vertical surfaces, to ensure tightness, it is recommended to make a side with an angle of 45 °. You can make it:

with help cement-sand mortar(brand M 150, dimensions 100*100 mm)
by installing special fillets, which are produced by the same companies that produce materials for built-up roofing.

Fillets are installed on bituminous mastic, the side of the solution after setting the cement is coated with a primer.

The sides are covered with an additional layer of lining carpet of the Technoelast EPP type. A strip of such a width is cut from the roll so that at least 100 mm of material remains on the base of the roof and at least 25 mm is wound onto a vertical surface. Lateral overlap of strips - not less than 80 mm. The material of the additional carpet laid out along the perimeter is welded onto the sides over the entire width.

Processing corners of built-up roofing - external and internal

When laying the next layers (underlay and roofing), the lining layer is also first melted, then the main carpet is laid and melted, bringing it 80 mm higher than the side. The stripe width of the additional carpet depends on the layer.

and skate

If a pitched built-up roof is being installed, an additional lining layer is laid on the ridge at the bend of the roof. Its width is 250 mm on each side. On complex roofs in the places of valleys, the lining layer must be at least 500 mm on both sides of the bend.

When laying on a ridge, the joints of the sheets are placed against the direction of the prevailing winds. The overlap of the panels is at least 80 mm, the joints must be fused. In the valley, if possible, the underlayment is laid in a single piece. If the length of the roll is not enough, rolling starts from the bottom, moving up. The junction is also necessarily melted.

Built-up roofing: material laying rules

First of all, you need to decide on the direction in which the rolls will roll out. On flat roofs, this is done along long side roofs. On sloping roofs, the direction depends on the magnitude of the angle:

less than 15 ° - rolls across the slope (along the slope);
more than 15 ° - along the slope.

Note! Laying different layers in a perpendicular direction is unacceptable. All layers of welded materials for the roof are laid in the same direction.

If there are several layers, the longitudinal seams of the layers are displaced by at least 300 mm. When laying, standard overlaps are also provided: side - 80-100 mm, end 150 mm.

Laying order

Start the installation of materials of the built-up roof from the lowest place. The roll is preliminarily rolled out, providing access to vertical surfaces (parapets, pipes, etc.). It is necessary to roll out without waves. So that the material does not move, when rolling, one side is pressed with something heavy (you can put an assistant). On the laid roll, mark the length, cut off the excess.

Pre-rolls "try on"

On flat roofs, the roll is rolled from the edges to the center. For convenience, you can use an iron pipe. With a slope of more than 8%, this option does not work. In this case, welding starts from the top, moving down. A piece 1.5-2 meters long is left unwelded. It is processed after the whole piece is glued.

In order to have fewer waves when rolling out the rolls, a couple of days before the start of installation they are placed “upright”. so they accept round shape, the material then lies flat.

Fusion technology

Regardless of how the material is rolled, it is welded by rolling it “on itself”. So you can control the degree of heating of the bituminous layer: the whole picture is before your eyes. If you push the roll "from yourself", the quality of the roofing will be very low and the roof will quickly leak.

You need to roll "on yourself"

The movements of the burner are smooth and uniform. When laying the overlapping areas are heated additionally. In this case, the burner moves along a path in the form of the letter "G". The burner is positioned so that both the base of the roof and the binder on the surface of the roll are heated at the same time. With proper heating, a small roll of molten bitumen forms in front of the roll.

When welding, it is necessary to ensure that the bitumen melts evenly, there are no "cold" zones or zones of local overheating. Some manufacturers (TechnoNIKOL) apply a pattern to the underside of the deposited roofing materials. It is easier to control the degree of bitumen heating using it - as soon as the pattern "floats", you can roll out the roll and move on. If the bitumen is heated correctly, it flows out along the edges of the roll, leaving a strip about 25 mm in size. That is, an even seam of dark color is obtained along the edge.

Note! Walking on only the welded roof is impossible. The powder is trampled into hot bitumen, which worsens it. appearance and protective properties.

When laying the built-up roof in low areas, the corners of the rolls at the joints are cut by 45 °. This sets the right direction for the movement of water.

Sometimes, when laying the finishing layer of a built-up roof, it becomes necessary to weld the material over a coarse-grained or scaly topping. If you simply heat the material and stick it on the sprinkle, there is a high probability of leakage. In this case, it is necessary to preheat the surface of the material with dressing, drown it with a spatula in bitumen. After that, you can already reheat and glue.

Welded roof - reliable way creating a strong, durable, airtight and easy-to-maintain roof covering, which is widely used in industrial and civil construction. Laying rolled waterproofing by fusing is mainly used for organizing flat operated and non-operated roofs with a slope of no more than 2 degrees. The installation technology of soft blood is quite simple to do it yourself, if you know how to properly prepare the bases for flooring and fix it with high quality. In this article we will talk about the sequence of laying rolled roofing materials using gas equipment.

The technology of laying rolled materials by fusing is a technologically complex process, for which special equipment is used. Fused waterproofing coatings differ from others in the way they are fixed to the base, which is carried out by heating the lower layer of low-melting bitumen. The use of roll materials for waterproofing the roof allows you to get an almost monolithic, airtight and weather-resistant coating that will last 10-25 years. Guided roofing has the following advantages over other flooring options:

Tightness of the finishing layer of the roof. Thanks to a special laying technology soft roof by welding, the seams between the layers of materials do not match, so the coating is hermetic.
High degree of thermal insulation and noise reduction ability. Built-up roll coatings prevent heat loss through the roof surface, as well as reduce the noise level during rain, hail, wind.
Durability. High-quality roll coatings based on fiberglass and modified bitumen serve for more than 20 years without cracking and damage.

Note! The only disadvantage of built-up coatings is the high flammability of such materials, as well as the use of flammable gas equipment for laying.

Material selection

Built-up roofing is an extensive category of rolled roofing materials, combined general method styling. To attach such a coating to the base of the roof, it is necessary to heat the bottom layer of low-melting bitumen with a gas heater to 150-170 degrees with a gas burner. According to the composition, several types of deposited materials are distinguished:

Bituminous. The most inexpensive and accessible are bituminous coatings, which are made from roofing cardboard by impregnating blanks with bitumen, followed by treatment with armoring powder. To that category of materials belongs roofing felt. The disadvantage of such a roof is considered to be low weather resistance and mechanical strength.
Polymer. polymer coatings called roofing products made from modern polymers that improve the quality, waterproofing qualities and increase the life of the roof.
Bitumen-polymer. Such coatings are made from fiberglass impregnated with a mixture of bitumen with additives and polymers. They are distinguished by increased wear resistance, weather resistance and elasticity, but they are also much more expensive.

Experienced craftsmen claim that they are best recommended in the Russian climate. In addition, they offer the best value for money.

Foundation types

The device of the built-up roof resembles a puff cake, the first layer of which is the base of the roof, where first 2-3 layers of the lining are laid, and then 1-2 topcoats. The technology of laying rolled materials does not allow the installation of a roof on flammable bases, for example, wood, since fire hazardous equipment is used for this operation. You can perform this method on the following types of floors:

Ceilings made of reinforced concrete slabs with embedded moisture resistant solution seams without leveling screed.
Monolithic leveling screed made of cement-sand concrete grade M 150.
Thermal insulation boards made of mineral wool, not leveled with screed.

Please note that the technology of laying the built-up roof implies fixing the material on a clean, dry, leveled, non-combustible base with a high agitating ability. To ensure that the coating is securely glued to the base, a set of preparatory work is performed.

The correct technology for preparing the roof base for fusing roofing materials has a significant impact on the durability, strength, tightness and wear resistance of the coating. Properly prepared for gluing a soft roof, the floor must be smooth, dry and dry. To obtain a reliable fixation of the material, it is necessary to perform a whole range of measures:

Cleaning the roof surface from dust, dirt and other contaminants. This can be done by "blowing" the roof with building hair dryer and or by abrasive blast cleaning.
Roof dryout. To ensure that there is no water under the roofing material, it is necessary to dry the floors thoroughly. In dry, sunny weather, evaporation of moisture from the thickness of the concrete occurs within 2-3 days. You can speed up this process with a hair dryer.
Seams between concrete slabs bases, as well as all irregularities and potholes, are sealed with moisture-resistant concrete grade M 150.
The base surface is primed bituminous mastic using a roller to form a sticky film that improves adhesion between the welded roof and the cover.

Important! Before laying the built-up materials, it is not allowed to treat the roof base with mechanical brushes, grinding discs and other devices leading to the formation of grooves on the concrete surface.

Equipment and tools

Roof fusing technology concrete base quite simple and not difficult even for an inexperienced master. To facilitate your work, you need to take care of the tools and equipment used for installation in advance:

A sharp roofing knife used to cut sheets of roofing material.
Roof cleaning brushes.
Roller, which is used to press the welded coating to the base during laying.
Bituminous primer for priming the surface of the base.
Roller for applying bituminous mastic during the priming process.
Gas burner and gas cylinder for fusing waterproofing coating.

Remember that it is necessary to work with welded roofing with the use of tools personal protection. To protect yourself from damage to the cornea of the eyes, respiratory tract and skin, use overalls, gloves, an eye mask and a respirator. On roofs with a height of more than 2 floors, work is only allowed with insurance.

The built-up roof keeps within in dry, calm weather at a temperature above 5 degrees. At a temperature environment less than this indicator, the melting of the lower layer becomes more difficult, and the gas consumption increases. Work is performed in the following order:

First, fillets are equipped - sides with a slope of 45 degrees, located at the junction of the roofing material with vertical surfaces. They are necessary to prevent abrasion of the roofing material in the seams.
The vertical surfaces that the waterproofing coating will be applied to are sanded to improve adhesion.
Then the lining layer of the coating is glued. To do this, the roll is rolled out, its edge is fixed, and the loan, melting the lower layer of material with a gas burner, is pressed waterproofing coating rolling roller.
The second strip of coating is glued with an overlap of 10-15 cm to protect the seam from moisture penetration.
Check the quality of gluing the first layer. The material in the area of the seams should not move away or bubble.
Subsequent layers of the deposited coating are glued in the same way. However, they are fixed with an offset so that the seams between the stripes do not match.

Important! Experienced roofers claim that the built-up roof is perfectly attached even over the old coating, if it is thoroughly dried, bubbles are eliminated, and cracks are repaired.

Video instruction

In this article, we will tell you what a built-up roof is, why it is called that, what materials it is made of, and we will also analyze the installation technology of this type of roofing. The article will help you understand the materials used, and the technology of their installation and be “on the same wavelength” in a conversation with the masters who perform this type of roofing.

Weld-on materials

So, the basis of the deposited materials is a non-woven frame: fiberglass, fiberglass, cardboard or polyester mesh. It is treated on both sides with modified bitumen or bitumen-polymer mixture. The second option is increasingly used today as a more efficient type of impregnation with long-term operation and improved performance.

The upper bituminous layer is sprinkled with stone, sand or mica chips, which perform the functions of protecting the roofing material from the negative effects of sunlight. Some manufacturers use special protective films made of polymers for this. The lower bituminous layer acts as a bonding compound. When it is heated, it softens and sticks to the base of the roof. A polymer film-indicator is applied on top of it. Its purpose is not only to protect the material during storage and transportation, but also to show when heated that the coating is ready for gluing. That is, when it burns out and melts, then this is a sign that the roofing can be pressed against the roof plane.

Finished products of soft built-up roofing are rolled material. Manufacturers today offer five of its categories. The materials included in them differ from each other in characteristics, properties and service life.

Economy will last on roofs no more than 10 years.

Related to business class can be used up to 25 years.

Premium class - up to 30 years.

On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer the service. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

The device of a roof from the built-up materials

Let's start with the fact that the built-up materials can be laid on flat and pitched roofs. With flat roofs, everything is clear - the materials were specially invented for these roofs. As for pitched ones, there is a limitation for them - the angle of inclination should not exceed 50 °.

Now about the device of the built-up roof. It is formed only on a solid, even and reliable plane. Therefore, on flat roofs, no matter what material they are built from, the final layer is cement-sand screed. That is, regardless of whether the insulated roof is being built or cold, the welded materials are laid on the screed layer.

But we must pay tribute to the manufacturers of thermal insulation materials, which today offer products with a tensile strength of more than 0.06 MPa. These are materials that under the influence of loads are crushed no more than 10% of their original size. Fused roofing can be laid on such mats and slabs. Of course, it is optimal to choose heaters with a tensile strength of more than 0.15 MPa.

On a note! Plates or mats on the roof are laid in a checkerboard pattern with an offset relative to each other in half of the product, if the installation is carried out in two layers. Thus, the problem of uniform distribution of loads on the heat-insulating layer is solved, plus the joints between mats and slabs are covered with solid products.

With cold roofs, everything is clear, these are most often six-hollow floor slabs covered with a screed, which forms the slope of the slope. If an insulated roof is being erected, then a thin screed is poured onto the floor slabs to level the plane. Then a layer of heat-insulating material is laid, covered on top with a vapor barrier. And the last layer is a screed. And already on it the deposited coating is laid. If insulation mats with the above characteristics are used, then the upper screed is not poured.

On flat roofs, bulk materials are often used as insulation: expanded clay, perlite, vermiculite. They must be filled with a screed.

As for pitched roofs, it must immediately be noted that the installation of the built-up roof is carried out only on solid crate. In this case, either moisture-resistant plywood or OSB-3 boards (also moisture-resistant) are used.

Pay attention to the following nuances:

pitched roofs are insulated under the elements of the crate, when thermal insulation material fits between the rafter legs;

laid on top of the rafters vapor barrier membrane , which is attached to them with metal staples using a stapler;

over the vapor barrier crate is going;

the outer plane of the last necessarily treated with flame retardant, and on top with a bituminous primer;

covered substrate from non-combustible material;

fit and the weld material is bonded.

Assembly process

The technology for installing a soft roof made of welded materials is a simple process. The roll is laid at the eaves of the roof, the outer surface is heated with a gas burner, and the material is rolled out, which immediately sticks to the prepared surface. The rolling is carried out from the eaves to the ridge with the help of a poker. Installation is carried out by two workers: one heats the roll and rolls it out, the second presses it to the roof plane with his hands or some tool.

On flat roofs, laying is carried out along the eaves, starting from the bottom. In this case, the next strip is laid on the previous one with a slight overlap.

Video description

The technology of laying the deposited material is shown in the following video:

With built-up roofing (with work on its construction) one must be careful. This is a fire hazardous event, where the rules and requirements of fire safety are strictly adhered to. For example, the distance from the gas cylinder to the burner during operation should not be less than 5 m. Qualified craftsmen are familiar with the requirements, they fulfill them, so there should be no problems.

Soft roof repair

Unfortunately, like many roofing materials, built-up materials fail, and not only at the end of their service life. They do not possess increased strength characteristics, for example, like metal ones. Therefore, periodically the roof must be inspected for defects:

detachment edges;

bubbles filled with water or air;

cracks;

disappearance stone sprinkle.

Let's start with the last flaw, which is formed by cleaning the roofs of snow with shovels. It's easy to fix it. For this in hardware store stone dressing is bought in the required quantity. The main thing is to choose it according to the color of the roof. The defective place is coated with bituminous mastic and sprinkled evenly on it.

The detachment of the edges is also easy to repair. The edge is taken away, the plane under it is coated with bituminous mastic, the edge of the material is laid in place and pressed strongly.

As for bubbles.

A sharp knife is made at the place of the bulge cross incision in the form of an envelope.

bred triangular edges in different directions.

If necessary, align base with cement-sand mortar.

Heat up retracted ends with a torch.

Stacked they are pressed into place.

Making a patch, which should be 10 cm larger on each side than the defective area.

patch placed on the prepared area after heating. Optimally - lay two patches one on top of the other.

Now, how to repair cracks. If this is a grid of small cracks, then the defective area is treated with bitumen-polymer mastic, to which aluminum powder is first added. And already sprinkled with stone chips on top. If the crack is one and large, then the technology of its repair resembles the sealing of an air bubble. Only the crack in this case is not opened, but a patch is simply laid on it.

As you can see, the technology of repairing a soft roof made of welded materials is not the most difficult process. The main task is to detect the formation of a defect in time and not create conditions for the appearance of leaks.

Conclusion on the topic

Welded materials are increasingly being used to cover flat roofs in private housing construction. They cover the outbuildings. Houses with flat roofs are in vogue, so in this regard, the demand for soft roofs does not decrease. In civil high-rise building these materials did not lose their popularity. It's just that roofing felt and bitumen have been replaced by modern materials that surpass old products and technologies both in quality and in service life.

One of the most affordable types of roofing materials are rolled. They are glued - old-type roofing material - and built-up - new developments. In this group there are very cheap and quite expensive views. The price range is from 30 rubles per roll to 230 and more. But at the same time, the combination of price / quality / durability is preserved. The big difference in price is explained by the fact that different bases, impregnations, binders and additives, various technologies are used, which give certain qualities to materials.

By appointment, they are divided into two large groups:

We will consider rolled roofing materials. The first two categories are among the cheapest. They have been on the market for many decades, but are still in demand. They belong to the first and second generation - depending on the impregnation used and the method of installation.

Fiberglass is the basis for the third generation of roll materials

The first generation is glued to the mastic, the second is fused ("Rubemast"). Their main disadvantage: a short service life. All due to the fact that when overheated (temperature above +50°C) or hypothermia (below -20°C), they lose their elasticity, crumble and tear. They are also affected by ultraviolet radiation. As a result, regular roof repairs are required. But even when careful care lines of roofing service from roofing material is about 6-8 years.

Roll materials based on fiberglass or fiberglass have much better performance characteristics. They belong to the third generation. With their proper installation and combination of different types of base, the roof is rarely repaired, and its service life is about 10-12 years.

The longest service life roll roofing with bitumen-polymer roofing materials based on polyester. This is the fourth generation. Such a roof can stand for 15-20 years. But they also have the highest price. But their laying is many times faster than when using roofing materials of any type.

Baseless materials are more often used in waterproofing works. They are:

from scrap rubber - "Izol";
from secondary bitumen (old tires) - "Brizol";
polyethylene and polyamide film.

When installing a soft roof, all these materials are combined, which allows you to get an inexpensive, but durable and high-quality coating.

According to the installation method, there are three types of roofing roll materials:

Adhesive on mastics (bituminous or polymeric - depends on the type of impregnation). Mastics are cold and hot. But any of them must be warmed up, just to different temperatures: cold up to 120-130°C, hot up to 200-220°C.
Self-adhesive. In them, the glue is applied to the back side and protected by a film. During installation, the film is separated, and the roofing material is simply leveled and pressed.
Built-up. Today, the vast majority of rolled roofing materials are mounted in this way.

As you can see, the variety is such that it is easy to get confused: different purposes and characteristics. To choose the right one, you need to know how they are designated and how they differ.

Marking

All rolled roofing materials have an alphanumeric designation. It encodes information about the base, type of dressing, as well as the mass or thickness of cardboard for roofing materials.

One of the "oldest" materials - roofing material

For example, CCI, TCH, HKP, HPP, EPC, EMP, EKP.

The first letter indicates the name or base:

R - roofing material,
T - fiberglass;
X - fiberglass;
E - polyester.

The second is the purpose:

P - lining. Roll roofing consists of at least two layers, cheaper ones are stolen down - lining. on them as top coat fusible film is pasted on bitumen. Therefore, it is also believed that the second letter "P" denotes the type of top coating - in this case, the film.
K - roofing. In them, the top layer, which is applied to the bitumen, is a coarse-grained dressing.

The third contains information about the dressing:

P - pulverized;
M - fine-grained;
H - scaly-often mica;
K - coarse-grained.

Still sometimes there are numbers at the end. They can indicate the thickness of cardboard for roofing felts or the mass of the binder composition per square meter: for example, Icopal VillaTeks N HPP 3.0 is a built-up roofing material made of fiberglass with dust-like dressing and a binder mass (bituminous) of at least 3.0 kg per m 2.

The more binder, the better waterproofing the coating can provide. This value varies from 2.5 to 5.5 kg/m 2 . In this case, the front part should be at least 1.5 kg / m 2.

Built-up roofs: materials

The largest group of rolled roofing materials is mounted by melting the layer applied to the underside. These can be materials of the second, third or fourth generation, on different bases, with different types binder. All of them are combined into a common group: built-up roofing materials.

They can be mounted on any base: vertical, horizontal and inclined. It could be:

cement-sand screed;
brick base;
wood;
asbestos sheets,
solid insulation,
metal decking.

Before fusing roofing material, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work. A clean and dry solid base is treated with a mastic of the appropriate composition: for bitumen, the same mastics are taken, for polymer ones, bitumen-polymer ones.

The very first stage of a do-it-yourself roll roofing device is the impregnation of the base with a primer

Most often, the base is impregnated with a bitumen or bitumen-polymer primer. Surface treatment with this solution simultaneously improves the waterproofing of the base and adhesion (adhesion) to the roofing material. It is applied with a layer of 2-3 mm, after complete drying (the time depends on the type of primer and the weather), fusing can begin.

Laying technology for deposited materials

Since the rolls are stored one on one, they are often flattened. If you immediately start to weld it, it is inconvenient. Moreover, it is very difficult to get rid of kinks and waves. Therefore, a day before installation, the roll is rolled out on the roof. A day later, after it becomes even, the material is twisted into rolls: from two sides to the middle.

Fusing occurs with the help of powerful gas burners. At the same time, the roll is rolled out “on itself”. Hooks are used for this, but they should not have sharp edges or protrusions. This position makes it possible to control the degree of heating of the mastic on the roll and on the roof. And only under such a condition is a high-quality flooring of the built-up roof possible.

It is more convenient to work together: one melts the mastic and rolls the roofing material, the second rolls the newly welded surface with a roller, expelling the trapped air. Particular attention is paid to the edges: they are pressed especially carefully.

High-quality welding is possible only if a small roller of molten bitumen is formed in front of the roll - about 2.5 cm in size. When the roll is rolled, the bitumen is also squeezed out of it by about 2-3 cm. the edges will be well attached.

How to competently fuse roofing roll material, see the video.

Please note that only one layer is deposited per day. It is left to cool. In the morning, all the bubbles that appear are pierced and pressed down, squeezing out the air. Press until the mastic begins to come out. Only after all swellings are processed, the next layer is laid.

Built-up roof device

The layers of the roofing cake depend on the type of roof. Most often, built-up roofs are used on flat roofs or roofs with a low slope. That is, on those roofs on which other types of roofing materials are ineffective. They do an excellent job with their duties if the angle of inclination is 0-30 °. The difference is only in the order of laying the strips, the number of layers.

If the roof has a slope of up to 12 °, then start from the bottom edge, move up. The strips are found one on top of the other by at least 15 cm. With steeper slopes, they start laying from above and move down. In this case, the overlap is 10 cm.

If one roll is joined to another, then they must overlap by at least 30 cm. If there are joints in adjacent strips, then one connection must be at least 50 cm from the other.

The number of layers of roofing material required to create a built-up roof also depends on the angle of inclination. How less angle slope, the longer the water will linger on the roof, and the more layers are required for high-quality waterproofing:

slope up to 5 ° - 4 layers (three lining, one roofing);
slope from 6° to 15° - three layers;
more than 15° - two layers.

Once again, please note that the number of layers is calculated for welded roofing materials. For roofing materials laid on mastic, the norms are different.

On a roof with any slope, you need to use two types of roofing materials. The linings are laid down (the second letter "P" in the marking). They differ in that the top dressing is either completely absent (film), or it is fine-grained and dusty. In this case, it serves to prevent the layers from sticking together, then, when the next layer is welded, it becomes a filler for bitumen and improves the adhesion of the layers. Roofing (in the designation the second letter "K") have a coarse-grained bedding, which increases the strength characteristics. They serve to protect against moisture and other weather factors, wind and ultraviolet radiation. Welding materials laid on top are more expensive: they have greater thickness and more complex manufacturing technology.

Welding on a flat roof

Flat roofs have a slight slope. Therefore, they begin laying roofing materials from the bottom up. At the same time, at least 15 cm approach to the enclosing structures is provided. When preparing, they are also carefully smeared with mastics.

Before starting work on laying roofing materials, it is necessary to make a high-quality water collection and drainage system.

In places where the rolls are rolled along the fence, a substrate is first glued to the fence or wall: cut pieces of material are glued to the mastic. The entry height is 25 cm. A piece of material of at least 10 cm must lie on a horizontal plane. All joints are carefully sealed and crimped. Then the edges laid on the roof are smeared with mastic on top, and only then do they begin to fuse the first roll along the treated fence.

Observing the rules, laying (visits and overlaps at the junction) builds up the first layer. The second is laid so that the longitudinal seams overlap with a new canvas. In order for the seam to be blocked, a third of the width is cut off from the first roll in the second layer, if there are three underlying layers, and half if there are two. This results in a uniform seam offset.

Built-up roofing on a pitched roof

Baths are most often made with pitched roofs. And on them, too, you can lay the built-up roofing material.

First of all, requirements are made to the base: it should be a continuous crate of moisture-resistant board materials. Most often it is either plywood or OSB. Plywood has a greater margin of safety, so it should be preferred. Thickness - about 10-30 mm, depending on the angle of the slope and the amount of snow that will fall in winter.

Warming is carried out from the side of the attic - it is fixed between the rafters. It also fills up there vapor barrier film. When laying the slabs, they are mounted apart - the seams should not match. Between the sheets leave gaps of a few millimeters -2-4 - to compensate for thermal expansion. The finished base is first smeared with a base with a bitumen or bitumen-polymer primer (choose according to its characteristics).

The slope angle can be up to 50°. But the laying technology is different for different slope angles. If the slope is up to 15 °, then the first row is laid along the ridge with a 15-20 cm approach to the other side, where the edge is then also welded and fixed with nails for reliability. The following strips are mounted with an overlap of rows of at least 15 cm - this will ensure the tightness of the joints. Be sure to roll the joints with rollers immediately after welding. Also, then, in addition, all seams and joints are glued with mastic and pressed well.

If the roof slope is steep, roll out the deposited materials from top to bottom, starting from one of the edges. The overlap on another roof slope with this method of laying is also about 15-20 cm. And it is also fixed with nails with wide hats every 20-25 cm along the perimeter, as well as in the middle in a checkerboard pattern. On average, there should be at least 15 nails per square meter. It is desirable to take fasteners galvanized - it does not rust so much.

The fusion starts from the top, moving down. In this case, the roll does not have to be pulled, as on flat roofs, but held.

Two people should work: one welds, the second immediately rolls it with a roller, squeezing out the air, and then drives in the nails. You have to move under two (not one, but two) well-fixed stairs. One is below the roll being rolled out, and the second is on the side. They are moved as the work progresses on the roof.

Three or four layers are required. They can also be located in a perpendicular fusion, in relation to the one laid from below. When laying two layers in the same direction, do not forget about the offset of the seams - they should not coincide.

Repair of a soft roll roof

It is advisable to inspect the roof twice a year: in spring, after the snow melts, and in autumn. When inspecting, pay attention to the condition of the roofing material.

The most common defect is the appearance of delaminations and blisters. To get rid of such a bubble, it is cut crosswise. The resulting petals are bent as far as possible. The base is cleaned and smeared with mastic. The petals are folded back, pressed tightly. From above, they are again smeared with mastic and a patch is laid, which is the most damaged by 15-20 cm in all dimensions. It is also carefully pressed.

There are still delaminations at the joints. The technique is the same: they open the damage, clean it well. Having smeared with mastic, the material is laid in place and a patch is applied on top.

Sometimes after a few years there are so many defects that it is easier to overhaul. But laying several layers on top is not the most The best decision. This can and will hold back the destruction for a year or two. It is much better to dismantle the old coating and lay a new one, but using more reliable materials, for example, welded roll materials. They cost more, of course, but you won't be looking at the roof for five to ten years, maybe more.

Most of the materials for soft roofing are available in rolls. They are intended for flat roofs or pitched, but with a small slope - up to 30 °. Roll roofing materials are rarely mounted on pitched roofs with a slope of more than 15 ° - under their own weight they slide off the slope. They have a low cost, are easy to install, modern materials allow them to be operated without repair for 10-25 years. Exactly like this guarantee period give manufacturers for materials. But how long the rolled roof will be used depends largely on how well it is made. In case of bad work, even the most best materials. Therefore, many owners of cottages or private houses prefer to do everything on their own, with their own hands. We will talk about the main points of the device of a roll roof with mechanical fastening (on nails and screws) or using mastic and we will talk further.

The width of rolled roofing materials is standard - 1 meter, the length of the roll can vary significantly - from 7 to 20 meters, the characteristics change in even wider ranges. So, in order to choose a material for a roll roof, you need to understand the types.

Classification by type of base

The choice of roll material for a soft roof should begin with finding out its basis. They are:

The best and durable materials for rolled roofing - based on polyester. Their service life is 15-25 years. They are expensive, therefore they are usually used as a top - roofing - coating, and the lower, lining layers are made of a cheaper material, usually based on fiberglass or baseless materials (as a waterproofing coating).

Types of binder

The base of the rolled roofing material is covered on both sides with a binder protective composition. It could be:

bitumen (Gidroizol based on asbestos paper, Stekloruberoid);
tar, bitumen-tar compositions;
rubber-bitumen composition (Stekloizol)
rubber-polymer;
polymeric.

The best characteristics of rubber-bitumen and polymer-bitumen compositions. Some of them are designed for operation in severe frosts - up to -40°C, some tolerate high temperatures well - up to +150°C.

Folgoizol - on one side, foil is glued onto the bitumen-polymer binder

For regions with high temperatures there is roll materials for foil-based roofing - Folgoizol. A bitumen-rubber or bitumen-polymer binder is applied to the foil from the underside. Due to the reflective properties of the foil, the temperature of the roof will be 20°C lower. The front surface can be painted with weatherproof paints and varnishes. Folgoizol bends well, is cut, nailed roofing nails. There are roofing (FC) and waterproofing (FG).

Purpose

Roll roofing rarely consists of a single layer. Depending on the slope and complexity of the structure, two to five layers are laid. The lower ones serve for waterproofing, heat preservation and sound insulation improvement. They are called "lining", in the marking they are indicated by the letter "P" (the letter reflecting the purpose of the material is in second place).

The top layer should be more durable, it bears the main mechanical load, it is affected by climatic and natural factors. This layer uses the most expensive materials. They are called "roofing" and are denoted by the letter "K".

Types of protective coating

The binders that are used in the production of rolled roofing materials require protection from the effects of weather factors. Powder is used as a protective layer. varying degrees grinding:

In the marking, the letter representing the type of sprinkle is worth the third. Roll materials used for lining are sprinkled on both sides with fine-grained or dusty powder. Its task is to prevent sticking together in a roll.

Fine-grained or dust-like chips are also applied to the back side of the roofing roll material, and coarse-grained or scaly chips are applied to the front side, which not only protects the coating, but also makes it more attractive. To give an even more aesthetic appearance, the topping is painted in different colors. Usually it is red, gray, burgundy, brown, green and blue.

Mounting method

Most of the materials for roll roofing are welded onto the base. For this, special burners are used, connected to cylinders with liquefied gas. With their help, the lower layer of the binder is melted, adhering to the base or already laid material. This technology is used on flat roofs, overlapped reinforced concrete slabs(for example, in garages).

In private housing flat roofs very rare in our country. On the small houses usually this gable roof, less often - single-sided. The truss system and lathing of these roofs are wooden, use on them open fire- there is a big risk and the owners of cottages or small houses are looking for a rolled roof that does not need to be welded. There are also such materials. Some of them are fastened with mastic, some are nailed (about them a little lower). There are materials with a self-adhesive layer. All you need is to remove protective film, roll out the material and press it firmly.

Roof base

Welded roll materials are usually laid on flat concrete roofs. In some cases (when repairing garage roofs), they can be laid on metal base. In this case, the roof material itself is the basis. All that is needed - Preliminary processing liquid waterproofing. There are two options:

On the pitched roofs co truss system under rolled roofing materials, a solid base is required. Most often, a continuous crate is made of plywood, OSB, edged or tongue-and-groove boards. But these bases are combustible and it is impossible to fuse a rolled roof on them with a burner. Then use materials for roll roofing with mechanically installation ( slate nails) or glued to the mastic.

There are several more options for non-combustible materials from which you can make a base for a rolled roof - these are flat slate, DSP, GVL and profiled sheet (galvanized). On these bases, special linings and long pointed self-tapping screws with plastic sleeves are used for fastening.

Any prefabricated bases are made from sheet material at least 8 mm thick, laid in two layers. The second layer is laid so that the seams of the first layer overlap with the sheets of the second (with offset seams).

Materials for roll roofing without fusing

They are not very many, but they are. Fastening method - roofing nails (galvanized with a wide flat head), on special mastic (usually on mastic for shingles). Some have a self-adhesive backing protected polymer film. This film is removed during installation by rolling the laid part with a heavy metal roller, trying to avoid the formation of air bubbles.

So, the materials that are attached to the mastic with nails have a self-adhesive base:

As you can see, there is a choice. True, there are only two categories - very cheap and expensive materials, but you can choose based on plans for the near future. If you need a temporary option - to cover the roof, for several years - you can use cheap materials. If roll roofing is arranged for a long time, it makes sense to use expensive ones.

Roll roofing device without fusing

Regardless of what the base of the roof will be, it must be even, dry and clean. No debris or dust. Only pure material.

It is possible to make a roll roof on a pitched roof, but you will have to use certain materials that are designed for this and follow the rules and recommendations. The thing is that roll materials for roofing have a fairly solid mass. Without proper fixation, they slide down under their own weight. To prevent this from happening, special measures are needed. Here are the rules for installing a mechanically fastened roll roof:

With a ramp slope of less than 15%, the canvas is rolled parallel to the slope. Laying starts from the bottom, moving up.
With a slope of more than 15%, the canvas rolls from top to bottom. So that they do not slip under the influence of gravity, they are usually laid with an overlap over the ridge. If possible, you can roll both slopes in one roll. But in this case it overlaps air vent in the region of the skate. Then for attic ventilation it is required to make separate ventilation pipes.
Note: using modern materials for a two-layer roofing cake, a perpendicular arrangement of layers is not allowed. Laying occurs only in one direction. In this case, the seams of different layers should be displaced relative to each other. The minimum displacement in the horizontal plane is 300 mm, vertical joints must be spaced at least 500 mm apart. To offset the seams, one of the layers starts with a roll cut in half.
When laying panels, it is necessary to roll them out, taking into account overlaps. Side overlap must be at least 120 mm, end overlap - at least 150 mm.
In those places where there are any structural elements on the roof (outlets of heating and ventilation pipes, dormer windows, adjoining a wall, etc.), roofing carpet reinforced with an additional layer. Uniflex EPP or Technoelast EPP are recommended.
When approaching vertical surfaces (on a pipe, parapet, adjoining wall, etc.), the material is glued to the mastic over the entire area, and, if possible, welded.
The fastener installation scheme depends on the angle of the roof slope, the height of the building, and wind loads in the region. Most frequent installation- in the corners of the roof (step 25 cm). This is where the wind loads are the highest. A little less often they put fasteners in the marginal zone (up to 35 cm) - here the loads are average. Fasteners are installed least often in the central area of \u200b\u200bthe roof (up to 50 cm).
Nails are driven in at least 10 mm from the edge.
Each strip is attached along the edges, and sometimes in the middle.
The horizontal joints of the canvases are fixed with galvanized steel strips, into which self-tapping screws are screwed, the second option - with nails or self-tapping screws with a washer with a diameter of at least 50 mm.
Roof perimeter, along eaves, around all structural elements, along the valleys, additional fasteners are hammered in increments of no more than 25 cm.
At least 4 nails are hammered around small diameter pipes.

Pipe outlet sealing

In places where pipes or antennas go through the roofing cake, an additional layer is laid. It is glued to the mastic directly on the base. For sealing the passage round pipe through a rolled non-welded roofing occurs with the help of a special rubber shaped element. This is an elastic cap with a rubber skirt. It happens for pipes from 110 mm to 250 mm in diameter.

The rubber cap is pulled over the pipe, lowered so that the skirt lies freely on the base. The bottom of the skirt is smeared with mastic, it is well pressed. Stepping back from the edge of the skirt 10 mm, install fasteners with a step of no more than 200 mm. The joint of the rubber cap and the pipe is filled with an appropriate sealant (for chimneys the sealant must be heat resistant).

Further, roofing material is spread from above, which is additionally fixed around the pipe with nails or self-tapping screws with washers. The fastener installation step is no more than 250 mm, but there must be at least 4 fasteners around the pipe.

Joint with vertical structures (adjacent to a wall, brick pipe)

At the junction of the roof with vertical wall an additional layer of underlying material is laid. It must protrude at least 250 mm onto the vertical surface, at least 200 mm must lie on the slope. The entire surface of the additional layer is smeared with mastic, it is well pressed. After that, the upper part is still attached to the metal edge rail. It is attached to a vertical surface with self-tapping screws with washers of at least 50 mm in diameter. The junction of the rail with the wall is filled with polyurethane sealant.

If the roof is insulated, to ensure high degree tightness, you can make several additional layers (figure above). Each of them goes 100 mm further than the previous one. Each is smeared with bituminous mastic, but the bar is nailed only to the topmost one, although the intermediate ones can be fixed with self-tapping screws with washers in increments of 200 mm.

These are all the main points that are necessary when installing a roll roof without fusing.

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